25/01/2013 The One Show


25/01/2013

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Hello and welcome to The One Show, with Chris Evans. And Alex Jones.

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Why are you laughing? You are waving or people you don't know!

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May we congratulate Andy Murray on getting through to the Australian

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Open final! You can watch it tomorrow on BBC One -- on Sunday on

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BBC One. In Scotland, you can celebrate with a wee dram this

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Burns Night. If you are in Wales, today it is Saint Dwynwen's Day.

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The Welsh Valentine's Day. Do you ever consider what is life? Or the

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time. What have you come up with? Well, it is a collection of

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chemical processes that can harness the flow of energy and build

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molecules. Life persists because one molecule, deoxyribonucleic acid,

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carries information which gets passed on from generation to

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generation. That was brilliantly read! Just to check, we brought

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Professor Brian Cox along. Good evening. Perfect. It was correct?

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Yes, absolutely. I think I recognised it! Did you write it?

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Her I think so! Your new show starts on Sunday, The Wonders Of

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Life. Before we get to that, it is very cold at the moment, some

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fantastic photographs. How do waterfalls in full flow freeze?

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is a very difficult question. Water, if you look at the glass, you

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probably think it is the simplest substance in the universe. We don't

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understand water, it is incredibly complicated. The molecules stick

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together in all sorts of different ways. If you cool them down, they

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stick together in different forms of vice. About 30 different forms

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of ice. You are seeing one of the most complex substances in the

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universe behaving in a funny way. Without it, a biology would not

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work. We think water is a necessary thing for all life, anywhere in the

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universe, there has to be liquid water because it is so complex.

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Have you ever said anything approaching that intelligent? I

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haven't! I am trying to decipher what you said. Last night it was

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pretty cold. Cavendish in Suffolk was minus ten degrees and it is

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going to be there or thereabouts this evening. What are the best

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ways to keep toasty when it is numbingly nippy outside? Here are

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Favourite tips for keeping warm at night is a roaring fire. I wear

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layers. I am a size zero underneath all this! Gloves and socks, lots of

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socks. I have a ones the which has a little had. It has big feet as

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well. It doesn't have a tale. All the way up. You chasing me around

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the room! I have a fan heater. It is about keeping warm. I always

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make sure I feel like toast. Go to the pub and drink some beer. A hot

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toddy if it is really cold. little glass of milk with a shot of

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whisky. A bit of rum. A hot-water bottle. Lots of warm food.

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Yorkshire pudding, roast potatoes, mash. They put the pounds on, but

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that is best. The best thing is to have a lot of pets and get them all

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in their bed with you. However many in the family, however many pets,

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you can't beat live creatures. Creature comforts! Lovely earmuffs!

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They do say it is easier to stay warm than get warm. We heard that

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last week. When I had my market stall, we used to hire three boards

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to put on the metal frame and then you would pay a fiver for an extra

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board to stand on. Standing on something other than the earth

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makes you so much warmer. Why is that? Heat conduction, simple.

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course! You've made television shows about the universe, the solar

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system and now you're looking at The Wonders Of Life. Where do you

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start with the subject this big? The first programme is called what

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his life? It is a good question. There was a famous physicist,

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shredding a, who wrote a book about it. He wrote a book called What is

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life in the 1940s. In the previous series we said the universe tends

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to fall to bits, everything gets more messy. But life seems to run

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opposite to that. Human beings are the most complex things we know of

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in the universe. For solar system is a cloud of gas and dust a 5

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billion years ago, it collapsed and the Sun and planets formed. 5

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billion years later you get human beings looking up at the upper

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limit -- solar system and understanding the universe. How

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does that happen? How can dust become ask? Can you summit up? --

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some it up. A we are beginning to be up to answer those questions.

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When I did biology at school in the 1980s, I had not a good

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understanding of this stuff. It has been transformed as a subject, some

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really new ideas about how life began 3.8 million -- 3.8 billion

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years ago and how it became more complex. It is quite well known now,

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which it wasn't a few decades ago. Even though you are known for your

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physics, for his ignited your interest in biology. It did. When I

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learnt it originally, it was not a precision subject. You talked about

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fossils and things. Now, with DNA sequencing, you can see our DNA

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really cheaply and fast, you can start reading the history of life.

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At the level of molecules in DNA. It is a fascinating story. You say

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there is scientific reincarnation. There's as much energy now as there

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was when the Big Bang occurred because it exchanges form? Yes.

