31/08/2011 The One Show


31/08/2011

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Alex! Alex, where are you? Here she is. I've found her. Shouldn't you

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be in the studio right now? You're on air soon. Don't worry, I'll look

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after your coffee. I can't Hello and welcome to The One Show

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with Matt Baker. And Alex Jones - and that was Glen. Tonight, we're

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celebrating the search and rescue skills of the border collie. But

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first, a man who never needs to be rescued in the wild, it's

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naturalist, Bill Oddie. APPLAUSE

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We'll talk about the importance of feeding the birds in the gardens.

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Yes. Rather more specifically, continuing to feed them all the

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year. It's amazing how a fallacy can get into sort of public

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knowledge and it doesn't matter how many times you say it and do a

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programme about it, feed the birds all year, it still sticks that most

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people think I feed the birds in the winter. I get asked it all the

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time. When to stop. I say, "What?" it's now. We'll talk more about

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that, but I was talking to my mum and she sent some photographs down.

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That's great. Siskins. You know these. That's one of my favourite

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birds and a favourite name. Why? Because apart from anything else,

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the name sounds like something out of a dickins' novel. -- dick ens'

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novel. Where does it come from? don't know. It's related to

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canaries. Pretty birds. Have you got another one We might show you

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some later on. OK! If you've got birds in your gardens that you feed

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and don't recognise them and you would like Bill to help you, send

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us a picture. E-mail us it through and we'll see if he can help. On we

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go and in a decision that could affect communities across the

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country, the biggest travellers' site in Britain could be demolished

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at any time from midnight tonight. Simon Boazman went along to

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investigate both sides of the dispute. We'll have caravans along

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here that we'll set alight and they can see the dogs and children and

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everyone will be standing around it. Come on. Fighting talk -- and time

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will tell whether they're empty threats or bailiffs will have to

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fight their way into this site. The problems began when the travelling

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community that have been living here perfectly legally, expanded on

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to the land next door. The problem is that this is greenbelt land and

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without planning permission, they are legally setting up home and

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after ten years of court cases, it looks like it's time for them to go.

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We won't go! Basildon council and the law say they must. Even though

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the travellers own the land, chalets and hard-standings and

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roads and caravans will all have to go and that will be expensive. It

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will cost nearly �10 million. You'll move a community that has

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been living there quite peacefully for nearly ten years. Is this

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really the best use of council money? Do we want a situation if we

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only enforce the law if it's cheap? If we make exceptions on the

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greenbelt then the breaches will multiply and that means all sorts

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of things could get built to the detriment to the wider community.

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People should be treated equally. It's not a case of a particular

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ethnic group can claim special treatment under the law. That is

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against the fundamental principles of English law. Some residents

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whose properties border the site want it cleared. I'm in a prison.

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It's cost me �4500 to do this stretch alone. They think they've

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got a God-given right to do what they like. When the gypsies are

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gone - How will it feel for you? Hopefully a relief, but will it be

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a relief for someone else, because where will they go? At the end of

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the day, they are nice and polite. I ain't got a problem with them in

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the world. The problem is if they stay it opens up the floodgates and

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every farmer and everybody with a plot of land in the country will

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plough up their field. Flog it on or open it up as a caravan park.

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What started as a planning dispute between neighbours has now become a

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human rights issue, attracting vctivists from all across Europe. -

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- activists from all across Europe. We are going to help as much as we

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can Are you prepared to break the law? Yeah, if necessary. They are

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people living here and human beings and they have a council on their

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case with millions of pounds to spend making them homeless. They

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live here. They have lives like everybody else in this country.

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Training sessions are being held for volunteers who will act as

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legal observers. You will monitor people and if people get arrested

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you need to record all the information. By monitoring the

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eviction they are hoping to ensure it is done as humanely as possible.

