Gregg Wallace Britain's Home Truths


Gregg Wallace

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Us Brits have a passion for property, and, of course,

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our national obsession is house prices.

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How much to buy?

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You're looking at about 1.7 million, for an apartment like this.

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But housing is about so much more than bricks and mortar.

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Look at the smile on my face!

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It's about who we are, and how we choose to live.

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75 years since the Beveridge Report vowed to rebuild Britain's housing...

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Slums must go...

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..we're opening the doors to Britain's home truths.

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From council houses...

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To suburban semis...

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High-rises...

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To country pads...

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In fact, anywhere we call home.

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To find out if three quarters of a century later

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we really have built a better place to live.

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# We've got some half price cracked ice

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# And miles and miles of carpet tiles... #

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This is Peckham in south-east London, or as you might know it,

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Del Boy country.

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As we say in these parts, this is my old manor!

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Keep heading south.

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# No income tax, no VAT

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-# No money back... #

-'And today I'm returning in style,

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'courtesy of my very own Rodney - driver Martin Bridges.'

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Yeah, I was born round here.

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This is where I was born.

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This is a trip down memory lane for me.

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# Viva Hooky Street

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# Long live Hooky Street... #

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I used to get my car cleaned in this place here.

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'Peckham's changed a lot since I was born here in 1964.'

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Back then it was predominantly a white working class community.

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And while London may have gained a reputation for being the swinging capital of the world...

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'This, ladies and gentlemen, is London!

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'Swinging London, it's been called.'

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I don't think it reached as far south as my neighbourhood.

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'You can catch a number 35 tram,

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'which will take you over the River Thames,

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'across Westminster Bridge and into South London.

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'After about half an hour, through factories and crowded streets,

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'you come to Peckham.'

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'Today, Peckham's a vibrant, mixed, Metropolitan,

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'inner-city community that's full of, well, trendies.'

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You see those? Look, they're Victorian villas.

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Look, they're the original...when this was countryside.

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'House prices, meanwhile, have gone through the roof.

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'The average price here is now over 500 grand,

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'that's over 100 times what it was when I lived round here.

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'But, for me, it's the memories that are priceless.'

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This is the top of Rye Lane. I used to come down Rye Lane shopping

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every Saturday with my nan and grandad.

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And Saturday was toy day. I'd always get a little toy.

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'I've changed quite a bit too, of course - on the outside at least.

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'On the inside, the values I learned on these streets have seen me through life.

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'Today, I'm returning to where it all began,

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'the street where I grew up, and joining me is a very special lady.'

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There's my mum! Oh, my God!

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What are you like? What have you turned up in now?

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-Hello, Mum.

-Hello, darling.

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Look, that's telly for you!

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NOVELTY CAR HORN

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Are you ready? Do you want to go and look at the old house?

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-Yeah, I do, I do, yeah.

-How do you feel?

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A little bit apprehensive.

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It's such a long time ago, and it actually looks cleaner.

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-Cleaner?

-Yes, and brighter and more cared for.

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-Really?

-Yeah, and look, trees.

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There weren't trees here when I was here.

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Well, how decrepit was it when we were here?

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Pretty bad.

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I have mixed memories of growing up in this two up, two down terrace.

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Me, my brother and my mum and dad were crammed into the first floor.

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My grandparents lived upstairs.

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'Neither me or my mum have been inside the house since we moved out 40 years ago.

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'It's strangely nerve-racking.'

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-Go on.

-The knob's gone, look.

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-The big knob...

-Go on, bang on the door.

-..that you twiddled. Yeah.

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No, don't push it.

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SHE KNOCKS AGAIN

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-All right, that'll do, that'll do.

-Hello?

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-Hello.

-Hello.

-I'm Gregg.

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'Aisha, who lives here today, has kindly agreed to show us around.'

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That's really kind of you, thank you.

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Oh, yeah, it's fine, you can go in.

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'And right away we can see that the layout is quite a bit different.'

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This was your bedroom and a living room.

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Yes, exactly, yeah.

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And I had a bed there.

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When you were born, I brought you home from hospital

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and we were in the bed, there.

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I can remember a Saturday night, watching Hammer House of Horror,

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that used to be on about ten, 10:30pm,

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and Dad was sitting there in the window.

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And I can remember one night the breeze blew watching a horror film

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and the curtain blew over his head.

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He nearly had a heart attack!

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This was basically, I don't know, our parlour?

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We had a television here.

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Sometimes we did. In the winter, if it was really cold.

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And a fireplace there.

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Because we had a fireplace there, yeah, a gas fire.

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So you'd keep together in one room.

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This is the room I remember the most. This is where we spent all our time.

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-And we had mice everywhere.

-Absolutely.

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One night I woke up, I must've been five, six years old,

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I had mice running across my face in the bedroom.

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One day my mum screamed, I came out, or I screamed,

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-and there was a dirty great brown rat in the hallway.

-Yeah.

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'But it was out the back that the really scary business took place,

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'because, as with up to one in ten of British houses at the time,

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'this is where the bog was.'

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There we are, look.

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That was it, wasn't it?

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The little building there, yes, it definitely was.

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Can you imagine that? Coming out here in the winter, cold and dark,

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-and going to the toilet here?

-With the gap under the door,

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just to make sure a nice draft got through.

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It was freezing cold out there.

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And this fence was very low and next-door's loo was facing,

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so you and Mr Dylan or Mrs Dylan or whatever,

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could all say good evening to each other as you knew what you'd been doing. It was lovely(!)

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We didn't come out here at night because it was cold and dark.

