Episode 31 University Challenge


Episode 31

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APPLAUSE

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Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

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Hello. The winners and losers in this quarterfinal stage

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of the competition are starting to emerge,

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with Bristol having taken the minibus home,

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while Emanuel College Cambridge have seized the first

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of the four places in the semifinals.

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Whichever team wins tonight will join them there,

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as both of them have already won a quarterfinal victory.

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The losers will return for one final chance to qualify.

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Now, the team from the University of Edinburgh arrived here

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by means of a win over Durham University in round one,

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a win on a tie-break against the Open University in round two,

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and a comfortable defeat of the University of Birmingham

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in their first quarterfinal.

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With a total of 605 points earned on those previous appearances,

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let's meet the Edinburgh team for the fourth time.

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Hello, my name's Luke, I'm from York originally,

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and I'm taking Late Antique, Islamic and Byzantine Studies.

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Hi, I'm Ewan, I'm from Aberdeen, and I study Classics.

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And this is their captain.

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Hi, I'm Joe, I'm from Brighton,

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and I study Ecology and Environmental Science.

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Hello, I'm Emily, originally from Wilmslow, Cheshire,

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and I'm studying Chemistry.

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APPLAUSE

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Playing them, the team from Wolfson College Cambridge

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also have an unblemished record, and arrived here by beating

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the School of Oriental and African Studies in round one,

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Jesus College Cambridge in round two

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and Balliol College Oxford in their first quarterfinal match.

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Those three victories have given them

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an accumulated score of 575 points.

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Let's meet the Wolfson team again.

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Hi, my name is Justin Yang,

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I'm from Vancouver, Canada,

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and I'm studying for a PhD in Public Health and Primary Care.

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Hi, I'm Ben Chaudhri, I'm from near Cockermouth in Cumbria,

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and I'm studying Natural Sciences.

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And this is their captain.

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Hi, my name is Eric Monkman, I'm from Oakville, Canada,

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and I'm studying Economics.

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Hi, I'm Paul Cosgrove,

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I'm from Cookstown in Northern Ireland

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and I'm studying Nuclear Engineering.

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APPLAUSE

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Well, you'll probably know the rules better than I do,

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so fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

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For what do the initials HDI stand

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in the context of a composite statistic relating to a country...?

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Human development indicator.

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No...

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Human development index.

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Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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I'm afraid you lose five points there, Wolfson,

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for that incorrect interruption.

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Right, so you get the first set of bonuses, Edinburgh.

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They're on thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment.

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Which Edinburgh-born philosopher

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was the author of the three-volume Treatise Of Human Nature?

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-Despite its later significance...

-David Hume.

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-David Hume.

-..on its publication in 1738, he...

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Well, it was David Hume, yes.

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I could have finished the question for you.

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Secondly, for five points.

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Which Scottish philosopher agreed with Hume that

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"Ideas about the world are based on reasoning that cannot be proved"?

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In 1764, he published

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An Inquiry Into The Human Mind On The Principles Of Common Sense.

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-Scottish...

-Another Scottish philosopher.

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-Could be James Mill?

-James Mill?

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-I don't know.

-Could be James Mill. I think it's got to be.

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James Mill?

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No, it was Thomas Reid.

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In the 1759 work The Theory Of Moral Sentiments,

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which friend and ally of Hume suggested that people are

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guided in morality by an internal sympathy for the emotions of others?

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Adam Smith.

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Correct.

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Ten points for this.

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In the 12th-century work The History Of The Kings Of Britain,

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what did Geoffrey of Monmouth refer to as Chorea Gigantum,

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or "the giants' dance"?

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He stated that it had been brought to Britain from Ireland

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by the magic of Merlin as a...

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Stonehenge?

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Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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These bonuses, Wolfson, are on French territories.

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Renamed Ile-de-France by the French East India company in 1721,

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which island was captured by Britain in 1810

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and reverted to its former name, after a Dutch statesman?

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It became independent in 1968.

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1968...

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It's not New Caledonia, is it?

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No, it's a Dutch statesman, so it would be, like...

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Martinique, maybe?

