Pennod 1 Defodau Dewi Sant
Similar Content
Browse content similar to Pennod 1. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
Transcript
| Line | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
-888 | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:00:00 | 0:00:01 | |
-The Welsh have celebrated -St David's Day on 1 March... | 0:00:01 | 0:00:04 | |
-..for centuries. | 0:00:05 | 0:00:06 | |
-How would they have celebrated -during the Age of the Princes... | 0:00:07 | 0:00:10 | |
-..when David was canonised. | 0:00:11 | 0:00:12 | |
-What kind of music -would they have sung and heard? | 0:00:13 | 0:00:16 | |
-I'm embarking on a journey -to discover the clues... | 0:00:16 | 0:00:19 | |
-..that will revive Welsh music -from the Middle Ages. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:23 | |
-888 | 0:00:26 | 0:00:28 | |
-888 | 0:00:32 | 0:00:34 | |
-888 | 0:00:38 | 0:00:40 | |
-888 | 0:00:44 | 0:00:46 | |
-888 | 0:00:50 | 0:00:51 | |
-888 | 0:00:55 | 0:00:57 | |
-A Musical Journey | 0:00:59 | 0:01:02 | |
-I'm an incomer. | 0:01:05 | 0:01:07 | |
-I was born near Birmingham. | 0:01:07 | 0:01:09 | |
-I had no connection to Wales -and couldn't speak Welsh. | 0:01:10 | 0:01:14 | |
-But I was charmed by the country, -its people and its music. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:18 | |
-Today, I'm a lecturer -at Bangor University... | 0:01:18 | 0:01:21 | |
-..specialising in early Welsh music. | 0:01:22 | 0:01:24 | |
-I've been granted special access -to the National Library's archives. | 0:01:25 | 0:01:30 | |
-For the first time, I will -be allowed to see and touch... | 0:01:30 | 0:01:35 | |
-..a musical manuscript which -includes a special service... | 0:01:35 | 0:01:39 | |
-..to St David - -The Penpont Antiphonal. | 0:01:40 | 0:01:42 | |
-I'm going to open the book now. | 0:01:43 | 0:01:45 | |
-Since it's such a rare -and fragile book... | 0:01:45 | 0:01:48 | |
-..I have to be extremely careful. | 0:01:49 | 0:01:52 | |
-It's heavy - it's hard -to believe how heavy it is. | 0:01:52 | 0:01:57 | |
-I've never seen this book before. | 0:01:59 | 0:02:03 | |
-What strikes me immediately... | 0:02:05 | 0:02:07 | |
-..is the quality of the writing. | 0:02:07 | 0:02:10 | |
-The decoration and the notation -are remarkable. | 0:02:13 | 0:02:17 | |
-There are hours and hours -of music in this book. | 0:02:26 | 0:02:30 | |
-Chanting or simple plainsong. | 0:02:31 | 0:02:34 | |
-This part of the book -is completely unique to Wales. | 0:02:34 | 0:02:40 | |
-As I turn the page very carefully... | 0:02:41 | 0:02:45 | |
-..I reach the service for St David. | 0:02:48 | 0:02:51 | |
-"In festo Sancti David." | 0:02:53 | 0:02:56 | |
-It's an honour to be here. | 0:03:02 | 0:03:04 | |
-I'm starting to understand -the composition of the music. | 0:03:04 | 0:03:09 | |
-I can almost hear -the clergymen singing. | 0:03:09 | 0:03:14 | |
-These notes haven't been sung -in a service for 500 years. | 0:03:16 | 0:03:23 | |
-My hope is to revive this music... | 0:03:24 | 0:03:28 | |
-..and present the music -that was performed... | 0:03:28 | 0:03:33 | |
-..in St David's Cathedral -during the Age of the Princes. | 0:03:34 | 0:03:37 | |
-By the end of the programme, -we'll have a special performance... | 0:03:44 | 0:03:49 | |
-..of the Latin Office of St David -by the Consort Alamire. | 0:03:49 | 0:03:53 | |
-To fully appreciate -this remarkable music... | 0:03:53 | 0:03:56 | |
-..we have to first understand... | 0:03:56 | 0:03:59 | |
-..more about the world -and the people who created it. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:03 | |
-Come with me -on a musical pilgrimage. | 0:04:03 | 0:04:06 | |
-I don't have to travel far -to find my first clue. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:20 | |
-The first part of this Middle Age -jigsaw is only a stone's throw away. | 0:04:20 | 0:04:25 | |
-This is Llanbadarn Fawr Church, -not far from the National Library. | 0:04:27 | 0:04:32 | |
-During the Age of the Princes, -this site was an important centre. | 0:04:32 | 0:04:40 | |
-It was home to a community -of clerics and singers. | 0:04:40 | 0:04:45 | |
-It was also home to Rhygyfarch, one -of our nation's foremost writers. | 0:04:45 | 0:04:52 | |
-If we look at Wales -in the 11th Century... | 0:04:54 | 0:04:57 | |
