25/10/2011 The One Show

Hello and welcome to the One Show, with Matt Baker. And Alex Jones. I

think we should let tonight's guest introduce himself. I'm delighted to

welcome back one of my favourite comedians, who secretly wears

women's underwear... He is popular now but what will he do when his

looks go? That's what I want to know... It is of course the

wonderful Graham Norton. A big week for you, you have met one of your

idols of all time, Madonna. I know, I have never met her before. They

were doing a screening of her film at the weekend and there were

drinks beforehand. It was kind of like, she may be there. But it was

weird, she walked in and everyone was on it. Somebody dragged me over

to meet her. It is pathetic, I am nearly 50 years old, but it was

kind of religious. I walked away a bit oh! Is it true you can't look

her in the eyes? We had a photograph taken and I did put my

arm round her, I touched her and I thought is this wrong? Is it very

bad? Did you get the picture? Somebody took it, but I haven't

seen it. We will do a call-out. Actually, we have got a picture.

Have a look at this. That is not it. It isn't. It is Ruby Wax's body.

wasn't wearing that! You like doing the unexpected on your show so we

have taken a leaf out of your book tonight. We have some surprises for

you later in the show. Nothing scary. Just down snow. Now Dan Snow

is here to tell us about some of the biggest mysteries in history,

and the daddy of them all is probably Stonehenge. How and why

Stonehenge was built has baffled historians for thousands of years.

But now one engineer has attempted to prove how the world famous

stones ended up in a remote field in Wiltshire. Dick Strawbridge took

the One Show cameras to watch him test his theory.

Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain, a neolithic burial site of ancient

Britons. A site seemingly steeped in religious significance. The

Stones weighed on average 25 tonnes. The smaller stones were here first,

but current thinking is they come from south-west Wales, over 150

miles away as the crow flies. For a long time we have believed that men

transported the Stones, but what this geologist believes turns that

idea on its head. We know about Stonehenge from the time we grow up

as small children, heroic neolithic ancestors carrying these stones

from Wales to Stonehenge. That is a totally unnecessary hypothesis in

my view, because we have a simpler explanation and that is that the

Stones have been carried by its ice. We know the ice moved across the

Bristol challenge, -- the Bristol Channel. The ice brought the stones

to within striking distance of Stonehenge, and people have to

simply collect them all. So more of the explanations of how they might

have been transported far as mysterious as the stones themselves.

They used stone ball bearings, where they were shaped into perfect

spheres and working together they can be running tracers in a rail

and roll like wheels. The way this works, we have tracks on the bottom.

Put these three drilled things on top and this defines the width. The

balls fit into the rail, here, and then this moves forward. As it

comes out the back, you put it to the front. And this is a pale,

quite impressive! I have a major issue jumping from finding symbols

in Scotland to making something as elegant as this. If they are smart

enough to do that, this is not that big a leap. There was one guy who

may disagree with these ideas. He has his own theory. It has been put

to the test by moving stones in Yorkshire. His approach has to be

the most novel yet. The principle is we are going to roll it, and to

do that we are going to make it cylindrical. The rock is inside a

giant basket, and we roll the basket. Hello! Tell me about this

rock. It is one hell of a rock. The you have two - and inside and

canalside basket. This is dead weight, but I ran out of we've.

This is like a giant tyre. What evidence have you? There is a lot

of evidence for woven structures, they are used for fencing, road

surfaces. There is more evidence for this than anything else.

many people do you think it took to move this? Minimum 10, but I think

about 20. These men at the back will push it, they will start it

off, these will take the attention on the rope. As soon as it comes

off the plinth, we are off. Keep it going! Keep it going, keep it going,

we are in a hole! There is a slight dip in the field but there is

enough manpower to move it. This is not easy. Lookout the basket on the

side, it is not supposed to be moving like that. You can see it is

all flexing. Are you happy? Absolutely, it is 20 metres. Do you

think it is the way our ancestors did it? It is a possible way. If I

was knocking around all that time ago, that is how I would have done

it. We may never known how our ancestors moved the stones but

trying to work it out is great fun. It could have been very painful if

he caught his moustache while moving the stones. Which theory do

you back? I'm not sure if I back any of those. What about simply

putting logs underneath. You bring it on boats, they are great because

they can carry very heavy object. What do I know? Have you been to

Stonehenge, Graham? I have, I went so long ago you could just wander

through it, they didn't have the ropes. It was quite new with them.