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Martinique?

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No, it's Mauritius.

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Overthrown by the Portuguese in 1567, La France Antarctique

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was a short-lived colony in which present-day country?

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Maybe Argen... Chile, maybe?

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Yeah. I don't know.

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Chile?

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No, it was Brazil.

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Slightly larger than Wales,

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which country became independent in 1977,

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having been successively known as French Somaliland

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and the French Territory Of The Afars And Issas?

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Djibouti, maybe?

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Djibouti?

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Djibouti's correct, yes.

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APPLAUSE Right, ten points for this.

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What precise concept in literature did WH Auden describe as

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"the noblest form of stoicism"?

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PG Wodehouse thought it was

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"the kindly contemplation of the incongruous,"

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while Angela Carter defined it as

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"tragedy that happens to other people."

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Comedy?

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Comedy is correct.

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APPLAUSE

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These bonuses, Wolfson, are on astronomy.

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Using the Sun as a base unit of mass,

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Jupiter weighs in at almost exactly one milli-Sun.

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In the same way,

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using the standard SI prefixes attached to the word "Sun",

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give me the units missing in the following.

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Earth's mass is approximately three what?

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-Nano...

-Micro-Suns?

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-I would say nano.

-Nano-Suns?

-OK.

-OK.

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Nano?

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No, they're micro-Suns.

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Secondly, the dark object at the centre of our galaxy,

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thought to be a black hole,

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has been estimated to have a mass of roughly four what?

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Giga-Suns?

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-Giga.

-Giga.

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Giga-Suns?

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No, they're mega-Suns.

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And, finally, the mass of Earth's moon is approximately 35 what?

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-Nano?

-Nano.

-Nano, I'd say.

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-We had Micro.

-I think nano.

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Yeah. Nano.

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Nano-Suns is correct, yes.

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Another starter question now.

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Introduced by the British statistician Ronald Fisher in 1925,

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what commonly used index of the strength of evidence

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measures the probability of whether an observed result

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can be attributed to chance?

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The smaller its value...

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P-value.

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P-value is right.

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APPLAUSE

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So you retake the lead, and you get a set of bonuses

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on the architectural style known as Brick Gothic or Hanseatic.

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Firstly, begun in the 1170s

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and an early example of the Brick Gothic style,

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Roskilde cathedral houses the remains

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of 39 kings and queens of which country?

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-Roskilde...

-Irish?

-Is it Denmark?

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-Oh, yeah.

-Roskilde's an island there.

-Is it?

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-Denmark?

-Correct.

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The centre of which city in West Flanders

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is a World Heritage Site noted, among other things,

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for its Brick Gothic architecture?

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Jan van Eyck spent his final years there.

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-Bruges?

-Yeah, he painted in Bruges, so...

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Yeah? Bruges?

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Correct.

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And finally, the Brick Gothic Holstentor

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is a noted structure in which city

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in Schleswig-Holstein, south-east of Kiel?

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It was the birthplace of Thomas Mann.

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THEY CONFER

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Lubeck.

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Lubeck.

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Lubeck is right.

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We're going to take a picture round.

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For your picture starter,

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you'll see a map of some of the states of India, highlighted

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to reflect the proportion of those states' populations

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that speak a specific primary language.

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The darker the highlighting,

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the higher the proportion of speakers of that language

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within that state.

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For ten points, I want to you to identify the language.

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Urdu.

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No.

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Gujarati?

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No. It's Punjabi.

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OK, so we'll take the picture bonuses in a moment or two,

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but here's another starter question. Ten points for this.

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Which element of the platinum group is alloyed with platinum

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to form the international prototype kilogram?

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Iridium.

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Iridium is right.

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APPLAUSE

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Your picture bonuses are three more maps

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of some of the states of India, again highlighted to reflect

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the proportion of each state's population

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that speaks a specific scheduled language of India

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as a first language.

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In each case, all you have to do

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is to work out which language each map refers to. Firstly...

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-I would say Tamil.

-Tamil.

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Tamil.

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No, it's Telugu. Secondly...

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Portuguese, maybe?