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The worst of it is is waiting for the bail lives to come in to break

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it down, because that is what will -- bail lives to come in and break

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it down because is what will happen. Mary has started packing. These are

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your wordly possessions? That's what I will be leaving with if the

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eviction takes place. Just that? Just that. How can I bring this and

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that and my home? It will have to be left behind. Are you going to

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stay and watch this be taken apart? Yeah. It will kill me, that's all I

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know. You've gone from all of this, to that? Yeah, to that. Other

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travellers here aren't ready to go. When the day that the bailiffs come

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in? I'll lock myself in here. I'm going to hop that the council will

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find somewhere to home me. Do you think the young men on the site

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will go peacefully? No. With neither side giving way, it's a

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volatile situation and before we left on Saturday, the police were

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called. I'm not too sure what is going on here, but Len who we

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interviewed earlier, is finding himself in the back of a police car

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and tensions are riding really high here today. Len was later released

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without charge on police bail. This afternoon, the High Court rejected

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the travellers' application for an injupbs to delay the clearance. --

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injunction to delay the clearance. After ten years it looks like it

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will come to an end, because at midnight from tonight, all of this

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can be knocked down. That's it then, Simon, they've got to go? Well,

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after ten years you would think it has to come to an end, so from

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midnight tonight they have the legal right, the bailiffs to move,

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and move people off the property. There is one lady who is there and

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is very se sick at the moment and they've take -- very, very sick at

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the moment and the council have taken a legal obligation to review

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her medical condition. It's a bit bizarre. You get one person who is

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critically ill and everybody else will go? It's how they move her,

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because she is linked to medical equipment and they can't move her.

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That's the only review. Pretty high-profile protesters. The bishop

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of Chelmsford and Vanessa Redgrave. What points are they making? There

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has been a community there for ten years and children are in schools

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and there is a community that is settled and by picking them up and

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forcibly splitting them up, that could be infringement of their

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human rights. Basildon council's reasons then? This has been going

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on for ten years. It's a planning issue effectively. They moved on to

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the land and set up illegal homes there. The precedent would be that

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anybody with greenbelt land, which this is, could build houses and

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there's a financial incentive, because if they take land with no

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planning permission, which they've bought for �100,000 let's say, with

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permission, it could be worth �2 million. The council are saying a

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line has to be drawn. I think what do they intend to do with the land

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or don't they have to say that? When it is reduced to a legal

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matter as opposed to human matters, what is the council going to do?

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Basildon council don't own the land. The travellers will still own the

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land, but they don't have land to build. It's the permission. What

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will happen then at one minute past midnight, if anything? The council

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have assured us that there have been lessons learnt from other

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traveller evictions that have turned into violence and everyone

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will be sleeping, because they'll take a very slow process. They have

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enough money to do this over the next couple of months. Maybe there

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will be letters in the first few days, but hopefully the council

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will say that they've don't want any violence. I'm sure they don't,

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but I wouldn't bet against it definitely. I would bet that there

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will be some violence. There's a lot of determined people there. A

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lot of people who are not prepared to give up without a fight. I can

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understand that. Is this a situation that could be repeated

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across the country? Wherever there is a site that doesn't have

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planning permission, this could happen in many places. There are

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thousands of sites. It's down to the local council whether they want

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this confrontation and this has only come because of ten years of

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wrangling. Communities are settled and this means it will be quite a

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big yuep heavel. Thank you. -- upheavel. A starring role is just

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another chapter in the story of the Waverley. Carrie Grant has looked

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into the story. The Waverley was built in 1946, right here in

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Glasgow. It's the world's last sea- going paddle steamer and I'm about

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to get on it to take a voyage that may be one of its last. It was

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built in 1946, for passenger ferry and services on the Clyde and she

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was the last of a long line going back to 1812. Ships like this were

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the only way that ordinary people could get out of the grime of the

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industrial cities and take a cruise down the coast. Years before the

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First World War there were literally hundreds of ships like

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the Waverley all around the coast and right up to the middle of the

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1960's there were a lot and suddenly they all went to the

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breakers' yard, except this one. It's busy and bustling with people

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having fun, but today the future of the Waverley is in danger. It's due

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to a �350,000 cash shortfall. The captain, Ian, has been mat ter for

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four years. How -- master for four years. How did it become critical?

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When the weather it is difficult to get people to come out and for the

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last seven years the summers haven't been good. It's very

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popular, but we need it to be more. Tell me about the technology.

