11/09/2012 The One Show


11/09/2012

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Hello, welcome to The One Show with Alex Jones... And Matt Baker.

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Coming up, we will be talking to Andy Murray's grandparents about

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his big win at the US Open. guest is a newshound turned

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novelist, brushing up on ABBA pits for her latest role. It's Penny

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Smith! We will be talking about a ABBA shortly. It has been the most

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phenomenal summer of sport. With Andy Murray last night? It started

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with Bradley Wiggins, ends with Andy Murray. It's one of those

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things where you go, I was here in London, in the summer of 2012.

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are obviously proud, because you have the Union flag on your T-shirt.

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Did you stay at last night to watch it? No, I was at Claire Balding's

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book launch. I thought I would drop that name in! On the way home, I

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was following on Twitter. I went to bed at about 12 o'clock thinking,

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you know what, he's going to do that then that he generally does

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where he goes to the final wire. How brilliant was that? I woke up

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and went, wow, what a great time to be Team GB. You are going to love

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this, we can go live to his home town of Dunblane to speak to his

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grandparents. You must be on cloud nine at the moment? Absolutely. It

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has been a fantastic day. It's been a long day! How was last night? You

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must have watched it at home. After 1 o'clock, were you getting

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nervous? Not really. We had just watched it at home, on our own,

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just the two of us and a dog. After the first set, I took it out for a

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walk. When I came back, he was winning it the second set and then

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he started to lose. I thought, I'm going to go back out again and walk

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the dog. But I didn't, I watched it until the end. We are not able to

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jump about. Not nowadays. We are not really in the first flush. I

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have a very comfy armchair. Surely, what has the reaction been like in

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Dunblane? Quite incredible. We really haven't had time to go down

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to the village today. We live right on the golf course. There have been

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out, waving, coming into the garden and congratulated us, wishing us

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well. Cars are stopping, the sports club has been buzzing today. It has

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been lovely. We are very grateful for the tremendous support.

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Congratulations. We have seen an awful lot of the press, I must say.

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They have been around since 6:45am. This is the last one! We will let

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you go back to that comfy armchair. And you can go and take a dog for a

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walk. Thanks for joining us. If you were up to watch Murray last

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night, send a picture of yourself, may be looking a little bit bleary

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eyed because it finished at around 3 o'clock. Send your message for

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Andy to [email protected]. Now, a touching story of how older

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people in this country that have time on their hands and bags of

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expertise are putting it to good use helping young people living

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thousands of miles away. It is known as the Granny Cloud. If you

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are one of those people that are slightly sceptical about the

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benefits of the internet, we know that you are out there, you might

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This is Jackie Barrow. She lives in the village of Diggle, near Alton.

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She also happens to be a teacher with a difference. Today I was

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going to ask you, do you know what this sign is for? Her pupils are

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not here on the edge of the Pennines, they are in a classroom

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thousands of miles away on a different Continent. Four years ago,

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she was one of the first people to join a project that matches

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volunteers willing to teach with children who are hungry to learn.

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Hi! For at least one hour week, she speaks with a group of

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disadvantaged children in India through Skype, children that she

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has never met. This is Anita. Do you want to say hello? Hello!

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know these two boys very well. Can you wave? The point of the project,

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affectionately dubbed the Granny Cloud, is to improve their English

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and raised expectations of what they can achieve. Do you want a

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story today? Can you read the title? Good! When you are boxing,

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you could say... Biff! Bop! Jackie used to be a teacher but suffered a

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heart attack and was forced to take early retirement. How old were you?

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55. I had no warning. I was in a state of shock. You have come

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across this project, Granny Cloud, even though you want a grandmother?