Your theory of getting the stones there? Whatever! I didn't trust

anyone in that film. I wouldn't let them look after my dogs, never mind

transport locks. The final resting place of Sir Francis Drake has been

in the news, hasn't it? Is he a great hero of English seafaring, or

the most awful pirate who roamed the sea? He was the first English

man to sail round the world, he came back laden with gold and

treasure. Queen Elizabeth invested in his enterprises, but he was also

a fierce and pirate, and the hundreds of years children in Spain

were told they should behave themselves or he should be on to

them. He died of dysentery in the Caribbean, they now think they have

discovered some of his fleet and they think his coffin might be

somewhere near. There's no doubting the bravery of

our servicemen made during the Second World War, but Angellica

Bell has been to Cardiff to discover how pure girl power and a

lot of hot air helped in the battle against Hitler. One of the most

extraordinary sides during World War Two was that of the huge

balloon garages that hovered above cities and ports, creating a

protective shield against German bombers. It was vulnerable

locations like docks where they were placed. Their job was to

protect shipping from attack, and about 100 balloons squadrons had

the job of keeping them afloat. balloons had a cable attached to

them, to which a bomb was attached. If they were struck, they would

blow off. They were lethal devices. They forced aircraft to fly higher,

and therefore bombing was less accurate. Once they got to 5000 ft,

they were in the range of our fighters. You have brought a

section of a balloon today. Yes, the nose cap. It is made of a

rubberised fabric, and it floats. This is a port hole so people could

look inside and make sure the internal structures were correct.

Up to 3000 balloons were in use, each won twice the length of a

London bus. Early in the war, male servicemen have the task of

maintaining and flying the balloons, but in 1941 it was realised that

women could also do the job and a recruitment drive began. 91 year-

old Dora joined the Women's Auxiliary Air Force in 1941 and

volunteered for the Balloon Squadron. She was posted all over

the country, including Cardiff. They wanted women to take the place

of 7000 men, so I thought that is the job to do. Tying knots... I

think it was a very hard job to do. Each day you were given an order,

and how high your balloon was going to be because all of the balloons

were not at the same height. balloons were fitted with

explosives, it meant women took on a more aggressive role during the

war. Even though she had volunteered, she took her role very

seriously. What sort of Sergeant were you - were you bossy? Yes,

they told me they could hear me the other side of the camp. If I said

anything, they have to do it. night, one of her crew went to the

ballet instead of doing her shift, so Dora held her at this castle.

The next day she was handed to the offices to be disciplined. When you

were one short, you were one short. That is not good enough. There was

a war on and she should have realised the war comes before the

ballet. They saved lives, didn't they? Yes, they forced the German

aircraft to change their behaviour, avoid balloon areas, and kept the

enemy at the height where they could not bomb accurately. Women

were crucial to the operation. Was it a special time in your life?

was. It will always be remembered. A crucial role in keeping Britain

saved during the war pushed the women of the Balloon Squadrons to

the limit. The Ministry of Information said this is

undoubtedly the hardest of jobs undertaken by the women in this war,

but they tackled it and succeeded at it.

We are going to put you in a balloon for Children in Need now.

Really? That is not true. Did you think that was true? I did believe

you for a second. Graham, you're show was back last

Friday with Kate Winslett, Rob Brydon and Jamie Bell all on the

sofa together. How do you decide who will go well together? Does the

mix sometimes go wrong? Sometimes people don't get on. It is kind of

chicken and egg. You end up looking somebody and you build a show

around them. Alan Sugar and Pamela Stephenson were on and he clearly

just doesn't have the wanting to be liked Jean! He was really horrible

to her. It was folly. It was interesting on Friday, Kate

Winslett revealed a lot about the fire at Richard Branson's house.

jumped up and ran towards the fire because I thought I could put it

out! I ran towards the flames and realised no, because in another few

minutes we will all be dead. My children were standing at their

bedroom door and I said to them it is fine, go back inside for two

minutes and closed the door. Then I ran into the bedroom and put on a

bra! Very sensible, you don't want to go out without a bra. Dolly part

and apparently slept with her wake on her bedside table in case of

hotel fires. What would you save if you had the chance? I would get the

dogs and maybe some Leeds so they were not run over by a fire engine,

but apart from that you just kind You record your show, how long do

you record for? We record... It varies. Sometimes we record twice

as much as you see, we try not to do that. We do record substantially

more, and then they do an amazing job of knitting it altogether. But

we run it as live, we don't stop and start, we just a chat on.