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No, that's dark there, no... OK, then, um...

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Marash... Maratha?

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I don't know.

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Maratha?

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I'll accept that. It's Marathi, yes, or Marati, yes.

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Finally...

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-That would be Bengali.

-Yeah.

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Bengali.

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Bengali is correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Ten points for this.

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"A hard, howling, tossing water scene.

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"Strong tide was washing hero clean."

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These two lines both appear

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in David Shulman's 1936 anagrammatic sonnet,

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in which each line is an anagram of what four-word title,

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denoting a moment in US history

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depicted in a painting by Emanuel Leutze?

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Washington Crossing The Delaware?

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Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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You get a set of bonuses on matrices.

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Firstly, for five points, what term is used

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for a square, real-valued matrix M,

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such that M is equal to the transpose of M?

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Is it...?

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-Inverse? Or...?

-Try that.

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Inverse?

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No, it's a symmetric matrix.

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Secondly, what two-word name describes the matrix M

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if, given any nonzero vector Z,

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the expression, "Z-transpose multiplied by M multiplied by Z"

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is strictly greater than zero?

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Interesting, interesting...

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Is it positive? I don't know.

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Positive?

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No. It's positive-definite matrix.

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Five points for this.

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What name is given to the form of matrix decomposition

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in which a symmetric, real-valued, positive-definite matrix M

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is written in the form L multiplied by L-transpose,

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where L is a lower triangular matrix?

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Don't know.

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Could be dot product, but I don't know if that's...

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A dot product matrix?

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No, it's a Cholesky decomposition.

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Ten points for this.

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Which youth organisation was founded

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by William Alexander Smith in Glasgow in 1883,

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having an emblem consisting of an anchor

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bearing the motto, "Sure and steadfast,"

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circumscribed by the letters BB?

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Boys' Brigade?

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Correct. APPLAUSE

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These bonuses are on a church in Florence, Edinburgh.

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Firstly, noted for its many works of Gothic and early Renaissance art,

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which Franciscan church in Florence is the burial place

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of Michelangelo, Galileo and Rossini?

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Is it Santa Croce?

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Santa Croce?

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Santa Croce is correct, the Church Of The Holy Cross.

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From an 1817 account of his sensations

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on seeing Giotto's frescoes at Santa Croce,

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which French novelist's name is given to a syndrome

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caused by a marked emotional reaction

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to viewing a great number of artworks in a short time?

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Nominate Smith.

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Stendhal.

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Stendhal is correct.

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In Santa Croce With No Baedeker

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is the title of the second chapter in which novel of 1908?

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A Room With A View?

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Correct. APPLAUSE

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Ten points for this starter question.

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When they have each of the vowels placed between them in turn

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in the order A, E, I, O, U,

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which two consonants produce three-letter words

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that can mean "took an exam", "solidified"...

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S and T.

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Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Right, these bonuses are on the Lancashire-born astronomer

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William Lassell.

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Firstly, which satellite did Lassell discover in 1846,

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only weeks after the discovery of the planet that it orbits?

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Slightly smaller than Earth's moon,

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it bears the name of a merman in Greek mythology.

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-Triton.

-Triton?

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Correct.

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Lassell is often credited with the discovery in 1851

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of which two moons of Uranus?

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They bear the names of characters in Alexander Pope's poem

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The Rape Of The Lock.

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It's Ariel and Belinda, but it could be...

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Ariel and Belinda?

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-Oberon and Miranda are Shakespeare.

-Yeah.

-So, yeah, go for...

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Ariel and Belinda.

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No, it's Ariel and Umbriel.

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And finally, which satellite of Saturn was discovered by Lassell,

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and independently by William and George Bond?

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It shares its name with a fragmentary poetic epic

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by John Keats.

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-Keats...

-Could be Hyperion.

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-Hyperion.

-Hyperion.

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Hyperion.

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Correct.

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Ten points for this.

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Quote, "He shared with Shakespeare the same sense of character,

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"of the freedom which a character can possess

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"in a great work of art."

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These words, of the academic John Bailey,

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refer to which literary figure, born in 1799?