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We used to go to the toilet in a bucket and empty it out the next morning.

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It sounds disgusting!

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-We had no bathroom in there at all.

-No.

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So where'd you bath?

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We didn't. We washed in the kitchen sink here, that was just inside there.

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-My grandad used to brush his teeth with salt on a rag.

-Yeah, yeah.

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Until he didn't have any left to worry about!

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It might all sound like something from a Dickensian novel,

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but there were good times.

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I remember a lot of love in this house, as well as hardship.

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That's a photograph of your nan, nana and grandad, and that was me,

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in the back garden, 1961.

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And that's the outside toilet that we stood in front of

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-to have our photographs taken.

-Marvellous.

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"Let's all go outside and have our photograph taken next to the khazi!"

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And that's a picture of your grandad pulling his grandad funny face.

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-Yeah, he did that, didn't he?

-Yeah, yeah.

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It was nice, you know, having Nan and Grandad upstairs and Mum downstairs when I was young.

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He was a very gentle man, wasn't he?

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And you were very fond of him, very fond of you.

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Yeah, I used to, at the weekends, go to Millwall together,

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we'd go up the park together, we'd feed the ducks,

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and he would tell me stories of knights and castles and battles.

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-I'm sure that's where my love of history comes from.

-Probably.

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-Probably, yeah.

-He was nice.

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Kindly.

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So, the home truth about where I grew up is mixed.

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Yeah, there were lots of great memories and influences

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that made me the man I am today...

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..but for working-class inner-city families like mine,

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times were really tough.

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'Now, though, I want to hear about where my story fits into the wider story -

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'before and after I came along.

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'So I'm going to a place where I can get a wider perspective on things,

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'by travelling to the top of London's tallest skyscraper,

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'to The View from The Shard.'

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'Opened in 2002, the building stands almost 310 metres,

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'giving it a panoramic view of the whole capital.

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'I'm meeting someone who will help me make sense of it.'

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-Hi, Greg.

-Hi. Amazing.

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'Dr Paul Watt studies cities for a living.

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'I just hope he's got a good head for heights!'

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I was born in Peckham in 1964,

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-and I reckon that's over there somewhere, don't you?

-Yeah.

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So...

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..if I...if I follow the railway line here, London Bridge,

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I can see the Elephant and Castle, through Bermondsey,

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I can see Millwall Football Club there,

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so Peckham must be a mile or so just beyond it.

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Yeah, just down there, yeah.

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What would that have looked like when I was born?

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Well, most of...

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You wouldn't have had lots of the tower blocks that you see now.

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Most of those were built in the '60s.

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So a lot flatter and a lot browner?

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-Browner! Yes!

-So, it would have been row upon row of terraced housing.

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Yes, in many ways it would have been, yes.

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Still a Victorian streetscape, yeah.

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How would it have looked for my grandparents, before the Second World War?

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It would have been probably very tough, actually.

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Probably they'd have been living in overcrowded circumstances.

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Lots of Londoners were sharing, sharing with families.

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Lots of infestation - cockroaches, that sort of thing, and bedbugs,

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and it was really difficult for a lot of working-class Londoners.

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It wasn't just in London,

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poor living conditions like this were a big problem across the whole

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country at the beginning of the 20th century.

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From Liverpool to Glasgow,

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whole generations were living in overcrowded squalor,

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causing a multitude of health and social problems.

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-Do you live here?

-Live here?

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You don't call this living, I call this existing.

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Who could live under these circumstances?

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This was the squalor of the slums,

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one of society's giant evils that the 1942 Beveridge Report wanted to rid the country of,

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as this film from the time, called The Great Crusade, illustrates.

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'In one of these streets, lives Molly, her mother,

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'two brothers and baby sister.

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'Five of them in two rooms.

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'The whole structure of the house is really falling to pieces.

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'Walls and ceiling are rotting with age.

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'The air is full of soot from 100 choked up chimneys.'

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In London alone at this time it was estimated that over 230,000 people

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were living in conditions unfit for human habitation.

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Imagine what they would make of today's London -

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a place of shiny buildings and immense wealth.

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For people like my grandparents,

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this would look like something out of a science fiction movie.

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And you know what? I love it.

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That, to me, is a very beautiful city.

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Yeah, it is. It's a fantastic city in many ways.

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I think the thing is, though, about it,

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is that really what you've got here is the way that you've got many of the new, modern towers.

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For example, you've got the Strata tower, you can see that there,

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which is a kind of lipstick-type building.

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That was erected in 2010.

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It's got 43 storeys, 408 flats.

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But the problem is that only about a quarter of those are affordable housing.

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One of the big issues that London's facing is the way that, yes,

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we've got lots of these spectacular new developments going up,

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but the problem is that many of these developments are actually just

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unaffordable for lots of local people.

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Do you know how many people are living in London right now?

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Well, currently there is actually about 8.6 million people in London.

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Wow, wow.

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Which is actually the largest since 1939.

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So the population peaked in 1939?

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The population peaked in 1939, yes.

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'Looking out on London today,

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'I want to know more about how we got from then to now.

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'I want to go inside the houses and lives of those who have experienced

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'this property revolution, to find out their home truths.

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'And first up, I'm going back to the terraces.

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'The Isle of Dogs has some of the few remaining old school terraced houses here in the capital.

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'They're pretty smart these days and worth over half a million a pop,

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'but, before the war, places like this would have housed the poorest members of our society,

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'and you could have picked one up for less than 200 quid -

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'not that many people bought back then, though.

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'My guide is local resident David Stackable.'

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I recognise old streets like this.