Sometimes some of the chat is a bit boring, and you take that out!

Sometimes the conversation is generated. Yes, it is the thing

when people talk to each other. My favourite bits are when I am not

talking, they are just chatting. I can get on with my wine! We have

had some guests who are very hard to contain. Liza Meena Lee. Yes,

you never know what you're going to get. She is chatty! She is

enthusiastic! But away from telly, you are an agony uncle. We have got

a message from somebody who do -- does have a few problems. I think

they need your help. Drink! Drink! Currells! De earls! And a nice fat

duck! What is the diagnosis?! May be a last drink, drink, drink! Is

here in Emmerdale now? Not any more. He showed up in that at one point.

Or Coronation Street? Am I making this up? He has got another

question for you. Do you not get bored poncing around on British

television over there? Back home, we will give you a bucket of

porridge, shut your mouth! I think he is asking... I can understand!

Can you not understand that? He was saying, do we not get bored on

British television. No, I like British television, I am very lucky

to be on it! The Graham Norton Show continues on Friday. And that was

Father Jack Hackett, for those who have not seen Father Ted! Last

night, we revealed that Matt had decided to peddle all the way from

Edinburgh to London in a rickshaw to raise money for Children in Need.

Today, I fell off twice. I went around a corner. Second time, I was

hit by a car. I was. Is this day one of training? I ended up in the

gutter. You need to donate �50 to Children in Need! I thought you

were looking a bit grumpy in the meeting! Tyre marks in his head!

you want to donate, you can text I have a phone, I would do it after.

Messages will cost �5 plus your standard network charge, and �5

goes to Children in Need. recently featured a very moving

story of a woman whose life had been transformed by Childline.

was one of the thousands of youngsters who have benefited from

the support of the charity over the past 25 years. Esther Rantzen is

here, explaining why the battle for children's rights is far from won.

Childline exists for children who are being hurt and abused. We want

to be able to tell them their ordeal is over, but if they want

their abusers to be tried for their crimes, in my opinion, their ordeal

may just be beginning. I believe the way we treat our children in

court rooms is quite, quite wrong. After all, trials were designed by

adults for adults, to frighten them into telling the truth. But what it

does to children is modelled them, confuse them, intimidate them, and

all too often, silence them. There have been some reforms, like the

use of the video link soak children do not have to face the abuser. But

still they have to be cross- examined live during the trial. So

if a child is very young or has been very badly hurt, the lawyer's

will think they cannot withstand it and the case will be dropped, which

means another abuser walks free. Police figures suggest that in over

80% of sexual abuse cases involving children, the abuses are never

taken to court for their crimes. In some other countries, children are

cross-examined before the trial outside the courtroom. I agree with

the experts to say that if we want justice to be done, we must reform

our legal system. In 2009 there was a landmark case, the youngest ever

witness in the Old Bailey. She had been abused by one of the men who

killed baby Peter Connolly, and in her cross-examination she was asked

to define the difference between truth and lies. But this little

girl was only three years old. This detective Chief Superintendent his

head of the unit to dock with that case. The young girl in question

gave evidence in the Old Bailey over three days. That child was

asked questions which confused it, she was at times unable to answer,

and that at times has highlighted the need -- need for some change.

But the Appeal Court ruled that she was credible, which was a crucial

step forward. But still, children are being cross-examined in our

courts as if they are adults. case recently, a child was asked a

question, it didn't happen, did it? I don't know if you saw no is the

right answer to that. -- yes or no. That sort of question can

completely throw a child. Children, like anyone else, could lie or

remember incorrectly. But there is no point muddling them or

frightening them if we really want the truth. One mother remembers her

daughter giving evidence in a sex abuse trial as incredibly traumatic.