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They appear in a commemorative work subtitled

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"A Celebration Of Russia's Best-Loved Writer."

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Pushkin?

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Pushkin is right.

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APPLAUSE

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These bonuses are on Western Europe, Edinburgh.

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The UN Statistics Division defines Western Europe as including

0:14:070:14:11

France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg,

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Switzerland, Germany and Austria,

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a total area of around 1.1 million square kilometres.

0:14:150:14:19

Which crescent-shaped autonomous region of China

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is the closest in size to that?

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Maybe the... Is that Inner Mongolia?

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Or is it Outer Mongolia? Which is the...?

0:14:300:14:32

-It would be inner relative to China.

-Yeah, Inner.

-Yeah.

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Inner Mongolia?

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Correct.

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Adding Italy, Spain and Portugal to the above figure

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gives a total area of just over 2 million square kilometres.

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Which Canadian territory has an area closest to that?

0:14:440:14:47

I want to say Nunavut, I think is the biggest one.

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The northern ones are the biggest.

0:14:500:14:52

So Nunavut, the Northwestern Territory...

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I have no idea. Go for Nunavut.

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Nunavut?

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Correct. Finally, adding the UK and Ireland

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gives a total of 2.32 million square kilometres,

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an area slightly smaller than that of which Australian state?

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-Western Australia is the biggest one?

-Yeah.

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Western Australia?

0:15:130:15:15

That is correct.

0:15:150:15:16

Right, we're going to take a music round now.

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For your music starter, you're going to hear a piece of classical music.

0:15:210:15:24

For ten points, I want you to identify the composer.

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ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

0:15:270:15:29

Shostakovich?

0:15:310:15:32

No. You can hear a little more, Wolfson.

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MUSIC CONTINUES

0:15:350:15:37

Saint-Saens.

0:15:400:15:41

Correct. It's part of the Danse Macabre.

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APPLAUSE

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You're going to hear three more dances of death for your bonuses,

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in each case I want you to identify the composer.

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Firstly, this Russian composer.

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OPERATIC SOLO PLAYS

0:15:530:16:01

THEY CONFER

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Prokofiev?

0:16:070:16:09

No, that was the Trepak

0:16:090:16:11

from Mussorgsky's Songs And Dances Of Death.

0:16:110:16:13

Secondly, another Russian composer.

0:16:130:16:16

ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

0:16:160:16:21

THEY CONFER

0:16:210:16:24

Prokofiev.

0:16:240:16:25

No, that's Shostakovich.

0:16:250:16:27

And, finally, this Austrian composer, please.

0:16:270:16:30

ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

0:16:300:16:33

THEY CONFER

0:16:330:16:36

Beethoven.

0:16:360:16:38

No.

0:16:380:16:39

That was from Schubert's String Quartet Number 14,

0:16:390:16:41

known as Death And The Maiden.

0:16:410:16:43

Ten points for this.

0:16:430:16:44

Answer as soon as your name is called.

0:16:440:16:47

Reading the periodic table from the top down,

0:16:470:16:50

the symbols of the first, fourth and fifth halogen elements

0:16:500:16:55

spell which Latin subjunctive form?

0:16:550:16:57

This is getting embarrassing.

0:17:050:17:07

LAUGHTER

0:17:070:17:08

Fiat?

0:17:080:17:09

Fiat is correct, yes, well done.

0:17:090:17:11

APPLAUSE

0:17:110:17:12

You get a set of bonuses... Got there in the end, well done.

0:17:140:17:17

You get a set of bonuses on Susan Sontag, Wolfson.

0:17:170:17:20

In an eponymous work of 1977, what creative pursuit did Sontag say

0:17:200:17:26

"has become almost as widely practised an amusement

0:17:260:17:29

"as sex and dancing?"

0:17:290:17:31

-Watching television?

-I thought photography?

0:17:330:17:37

Watching TV?

0:17:370:17:38

No, it's photography.

0:17:380:17:40

How you can think watching television is a creative pursuit,

0:17:400:17:43

I don't know. LAUGHTER

0:17:430:17:44

Right, five points for this.