-..the learned people -would be found in Llanbadarn. | 0:04:57 | 0:05:01 | |
-Rhygyfarch, his father Sulien... | 0:05:02 | 0:05:04 | |
-..his brother Ieuan -and their descendants... | 0:05:04 | 0:05:07 | |
-..were central to Welsh education -at the time. | 0:05:08 | 0:05:11 | |
-There was a family university -in Llanbadarn. | 0:05:11 | 0:05:15 | |
-Rhygyfarch was an important man -in his day. | 0:05:15 | 0:05:21 | |
-He also plays an important part... | 0:05:21 | 0:05:23 | |
-..in our story. | 0:05:24 | 0:05:26 | |
-Without him, we would probably -never have heard of St David. | 0:05:26 | 0:05:31 | |
-Rhygyfarch chronicled the life -of St David in Buchedd Dewi... | 0:05:33 | 0:05:39 | |
-..some time before the end -of the 11th century. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:43 | |
-His story was used as a basis -for the service of St David. | 0:05:43 | 0:05:48 | |
-It included some of the readings -and chants. | 0:05:48 | 0:05:52 | |
-Using Rhygyfarch's readings... | 0:05:53 | 0:05:56 | |
-..the service of St David -became truly unique... | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
-..to the Church of the Middle Ages -in Wales. | 0:05:59 | 0:06:03 | |
-His work has ensured that we can -celebrate St David's Day on 1 March. | 0:06:03 | 0:06:09 | |
-Rhygyfarch is our source -for the entire life of St David. | 0:06:09 | 0:06:14 | |
-St David only drank water... | 0:06:14 | 0:06:16 | |
-..he worked hard, -his mother was Non... | 0:06:17 | 0:06:19 | |
-..and his father a saint -of one of Ceredigion's princes. | 0:06:20 | 0:06:23 | |
-Rhygyfarch also wrote about the -ground rising up beneath his feet... | 0:06:24 | 0:06:28 | |
-..in Llanddewi Brefi. | 0:06:28 | 0:06:30 | |
-When you consider -the landscape of Ceredigion... | 0:06:30 | 0:06:33 | |
-..it's hard to think -of a more unnecessary miracle... | 0:06:33 | 0:06:37 | |
-..than creating another hill. | 0:06:37 | 0:06:39 | |
-All this information -was chronicled by Rhygyfarch. | 0:06:39 | 0:06:42 | |
-Rhygyfarch wrote Buchedd Dewi -600 years after St David's death. | 0:06:43 | 0:06:47 | |
-It comes as no surprise -that these tales... | 0:06:48 | 0:06:51 | |
-..are more fiction -than accurate biographical fact. | 0:06:51 | 0:06:55 | |
-But these stories weren't written -by pure accident. | 0:06:55 | 0:06:59 | |
-Rhygyfarch was cleverer than that. | 0:06:59 | 0:07:02 | |
-Rhygyfarch was driven by political -reasons when he wrote Buchedd Dewi. | 0:07:02 | 0:07:07 | |
-He was trying to prove that St -David's had been an archbishopric... | 0:07:07 | 0:07:12 | |
-..and that St David -had been responsible... | 0:07:12 | 0:07:15 | |
-..for the archbishops of Wales. | 0:07:15 | 0:07:18 | |
-In some ways, he was seeking... | 0:07:18 | 0:07:20 | |
-..ecclesiastical self-government -for Wales. | 0:07:20 | 0:07:23 | |
-The cult emerged from his writings. | 0:07:23 | 0:07:26 | |
-The Age of the Princes in Wales -was a turbulent period. | 0:07:27 | 0:07:31 | |
-The Norsemen -had barely left Wales... | 0:07:32 | 0:07:34 | |
-..when the Norman Invasion -was about to begin. | 0:07:34 | 0:07:38 | |
-Rebellion was a constant threat. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:41 | |
-Life wasn't easy -for the common folk of Wales. | 0:07:41 | 0:07:45 | |
-As I drove to north Wales... | 0:07:45 | 0:07:47 | |
-..I wondered what kind of music -would they have heard... | 0:07:47 | 0:07:51 | |
-..outside the church walls? | 0:07:51 | 0:07:53 | |
-They probably played music -in rural Wales at the time. | 0:07:54 | 0:08:01 | |
-Gerald of Wales -or Giraldus Cambrensis... | 0:08:01 | 0:08:05 | |
-..wrote about music in Wales... | 0:08:05 | 0:08:09 | |
-..especially instrumental music. | 0:08:09 | 0:08:12 | |
-Welsh people were experts -at playing the harp and the crwth. | 0:08:12 | 0:08:19 | |
-The crwth was very similar -to a violin. | 0:08:19 | 0:08:22 | |
-The common folk of the time... | 0:08:41 | 0:08:43 | |
-..would have heard -and performed music. | 0:08:44 | 0:08:46 | |
-People have sung and danced -for as long as we can remember. | 0:08:47 | 0:08:51 | |
-We have good descriptions -by Gerald of Wales... | 0:08:51 | 0:08:54 | |
-..about men and women -dancing and singing... | 0:08:54 | 0:08:57 | |
-..as they celebrated -the Mabsant festival near Brecon. | 0:08:57 | 0:09:01 | |