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What are we doing? What are we doing? We are not using energy. We

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stay the same temperature, we eat the food and we use it for

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something and then we radiated back as heat. We do something. We

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maintain this incredibly ordered structure, our brains and our

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bodies. That is one of the key questions. How do we maintain this?

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Temporarily, for 80 years or so, if we are lucky, that is the big

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question. The fact that we know bits of the answer I found

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fascinating. The trail to promote this series includes a song by Eric

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Idle called for galaxies on. Did you making? You re wrote it. - of a

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Galaxy Song. Some facts were wrong. I met him in America and he is

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interested in physics. He said, you scientists have ruined my song. So

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much trouble on the internet. He wrote it in the 1980s and he was

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right when he wrote it. The song is evolving! He said to me, I said,

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can we re write it? A brilliant trainer. He has a taste of it. --

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# Just remember you're a tiny little person on a planet. In the

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universe expanded and immense. # Life began evolving and

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dissolving and resolving into deep primordial motions by the

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hydrothermal vents. # Almost 5 billion years ago from

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out of a collapsing cloud of gas. # Through life which was quite new

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and eventually led to you Benoni 3.5 billion years or less. -- in

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only. My director said just have a wander around. Just over there is

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the pride of lions with young cubs so the mothers are very protective.

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Just wander around a bit! Wonders of life starts this Sunday at 9pm

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after the break new series of Top Gear returns. The book is out now.

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Brian knows a little thing or two about physics. At One Show, we did

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our toe into the paddling pool of science from time to time and we

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think the professor will be impressed with his next film.

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On his 31st birthday, Tim Reddish was diagnosed with a degenerative

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eye disease. If can you see any of the plate? I couldn't tell you. If

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you hadn't let me touch it, I couldn't tell you. Within 10 years

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he was almost completely blind. suffers from a blinding disease

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that affects approximately one in 4,000 people in the UK. At the back

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of our eyes we have light-sensitive cells called photo receptors. In

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this disease, these gradually die and eventually the patient becomes

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blind. Tim is about to undergo a pioneering procedure which could

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help him see again. Surgeons will implant a tiny chip to take over

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from his diseased retina, effectively giving him a bionic eye.

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We will implant the electronic chip at the back of Tim's I underneath

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his retina. -- eye. As well as the chip, we also need a power supply

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to switch it on and we put that and the electronics behind his beer. If

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this is a computer powering a chip and that is the cable that connects

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the chip to the eye. The chip is packed with 1,500 electronic photo

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receptors which will replace the dead cells in Tim's eye. Hopefully

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I will be able to see some things in more detail. Maybe on the table

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or be up to see Val's face. Her I'm not sure how I feel! Maybe he sees

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me as a beautiful 20-year-old! a handful of patients have had the

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surgery. Technically it is extremely challenging. We have to

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place the chip in a critical position, probably half a

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millimetre either side would make a big difference in terms of what the

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patient's vision would be. We are working very closely to the optic

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nerve, which we can't touch at. Specialist James ransom performs

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the first part of the operation. We've been getting ready for the

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power unit behind the ear. Underneath the scalp muscles, we

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drilled a recess in the skull for the implant. Once the preparatory

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work is done, Professor McLaren takes over. I've been making a

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channel to link back the eye to the side of the head. Now of a power

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supply and cabling can be fixed in place. Ready for the microchip to

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be threaded into the back of Tim's eye. But first the secretary will

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have to be tested to ensure it is working. So far, there's no

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OK, keeper like this for a moment. -- keep it. At last it starts to

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work. It will take Professor McClaren nearly four hours to

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manoeuvre the microchip to the most light-sensitive part of the retina.

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The next part of the operation is very delicate. You put the chip

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into the back of the eye. Set exactly under the part of the eye

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where we do most of our seeing. A tiny spot where the sensitivity is

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greatest. The chip is finely positioned a millimetre away from

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the vital optic nerves that should relay the new electronic images to

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the brain. We finished inside for eye. The chip is in perfect

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position. It took a long time to get exactly right, but we are very

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happy. We will be worried until we see it working, obviously. Tim will

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need to recover from surgery before the implant can be turned on and

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fine-tuned, but if the operation has worked, he could be seen again

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been a matter of months. Giving him the ability to make out shapes or

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see his wife's face is an incredible medical breakthrough.

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But who knows where this amazing technology could take us in the

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future? He tin is here at with his wife and Professor McClaren. What

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difference have you noticed? You had the operation in October.

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we had the units switched on to see if everything worked in November.