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'He grew up here just after the war and has seen some incredible changes.'

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On your left was the docks,

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that was all the Millwall Dock and this was all dockers' cottages,

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what they classed as two up, two downs.

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Mellish Street was in the heart of London's historic docks,

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which were built back in the 18th century.

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By the 19th century, the Port of London was the biggest in the world.

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'A fifth of all shipping, using British ports,

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'passes through the Port of London.

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'And you sometimes see visiting warships too.'

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As the docks grew,

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so too did the rows of terraced cottages built to house the workers.

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But by the 20th century, many of them were falling apart and overcrowded.

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But that also made it a very close-knit neighbourhood.

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Want a cup of tea, Mum?

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Not now, Eileen, later on.

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And sense of community, do you think?

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Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah.

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Well, I always thought my dad was a diesel fitter,

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cos he used to come out the docks and go, "Well, they'll fit her and that'll fit him".

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-GREGG LAUGHS

-Do you like that one?

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-He was a fitter cos that will fit him, that will fit...

-He was a fitter. Diesel fitter, yeah.

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-"Diesel fit him, diesel fit her."

-Yeah.

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'It's easy walking down Mellish Street,

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'to picture what life here might have been like.

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'But on the Isle of Dogs, it's never long until you're jerked back to the 21st century.'

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-Hang on a minute, hang on a minute, that's a striking view, isn't it, at the end of the road?

-It is.

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This used to be privately, originally,

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this belonged to this house and an old lady lived in here.

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Right? And this was her garden.

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-It's like you've walked into a completely...

-Another world.

-A completely different world.

-Yeah.

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'I wonder what the old dockers would have thought'

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if they could see the luxurious apartments that have sprung up in their streets.

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Their houses didn't even have hot water,

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and bathing was often done in communal bathhouses like this.

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Can I have some more water, please?

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But it isn't just the buildings they wouldn't recognise,

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it's the way the households were run too.

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This was a world where men went to work and the women stayed at home,

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looking after the kids and doing the chores.

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Not that it was any easier than grafting down the docks.

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There were no mod cons back then, remember...

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No, everything was done by hand, and usually by the wife.

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Today, of course, it's all about equality,

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so I'm going to give it a go.

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'Mum, I hope you're watching!'

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'David's keeping an eye on proceedings from what I think you would call a safe distance.'

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Tub of water.

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And...washboard?

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-No.

-Why not?

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It's got a scrubber on there already.

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-What, the ribs?

-Yeah.

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Lonnie Donegan plays with them.

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That's how your mother used to do it.

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'Yeah, but she'd be amazed to see me giving it a go.

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'Still, it will be a nice treat when I show her later.'

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'That's it washed, but getting it dried is an even bigger chore.'

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-Get that in there.

-Mind your fingers.

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'Meet the mangle.

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'Oh, my poor, poor pink posh shirt.

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'I don't suppose that will be making an appearance on the telly again.'

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That is ludicrous.

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And women would have done this what, once a week?

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Yep, Monday was wash days.

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-On the collar...

-'Lovely jubbly.'

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..and peg it up.

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The process of removing Britain's inner-city slums began in earnest

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after the First World War.

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Large numbers of our fellow citizens and their children

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are living amidst surroundings which are a disgrace to our civilisation.

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By 1939, 240,000 houses had been demolished,

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and their inhabitants rehoused.

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AIR-RAID SIREN

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But it was the effect of the Blitz that really accelerated the process...

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..as Hitler's Luftwaffe carried out their aerial bombardment of Britain's major cities.

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After the war was over,

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the need to address Britain's housing crisis became even more urgent.

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But building a better place to live would take time.

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'We had to find out everything about this great city we were planning to rebuild.

0:18:130:18:17

'Everything about its history and its geography,

0:18:170:18:21

'its people and the way they live.

0:18:210:18:23

'We had to find out how much of it had been totally destroyed,

0:18:230:18:27

'and how much of it was in such a bad state that it would have to be rebuilt anyway.'

0:18:270:18:32

Luckily, Churchill came to the rescue with his Temporary Accommodation Act,

0:18:320:18:36

a plan to build 500,000 new-technology, temporary emergency houses,

0:18:360:18:41

or, prefabs to you and me.

0:18:410:18:44

'Britain's first factory-made show house.

0:18:490:18:51

'Prototype of the half million promised by Mr Churchill as emergency dwellings

0:18:510:18:55

'for demobilised service men and their families.'

0:18:550:18:58

Each unit cost around £375 to produce

0:18:580:19:02

and were only meant to last 10-15 years.

0:19:020:19:05

Over 60 years later, some still survive as homes,

0:19:050:19:09

and you'd be lucky to get change out of 100 grand for them.

0:19:090:19:13

I've come well south of the river to look round one of the most

0:19:150:19:18

well-preserved prefab housing projects in Britain.

0:19:180:19:22

This is the Excalibur prefab estate in Catford in south-east London,

0:19:220:19:27

and it's a lovely, quiet day.

0:19:270:19:29

It's a nice street, but if you listen you can just hear the sound of diggers working in the distance.

0:19:290:19:34

They're knocking down a load of these prefabs to make room for new houses,

0:19:340:19:38

and a lot of the residents, well, they're not very happy.

0:19:380:19:41

Many of them are fighting to actually stay in the houses that they've grown to love.

0:19:410:19:45

The Excalibur Estate was actually built by German and Italian prisoners of war.

0:19:470:19:51

187 brand-new homes for homeless families, each with two bedrooms,

0:19:510:19:57

a private garden and - wait for it - an indoor lavatory!