-We're not entirely sure which kind -of music they performed... | 0:09:01 | 0:09:05 | |
-..since it wasn't chronicled. | 0:09:06 | 0:09:08 | |
-The vocal tradition -has lasted longer in Wales... | 0:09:14 | 0:09:18 | |
-..that almost anywhere else -in Europe. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:20 | |
-We have no record -of early folk music... | 0:09:21 | 0:09:25 | |
-..but this is not to say -that it didn't exist. | 0:09:25 | 0:09:28 | |
-It did exist - it's always existed. | 0:09:28 | 0:09:32 | |
-There was a strong secular -vocal tradition... | 0:09:34 | 0:09:37 | |
-..in mainland Europe at the time. | 0:09:38 | 0:09:40 | |
-Melodies, songs and dances -have survived... | 0:09:40 | 0:09:43 | |
-..from the 11th and 12th centuries. | 0:09:43 | 0:09:46 | |
-In the south of France... | 0:09:46 | 0:09:48 | |
-..troubadours praised -their patrons through song... | 0:09:49 | 0:09:53 | |
-..and sang love songs. | 0:09:53 | 0:09:55 | |
-Further north, -the trouveres also performed. | 0:09:55 | 0:09:59 | |
-We can surmise that some of this -influenced Welsh music. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:04 | |
-Wales was the land of song... | 0:10:09 | 0:10:12 | |
-..before during and after -the Age of the Princes. | 0:10:13 | 0:10:16 | |
-The music we're about to hear -was written after this age... | 0:10:16 | 0:10:21 | |
-..but this was probably the type -of music our forefathers heard... | 0:10:21 | 0:10:26 | |
-..in the Middle Ages. | 0:10:26 | 0:10:28 | |
-888 | 0:11:48 | 0:11:48 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:11:48 | 0:11:50 | |
-I'm on a journey to discover more... | 0:11:51 | 0:11:54 | |
-..about Wales and its music -during the Age of the Princes. | 0:11:54 | 0:11:58 | |
-The Penpont Antiphonal has already -revealed some musical secrets. | 0:11:58 | 0:12:03 | |
-Its notes were written during -a time when Wales was independent... | 0:12:03 | 0:12:08 | |
-..and had plenty to sing about. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:11 | |
-I'm about to explore -a darker period in our history. | 0:12:13 | 0:12:17 | |
-This is a time of great wars. | 0:12:20 | 0:12:22 | |
-A time of castle-building -and sieges. | 0:12:22 | 0:12:25 | |
-A time of fear and savagery. | 0:12:27 | 0:12:30 | |
-This is the time -of the Norman Invasion. | 0:12:30 | 0:12:33 | |
-Edward I wanted -complete control over Wales... | 0:12:36 | 0:12:40 | |
-..its princes, its people... | 0:12:40 | 0:12:42 | |
-..and its religion. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:45 | |
-This wasn't going to be -easy for him. | 0:12:46 | 0:12:50 | |
-Wales wanted to retain its religious -and spiritual independence... | 0:12:51 | 0:12:57 | |
-..especially in north Wales. | 0:12:58 | 0:13:00 | |
-I've reached Bangor. | 0:13:00 | 0:13:02 | |
-I'm a lecturer -at the university here. | 0:13:03 | 0:13:06 | |
-But I'm not here -to lecture anyone today! | 0:13:06 | 0:13:09 | |
-I have something to show you. | 0:13:09 | 0:13:12 | |
-We have very few records of the -music from the Age of the Princes. | 0:13:14 | 0:13:18 | |
-We have the Penpont Antiphonal -in the National Library... | 0:13:18 | 0:13:22 | |
-..and one other important manuscript -which gives us the second clue. | 0:13:22 | 0:13:27 | |
-This originates from the age of -oppression - the Bangor Pontifical. | 0:13:28 | 0:13:33 | |
-Every time I open this book... | 0:13:34 | 0:13:36 | |
-..I appreciate -how special and valuable it is. | 0:13:37 | 0:13:41 | |
-It is associated with someone -very important and, furthermore... | 0:13:41 | 0:13:46 | |
-..it belongs to a family -of manuscripts from England. | 0:13:47 | 0:13:52 | |
-There are prayers, music -and special texts in this book. | 0:13:53 | 0:13:58 | |
-These include a series -of blessings... | 0:13:59 | 0:14:04 | |
-..which were written -by Bishop John Peckham... | 0:14:05 | 0:14:07 | |
-..the Archbishop of Canterbury -at the time. | 0:14:08 | 0:14:11 | |
-He was responsible for ensuring -that the Church in Wales... | 0:14:12 | 0:14:16 | |
-..conformed with -the Church in England at the time. | 0:14:17 | 0:14:22 | |
-200 years -after Buchedd Dewi was written... | 0:14:48 | 0:14:51 | |
-..the Archbishop of Canterbury -travelled around Wales... | 0:14:52 | 0:14:56 | |
-..following Edward I's invasion. | 0:14:56 | 0:14:59 | |