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I confessed right at the beginning! There was an article asking for

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volunteers. It was asking for people to be so -- surrogate

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grandmothers to people in India. This one is hockey. I think because

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I retired early, I obviously have got skills I developed during my

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working life, to find something that I could use those skills for

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was very exciting and rewarding. What do you get from it? You see

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these children and their wonderful, smiling faces. They are so

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enthusiastic, always. Very quickly, you get involved in what is going

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on. The fact that they log on, week after week, makes you feel that

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they must value it. Boys, how do you like Jackie? What do you think

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of her? You are very nice! Very loving. Do you get to learn much

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about the boys, where they live, what schools they go to? I know

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that they live in a slum, not far from where the centre is. Other

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than that, my role is bringing something from the outside to share

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with them. But the kids are about to get a surprise of their life, as

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their next session with Jackie will be in person, in India. To walk

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into a room and meet them is just going to be fantastic. Forget

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Jackanory, this is Jackie's story! Her excitement is already

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outgrowing her suitcase. I was going to put all the things I am

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taking for them in my hand luggage, but it has come over the top

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already. In the past, I have shown them things that I do with felt.

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Hopefully, I am going to teach them how to do it. They have seen a lot

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of photographs of where I live. I have put them together in a book.

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think you are about to have a life- changing experience. I hope so. I

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think so. I wish you were coming with us. I wish I was, but you

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don't need me, you are going to be fined. You can go it alone. Next

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time, Jackie's arrival in India is met with great excitement. But does

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Anita is here. That is an incredible idea. How did the Granny

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Cloud concept start? A very clever man at the Costa University,

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Professor Sugata Mitra, a professor in technology, he says children get

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their most encouragement from grandmothers. He got a bit of

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funding and decided to set this very basic system app, a very

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obvious thing that we can do with technology. People in poverty-

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stricken part of India, with no access to formal education, they

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can go to after-school clubs, sit around the computer and communicate

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with women in the UK. You don't have to be a granny. You can see

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from their faces, the reaction. What kind of impact is that having?

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It is huge for these children. I spent an hour with Jackie and they

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were hanging on every word. Their English is improving, but also they

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are able to beat aspiring to things that they haven't been able to

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default. It is opening their World Cup. It is just encouraging them to

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do things that they wouldn't be able to do. -- their World Cup.

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Jackie is getting a lot out of this. If anybody is sitting at home and

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thinking, I would like to give that ago, is it easy? It's so simple,

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you can go on to the website and there is a link. What would you

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like to teach? I'm not implying that you are a granny! Thank you,

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very kind. I'm a bit of a grammar Nazi. I would be going, right,'s

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used wrongly, that is my particular... Stop it! 1960s is a

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parole! I can't even reply to badly spelled tweets. I correct their

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grammar first. Tune in tomorrow to This year marks 100 years of the IQ

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test. It is worth noting that women, for the first time, are scoring

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higher than men since records began. How did the IQ Test start in the

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This is one of the first ever IQ tests, tests of your intelligence

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quotient. It is putting the right shapes into the right shades. It

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doesn't look too bad. Let's see how I do. Easy! Well, maybe not. This

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test is about 100 years old and part of a collection of

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intelligence tests at the Science Museum in London. I knew I should

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have got more Lego as a child. Part of the collection is hidden away in

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storage vaults, but we are allowed in specially. I am thick, aren't I?

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11.31. That sounds terrible. would have worried if you hadn't

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given up. This is an early test. Psychologists realise that if you

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frustrate the subject until they give up, you're not measuring

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anything apart from frustration. It's an annoying little thing. The

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term intelligence quotient, or IQ, was first coined in 1912 by a

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German psychologist called William Stern. He wanted to come up with a

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scoring system that defined a child's intelligence. Psychologists

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at the beginning of the 20th century were interested in finding

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out where children belonged on a scale. If they were somehow smarter

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or slower than their age. He came up with the idea that you could

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divide the mental age of a child, that they got on the test, by the

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chronological age and that would give you a number that would tell

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you if they were above or below average for that age. It was

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originally for children? Yes. tests took the form of puzzles that

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got increasingly difficult for each age group. At the same time in

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America, puzzles were being used on adults. Public health doctors at

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the Ellis Island Immigration Service in the United States were

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trying to evaluate people coming into the United States. They wanted

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to see who was at the lower end of the scale and, therefore, who

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should not be allowed into the country. If you failed one of these

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tests, you would not be allowed in? Probably if you failed a few.