0:19:570:20:01

-Oh, hello, Gregg.

-Hello.

0:20:010:20:03

Welcome to my oasis and back in time.

0:20:030:20:06

'I'm visiting Patricia Dixon.

0:20:060:20:08

'She was brought up here from the age of five

0:20:080:20:11

'and has lived on the estate most of her life.'

0:20:110:20:13

It could be anywhere. It could be in the middle of the Cotswolds.

0:20:130:20:16

It is very peaceful, and very much like a step back into the 1950s.

0:20:160:20:23

'Time for a snoop around.'

0:20:250:20:26

'This house of the future has no stairs,

0:20:290:20:31

'no dust-collecting wainscoting and is intended to last about ten years.'

0:20:310:20:35

It doesn't look like an original 1950s bathroom!

0:20:370:20:40

'The kitchen is compact,

0:20:420:20:43

'but the initial blueprint didn't provide sufficient facilities for washing clothes.'

0:20:430:20:47

Compared to the slums, the prefabs were a step into a brave new world.

0:20:490:20:53

There was a gas cooker, fridge,

0:20:550:20:56

and even a boiler for hot water and central heating.

0:20:560:20:59

It may have come off the back of a lorry and been erected in a few days,

0:20:590:21:03

but for the men of the house, they were kings of their very own castle.

0:21:030:21:07

This is a picture of my dad, outside his prefab,

0:21:070:21:11

which is only over the road, where I grew up.

0:21:110:21:14

He looks happy. He looks almost proud, doesn't he?

0:21:140:21:16

He was very proud of the prefabs. He loved living in the prefabs.

0:21:160:21:20

It was his first major home.

0:21:200:21:24

For the women, it was the chance at last to build a real home for their families,

0:21:270:21:32

with a fully-fitted kitchen,

0:21:320:21:34

making cooking more of a pleasure than a chore.

0:21:340:21:37

'I consider the kitchen, with a built-in refrigerator

0:21:390:21:41

and such other useful equipments,

0:21:410:21:43

a great advance in a working man's home and a step in the right direction.

0:21:430:21:47

'As a tribute, I'm whipping up a bit of lunch

0:21:490:21:52

'that was particularly common during this time.

0:21:520:21:55

'Pre-boiled potatoes, onion and spam,

0:21:550:21:58

'incredibly popular because of rationing, although, of course,

0:21:580:22:01

'other luncheon meats are available!'

0:22:010:22:03

I don't think you'd get very far on MasterChef with this!

0:22:030:22:06

'Time for my grub to be judged. I wonder what that feels like?'

0:22:080:22:11

We'll see what Tricia makes of this.

0:22:140:22:16

-There you are.

-Thank you, that looks very nice.

0:22:190:22:21

-Really?

-Yeah.

-You don't have to eat it, you know.

0:22:210:22:24

No, it's OK, I'll give it a whirl.

0:22:240:22:26

You're a brave girl! SHE LAUGHS

0:22:260:22:28

You know, actually it's not that bad.

0:22:310:22:33

Yes, it reminds me very much of when I was very young.

0:22:350:22:38

But while rationing ended, the prefabs would prove a lot harder to get rid of.

0:22:400:22:44

The fact is that those who lived here, well, they just felt at home.

0:22:440:22:48

'And I really get the sense from spending time with Patricia,

0:22:480:22:51

'that that's how she wants it to stay.'

0:22:510:22:54

Listening to you talk, it's obvious that you're very,

0:22:540:22:57

very passionate about these prefabs.

0:22:570:23:00

Why do you love them so much?

0:23:000:23:01

They're very easy to live in and very nice to live in,

0:23:010:23:05

because you've got the windows that are huge.

0:23:050:23:11

They let in as much sunlight,

0:23:110:23:13

and it's the sunlight that makes you feel happy, really.

0:23:130:23:17

It's the design of the place, because they have a unique feel about them.

0:23:170:23:22

They were positioned southeast so that you'd get the sun in the morning,

0:23:220:23:26

and then you'd get the sun on the other side of the house in the evening.

0:23:260:23:30

During the day you didn't, you got the light,

0:23:300:23:33

but you didn't get the baking hot sun.

0:23:330:23:36

They just feel part of me, because I've been here so long.

0:23:360:23:40

I feel passionate to keep them on this planet,

0:23:400:23:46

as an example of what can be done in so short a time,

0:23:460:23:53

in building, and how long they can last.

0:23:530:23:57

What if you don't win the fight? What if you have to move?

0:24:090:24:12

-How will you feel?

-It would be just an end of an era for me.

0:24:120:24:19

It would be sort of like having to close down and start again from fresh.

0:24:190:24:26

I don't see how it wouldn't destroy me.

0:24:260:24:31

I enjoyed spending time with Tricia, and I like these houses as well.

0:24:400:24:44

I think it's a shame if she loses her home, not just her,

0:24:440:24:46

but many other people as well.

0:24:460:24:48

Some of them grew up here. That doesn't sound like progress to me.

0:24:480:24:52

By the 1960s, another set of home truths were about to hit Britain.

0:24:540:24:59

The baby boomers were coming of age.

0:24:590:25:01

Immigration had led to a new diverse influx of people.

0:25:030:25:07

And with the NHS now firmly established, older folk were surviving longer.

0:25:100:25:15

All these people needed a place to live.

0:25:150:25:18

Britain's inner cities simply had too many people and too little space.

0:25:180:25:22

And so, the solution was to look up to the skies.

0:25:240:25:28

'The answer is to build upwards.

0:25:280:25:30

'To provide attractive, well-planned dwellings for a high level of living.'