-He visited the main centres to stamp -his authority as the Archbishop. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:04 | |
-He was the primary authority within -the Church in England and Wales. | 0:15:04 | 0:15:08 | |
-He complained about the atrocious -activities that were happening. | 0:15:09 | 0:15:13 | |
-Drunk priests - some married, -some having fathered children... | 0:15:13 | 0:15:18 | |
-..assuming control of property -through unruly means. | 0:15:18 | 0:15:21 | |
-There were rules and guidelines -to follow in the Pontifical... | 0:15:25 | 0:15:30 | |
-..such as which music to sing -during a particular service... | 0:15:31 | 0:15:35 | |
-..what clergymen should wear, -what they should say... | 0:15:35 | 0:15:38 | |
-..and how they should walk. | 0:15:39 | 0:15:41 | |
-Being forced to follow -an alien system... | 0:15:41 | 0:15:44 | |
-..found little approval -among Welsh clergymen. | 0:15:44 | 0:15:47 | |
-With the conquerors -tightening their grip on Wales... | 0:15:48 | 0:15:52 | |
-..there was no choice but -to conform and accept the fact... | 0:15:52 | 0:15:56 | |
-..that they would have to learn -the words of an unfamiliar song. | 0:15:57 | 0:16:01 | |
-The next performance -from the Bangor Pontifical... | 0:16:04 | 0:16:07 | |
-..is testament -to the importance of music... | 0:16:08 | 0:16:10 | |
-..during the Age of the Princes... | 0:16:11 | 0:16:13 | |
-..not only to express devotion -but also to highlight oppression. | 0:16:13 | 0:16:18 | |
-For once, I'm glad to leave Bangor. | 0:17:58 | 0:18:00 | |
-I leave behind Edward I -and his strict bishops... | 0:18:01 | 0:18:04 | |
-..and I head back -to the time of our patron saint. | 0:18:04 | 0:18:09 | |
-The aim of this programme -is to discover what kind of music... | 0:18:09 | 0:18:14 | |
-..would have been sung in St David's -during the Age of the Princes. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:19 | |
-I'm visiting -the British Library in London... | 0:18:19 | 0:18:22 | |
-..to read an important document -about St David's. | 0:18:23 | 0:18:26 | |
-During the Age of the Princes... | 0:18:27 | 0:18:29 | |
-..manuscripts were kept -in religious centres. | 0:18:30 | 0:18:34 | |
-There was a library and scriptorium -in St David's at one time. | 0:18:34 | 0:18:39 | |
-It was destroyed -some centuries later. | 0:18:39 | 0:18:42 | |
-In 1648, a regiment of Parliamentary -soldiers arrived here... | 0:18:44 | 0:18:49 | |
-..with an order to remove -three tons of lead from the roof. | 0:18:49 | 0:18:53 | |
-This they did and, at the same time, -they damaged the windows... | 0:18:53 | 0:18:58 | |
-..the graves and the library. | 0:18:58 | 0:19:00 | |
-Anything that remained -in the library was burnt. | 0:19:01 | 0:19:04 | |
-It's a surprise -that anything survived. | 0:19:04 | 0:19:07 | |
-One of the rare manuscripts -that did survive... | 0:19:08 | 0:19:12 | |
-..is an early copy of -the Acts and Statutes of St David's. | 0:19:12 | 0:19:15 | |
-Here, we find the third clue -in our story. | 0:19:15 | 0:19:19 | |
-There's something in this book... | 0:19:20 | 0:19:23 | |
-..which goes right to the root -of our investigative journey. | 0:19:23 | 0:19:29 | |
-If we read this, it says that -all the bishops and the clergymen... | 0:19:31 | 0:19:38 | |
-..should meet once a year... | 0:19:38 | 0:19:42 | |
-..to celebrate a grand service... | 0:19:42 | 0:19:45 | |
-..on St David's Day - 1 March. | 0:19:46 | 0:19:50 | |
-Towards the bottom of the page, -it outlines... | 0:19:50 | 0:19:53 | |
-..the format of the service - -the words, music and the ceremony. | 0:19:53 | 0:19:59 | |
-It should follow -the ecclesiastical pattern... | 0:20:00 | 0:20:04 | |
-..of Sarum. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:07 | |
-Well, where was Sarum? | 0:20:08 | 0:20:09 | |
-Sarum, or Salisbury, -to use its modern name. | 0:20:14 | 0:20:18 | |
-At the bottom of the hill -is the present cathedral. | 0:20:18 | 0:20:22 | |
-The site of the original cathedral, -in Old Sarum... | 0:20:22 | 0:20:26 | |
-..is where our story continues. | 0:20:26 | 0:20:29 | |
-Here, we find the origin -of the period's music. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:32 | |
-Here, in 1075, the primitive -version of the music... | 0:20:34 | 0:20:41 | |