0:17:440:17:46

A 1999 article by Susan Sontag bore the title

0:17:460:17:49

"Why Are We In..." which Balkan region?

0:17:490:17:53

NATO intervention resolved a conflict there, and by 2008,

0:17:530:17:57

the US and many EU member states had recognised its independence.

0:17:570:18:01

Kosovo, yeah? Kosovo.

0:18:010:18:03

Correct. In a 1982 speech,

0:18:030:18:05

what precise ideology did Sontag describe as

0:18:050:18:08

"the most successful variant of fascism,

0:18:080:18:11

"fascism with a human face"?

0:18:110:18:14

-Patriotism? Or nationalism?

-Nationalism?

0:18:150:18:18

Nationalism?

0:18:180:18:19

I don't...

0:18:190:18:21

Nationalism?

0:18:210:18:22

No, it's communism.

0:18:220:18:24

Ten points for this.

0:18:240:18:25

The winner of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry,

0:18:250:18:28

which British X-ray crystallographer was instrumental in...?

0:18:280:18:32

Hodgkin?

0:18:320:18:34

It was Dorothy Hodgkin, yes.

0:18:340:18:35

APPLAUSE

0:18:350:18:38

These bonuses are on the human skeleton, Wolfson.

0:18:380:18:41

The name of which bone in the arm

0:18:410:18:43

is the Latin for the spoke of a wheel or a pointed rod?

0:18:430:18:46

-Fibula, radius...

-Radius?

0:18:460:18:48

Radius?

0:18:480:18:50

Correct.

0:18:500:18:51

The name of which bone in the leg is the Latin for a pipe or flute?

0:18:510:18:55

-Fibula.

-Fibula?

0:18:550:18:56

Fibula.

0:18:560:18:57

No, it's tibia.

0:18:570:18:59

And finally, supposedly resembling the pin of a fastening,

0:18:590:19:03

which bone in the leg takes its name from the Latin for a brooch?

0:19:030:19:06

-That's fibula.

-Fibula.

0:19:060:19:07

That is the fibula, yes.

0:19:070:19:09

Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

0:19:090:19:10

From a Tupi-Guarani word, what is the common name of Panthera onca,

0:19:100:19:15

the largest New World member of the cat family?

0:19:150:19:18

Jaguar?

0:19:180:19:19

Jaguar is right.

0:19:190:19:20

APPLAUSE

0:19:200:19:22

Your bonuses this time, Edinburgh, are on film titles

0:19:240:19:27

that include the name of a food grain.

0:19:270:19:29

In each case, name the work from the description.

0:19:290:19:32

Firstly, a 1914 melodrama

0:19:320:19:34

adapted from an autobiographical novel by Jack London.

0:19:340:19:37

Its title refers to a traditional representation of alcohol.

0:19:370:19:41

Jack London...

0:19:420:19:44

-Representation of...?

-I don't know, grain... Something...

0:19:460:19:50

Wheat, something about wheat?

0:19:500:19:52

-It's not usually wheat...

-Rye?

-Rye, oh...

0:19:520:19:55

-Don't know.

-Yeah, we don't know.

0:19:550:19:57

It's John Barleycorn.

0:19:570:19:59

Secondly, a 1987 film by the Chinese director Zhang Yimou.

0:19:590:20:04

The grain in question is widely used in China for distilling.

0:20:040:20:08

Is it rye?

0:20:080:20:11

-I was thinking rice, but...

-Oh.

0:20:110:20:14

-I can't think of anything with rice.

-No.

0:20:140:20:16

I can't think of anything.

0:20:160:20:17

We don't know.

0:20:170:20:18

It's Red Sorghum.

0:20:180:20:20

And finally, a 2006 film by Ken Loach, set in Ireland...

0:20:200:20:23

The Wind That Shakes The Barley.

0:20:230:20:25

The Wind That Shakes The Barley is correct.

0:20:250:20:27

APPLAUSE

0:20:270:20:29

Right, ten points for this.

0:20:290:20:31

Joliba, Mayo Balleo and Kwara

0:20:310:20:34

are among names given to which African river?