0:25:320:25:36

This was the birth of high-rise living,

0:25:370:25:39

where escaping the ground was seen as an opportunity to escape its problems.

0:25:390:25:44

It's like being in heaven, up here, because we've always been,

0:25:440:25:48

we've always been poor people

0:25:480:25:51

and we've had so many good friends up here,

0:25:510:25:53

and these places are just lovely for us.

0:25:530:25:57

Now, entire streets could be built on top of each other.

0:25:570:26:01

There's only one way to do it -

0:26:010:26:03

you've got to build up, instead of out.

0:26:030:26:05

What storey are you? 22nd storey, is it?

0:26:050:26:08

Do you like living up here?

0:26:090:26:11

In London, one of the first and most celebrated of these new housing schemes

0:26:110:26:15

was the Alton East Estate in Roehampton, beside Richmond Park.

0:26:150:26:20

Building upwards meant more room down beneath for leafy surroundings,

0:26:210:26:25

the exact opposite of the old terraces.

0:26:250:26:27

'These buildings on London estates are set in open spaces,

0:26:270:26:32

'where the light and air can get at them and where trees and flowers

0:26:320:26:35

'provide a setting.'

0:26:350:26:37

In 1960, the council charged up to £3 a week to live here.

0:26:370:26:41

Today, flats in the high-rises are around 120.

0:26:410:26:44

I think they might be worth it.

0:26:440:26:46

I kind of like these, you know, these buildings.

0:26:460:26:48

They're like a little piece of 1960s history.

0:26:480:26:51

I like the fact that there's people sitting on the grass

0:26:510:26:53

and I really like the fact that the grass and the trees roll away from the buildings.

0:26:530:26:57

I mean, whoever built these really thought, I think,

0:26:570:27:01

they were doing some good.

0:27:010:27:02

'To see if they really were the answer,

0:27:060:27:08

'I'm off on a little tour of the estate, with resident Deenie Lyon,

0:27:080:27:12

'and we're starting with a good look at the view.'

0:27:120:27:14

-Well, that's quite a view from here.

-It's beautiful.

0:27:160:27:19

-It is lovely, isn't it?

-Yeah.

0:27:190:27:20

'Deenie moved to Roehampton from Ladbroke Grove in 1954.

0:27:200:27:24

'She was only a small girl. The estate wasn't even built.'

0:27:240:27:28

Do you remember the tower block going up?

0:27:280:27:31

I vaguely remember.

0:27:310:27:32

I remember more of the conversations people had about it than actually

0:27:340:27:38

seeing the buildings being built, to be honest.

0:27:380:27:40

-Really?

-Yes.

-And what conversations were they?

0:27:400:27:44

Well, people were worried about who was going to be moving in.

0:27:440:27:47

We had some strange rumours.

0:27:470:27:49

Were we going to have... Were they going to have proper dustbins?

0:27:500:27:56

Yeah, of course, no-one had ever known anybody

0:27:560:27:58

-who had lived up in the sky, had they?

-No.

0:27:580:28:01

I'd like to show you how much interest there was around the world for this,

0:28:010:28:05

what was a very iconic building.

0:28:050:28:07

Look at this.

0:28:070:28:08

'In my opinion, Alton is the most beautiful and satisfactory

0:28:090:28:11

'of any housing project I've seen anywhere in the world.'

0:28:110:28:14

'Approaching the estate,

0:28:170:28:18

'you can see the interesting mixture of housing types.

0:28:180:28:21

'As a result, they achieve a very high density,

0:28:220:28:25

'without it seeming to be very crowded.

0:28:250:28:28

'It should be a good place for children to live,

0:28:280:28:30

'and quite safe for play.'

0:28:300:28:31

-Do you remember it like that?

-Yeah, I can.

0:28:340:28:37

The lady who was talking on there was saying it's a safe place for children to play.

0:28:370:28:41

When you walk round the estate today,

0:28:410:28:43

you realise there isn't a safe place here for children to play now.

0:28:430:28:47

If you live on the seventh floor,

0:28:470:28:49

you're not going to let your child come down and play,

0:28:490:28:51

it's just too far, you wouldn't be safe.

0:28:510:28:54

Children now have their computers and their boxes and things.

0:28:540:28:58

They don't go out to play very often.

0:28:580:29:01

The Alton Estates were completed in the late 1950s,

0:29:010:29:04

and over the next decade British cities went high-rise crazy.

0:29:040:29:08

'In the present housing shortage, time is the essence of the contract,

0:29:080:29:11

'and so is money.'

0:29:110:29:12

It was easy to see the attraction,

0:29:120:29:14

reinforced concrete slabs, created off-site,

0:29:140:29:17

sped up the construction process,

0:29:170:29:19

which meant people in poor living conditions could be rehoused quickly.

0:29:190:29:23

I think that industrialised production

0:29:230:29:25

will bring quicker housing.

0:29:250:29:27

We shall see in the future houses coming off the conveyor belt,

0:29:270:29:31

like motorcars.

0:29:310:29:32

But the dream was short lived.

0:29:340:29:36

Many began to worry about the loneliness and isolation

0:29:360:29:39

of those being moved from close-knit terraced streets to high-rise flats.

0:29:390:29:43

-We can try the one right down at the end.

-All right.

0:29:470:29:51

'I wonder if this is still the case.

0:29:510:29:52

'So I've decided to spread a bit of community spirit

0:29:520:29:55

'and introduce Deenie to some of her neighbours.

0:29:550:29:58

'I think our visit might be a bit of a surprise.'