-..which was later used in churches -across England and Wales... | 0:20:41 | 0:20:48 | |
-..including St David's, -was first played. | 0:20:48 | 0:20:53 | |
-Old Sarum is important because -it was past of the attempt... | 0:20:54 | 0:20:58 | |
-..to create conformity -in church ceremonies. | 0:20:58 | 0:21:01 | |
-It spread very quickly -from Salisbury after 1219... | 0:21:01 | 0:21:05 | |
-..and reached Dublin by 1220 -and St David's by 1224. | 0:21:06 | 0:21:09 | |
-St David's was the most important -church in Wales at the time. | 0:21:09 | 0:21:14 | |
-But Sarum Rite was part -of a wider European tradition... | 0:21:20 | 0:21:26 | |
-..which brought the Anglo-Norman -and the Welsh churches... | 0:21:26 | 0:21:30 | |
-..under the control -of the Pope in Rome. | 0:21:30 | 0:21:35 | |
-We have to remember that a building -such as St David's Cathedral... | 0:21:36 | 0:21:40 | |
-..does not belong to a Welsh -or an English tradition. | 0:21:41 | 0:21:46 | |
-It belongs to an European tradition. | 0:21:46 | 0:21:49 | |
-This is an European building -and the liturgy is also European. | 0:21:49 | 0:21:54 | |
-It reminds us that Wales was part -of Europe in the Middle Ages. | 0:21:55 | 0:21:59 | |
-This was one of the influences -of the Normans. | 0:21:59 | 0:22:03 | |
-It's become apparent to me -that some church-goers in Wales... | 0:22:03 | 0:22:08 | |
-..welcomed this influence. | 0:22:08 | 0:22:10 | |
-They became part -of a wider tradition. | 0:22:10 | 0:22:13 | |
-A little diversion now - down -the road to Salisbury Cathedral. | 0:22:18 | 0:22:22 | |
-Since I'm so close, I'm taking -this opportunity to appreciate... | 0:22:22 | 0:22:28 | |
-..the architecture -of the Middle Ages. | 0:22:29 | 0:22:31 | |
-This majestic building -took around a century to complete... | 0:22:32 | 0:22:36 | |
-..from 1218 onwards. | 0:22:37 | 0:22:39 | |
-Most of our churches -have taken far longer to complete. | 0:22:39 | 0:22:46 | |
-There have been many additions... | 0:22:46 | 0:22:49 | |
-..to the original -St David's Cathedral over the years. | 0:22:49 | 0:22:54 | |
-The music has also developed -through the ages. | 0:22:55 | 0:22:58 | |
-We began in Bangor -with chanting and simple plainsong. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:03 | |
-It developed into multi-voice -singing or polyphony... | 0:23:03 | 0:23:07 | |
-..which were new layers -on the old foundations. | 0:23:07 | 0:23:11 | |
-Plainsong is the basis -of ecclesiastical music... | 0:23:13 | 0:23:17 | |
-..but by the year 900... | 0:23:17 | 0:23:19 | |
-..people realised that two different -voices could sing at the same time. | 0:23:19 | 0:23:26 | |
-That developed over the centuries. | 0:23:26 | 0:23:29 | |
-By the 12th century, -it happened across Europe... | 0:23:29 | 0:23:33 | |
-..in centres in Spain, the South -of France, Northern France... | 0:23:33 | 0:23:38 | |
-..and in Paris, -the music is developed further. | 0:23:38 | 0:23:41 | |
-Music is performed with three -and, sometimes, four voices. | 0:23:42 | 0:23:46 | |
-This would have sounded like -a progression of the ceremonies. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:57 | |
-Polyphony wasn't something -that happened every day. | 0:24:00 | 0:24:04 | |
-It was for specific parts -of the service... | 0:24:04 | 0:24:07 | |
-..or different ceremonies -throughout the year. | 0:24:07 | 0:24:10 | |
-We can only imagine how different -and unique it must have sounded. | 0:24:10 | 0:24:15 | |
-888 | 0:26:54 | 0:26:55 | |
-I'm on a journey -to find Wales's lost music. | 0:26:55 | 0:26:57 | |
-I'm trying to discover -what type of music... | 0:26:58 | 0:27:01 | |
-..would have been heard -in St David's Cathedral... | 0:27:01 | 0:27:05 | |
-..during the Middle Ages. | 0:27:05 | 0:27:07 | |
-My journey has taken me -from Aberystwyth to London. | 0:27:07 | 0:27:11 | |
-In Salisbury, -I discovered the origin... | 0:27:11 | 0:27:15 | |
-..of almost all -the devotional music of the time. | 0:27:15 | 0:27:19 | |
-Sarum chanting -and polyphony singing... | 0:27:19 | 0:27:23 | |
-..was introduced to Wales -in an old-fashioned manner. | 0:27:23 | 0:27:27 | |
-It was carried in -the clergymen's leather satchels... | 0:27:27 | 0:27:31 | |
-..when they visited Wales. | 0:27:32 | 0:27:34 | |
-Some walked, -others travelled on horseback... | 0:27:34 | 0:27:40 | |