The whole court case took a year to come to the court. She was told she

was lying 13 times. This is not the way to talk to a child. If you want

the truth, cross-examination is the last wave. They have to address the

whole system. It is crawl to the child. -- cruel. Some improvements

have been made, but the cross- examination in open court still

remains. Everyone is entitled to a fair trial, but I believe the

current system is unfair to the The Ministry of Justice told us

today that their children will only give evidence if necessary, and

every step is taken to make sure it will be as easy as possible. But

surely, it is unfair for the defendants if children were not

made to go to court, because sometimes, their evidence might not

be reliable. You can test of their evidence by cross-examining the

child somewhere else, like Judge's Chambers, and that was recommended

back in 1989. That was -- U test all evidence, but whenever an

abuser denies it, the charge has to give evidence, and that is where

80% of cases in which the police and social services think their

child has been abused, it doesn't go to course. -- record. That

cannot be right. Childline gives children a voice, but would you say

that the Ferrales case is now than 25 years ago? The trouble is abuse

is a secret crime, so we don't know what the statistics are. But I have

written a book to celebrate the 25 years, available from your nearest

bookshop. Royalties go to Childline. In it there are stories told to me

by young adults who have experienced terrible cruelty and

pain in their childhood, but the phone call to Childline made all

the difference. It gave them the hope, transformed their lives,

moved them to a place of safety. And then they decided to give

something back. What I learnt was, there is an upward spiral. We know

about the downward spiral, when children who have been abused go on

to abuse their own children. But the upward spiral is the children

who receive help go on to help others. They go into teaching, they

go into charity, social services. It is really a message of hope in

my book, which I had not anticipated. Thank you. All the

very best for the campaign. It is time to go back to Somerset, to see

what Mike and Miranda have found in people's Gardens after dark. Have

you noticed something strange in your garden? What?! Was alive,

boxes! -- wildlife, boxes. I get urban foxes, the same as everyone

else, legions of them. Let's see what Mike and Miranda spotted in

Bathampton. It is day two here, we have read

day series of gardens with specialist cameras which give us 24

hour coverage. At number 61, Jenny and Ben are rigid -- rigid see what

we have captured. We have three of It is a fox. The lovely thing is,

this box is in fabulous conditions. It has a beautiful bushy-tailed and

the coat is fantastic. It is a badger, correct! You see when it

wanders off, they have got such an amazing date when they jog away.

Finally, one last animal. What is that? It is a deer. Yes, I can't

believe it! This is a female deer, a dove. You have the most beautiful

view. It is a great start to the week,

but in this garden in daylight hours, bad at Russell has a wild

life dilemma. You have an issue with you squirrels, I understand?

Yes, I'm not sure it is an issue, because we love to see them, but we

also love to put food out for the birds, but this quarrels like it as

well. They are really having a go Right, this is going to be your

solution, I hope. Squirrels are very determined, but they will

conserve energy were of a possible, and they like to take a short cut.

Instead of annoying through this to get to the feed inside, they have a

specially designed feed, they have to help themselves, away they go.

But I also have a secret ingredient to make sure they stay of the bird

feeder. Many bird species have a fairly poor sense of taste,

chickens only have 24 taste buds. But squirrels have a more delicate

palate, so if I had a bit of chilli powder, shake it up a bit, for it

back in. -- reported back in. This should keep them at bay, but the

birds should feed, unaware of my secret ingredient! We will see how

well it works later in the week. This pond is a haven for

dragonflies. They are whizzing all over the place, chasing down their

prey. They can fly at up to 20 mph. To find out exactly which species

live here, I really need to get up close. Dragonflies often hang out

around the pond age, to lay eggs or bask on the rocks. With a bit of

patience, if you can lie motionless, it is possible to get some

privileged encounters. And after 20 minutes, one comes right in. That

is a Southern Hawker dragonfly. It has just landed on my leg! Those

green and black stripes, or groups, Tommy straight away it is a

Southern Hawker dragonfly. And then in front of my nose, the most

spectacular sight. It is a female! It is laying eggs. On the Rock.

That is the closest you. It is We will have more tomorrow. I think

they are going to move to Bathampton now! Thank you for

joining us tonight. Your show is on Friday at Ten deadly 5:00pm. Who is