0:29:590:30:02

-Hello!

-Hello.

-How are you?

-I'm fine, thank you.

0:30:020:30:06

'Barbara Bagalo is a nurse.

0:30:060:30:07

'She's lived on the estate for 37 years, but she's never met Deenie.'

0:30:070:30:10

-Nice.

-Wow. It's lovely.

-Here you are.

0:30:100:30:14

-I like the colour.

-Thank you.

0:30:140:30:16

-Can we sit down?

-Do you want to sit down? Sit down.

-Yeah.

0:30:160:30:19

-You're on there?

-Yeah.

-I'll come and sit over here with you.

0:30:190:30:22

Do you want to sit down, are you all right?

0:30:220:30:24

I didn't realise that you had an upstairs?

0:30:240:30:27

I thought it would all be on one level.

0:30:270:30:28

-It's nice. It's more like a house.

-Like a little house. Stacked, yeah.

0:30:280:30:33

What's it like, living here?

0:30:330:30:35

It's nice, it's quiet.

0:30:350:30:37

We have Richmond Park five minutes away.

0:30:370:30:40

With the transport links, you can get into central London basically from anywhere.

0:30:400:30:45

-Decent views?

-Decent views.

0:30:450:30:48

And your neighbours, do you get on with your neighbours?

0:30:480:30:50

Seldom see the neighbours.

0:30:500:30:52

Used to, years ago.

0:30:520:30:55

You knew all your neighbours.

0:30:550:30:56

But now, everyone seems to keep themselves to themselves.

0:30:560:31:00

Why don't I make a cup of tea and you two have a chat?

0:31:000:31:02

Oh, yes, please.

0:31:020:31:04

Two sugars, please!

0:31:040:31:06

So, when did you move here?

0:31:070:31:09

-In 1954.

-1954. Before I was born!

0:31:090:31:13

-Before the estate was born, actually.

-Yeah.

0:31:130:31:15

-The estate wasn't even here then.

-No.

-I love it.

0:31:150:31:18

I don't want ever to be anywhere else but Roehampton.

0:31:180:31:20

-I do love Roehampton.

-OK. So it's just home.

0:31:200:31:24

They seem to be getting on really well,

0:31:240:31:26

and I'm really pleased with myself.

0:31:260:31:28

I feel like I've done something good.

0:31:280:31:30

People have to talk to each other.

0:31:300:31:31

If estates are going to work, they have to be communities.

0:31:310:31:35

How many sugars?

0:31:360:31:38

Although the Alton Estates of Roehampton

0:31:380:31:40

have had their share of problems, they have survived.

0:31:400:31:43

And today, they provide over 5,000 homes.

0:31:430:31:46

Other high-rise housing estates from the same era didn't fare so well.

0:31:460:31:50

'In East London, three people are dead, seven are injured

0:31:540:31:57

'and seven unaccounted for after the collapse of a 22-storey block of flats.'

0:31:570:32:03

The collapse of Ronan Point tower block in 1968

0:32:030:32:06

marked an abrupt end to our love affair with high-rise living.

0:32:060:32:09

-You live in a very nice house!

-Yeah!

-You do not live in a tower block.

0:32:090:32:14

Pressurise the council! We must stick together!

0:32:140:32:18

You're living in bug-ridden places here!

0:32:180:32:21

As the '60s gave way to the '70s, estates saw graffiti,

0:32:230:32:27

drugs and even racial tension take root.

0:32:270:32:30

It seemed the inner-city slums of the early 20th century had been

0:32:320:32:36

replaced by slums in the sky.

0:32:360:32:38

For many, it was time for the high rises to come down.

0:32:420:32:45

Three, two, one...

0:32:450:32:49

blast off!

0:32:490:32:51

By the beginning of the '80s,

0:33:060:33:08

the inner cities were about to embark on another big rebuild.

0:33:080:33:12

Luckily, I was in a prime spot to see what happened next.

0:33:150:33:18

'I was working as a greengrocer and suddenly,

0:33:180:33:21

'I was getting orders from new, posh restaurants,

0:33:210:33:24

'all wanting to serve a new clientele.'

0:33:240:33:27

Mizuna. Sounds really exotic, Japanese leaf,

0:33:270:33:30

comes from a great exotic place called Surrey!

0:33:300:33:32

Pissenlit. It's dandelion.

0:33:320:33:34

Or dande-lyon. This has been used by the Italians and the French for years and years and years.

0:33:340:33:39

These certainly weren't the working class customers I was used to.

0:33:390:33:43

No, these guys had a bit of money to spend.

0:33:430:33:45

Some called them yuppies,

0:33:460:33:48

and it wasn't just fresh fruit and vegetables they were looking to splash their dosh on.

0:33:480:33:52

They also wanted places to live.

0:33:520:33:54

A demand developers were only too willing to meet

0:33:540:33:57

with even flashier apartments.

0:33:570:33:59

And nowhere more so than back where I began my journey, on the Isle of Dogs.

0:33:590:34:04

Once a dirty, busy working dock, throughout the next two decades,

0:34:040:34:09

it became the symbolic centre for the resurrection of London's inner-city.

0:34:090:34:13

'Needless to say, estate agents were onto a nice little earner.

0:34:150:34:18

'I've come to meet one, Paul Kirby.'

0:34:180:34:21

Can you tell me, when did this start?

0:34:210:34:24

When did it all start building like this?

0:34:240:34:27

Good question. '96? '96 I would say it really took off.

0:34:270:34:31

Properties were been sold off-plan in Hong Kong, again, at an alarming rate.

0:34:310:34:36

And people really took to the area.