-..but most of them sailed. | 0:27:40 | 0:27:43 | |
-They started from the banks -of the River Severn... | 0:27:43 | 0:27:46 | |
-..and sailed all the way -to St David's. | 0:27:46 | 0:27:49 | |
-Another group of travellers -were also heading for Wales... | 0:28:03 | 0:28:07 | |
-..the pilgrims. | 0:28:07 | 0:28:09 | |
-During the Age of the Princes, -pilgrimages were very popular. | 0:28:10 | 0:28:14 | |
-St David's became a very important -destination for the pilgrims. | 0:28:15 | 0:28:19 | |
-During this time, -two pilgrimages to St David's... | 0:28:19 | 0:28:23 | |
-..equated to one pilgrimage -to Rome... | 0:28:23 | 0:28:26 | |
-..but only if you were willing -to walk every step of the way. | 0:28:26 | 0:28:30 | |
-Thank heavens for modern transport! | 0:28:30 | 0:28:32 | |
-The words 'gwyl' and 'gwyliau' -meaning holiday or holy day... | 0:28:40 | 0:28:45 | |
-..suggest that recreation -was a holy occasion. | 0:28:45 | 0:28:50 | |
-Recreational time was spent -on pilgrimages to cleanse the soul. | 0:28:50 | 0:28:57 | |
-Many stories refer to this practice. | 0:28:57 | 0:29:00 | |
-From the 11th century onwards... | 0:29:00 | 0:29:03 | |
-..St David's became a popular -destination for pilgrimages. | 0:29:04 | 0:29:09 | |
-St David's is in a very remote -place - it's almost in the sea. | 0:29:13 | 0:29:18 | |
-It was hard work -reaching St David's. | 0:29:18 | 0:29:21 | |
-Pilgrimages were -very important within Wales... | 0:29:23 | 0:29:28 | |
-..and many Welsh people -made pilgrimages... | 0:29:28 | 0:29:31 | |
-..to Santiago Compostela in Spain. | 0:29:31 | 0:29:34 | |
-The Spanish Government -acknowledged the importance... | 0:29:34 | 0:29:38 | |
-..of the Welsh pilgrimages -to Compostela... | 0:29:38 | 0:29:41 | |
-..by creating a stamp with a picture -of St David's Cathedral on it... | 0:29:42 | 0:29:47 | |
-..to commemorate the pilgrimages -to Compostela. | 0:29:47 | 0:29:50 | |
-The journey to St David's -was long and tiring. | 0:29:51 | 0:29:54 | |
-We can imagine the pilgrims... | 0:29:54 | 0:29:57 | |
-..singing on their journey -to keep spirits high. | 0:29:57 | 0:30:02 | |
-Sometimes, they would sing -religious songs... | 0:30:02 | 0:30:05 | |
-..to maintain the spiritual focus. | 0:30:05 | 0:30:07 | |
-Carols were popular -throughout the year. | 0:30:07 | 0:30:10 | |
-This happened at a time when -a figure as important as St David... | 0:30:11 | 0:30:15 | |
-..had to share centre stage -with the Virgin Mary. | 0:30:15 | 0:30:18 | |
-# My farthing I'll offer -for a locked soul | 0:30:21 | 0:30:30 | |
-# My candle I'll burn -in the parish church | 0:30:31 | 0:30:40 | |
-# And I'll pray the mass deeply -seven times over seven | 0:30:41 | 0:30:49 | |
-# To save his immortal soul | 0:30:49 | 0:30:56 | |
-# In Mary's name | 0:30:57 | 0:31:01 | |
-# In Mary's name | 0:31:02 | 0:31:07 | |
-# In Mary's name | 0:31:09 | 0:31:15 | |
-# St Paul and St Peter | 0:31:18 | 0:31:22 | |
-# And all saints of heaven | 0:31:22 | 0:31:26 | |
-# And Mary, God's Mother | 0:31:27 | 0:31:31 | |
-# Intercede strongly | 0:31:32 | 0:31:35 | |
-# That he may have peace -and worthy release | 0:31:36 | 0:31:44 | |
-# And the open paradise | 0:31:45 | 0:31:49 | |
-# Of his Father's protection | 0:31:49 | 0:31:54 | |
-# In Mary's name | 0:31:56 | 0:32:02 | |
-# In Mary's name # | 0:32:03 | 0:32:11 | |
-The pilgrimages meant far more -than reaching a destination. | 0:32:20 | 0:32:25 | |
-The pilgrims visited churches and -holy sanctuaries on their journey. | 0:32:25 | 0:32:31 | |
-Every additional -song and prayer... | 0:32:31 | 0:32:34 | |
-..contributed -to their spiritual salvation. | 0:32:34 | 0:32:38 | |
-After travelling -so far to the west... | 0:32:42 | 0:32:45 | |
-..the pilgrims would visit -one more location... | 0:32:45 | 0:32:49 | |
-..before reaching the cathedral. | 0:32:49 | 0:32:52 | |
-St David was born here, -in the Church of St Non. | 0:32:52 | 0:32:58 | |
-There was a turbulent storm -during his birth. | 0:32:58 | 0:33:02 | |
-Pilgrims visited this spot not only -to pay homage to St David... | 0:33:02 | 0:33:06 | |
-..but also to his mother, St Non. | 0:33:07 | 0:33:09 | |
-It was an important part -of their pilgrimage. | 0:33:09 | 0:33:13 | |
-St David's. | 0:33:33 | 0:33:35 | |
-I've reached my journey's end. | 0:33:36 | 0:33:38 | |