0:20:340:20:37

It rises in the Fouta Djallon Highlands and runs for

0:20:370:20:40

more than 4,000km before discharging into the Gulf of Guinea.

0:20:400:20:45

-The Congo?

-No.

0:20:460:20:48

Anyone want to buzz from Edinburgh? You may not confer.

0:20:480:20:50

One of you can buzz.

0:20:500:20:52

The River Niger?

0:20:540:20:55

It is the Niger, yes.

0:20:550:20:56

APPLAUSE

0:20:560:20:59

These bonuses are on South America, Edinburgh.

0:21:000:21:03

Often cited as the highest navigable lake in the world,

0:21:030:21:05

Lake Titicaca straddles the border between which two countries?

0:21:050:21:10

-Peru and Bolivia?

-Correct.

0:21:100:21:12

Secondly, a large...

0:21:120:21:14

Why is it so funny?

0:21:140:21:16

LAUGHTER

0:21:160:21:17

Secondly, a large, low-lying grassland plain

0:21:170:21:20

in the drainage basin of the Orinoco River,

0:21:200:21:23

the region known as Los Llanos is shared between which two countries?

0:21:230:21:27

-Venezuela?

-Yeah, Venezuela.

0:21:270:21:30

What's the other one, though? I think it's...

0:21:300:21:33

-Guyana?

-Is it...?

0:21:330:21:35

-Suriname?

-I think it's Suriname.

0:21:350:21:37

I have northern than... I think it's more north.

0:21:370:21:39

-Are you sure?

-I don't know. So...

-OK.

0:21:390:21:41

Try Guyana.

0:21:410:21:43

Guyana and Venezuela?

0:21:430:21:44

No, it's Colombia and Venezuela.

0:21:440:21:46

And finally, Aconcagua, the highest mountain in South America,

0:21:460:21:50

lies close to the border between which two countries?

0:21:500:21:52

Chile and Argentina.

0:21:520:21:53

Correct.

0:21:530:21:55

We're going to take a second picture round now.

0:21:550:21:57

For your picture starter, you'll see a picture of a scientist.

0:21:570:22:00

Ten points if you can identify him.

0:22:000:22:02

Mendeleev?

0:22:050:22:06

It is Mendeleev, yes.

0:22:060:22:08

APPLAUSE

0:22:080:22:10

He was the father of the periodic table,

0:22:100:22:12

he also gives his name to element 101, mendelevium.

0:22:120:22:16

Your picture bonuses are photographs of three more scientists

0:22:160:22:19

who have chemical elements named after them.

0:22:190:22:21

For the five points, in each case,

0:22:210:22:22

I just need the name of the scientist.

0:22:220:22:24

Firstly, for five.

0:22:240:22:26

-That's Bohr.

-Bohr.

-That's Bohr.

0:22:270:22:29

Bohr.

0:22:290:22:30

It is Niels Bohr. Secondly...

0:22:300:22:32

-Is it Curie?

-That's...

-Meitner?

-That's Meitner.

0:22:330:22:36

Meitner?

0:22:360:22:37

It is Lise Meitner. And finally...

0:22:370:22:39

-That's Rutherford.

-Yeah.

0:22:400:22:42

Rutherford.

0:22:420:22:43

It is Ernest Rutherford, yes.

0:22:430:22:44

APPLAUSE

0:22:440:22:46

Ten points at stake for this starter question.

0:22:460:22:48

Hallucinations and Awakenings

0:22:480:22:50

are works by which British neurologist who died in 2015? He...

0:22:500:22:56

Oliver Sacks?

0:22:560:22:57

Oliver Sacks is right, yes.

0:22:570:22:59

APPLAUSE

0:22:590:23:01

Wolfson, these bonuses are on chemistry.

0:23:010:23:04

In chemistry, the space-filling CPK molecular models

0:23:040:23:08

are named after Walter Koltun and which two other scientists?

0:23:080:23:12

I only need their surnames.

0:23:120:23:14

-PK, PK...

-Don't know.

0:23:140:23:16

-Just pass, then?

-Yeah, pass.