0:34:360:34:37

I think they knew how big Canary Wharf was going to be.

0:34:370:34:40

-We're at the heart of it here, would you say?

-100%, yeah.

0:34:410:34:44

-Shall we have a walk up and down the road and just have a look at it?

-Yeah, let's do it.

0:34:440:34:47

So, you reckon a whole population of Canary Wharf, or the Isle of Dogs,

0:34:470:34:51

moved out between two and five years?

0:34:510:34:54

Pretty much. And the people that moved in were your bankers,

0:34:540:34:57

your solicitors, your stockbrokers.

0:34:570:34:59

Now, it's one thing seeing these gaffes from the outside,

0:35:030:35:06

but it's on the inside that you really see why the City's fat cats want to live here.

0:35:060:35:11

'Paul is showing me one of the area's most exclusive apartment blocks,

0:35:110:35:14

'a flat on the 17th floor that's just come onto the market.'

0:35:140:35:18

I like it. Listen, I need to ask, I really do need to ask.

0:35:180:35:21

How much to rent this?

0:35:210:35:24

To rent this you're looking at £1,100 a week.

0:35:240:35:26

-A week?

-Yeah.

-£5,000 a month?

0:35:260:35:29

Correct. 5,000 a month.

0:35:290:35:32

But look what you get. You know?

0:35:320:35:33

-Two bedrooms?

-Two...

0:35:330:35:35

You could make it a three-bedroom if you needed to, but...

0:35:350:35:38

-So, if that's to rent...

-Yes?

-How much is it to buy?

0:35:380:35:41

Something of this size, with the views,

0:35:410:35:44

anything up to 1.7 million, for an apartment like this.

0:35:440:35:48

Do you have any idea how much rent was here before Canary Wharf got built up?

0:35:480:35:51

I'd have to guess at...

0:35:510:35:53

..£200-£250 a month.

0:35:550:35:57

So, all the people that used to live here

0:35:570:35:59

-were completely priced out of here.

-Correct.

0:35:590:36:01

-And there's absolutely no way they'd ever be able to buy their way back in again.

-No way.

0:36:010:36:06

Here we have the master bedroom.

0:36:080:36:10

Balcony. En suite bathroom.

0:36:100:36:12

It's all right. It's big enough, isn't it?

0:36:140:36:16

-Yeah, yeah.

-It's big enough.

0:36:160:36:17

So what's this, an office?

0:36:190:36:20

Games room, TV room, office, yeah.

0:36:200:36:23

Look at that.

0:36:240:36:25

I don't know how I feel about living in the middle

0:36:270:36:30

-of a load of high-rises.

-Yeah.

0:36:300:36:33

It's just a different version of what was built before, right?

0:36:330:36:35

Well.

0:36:380:36:40

There's still a load of building going on.

0:36:400:36:42

I mean, they're cramming a building into every single inch.

0:36:420:36:46

Literally. They will keep building until there's nothing left.

0:36:460:36:49

I mean, honestly. Really, though.

0:36:490:36:51

The gaps between the buildings are constantly... What is that?

0:36:510:36:55

That is Baltimore Wharf.

0:36:560:36:58

-Look at that!

-One of the most exclusive properties in Canary Wharf.

0:36:580:37:03

All-glass structure outside.

0:37:030:37:05

They used 75 million panes of glass in that block itself.

0:37:050:37:11

There's over 72 floors in the block.

0:37:110:37:14

-Is it serving a purpose?

-I think so.

0:37:140:37:16

And what is that purpose?

0:37:160:37:18

It's filled in a culture of what they feel that people want in this area,

0:37:180:37:22

which is luxury, which is something that someone else hasn't got.

0:37:220:37:25

Like a home, where their grandparents were brought up.

0:37:270:37:30

Yeah, yeah.

0:37:300:37:32

I'll be honest, I don't really know how I feel about places like this.

0:37:330:37:36

I guess the home truth is that you can't really stop progress,

0:37:370:37:41

'and let's face it, who wouldn't want to live in a pad like this?'

0:37:410:37:44

But maybe, as a society, we've paid too high a price for it,

0:37:450:37:49

with traditional working-class communities now forced out.

0:37:490:37:53

Even worse, homelessness across Britain's inner cities

0:37:530:37:56

is also on the rise, and yet,

0:37:560:37:59

people are still finding ways to put an affordable roof over their heads.

0:37:590:38:03

-Are these shipping containers?

-Yeah.

0:38:030:38:05

'After finding himself on the streets, with the help of the YMCA,

0:38:050:38:09

'Scott McDonald now lives in an apartment block made of old shipping containers.

0:38:090:38:14

-They look trendy to me.

-Yeah, man, come have a look.

-May I?

0:38:140:38:17

Welcome to my container!

0:38:170:38:19

Righto.

0:38:220:38:23

Yeah, go on, give me a tour.

0:38:240:38:26

-Come through here.

-Find the kitchen.

0:38:260:38:29

Little cooker. Tiny little cooker.

0:38:320:38:35

A couple of hobs, a toaster, a microwave.

0:38:350:38:37

Fridge. And that's it.

0:38:380:38:40

-And through there?

-Is the shower room.

0:38:400:38:43

Adequate.

0:38:470:38:48

It's all right. Can I ask you, what is it like, living in it?

0:38:490:38:55

-It's all right.

-It's all right?

-Yeah, yeah, yeah.

0:38:550:38:57

-Better than being out on the street.

-Yeah, sure.

0:38:570:39:00

Much better. Cos if you've been homeless and then you come into this, it's a godsend.