-It's almost the end of my quest... | 0:33:38 | 0:33:41 | |
-..to discover the music -from the Age of Princes. | 0:33:41 | 0:33:45 | |
-St David's is the smallest city -in Britain. | 0:33:45 | 0:33:48 | |
-During the Age of Princes... | 0:33:48 | 0:33:50 | |
-..it was one of the largest centres -in terms of status and size. | 0:33:51 | 0:33:56 | |
-At that time, St David's was -one of the busiest places in Wales. | 0:33:56 | 0:34:02 | |
-Today, there is -a thriving tourist business here. | 0:34:02 | 0:34:06 | |
-In the Age of Princes... | 0:34:06 | 0:34:07 | |
-..there was a constant stream -of pilgrims, clergymen and kings. | 0:34:08 | 0:34:12 | |
-Henry II visited St David's -on a pilgrimage in 1172. | 0:34:12 | 0:34:16 | |
-That illustrates -the importance of this place. | 0:34:16 | 0:34:21 | |
-St David's was one -of the few places... | 0:34:21 | 0:34:24 | |
-..which could stand side by side... | 0:34:25 | 0:34:27 | |
-..with the great churches -of the Norman world. | 0:34:27 | 0:34:31 | |
-Without pilgrimages, -St David's wouldn't exist. | 0:34:37 | 0:34:40 | |
-It's evident from St David's time, -and certainly after his death... | 0:34:40 | 0:34:44 | |
-..that countless pilgrims -visited here. | 0:34:44 | 0:34:47 | |
-The profits gathered from the gifts -they left in the reliquary... | 0:34:47 | 0:34:53 | |
-..were used to create -the wonderful architecture... | 0:34:53 | 0:34:58 | |
-..you can see in St David's today. | 0:34:58 | 0:35:01 | |
-St David's was the jewel -in the Welsh crown. | 0:35:03 | 0:35:06 | |
-There are numerous references to it -in the literature... | 0:35:06 | 0:35:09 | |
-..of the Middle Ages. | 0:35:10 | 0:35:12 | |
-It would be referred -to as 'Mynyw' or 'Menevia'. | 0:35:12 | 0:35:15 | |
-Iolo Goch wrote -at the end of the 14th century... | 0:35:17 | 0:35:20 | |
-.."My needs are fulfilled -by visiting Menevia thrice... | 0:35:20 | 0:35:25 | |
-.."or by embarking -on a journey to Rome." | 0:35:25 | 0:35:30 | |
-Here, Rome and Menevia -are uttered in the same breath... | 0:35:31 | 0:35:34 | |
-..each being considered -as good as the other. | 0:35:34 | 0:35:37 | |
-We've discovered the final clue -on our journey... | 0:35:39 | 0:35:42 | |
-..the cathedral itself. | 0:35:43 | 0:35:46 | |
-During the Age of Princes, a group -of singers would have performed... | 0:35:46 | 0:35:51 | |
-..the liturgy at this cathedral... | 0:35:51 | 0:35:53 | |
-..from one year to the next. | 0:35:54 | 0:35:56 | |
-It's important to note that St -David's was an important centre... | 0:35:56 | 0:36:00 | |
-..not only for travelling clergymen, -but also for local people. | 0:36:00 | 0:36:04 | |
-When you look -at St David's Cathedral... | 0:36:04 | 0:36:07 | |
-..you must appreciate the two -strong influences on the place. | 0:36:07 | 0:36:11 | |
-On the one hand, -as you look at the building... | 0:36:12 | 0:36:15 | |
-..the strong Norman influence. | 0:36:15 | 0:36:17 | |
-The Normans dominated -the political and cultural life... | 0:36:17 | 0:36:21 | |
-..of Wales at the time. | 0:36:21 | 0:36:23 | |
-On the other hand, you can see the -influence of the Welsh population. | 0:36:23 | 0:36:28 | |
-Before the Norman Invasion, -St David's Cathedral... | 0:36:28 | 0:36:32 | |
-..was originally a mother church. | 0:36:33 | 0:36:36 | |
-That system survived -throughout the Age of the Princes... | 0:36:36 | 0:36:41 | |
-..since they were the patrons -of the church... | 0:36:41 | 0:36:44 | |
-..and even past the death -of Llywelyn The Last. | 0:36:45 | 0:36:48 | |
-The music has also survived. | 0:36:48 | 0:36:51 | |
-Join me in the final part -to hear the echo of the centuries... | 0:36:51 | 0:36:55 | |
-..when we hear the music -that was performed here... | 0:36:56 | 0:37:00 | |
-..during the Age of the Princes. | 0:37:00 | 0:37:02 | |
-888 | 0:37:06 | 0:37:06 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:37:06 | 0:37:08 | |
-Most of the music from the -Age of the Princes has been lost. | 0:37:13 | 0:37:17 | |
-Little of it has survived. | 0:37:17 | 0:37:19 | |
-I've been -on a detective's journey... | 0:37:20 | 0:37:22 | |
-..to piece together -the music of the period. | 0:37:23 | 0:37:26 | |
-My pilgrimage has taken me -from Aberystwyth to Bangor... | 0:37:27 | 0:37:31 | |
-..from Salisbury to London. | 0:37:32 | 0:37:34 | |