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the same technology as when she was built. She just has one steam

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engine, driving two paddle wheels and fixed on one shaft. There's

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only one rudder and it's at the back of the ship. No-one

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understands the mechanics of this 20th century masterpiece as well as

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James Jardine. The thing about the engine is the size and the heads

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and the way it was put together. What about the running cost? They

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are quite high. Especially with the efficiency of the engine. The money

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could keep the wheels going for three minutes just in fuel costs

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for �30. I get on the boat and spend �30 and that pays for three

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minutes? Yep. What does it symbolise for you? I'm an old-

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fashioned guy and this is an old- fashioned ship. Emotionally most of

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the crew, I'm very bonded to it and there is a live, living ship, not

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just a machine like some modern vessels. When did you serve on the

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Waverley and what did you do? served from 1962 to 64. I was

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assistant purser. We worked six days, including Saturday and Sunday.

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Always enjoyed coming here and seeing the Waverley. We come at

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least once a year. What memories does the Waverley have for you?

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proposed. I remember it was where I proposed to Heather and luckily she

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accepted. I've had a great day and met some interesting cebgsters and

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learnt about the history and heritage -- characters and learnt

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about the hiss trist and I hope it keeps going along for many years to

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It is so important to feed the birds throughout the year. Yes,

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especially in summer. People think just the winter, but not at all.

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That is because in the late summer you have the most birds in your

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garden. The adult birds are exhausted and in a terrible state

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because they have been feeding the young birds, who are now also

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feeding. So you have got more birds and some of them need soft fruit.

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That is a euphemism for regally things like this! -- soft food.

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They are male worms. Are you OK with things like this? She is

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probably better than me! Lots of them are leaving our shores and

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migrating. That is one of the most exciting things. Your garden at

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this time of year can change overnight. People come to me right

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now and tell me they have nothing in their garden. That is because

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the birds that have nested in that area are malting. So they go and

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hide because their feathers are falling out. I have a problem

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without a tail at the moment. Don't pull a face like that! You won't

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have him on your Christmas card. A lot of people worry that the birds

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will disappear, but they will come back with nice new feathers. At

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this time of year, the beginning of autumn, birds begin to fly South.

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That is when you get of visitors which are probably not from your

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area. -- strange visitors. This is a willow warbler. He is singing but

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he would not be doing that at this time of year. I think that

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photograph was taken on May 3rd. That is a black cap, and the female

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has a brown head. But she is not called a brown cap. That is not

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right. Those chaps now start the winter in Britain. Which birds are

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in danger? In danger? Gardens are probably the healthiest habitat

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that we have got. Farmland areas are the least healthy and that is

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where the birds really are in danger. Gardens do a fantastic job

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and people that feed the birds do a great job of conservation. We still

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have some mysteries. We have three little birds. On the left is the

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song thrush, which has the most wonderful song. They repeat every

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phrase but every phrase is difficult and it is wonderful to

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listen to. -- is different. What is the problem? We really don't know.

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Several newspapers have but rewards in a newspaper for anyone that can

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solve the mystery of the disappearing house sparrow. They

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get free membership or something. But nobody really knows. We know

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there is a shortage of insect food. That is all connected. That means

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that the atmosphere in our cities in particular, and particularly in

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London unfortunately, there is something wrong. We are losing

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insects and caterpillars. Were have to leave it there because we are

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out of time but we will talk more as we go on.

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In the last of our series of films about man's best friend in our

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history, it is the turn of the Border collie. They help the

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economy but they also are increasingly important in search

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and rescue situations. This is Dodge. In the last three

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years he has saved four lives working with the mountain rescue

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team in Yorkshire. Border collies like Dodge on the most widely used

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search-and-rescue dogs in the UK. It is a modern role for a breed

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that is usually associated with sheep farming. The skills needed

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for both of these jobs draw on the unique history of this breed. It is

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hard to imagine sheep farming in the UK without Border collies.