0:23:170:23:20

-Is it Khan...? I don't know.

-Nominate Chaudhri.

0:23:200:23:23

Made up... Pearl and Khan?

0:23:230:23:26

No, it's Corey and Pauling.

0:23:260:23:28

In the CPK colour code, carbon is black and oxygen is red.

0:23:280:23:32

What colour is phosphorus?

0:23:320:23:34

Yellow?

0:23:340:23:35

White.

0:23:350:23:37

White.

0:23:370:23:38

No, it's purple.

0:23:380:23:39

Finally, which element is sky-blue in the CPK code?

0:23:390:23:42

-Nitrogen?

-Nitrogen.

0:23:420:23:44

Nitrogen?

0:23:440:23:46

Nitrogen is right. Four-and-a-half minutes to go, ten points for this.

0:23:460:23:49

The Grito de Dolores, or Cry Of Dolores,

0:23:490:23:51

is often considered to be the starting point of...

0:23:510:23:54

The Mexican Revolution.

0:23:540:23:56

I'll accept that, yes.

0:23:560:23:57

APPLAUSE

0:23:570:23:58

Here are your bonuses. They're on books about language, Wolfson.

0:23:580:24:02

In the 2014 book The Language Myth,

0:24:020:24:05

Vyvyan Evans, Professor of Linguistics at Bangor University,

0:24:050:24:08

attempts to refute both the notion of a language instinct,

0:24:080:24:12

and which US linguist's idea of an inborn...?

0:24:120:24:15

Noam Chomsky.

0:24:150:24:16

Correct.

0:24:160:24:17

Which Canadian-American psychologist is the author of the 1994 book

0:24:170:24:21

The Language Instinct: How The Mind Creates Language?

0:24:210:24:24

Pinker.

0:24:240:24:26

Correct. Which Paris-born US literary critic

0:24:260:24:28

took issue with the formulaics of Chomsky's language theory

0:24:280:24:31

in After Babel: Aspects Of Language And Translation?

0:24:310:24:35

Strauss?

0:24:370:24:38

It was George Steiner. Ten points for this.

0:24:380:24:40

Listen carefully, answer as soon as your name is called.

0:24:400:24:43

Give both the month and the year in which King Edward VIII

0:24:430:24:46

abdicated the British throne.

0:24:460:24:48

July 1936.

0:24:500:24:52

Anyone like to buzz from Edinburgh?

0:24:520:24:54

February 1936?

0:24:570:24:58

No, it was December 1936.

0:24:580:25:00

Ten points for this.

0:25:000:25:02

In the life cycle of all endopterygote insects, that is,

0:25:020:25:06

those showing holometabolism,

0:25:060:25:08

what is the specific term for the stage that hatches from an egg?

0:25:080:25:11

Larvae.

0:25:130:25:14

Larvae is correct.

0:25:140:25:15

APPLAUSE

0:25:150:25:17

These bonuses are on words ending in the letters ZA.

0:25:170:25:22

In each case, I want you to give the word from the description.

0:25:220:25:25

Firstly, a thin, plain-weave, sheer fabric

0:25:250:25:29

traditionally made from silk.

0:25:290:25:31

Is that... It's...

0:25:310:25:34

-Taffeta, no, but that's not...

-No.

0:25:340:25:36

Pass.

0:25:360:25:38

It's organza.

0:25:380:25:39

Secondly, a head cold causing discharge from the nose or eyes.

0:25:390:25:43

Influenza.

0:25:430:25:44

No, it's coryza.

0:25:440:25:45

And finally, an annual music festival created by

0:25:450:25:49

Perry Farrell, of the US rock band Jane's Addiction.

0:25:490:25:53

Lollapalooza?

0:25:530:25:54

Correct.

0:25:540:25:55

Two minutes to go, ten points for this.

0:25:550:25:57

What was the original language

0:25:570:25:58

of the novels published in English as The Betrothed, The...

0:25:580:26:02

Italian?

0:26:020:26:03

Correct.

0:26:030:26:05

APPLAUSE

0:26:050:26:07

These bonuses are on English counties,

0:26:070:26:10

all three answers end in -shire.