-I've now reached St David's, -my journey's end... | 0:37:34 | 0:37:39 | |
-..and the focal point of this story. | 0:37:39 | 0:37:42 | |
-Here, on 1 March, -on a night like tonight... | 0:37:42 | 0:37:46 | |
-..a group of clergymen would have -gathered to sing and read... | 0:37:46 | 0:37:51 | |
-..a majestic service -to our patron saint. | 0:37:51 | 0:37:55 | |
-Join me as I go back in time, -back to a time when these walls... | 0:37:55 | 0:38:02 | |
-..would echo the voices of those -who paid homage to St David. | 0:38:02 | 0:38:07 | |
-We will now listen -to the Latin Office of St David... | 0:38:08 | 0:38:12 | |
-..being sung in this cathedral for -the first time in almost 500 years. | 0:38:12 | 0:38:18 | |
-This is where my journey ends. | 0:38:18 | 0:38:22 | |
-"Dewi walked with -the missionary of the saints... | 0:39:43 | 0:39:46 | |
-.."to the synod which awaited him. | 0:39:47 | 0:39:49 | |
-"When Dewi entered the synod, -the saints rose to greet him... | 0:39:49 | 0:39:54 | |
-.."and wished him well. | 0:39:54 | 0:39:56 | |
-"He started to preach -Jesus's gospel. | 0:39:56 | 0:40:01 | |
-"His voice rang out -like a trumpet... | 0:40:02 | 0:40:04 | |
-.."heard equally by those who were -nearest and those who were furthest. | 0:40:04 | 0:40:09 | |
-"The sun seemed to shine -on everyone as if it were midday... | 0:40:09 | 0:40:14 | |
-.."and the multitude were joyful. | 0:40:14 | 0:40:17 | |
-"When David preached -on the level ground... | 0:40:17 | 0:40:21 | |
-.."the ground rose -like a hill under his feet. | 0:40:21 | 0:40:25 | |
-"It remains a hill which is clear to -all with level land surrounding it. | 0:40:26 | 0:40:33 | |
-"This was the miracle God created -for David in Llanddewi Brefi. | 0:40:34 | 0:40:40 | |
-"David was canonised... | 0:40:41 | 0:40:44 | |
-.."and sovereign of the saints -of the British Isles. | 0:40:44 | 0:40:48 | |
-"On that day, the saints -of these isles and all the kings... | 0:40:48 | 0:40:54 | |
-.."knelt down to worship David. | 0:40:54 | 0:40:58 | |
-"This was his entitlement." | 0:40:58 | 0:41:00 | |
-"On Sunday, -David preached to the multitude... | 0:44:00 | 0:44:05 | |
-.."the like of which -had never previously been heard... | 0:44:05 | 0:44:09 | |
-.."and was never heard again. | 0:44:09 | 0:44:12 | |
-"There had never been -so many people in one place. | 0:44:12 | 0:44:17 | |
-"After completing his sermon... | 0:44:17 | 0:44:19 | |
-.."David blessed all -who were in attendance. | 0:44:19 | 0:44:23 | |
-"When he had finished, he blessed -the crowd and spoke unto them... | 0:44:23 | 0:44:28 | |
-.."Lords, brothers and sisters... | 0:44:29 | 0:44:32 | |
-.."be joyful, -and keep your faith and your creed. | 0:44:32 | 0:44:37 | |
-"Do those little things that you -have seen me do and heard about." | 0:44:37 | 0:44:42 | |
-"I will follow the paths -of our fathers. | 0:44:42 | 0:44:46 | |
-"Be strong in your time -on this earth without me. | 0:44:46 | 0:44:51 | |
-"Soon, you will not see me. | 0:44:52 | 0:44:55 | |
-"The multitude rose in unison and -expressed their sadness with tears. | 0:44:57 | 0:45:02 | |
-"Then he said... | 0:45:03 | 0:45:05 | |
-.."Oh, that the ground -will not swallow us up... | 0:45:05 | 0:45:08 | |
-.."Oh, that the fire -will not come and burn us... | 0:45:08 | 0:45:11 | |
-.."Oh, that the oceans -will not drown us... | 0:45:11 | 0:45:14 | |
-.."Oh, that the mountains -will not fall on us. | 0:45:14 | 0:45:18 | |
-"From the Sunday until the Wednesday -following David's death... | 0:45:18 | 0:45:23 | |
-.."there was no joy and the people -fasted. They prayed in anguish. | 0:45:23 | 0:45:28 | |
-"On the first day of March, -Jesus Christ took St David's soul... | 0:45:29 | 0:45:35 | |
-.."with a great triumph -and joy and honour. | 0:45:36 | 0:45:41 | |
-"After starvation, thirst, -toiling, abstinence and begging... | 0:45:41 | 0:45:48 | |
-.."and concern for the world... | 0:45:48 | 0:45:50 | |
-.."the angels -took his soul to a place... | 0:45:50 | 0:45:53 | |
-.."where there is eternal light -and rest without toil... | 0:45:53 | 0:45:58 | |
-.."and joy without sadness -and an abundance of pleasures. | 0:45:58 | 0:46:02 | |
-"And triumph, radiance and beauty." | 0:46:02 | 0:46:08 | |
-S4/C Subtitles by -Simian 04 | 0:49:20 | 0:49:23 | |
-. | 0:49:23 | 0:49:23 |