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There's a bit of trauma we have to settle down, but I've been able to

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have artificial vision through light perception. Light reflection

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of different objects and things. The example is that in the

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laboratory testing, I can pick out objects on the table that I could

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not see before and even distinguish something that might be a certain

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shape. At home, I can see light sources through the patio window

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and the blinds and different things. It helps me orientate, which I

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could not to. It is early days, but it is quite exciting and it is

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unbelievable what we can do. Have you seen a changing your man?

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really! He's always been determined. He has any fast off he will make it

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work. You said he is as naughty as ever. God, yes! Or do you mean?

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Will this vision improve the more it gets used? We hope so. Things

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happen with the chip. It is parts - - part of our studies. What we

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seeing on the screen? You can see the black and white, grainy image

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that patients will see. You were quite a reluctant guinea-pig for a

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bit of a bizarre reason. I have done a lot of great things. It has

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not stop me doing the things I want to do. I believe the only person

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who tells me and cannot do something is me. Will it make a

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difference? Why do I need to do it? After long thought and discussions

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and research, it is about the future. Young people with my eye

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condition may have better opportunities in the future. It is

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about me helping to develop it and giving analytical feed back to help

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youngsters of the future to have had free more vision than I have

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had in my life. Are you aware of this operation before you had met

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Tim? No. In the series, we did virtually a whole programme on best.

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Every living thing shares the same visual system. Certainly the light

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sensors. That is what you have replaced. Even algae has this. Also,

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there seems to be a link between intelligence and vision. About a

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third of a brain is take -- taken up processing visual information.

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Where is the common answers to between us and octopus? It was

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about 600 million years ago when there were no eyes and no brains

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yet it has eyes which are similar to our cells. He is up to be it! --

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ourselves. He is too good! Physicists recently provided a

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complex mathmatical formula to describe how the subject matter of

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our next film develops. So, can the expert in the room please reveal

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what we're talking about? Tonight, we are talking about the

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cauliflower. Its first light on the stunning coastline of Cornwall,

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perfect harvesting conditions for a traditional vegetable. Mark Twain

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called the cauliflower nothing but the carried -- cabbage with a

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college education. I love them. They certainly are not boring.

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Consider their pedigree. Believed to have been introduced to Europe

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from Cyprus 2000 years ago, they spread around northern Europe in

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the 16th century. In the 1970s, French farmers started Brittany

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Ferries to send their cauliflowers across the Channel. Hardly boring!

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Why is Cornwall so good for growing cauliflowers? Because of its ideal

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climate. We always have a lovely warming breeze going over the

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shores and keeping the cauliflowers frost-free. Are they a big part of

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the Cornish economy? Yes. It really took off in about 1867 when the

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Great Western Railway eventually arrived in Penzance. It opened the

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whole of the UK market to the cauliflower industry. In the 1930s,

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10 trains a day left Cornwall full of cauliflowers to national markets.

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At they did fall out of favour when rivals like Munch to came on the

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scene. -- managed to it. -- mange touts. Today there are still

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Because the cauliflowers in this crop were not all mature at the

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same time, the cutters have to be highly experienced at spotting

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which ones are ready. This one will meet the size that is required for

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the supermarkets. How long have you been doing this? 45 years. You must

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be tired! I have a few more years left yet. The farmers grow

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cauliflowers with care, so let them individually and rush the perfect

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vegetables to the shops. -- select them individually. I travelled to

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St Michael's Mount to meet a Michelin-starred chef. I thought it

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would be quite fun to do a cauliflower where we make a pastry

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and we'd take it whole. Almost like the salt baked cauliflower. -- we

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bake. It is cooked whole and it retains a lot of flavour of the

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inside it. Do you despair when you see people chopping up a

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cauliflower, leaving it in boiling water for a few weeks to cooked

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down to a mulch? Yes. I think it does get the used. People

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misunderstand it. -- are abused. But it insulted water for three,

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four minutes. It does not need any more than that. The cauliflower can

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steam bake inside. What else have you got? It is quite simple. Some

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deep fried cauliflower leaves. I think they are delicious. I am

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making a cauliflower, cashew nuts and Parmesan pesto. Most people do

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not realise you can eat the leaves as well. The whole baked

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cauliflower is full of flavour. Anybody who doubts the versatility

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of cauliflower needs to try these dishes. If all you have ever had

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his cauliflower boiled to death, you really do not know what you are

:21:59.:22:09.

missing. You do not. It is buried under celebrated. Or cauliflower

:22:09.:22:19.
:22:19.:22:19.

tractors are the best in the world. -- all. That film is dedicated to

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all Colin Flowers, who are watching the film. This is a great way to

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use up all your leftover cheese. did not know it was leftover

:22:31.:22:38.

cheese! I know he has put some special West Country cheddar in

:22:38.:22:43.

there. The other thing, Dijon mustard. But this being fought in

:22:43.:22:53.
:22:53.:22:53.

your sauce and its punches it up. - - put a spoonful in your sauce.