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is a challenge for me, let's see if I can get this right. I'm doing

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better on this one. Oh, no. I've got two left. Quite proud. Are you

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letting me in? During World War I, more sophisticated tests were

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devised to assess the capabilities of the American troops. One of the

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young researchers behind the test was a man called David Wexler, who

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later devised the prototype for the IQ tests that we know today. By now,

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a score of 100 to find average intelligence. What we have in the

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collection are some examples of the earliest versions of the test. In

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some cases, their poll words from the dictionary and grade them

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according to difficulty. Can you define Breakfast? A meal at the

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start of the day. A bacon sandwich, probably. The highest one,

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travesty? Me doing that test, with those shapes. You clearly do better

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on verbal questions. They also had ones that were more to do with

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numbers. This one is called picture completion. What is missing?

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bridge on the glasses? Yes. might argue that IQ tests are more

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to do with being good with puzzles than being intelligence. It been

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controversial for years, but it is still used in some schools to

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assess children and, increasingly, at work to evaluate potential

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employee is. They are mainly used to assess an individual's capacity

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to deal with information, take on new information and reason and

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solve problems. But they are only part of the story. You would

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necessarily want to bring somebody in if they haven't also got the

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ability to interact well with colleagues, if they did not bring

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with them great courage, resilience and strength and energy into the

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workplace. There are so many other things, in addition to IQ, that

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I started the film with an IQ test from 100 years ago, so it is only

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fitting that I ended with a test from today. Which Sheikh is the odd

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one out? I got it right, but will you? There will be cries of lots of

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different letters from around the nation. What do you think? No. A?

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You are correct. It is a letter, not a number, A. All right, we will

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move on! Exciting news, you are starring in a gala performance of

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Mamma Mia. I know! It is me and Anneka Rice and Vanessa Feltz, and

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we are doing at Waterloo, which is the final song. I have just had a

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terrible fright! Because it is tomorrow night, and we have hardly

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done any rehearsing. Is it like the classic Children in Need, hit-and-

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hope? I am just going to carry on smiling, if the worst comes to the

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worst, I will just fall of the stage, hide behind somebody else.

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So you have been rehearsing, can you give us a glass? I have to have

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a microphone! # At Waterloo, Napoleon did

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surrender. I think that is enough. Brilliant!

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You should see our microphones, they are all glittery, so exciting.

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The outfits are marvellous. Anneka Rice was saying this is a Jim'll

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Fix It thing, she is beyond excited. Vanessa is so tired, because she

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does about 7,000 jobs, yeah, whatever, we will do that, I will

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remember that. She has got an IQ of about 3,000. Did it take a lot to

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encourage you to do this? The phone call came, do you fancy doing this?

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I went, yeah, that was about it. would have fancied it! Any excuse

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to get up there. And the outfit, I tried it on the day after they had

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figured it out. I am playing Donna, so I am kind of in the yellow-green,

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sort of slightly yellow version of that. There You are in or York

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Glory. Look at that, that was this morning. Look at those little

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things on the bottom mayor. Not my bottom! Yes, it is going to be very

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exciting. He said one of your highlights was interviewing Pierce

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Brosnan and Meryl Streep, who were in the film. Have you taken any

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inspiration from them? Oh, I am going to be out-Meryl Streep Meryl

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Streep, of course I am! And he did not releasing, could he? No, bless

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him. What we are doing, we are doing our dances with the people

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who are doing the other characters, and so they are coming alongside us,

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and then we have got the blokes coming along as well, little pots

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of threes. We have got a little bit of help, that is the choreography,

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but it will probably go out of the window, we will probably be doing

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freelance kind of madness or something. The good news is that

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there are tickets available, and you can see Penny singing her heart

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out. And Anneka Rice and Vanessa Feltz! That is in Mamma Mia to

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support Children in Need, tomorrow night at the Novello Theatre in

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London. You will be fine. figures out today suggests that the

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price of petrol is back up to near record levels. Lucy Siegle has

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spent time on a supertanker that has enough crude oil on board that,

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once refined, could keep your car In its raw form, crude oil is of

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little use to us, but once it is refined, it powers our world. When

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it comes to extracting it, the UK is the largest producer in the EU.