0:39:000:39:05

-Is it?

-Yeah, it's a godsend. Honestly.

0:39:050:39:08

Can I ask you how much you pay for this?

0:39:080:39:11

504 a month.

0:39:110:39:13

-All right, it's not...

-£79 a month council tax.

0:39:140:39:17

That's more expensive than I thought it was going to be.

0:39:180:39:20

Yeah, but you pay that for rooms.

0:39:200:39:23

-150. You can pay that for a room in a house.

-Yeah, OK.

0:39:230:39:26

With this, you've got your own door, your own key, nobody.

0:39:260:39:29

-Have you got your own kettle?

-Yeah. Do you want a cup of tea?

0:39:290:39:32

-Yeah, do you want one?

-I'll make you a cup of tea. Go on, then.

0:39:320:39:36

Well, it's nice to have a cuppa made for me this time.

0:39:370:39:41

And it's clear this sense of being in control of things is crucial to Paul, too.

0:39:410:39:46

So what does this do for you personally?

0:39:460:39:49

It gives me my independence.

0:39:500:39:52

You come down into this and it's my pad.

0:39:520:39:54

Only you come in the door.

0:39:540:39:56

And nobody else. Nobody else can get near you.

0:39:580:40:01

So, it's just a relief.

0:40:010:40:04

It's quiet, it's like this all the time, day and night.

0:40:040:40:07

-Never hear nothing.

-It seems to me it's more than just a container,

0:40:070:40:10

it's a step towards a normal life.

0:40:100:40:13

It's all coming back, my life's coming back to what I call normal.

0:40:130:40:18

And tomorrow, I'm going for my medical. I'm a coach driver.

0:40:180:40:21

So that's what I do for a living. Well, that's what I DID for a living, up until 2015.

0:40:210:40:26

So once I get my medical tomorrow my D4 done...

0:40:270:40:31

I've got my life back.

0:40:310:40:33

GREGG LAUGHS

0:40:330:40:35

My time is nearly up, so what home truths have I learned in my journey

0:40:360:40:41

into Britain's inner-city story?

0:40:410:40:43

Well, the properties may have changed to become a lot more pricey,

0:40:430:40:47

but for those working-class people who have lived here across the decades,

0:40:470:40:51

'life has always been a struggle.'

0:40:510:40:53

Tub of water.

0:40:530:40:55

A struggle to stay clean...

0:40:550:40:56

..to eat,

0:40:580:41:00

to stay warm,

0:41:000:41:02

just to keep sheltered in fact.

0:41:020:41:04

'But I've also found out that no matter the era,

0:41:050:41:08

'these same people are determined to live their lives

0:41:080:41:11

'with a real sense of pride, dignity and humour.

0:41:110:41:16

'And hopefully that's something I've taken from living in these streets too.

0:41:160:41:20

'Because although I may have moved on, this place never leaves you,

0:41:200:41:24

'and I'll always be a Peckham boy at heart.

0:41:240:41:27

'So where better to wrap things up than back in Del Boy land?

0:41:270:41:30

'Where Mum is joining me for a bit of grub in one of Peckham's trendier joints - well, why not?'

0:41:300:41:37

Mum, it is possibly the poshest plate of food we've ever had in Peckham.

0:41:370:41:40

Yeah, getting close, I think.

0:41:420:41:43

-Can you remember anything fancy like this?

-Certainly not.

0:41:430:41:46

But this is actually delicious.

0:41:460:41:48

I've been looking at housing, private housing and social housing,

0:41:480:41:52

in the middle of London.

0:41:520:41:53

I've met some fascinating people,

0:41:530:41:56

but I'm a little bit worried that the social housing is going to -

0:41:560:42:00

all of it - is going to be replaced by expensive private housing,

0:42:000:42:03

because I walked down a terraced street of old Victorian houses,

0:42:030:42:06

-very much like Kincaid Road.

-Yes.

0:42:060:42:08

There's a gap in the road, and you look through the gap

0:42:080:42:11

and there's all these great big expensive million-pound flats and stuff.

0:42:110:42:15

Absolutely incredible. I think the last big section of prefab housing...

0:42:150:42:20

And one of the biggest concentrations of those is in Lewisham,

0:42:200:42:23

and that's in danger of completely going.

0:42:230:42:26

You've got about 140, 150 of those.

0:42:260:42:28

Yes, and there were still some quite locally.

0:42:280:42:30

-But the people don't want to go.

-No, I can understand that.

0:42:300:42:33

That's their home.

0:42:330:42:34

I thought of you cos I was thinking of Nanny, your mum.

0:42:350:42:39

-I had a go at a mangle.

-Wow.

0:42:390:42:41

-Wow.

-In fact, I was wondering if you could wash and iron that for me?

0:42:430:42:48

-And you've mangled this?

-Mangled it? I murdered it!

0:42:500:42:53

You certainly did.

0:42:530:42:55

That's going to need some serious help. Would you like it back?

0:42:550:42:58

-No, I want it...

-No, all right, then.

-You're my mum - look after it.

0:42:580:43:01

Oh, I see, I see. I'll prop up a washing line while we're here, then.

0:43:010:43:05

Peckham's changed a lot, but then London's changed a lot,

0:43:050:43:07

but I don't think it matters where your home is - it should be loved,

0:43:070:43:11

it should be cherished and respected.

0:43:110:43:13

London is an incredible, vibrant, international city,

0:43:130:43:16

but if it can't be a home for everybody, I think that's a terrible shame.

0:43:160:43:21

MUSIC: Only Fools And Horses Theme

0:43:210:43:23

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