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is superb! I am dressed up to give it a sense of occasion. I am going

:23:01.:23:07.

have to dinner afterwards! This is another kind of cauliflower. Does

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it not demonstrate the joy of the practical? If you look at different

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scales. This pattern, the structure, is repeating and repeating. The big

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one is made up of smaller versions of the big thing and so on. These

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things go on for ever. They get smaller and smaller. It is like

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nature's infinity tube. I remember those nights when you used to go to

:23:41.:23:51.

that place. You have a formula for cauliflowers. It is monstrous and

:23:51.:23:56.

complicated. Several gentlemen spent a long time working that out.

:23:56.:24:04.

I think you should just rode the cauliflower. It is a mathematical

:24:04.:24:13.

description of the shape. -- growth a cauliflower. It is a very famous

:24:13.:24:18.

structure. It is a complicated thing that goes on for ever. This

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is a bit more complicated. anyone find a subject that Brian

:24:24.:24:34.
:24:34.:24:34.

knows nothing about? I will teach him how to cut grass. You have been

:24:34.:24:40.

cooking today, haven't you? This morning I was taught how to make

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cauliflower rice. You chop it up, put in tune in, turmeric, salt and

:24:47.:24:56.

pepper, season it, put it in the microwave for four minutes. It is

:24:56.:25:02.

delicious cauliflower rice. That film was made yesterday and you are

:25:02.:25:12.
:25:12.:25:19.

still wearing the same sweater. How is it? I think it is fantastic

:25:19.:25:25.

that you have a career in television. This is really

:25:25.:25:31.

interesting. I did not measure how much spice I put in. I could not

:25:31.:25:37.

have told. Cauliflower ears and incredible thing. There are lots of

:25:37.:25:47.
:25:47.:25:48.

things you can do with it. It is very good. Thank you very much. On

:25:48.:25:55.

Monday, we popped into Chris's radio show to help launch the 500

:25:55.:26:01.

words story competition. Nastier, 74,000 children dead. Matt

:26:01.:26:09.

Allwright has been out and about. - - children did. I like reading

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magical books. It expands my imagination. The one I am reading

:26:17.:26:23.

right now is about dragons. I want to write something like one of the

:26:23.:26:32.

books I have read. It would be amazing. Just how many birds is

:26:32.:26:38.

bide hundred words? If you are typing, about three-quarters of a

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:26:49.:26:50.

side of Aat 4. -- many words is 500. I have been to this school to try

:26:50.:26:56.

to inspire this class. I have written the introduction. As he

:26:56.:27:03.

steered in his pyjamas, staring in the mirror, Matt knew that his life

:27:03.:27:11.

would never be the Same Again. This primary school teacher was a judge

:27:11.:27:18.

last year. Any tips? Put pen to paper. Let the ideas spill out of

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the pen. It used to what it means to write 500 words. -- get used. Do

:27:27.:27:33.

not go over the top. Someone who knows all about successful writing

:27:33.:27:39.

it is this woman. She began writing her book when she was 17 years old.

:27:39.:27:42.

Why do you think that some kids and some people think they cannot write

:27:42.:27:49.

and it is not for them? They are not reader's first. The link

:27:49.:27:54.

between reading and writing is natural. I enjoy reading, why don't

:27:54.:28:01.

I tried to produce my own? In fiction, there is room for

:28:02.:28:07.

imagination. Also direct experience. The best writing is in the detail.

:28:08.:28:15.

There is always something for you to see again. I am back. Remember

:28:15.:28:20.

how the story started. Matt knew that his life would never be the

:28:20.:28:26.

same again. He lifted his head up and stared around him. There were

:28:26.:28:32.

millions and billions of little orange blobs sparing -- staring at

:28:32.:28:39.

him. Surrey, I spilt my new potion on your mirror. There you have it.

:28:39.:28:48.

Some rather bizarre and wonderful stories. All written in just 30

:28:48.:28:53.

minutes. Well done! For all the terms and conditions, go to the

:28:53.:29:00.

Radio 2 website. Thank you so much. You are going to this dinner

:29:00.:29:06.

tonight. What is it? It is the particle Physics Action Group. That

:29:06.:29:15.

is what it is. It is all professions. -- professors. It is

:29:15.:29:20.

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