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Today the industry contributes over �1.5 billion each year towards the

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British economy and in no small part this is down to the skills of

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the Border collie. With a natural herding instinct and intelligence

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which allows them to be trained, and a hunger for hard work, it is

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reckoned one Border collie does the work of three men. James, a 19th

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century shepherd turned poet from the Scottish borders, but it

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perfectly when he said that without the sheep dog the mountainous land

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of Britain would be worth not his expense. How did the Border collie

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become to be so indispensable? The answer lies in centuries of careful

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breeding. Barbara is a member of the International sheepdog Society,

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and a Border collie expert. The original shoot dogs were much

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bigger and fiercer than the ones we have today. -- sheepdogs. They were

:19:28.:19:33.

bred to keep the wolves away. When they began to die out in the 16th

:19:33.:19:36.

century, they were bred for their herding ability more than anything

:19:36.:19:45.

else. So those dogs from the 16th century would be the direct

:19:45.:19:49.

ancestors of these Border collies. Yes, and the breeding has taken out

:19:49.:19:53.

the bad traits and kept the good ones, giving the perfect sheep dog.

:19:53.:19:58.

So skilled were British Border collies that in the mid- 1800's we

:19:58.:20:02.

started exporting them around the world to Australia and the USA.

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Whenever there was sheep-farming, our Border collies were in faster

:20:06.:20:10.

man. In 1870 through the first competitive sheepdog trial was held

:20:10.:20:16.

in North Wales. -- 1873. And then the Border collie went from

:20:16.:20:21.

strength to strength. One dog that remained unbeaten in trials around

:20:21.:20:30.

his life was the legendary Hemp born in Northumberland. He was

:20:30.:20:35.

considered the perfect sheepdog. He fathered over 200 dogs and now tens

:20:35.:20:39.

of thousands of Border collies around the world of thought to have

:20:39.:20:44.

his blood running through their veins. And this little fellow here

:20:44.:20:50.

may well be one of them. These days the breed is still considered the

:20:50.:20:55.

best sheep dog in the world. Around the 1970's his skills were

:20:55.:21:02.

recognised as being ideal for a new role, search-and-rescue. The

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secretary of the search and rescue Dog Association joins me today.

:21:06.:21:12.

the collies are really good at search and rescue work. It is for

:21:12.:21:15.

the same reason that they are good that she work. They are highly

:21:15.:21:20.

intelligent, easy to train, and workaholics. They love a game. It

:21:21.:21:26.

is just a game of hide-and-seek to them. To find out how good Dodge is

:21:26.:21:31.

that finding people, I try a simple demonstration. I hide behind one

:21:32.:21:36.

tree and Dodge and his handler start their search at the other end.

:21:36.:21:42.

He cannot see me but can he detect me with his sense of smell? I am

:21:42.:21:48.

250 metres away from him. Let's see if he can sniff me out. If he finds

:21:48.:21:55.

me, he will run back to his handler barking. Then he will try to lead

:21:55.:22:01.

the handler to me by continually running between the two of us.

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Success! Hello, Dodge! Good boy. Well done. These special dogs

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continue to have a truly positive influence on our lives. They have

:22:14.:22:17.

earned themselves a place as one of the most treasured breeds in

:22:17.:22:24.

Britain and around the world. To give you an idea of how

:22:24.:22:27.

important Border collies are in search and rescue situations, we

:22:27.:22:34.

are joined by Glen and his handler Bill. Glen is very relaxed. Earlier

:22:34.:22:41.

this year Glen helped to rescue two pilots. What happened? They light

:22:41.:22:46.

aircraft crashed in bad visibility at night. A major search involving

:22:46.:22:49.

a three-man rescue team and a helicopter. The helicopter had to

:22:49.:22:55.

turn and go back because the weather was so bad. Eventually Glen

:22:55.:22:59.

found the cent and took us to the pilots, still in the aircraft. They

:23:00.:23:04.

were subsequently rescued. For as we think of them as heroes but will

:23:04.:23:08.

then it is just a massive game of hide-and-seek. Yes, a dog must

:23:08.:23:16.

enjoy what they are doing and it is essentially again. We have a great

:23:16.:23:23.

game on Friday. Friday is The One Show Dog Show. We are looking for

:23:23.:23:33.

the dog with the most wag in detail. Dogs that look like their owners

:23:33.:23:43.
:23:43.:23:43.

and once that look really pretty. Until now scars in the countryside

:23:43.:23:47.

have hidden our history. But now recent excavations have revealed

:23:47.:23:56.

some interesting tactics of trench warfare. These extraordinary scars

:23:56.:23:59.

on the landscape may look like they could be the product of

:23:59.:24:03.

supernatural activity. Graphic patterns created by a force greater

:24:03.:24:07.

than us. These mounds of earth played a crucial role in our

:24:07.:24:12.

efforts to win for First World War. These man's and hollows are the

:24:12.:24:17.

remains of intricate practice trenches. They were dug by soldiers

:24:17.:24:20.

in preparation for the real horrors of the Western Front in France and

:24:20.:24:24.