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Even though it may be found in UK waters, we do not actually own it,

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and the government only has the power to tax the companies to

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extract it. Once they pay their taxes, the companies will sell on

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the open market to the highest bidder. The trade always refers to

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prices in terms of barrels. This is a barrel. It carries enough crude

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to produce petrol for 900 miles worth of driving, from London to

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Vienna. Last year, we used 534 million of these in the UK. Around

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367 barrels were produced out of UK waters in the same year. Even if we

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hung on to every drop, it would still not be enough. That leaves us

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having to import around 380 million barrels into the UK just to keep us

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going. On the open market, it is a question of supply and demand. This

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means getting the right sort of oil from the platform, to the refinery,

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and then on to the countries where it is needed. That is the key to

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making money, lots of it. Keeping oil flowing around the world

:20:57.:21:01.

requires a massive feat of logistics that the entire world is

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dependent on, and that is where these things come in. This tanker

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has just docked at the refinery at Milford Haven in west Wales with

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its precious cargo all the way from Liberia. It is around 245 metres in

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length, and it's hell is thought to the brim with nearly 600,000

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barrels of crude oil. That is more than �38 million worth. One 5th of

:21:25.:21:29.

all the oil and gas were used in the UK comes in and out of this

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port and its refineries. What will happen to be drew from this time

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there? The priority it will be for as to turn it into as much diesel

:21:37.:21:44.

as possible and as much kerosene. They are worth the most money in

:21:44.:21:48.

Europe, because there is under capacity of those products. In the

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1970s, as our Abertay the times super-size, so did the ships. --

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hour appetite became a super-size. Few of our ports are deep enough to

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accommodate the ships. Why are they so big? Bigger is definitely

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cheaper, it comes down to economies are scale. The number of crew

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members for a supertanker are the same as a smaller tanker, so there

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are cost benefits. We are talking about 300,000 townships. When they

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are moving along at 15 knots, full of oil, it would take at least 15

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minutes to stop from full speed, which would take the ship another

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two miles along the ocean. these beasts of the EC are not just

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oil MOBOs. With fluctuating prices around the world, they are

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sometimes used as oil stores. The vessels act as holding containers

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out at sea in the hope that the price will go up. They take a huge

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gamble on that, but the rewards can be very high. If the price

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increased $10 per barrel in a 30 day period, on a supertanker cargo

:22:55.:23:00.

of 2 million barrels, they would make $20 million. But the pursuit

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of profits has come at a grave cast. On the 15th February 1996, disaster

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strikes the at Milford Haven. Sea Empress hit rocks at the entrance

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to the waterway. 72,000 tonnes of oil spilled into the sea. The

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clean-up operation cost an estimated �60 million. Marine

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biologist John and witnessed the spill. Black oil dripping from the

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rocks, and then you had the smell. Fishing was suspended immediately,

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millions of birds were killed. There were many serious effects.

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Environmentalists believe that spills around the UK have caused

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the loss of nearly half a million birds. And what is the legacy? It

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looks quite normal. Because it is an expose coastline, very little

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oil went into the shelter to walk away, so most of the oil was taken

:23:56.:24:00.

away. Within five years, studies were finding there was no

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detectable effect. Disasters like the one at Milford Haven forced

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changes to the safety requirements for these tankers. All ships must

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now have a double hole, an extra layer of protection against Russia,

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in case they should ever run aground. But while that has

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improved safety, it can never eliminate the risk of future

:24:20.:24:26.

pollution at sea. In the short term, the tide is not for turning on this

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great global energy flow. Worldwide, tankers and ships some 2 billion

:24:30.:24:34.

barrels every year, and as long as our addiction continues, ships like

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these will carry on crossing the world to feed our insatiable

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appetite for oil. That was terrible, what happened

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there at Milford Haven. Now a brighter story, when you think of a

:24:48.:24:52.

dusty quarry, newts, voles, peregrine falcons hardly spring to

:24:52.:24:56.

mind. But this sort of wildlife is bringing joy to the workers at one

:24:57.:25:02.

quarry in Cumbria. With much wildlife actively

:25:02.:25:07.

steering clear of people and noise, some animals have decided to do

:25:07.:25:12.

exactly the opposite and rewrite the rule book on making their home

:25:12.:25:22.
:25:22.:25:25.