0:26:100:26:12

The first three letters of the name of which county

0:26:120:26:15

spell out a machine part used, for example,

0:26:150:26:17

to transform rotary motion into linear motion?

0:26:170:26:20

Cambridgeshire.

0:26:200:26:21

Correct. The first three letters of the name of which county

0:26:210:26:24

spell a Polynesian garland of flowers, shells or feathers?

0:26:240:26:28

-Lei.

-Lei, Leicestershire.

0:26:280:26:30

Leicestershire.

0:26:300:26:31

Correct.

0:26:310:26:32

Finally, the first three letters of the name of which county

0:26:320:26:34

spell the nickname of an Argentinian-born revolutionary...?

0:26:340:26:37

Cheshire.

0:26:370:26:38

Cheshire is correct.

0:26:380:26:39

APPLAUSE

0:26:390:26:41

Ten points for this.

0:26:410:26:43

Brian Ferneyhough's Unity Capsule,

0:26:430:26:45

Arthur Honegger's Danse De La Chevre,

0:26:450:26:48

and Claude Debussy's Syrinx

0:26:480:26:50

are all solo compositions for which woodwind instrument?

0:26:500:26:54

Clarinet.

0:26:540:26:55

No.

0:26:550:26:57

Flute.

0:26:570:26:58

It's the flute.

0:26:580:26:59

APPLAUSE

0:26:590:27:01

These bonuses are on medical conditions of the spine, Edinburgh.

0:27:010:27:05

From the Greek meaning "bent", which medical condition

0:27:050:27:08

is characterised by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

0:27:080:27:12

THEY CONFER

0:27:120:27:16

-We'd better have this, please.

-We don't know.

0:27:160:27:19

It's scoliosis.

0:27:190:27:20

From the Greek meaning "bent backwards", what name is given

0:27:200:27:22

to the condition characterised by an inward curvature of the spine?

0:27:220:27:26

It's something...

0:27:260:27:27

It's saddle back on horses.

0:27:270:27:29

Come on, let's have it.

0:27:290:27:30

-Endoscoliosis?

-Endoscoliosis?

0:27:300:27:32

No, it's lordosis.

0:27:320:27:33

And finally, from the Greek for "hump"

0:27:330:27:35

and commonly known as hunchback, what is the medical term

0:27:350:27:38

for an excessive outward curvature of the spine?

0:27:380:27:40

Don't know.

0:27:430:27:44

No.

0:27:440:27:45

We don't know.

0:27:450:27:47

It's kyphosis. Ten points for this.

0:27:470:27:48

The suffix "-wich", that's "W-I-C-H,"

0:27:480:27:52

in the names of towns...

0:27:520:27:53

Sand...

0:27:530:27:54

Salt production. Salt. They're producers of salt.

0:27:540:27:56

I have to take the first thing that you buzz in to say,

0:27:560:27:59

-and you said sand.

-Yes. Sorry.

0:27:590:28:01

And there's no point in my giving it to the other side,

0:28:010:28:04

cos you've told them what the answer is. It is salt, of course.

0:28:040:28:06

GONG And at the gong,

0:28:060:28:08

Wolfson College Cambridge have 160,

0:28:080:28:10

but Edinburgh University have 195.

0:28:100:28:12

APPLAUSE

0:28:120:28:14

Well, Wolfson, you came back very strongly.

0:28:170:28:20

We will certainly be seeing you again in another quarterfinal,

0:28:200:28:23

possibly, who knows, beyond that?

0:28:230:28:25

Edinburgh, congratulations.

0:28:250:28:27

That was a terrific performance from you,

0:28:270:28:29

and we shall look forward to seeing you in the semifinals.

0:28:290:28:31

I hope you can join us next time for another quarterfinal match,

0:28:310:28:34

but until then, it's goodbye from Wolfson College Cambridge.

0:28:340:28:37

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

0:28:370:28:39

It's goodbye from Edinburgh University.

0:28:390:28:40

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

0:28:400:28:42

APPLAUSE

0:28:420:28:44

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