Belgium. What they would learn would prove invaluable for the

:24:25.:24:31.

momentous task ahead. Trench warfare was used by the ancient

:24:31.:24:35.

Romans but it became a powerful symbol of the atrocious battles of

:24:35.:24:40.

the Great War. The Western Front was a web of interlocking corridors,

:24:40.:24:47.

separated by the infamous no-man's- land. It was that places like RAF

:24:47.:24:51.

Halton in Buckinghamshire that soldiers develop sophisticated

:24:51.:24:56.

trenches to gain an advantage and limit casualties. This was a dog

:24:57.:25:05.

leg trench. What is the advantage? It keeps people alive. It comes

:25:05.:25:09.

from bitter experience of fighting in the South Africa when the

:25:09.:25:13.

trenches were longer and more sinuous. If a shell burst, then the

:25:13.:25:17.

fragmentation used to kill lots of people. This means it cannot do

:25:17.:25:21.

that. A blast here will be soaked up by the buttresses here and

:25:21.:25:25.

bullets cannot travel along. If people are trying to capture your

:25:25.:25:31.

trench, each corner has a defender, which makes it difficult. This

:25:31.:25:36.

seems very technologically advanced. They sold in 1914 would not have

:25:36.:25:44.

recognised this but by 1918 we have all the techniques they were using.

:25:44.:25:48.

-- the soldiers in 1914. That parrot that is so that you can rest

:25:48.:25:54.

your elbow while you are firing. -- that parapet. The remnants of these

:25:54.:25:59.

trenches can be seen all over the country but at RAF Halton, Martin

:25:59.:26:02.

and his archaeologists are run covering the trenches to discover

:26:02.:26:12.
:26:12.:26:14.

And why are you digging here? common perception is that people

:26:14.:26:18.

were not trained and they were, they were trained here. What have

:26:18.:26:23.

you found? All manner of things. Some of it tells you about their

:26:23.:26:28.

lives. Pickle jars, spoons, HP Sauce. That tells us something

:26:28.:26:33.

fantastic about the army diet of the time. It is nutritious, but it

:26:33.:26:42.

is very boring. What makes it better his brown sauce! We have

:26:42.:26:48.

heard about people keeping them a roll up. This thing. Bovril!

:26:48.:26:54.

Brilliant. What improves your day? A hot drink. When we get a break,

:26:54.:27:01.

we have a brick and we light up. It keeps people going. All soldiers

:27:01.:27:05.

were trained in trench warfare as part of basic training before the

:27:05.:27:09.

war. How important was it for them to go through training in actual

:27:09.:27:13.

trenches? The big thing is that the British Army has to take thousands

:27:13.:27:18.

of civilians, factory workers, dockers, of the spores, and turn

:27:18.:27:24.

them into soldiers capable of winning a World War. -- office boys.

:27:24.:27:30.

They took them and they were the guys that beat the Germans. Did

:27:30.:27:35.

this training work? Oh, yes. valuable lessons learnt during the

:27:35.:27:40.

war form the basis of a manual written in 1921. What this does is

:27:40.:27:44.

it distills all of the experience of four years of fighting on the

:27:44.:27:47.

Western Front. They have gone from having a single line of trenches to

:27:47.:27:52.

something like that, with front line, support line, reserve line,

:27:52.:27:59.

defence, barbed wire. We are sitting on and a friend. You put

:27:59.:28:09.
:28:09.:28:09.

your feet on top of the boards and they are out of the wet. -- and a

:28:09.:28:14.

frame. It is so sad that so many people died without this knowledge

:28:14.:28:19.

but then time moves on and we never returned to this. Yes, people die

:28:19.:28:28.

in, that is one of the sad and hard facts of military history. It is

:28:28.:28:32.

the learning curve. Million died during the First World War but

:28:32.:28:37.

these Fridays trenches give a vivid reminder of the ordinary men that

:28:37.:28:40.

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