Despite the incredible noise, dust and vehicles, this limestone quarry

:25:26.:25:33.

in Cumbria has wildlife literally coming out of its scenes. There are

:25:33.:25:35.

kestrels, nudes and rare butterflies, and according to Steve

:25:35.:25:39.

Khumbu batch, who has worked here for 14 years, they seem to have

:25:39.:25:46.

learnt to work with them. It is so noisy, why are they thriving?

:25:46.:25:50.

of us work here, and they get used to us and the machines, and

:25:50.:25:53.

basically nobody bothers with them, we just get on with what we have

:25:53.:25:58.

got to do. It is an act of worry, you are blasting new faces for the

:25:58.:26:04.

time. How does the wildlife cope? We sound the siren three times, and

:26:04.:26:08.

funnily enough the birds will leave on the third siren. When we sound

:26:08.:26:12.

the all-clear, about five minutes later, they all come back in again.

:26:12.:26:18.

Are you serious? Yes, they tend to know to get out. That is wild life

:26:18.:26:23.

for you, Super can he. While the blasting clearly rips huge holes in

:26:23.:26:28.

the landscape, the wildlife has decided that the cliff faces are

:26:28.:26:32.

similar to their traditional nesting sites and have moved in of.

:26:32.:26:37.

We call these animals around, these hard men of rock have gone soft on

:26:37.:26:41.

their wildlife. I think we are looking at a peregrine falcon that

:26:41.:26:46.

is not quite an adult yet. I think you could be right, that looks like

:26:46.:26:51.

last year's juvenile. Has that been hanging around with the parents?

:26:51.:26:54.

Yes, three of them have been hanging around all the time, on the

:26:54.:27:00.

same face, 10 yards apart from each other. The previous year's Young

:27:00.:27:03.

will naturally disperse, but occasionally one may return and be

:27:03.:27:09.

allowed to stay to help Rea the following year's brood. But up at

:27:09.:27:12.

the top of the cliffs, the grasslands have attracted in

:27:12.:27:19.

another predator. This male kestrel is hovering beautifully on the

:27:19.:27:26.

updrafts coming up from the quarry. The kestrel is feeding about

:27:26.:27:32.

classic limestone grassland, home to a great variety of plants. It is

:27:32.:27:37.

food for many species of butterfly, including this rare one. With his

:27:37.:27:42.

kestrel hovering, it looks like the grassland is also home to mice and

:27:42.:27:46.

voles as well. But it is not just the upper regions of the quarry

:27:46.:27:49.

that are home to wild life. These huge craters have opportunist

:27:49.:27:55.

residents, too. This is one of the most amazing ponds I have ever seen,

:27:55.:28:00.

it is stacked full of newts, isn't it? Yes, there are lot of them, on

:28:00.:28:05.

the last survey we counted about 300, and there are a couple of

:28:05.:28:10.

great crested newts. The pond life is fantastic. Where have they come

:28:10.:28:16.

from? Along power axis road at the top of the quarry, we have a big

:28:16.:28:21.

pond. -- a long hour access road. I think what has happened is that

:28:21.:28:25.

they have come through the faces and dropped down into the quarry

:28:25.:28:30.

and took this over as a habitat. the nudes are protected, they will

:28:30.:28:35.

be moved once work starts here again to my pond and a quiet,

:28:35.:28:40.

disused area of the site. It must be marvellous to have views like

:28:40.:28:45.

this every day. It is, really, one of the perks of the job.

:28:45.:28:49.

Indeed, a very big thank you for all of the messages you have been

:28:49.:28:54.

sending in, Andy Murray has united the nation. This is John in

:28:54.:29:01.

Manchester during Andy on, excellent hat! My wife and I did

:29:01.:29:06.

not get time to see the match, but we listened intently! That is

:29:06.:29:11.

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