02/08/2011 BBC News at Ten

Signed, sealed and delivered. America avoids a national default

with an eleventh hour vote in the Senate. The deal is done. America's

debt limit goes up by more than $2 trillion.

President Obama says the budget cutting deal is only a first step.

He still wants tax rises for the wealthy.

You can't close the deficit with just spending cuts. We'll need a

balanced approach where everything is on the table.

We'll be looking at the global impact of America's divisive battle

over debt. Also tonight:

Somalia's famine - hundreds of thousands go hungry, caught behind

the front-line. The real battle now is to find a

way to move across the nearby front-lines and get the aid to

where it is needed most. Another former News of the World

executive is arrested as police investigate the phone hacking

scandal. The man with a mechanical heart. A

UK first as Matthew Green prepares Before I couldn't walk anywhere. I

could hardly climb a flight of stairs and now I have been up and I

have I have been walking out and There is no honeymoon for Mike

Tindall, just three days after his wedding he is back in training with

Good evening. With just hours to spare, America

has avoided the national humiliation of not being able to

pay its bills. A vote in the Senate this afternoon means that the

Federal Government's debt limit has been increased by just under $2.5

trillion. The deal comes after some of the most divisive battles in

congress history. Democrats failed to get the tax rises they had once

There has been little to smile about in the last few weeks as the

President and his opponents deeply divide over the economy try to

cobble together a deal, failure followed failure, but now it is

done. Disaster has been averted, but a President who came to power

promising hope and change has been pushed into presiding over cuts. He

sounds cross. It is pretty likely that the

uncertainty surrounding the raising of the debt ceiling for businesses

and consumers has been unsettling and one more impediment to the full

recovery we need. It has come to this because America

is deep in the red. Of every every $1, $1 is borrowed. The Government

will hit the debt ceiling today, but the deal raises it by $2.4

trillion in in return for spending cuts of $2.1 trillion.

This is a victory for Republicans. They turned what has been a routine

vote into a crisis by insisting there would be no more borrowing.

This Is a welcome change in behaviour and I support it. Make no

mistake. This is a change in behaviour. From spend, spend, spend

to cut, cut, cut. Now listen to the Democrats

reaction. To be frank almost everything else about this deal

stinks. It stinks to high heaven. The left of Obama's party is

distraught. I think it will be a real blow. A

weak economy makes it hard for people to get excited about this

President. They see him following public opinion rather than leading

This is a victory for the Tea Party Movement. What started as a series

of local protest has become a force that dominates the Republican Party,

helping them win last year's elections, ensuring their main

demand, a a dramatic reduction in Government spending rocketed to the

top of the political agenda. They got a lot of what they wanted,

but all the Tea Party organisations were against the deal. All the Tea

Party members members in the Congress voted against it. While

they pushed the debate, they weren't smart enough to declare

victory. They pulled back from the brink in

time. The basic problem remains, two parties with very different

visions of America and a system that forces them to agree. The

crisis is over, their struggle The last minute agreement in

America comes on a day of increasing market jitters in the

eurozone. Borrowing costs for the Spanish and Italian governments hit

new highs, signalling a loss of confidence in those economies. Our

economics editor looks at the likely impact of the US deal both

Even with this agreement, many still expect the US to it lose its

top credit rating by the end of the year, but for the moment investors

seem to be more worried about the state of America's recovery. The US

accounts for more than 20% of the world economy, roughly as much as

world economy, roughly as much as all the countries in the EU added

together. The latest figures show the US economy growing by just 0.4%

in the first six months of 2011, even slower than the UK which has

grown by 0.7% in that time. And that's in a year when the US

Government will borrow nearly as much as it did last year. Some fear

much as it did last year. Some fear that steep budget cuts next year

will make a weak recovery even worse. If you don't have that

response of the exchange rate for lower interest rates, fiscal

tightening can be damaging to growth. Our fear is given the

environment we live in. Lots of debt in the private sector in the

West, monetary policy not being able to gain much traction, our

fear is growth will be hit hard next year.

For gooUn the US deal is proof that everyone sees the need to get

deficits under control. If we needed anymore, Italian and Spanish

borrowing costs hit new highs today. Spain's Prime Minister was even

forced to delay his holiday. In Britain, Mr Osbourne could briefly

enjoy the lowest cost of borrowing for any British Government since

1946. The UK has been ahead of other

countries in the speed of its budget cuts. The IMF reckons that

we'll cut our structural budget deficit by 1.5% of GDP this year.

That compares with an average cut of 0en 5% -- 0.5%.

America's long-term budget gap has barely fallen this year. Next year,

we in the UK are looking at roughly the same again. But other countries

will now be squeezing too with cuts of nearly 1% of GDP in the rich

countries as a group and a much larger 2% of GDP tightening in the

US. That sounds like a big shift, but most in Washington expect the

cut will be smaller and some would say the story of the world recovery

these days doesn't start and end with Europe and America.

I think it is not just the US, it is the the G7 and Japan is stuck

with lots of difficulties. China, India, Brazil, Russia, they are the

drivers of the world economy and we are going to have to look more and

more for beneficial impact on what is going on there for us. We are

not going to get a lot of it from inside the G7.

The IMF said today that Britain's recovery would be weaker than the

Government hopes in part due to the pace of budget cuts, but the fund

does not think there any better alternatives out there. The

question is whether the same gloomy prognosis applies to America and

Thank you. There are fears tonne for the

hundreds of thousands of famine victims caught in parts of Somalia

controlled by the rebel Islamist group, Al-Shabab. Food deliveries

to the country have begun. Aid agencies face challenges getting it

across the front-line. In all A quarter of Somalia's population has

been displaced by famine. 1.2 million children are going hungry.

About half of them are malnourished and are likely to die without

urgent help. Andrew Harding joins us now from Mogadishu.

Yes, George, the situation here is deteriorating even though more raid

is starting to trickle in. The famine itself seems to be spreading

and Al-Shabab, the militant group that controls much of this country

is not only blocking aid, it is preventing many hungry families

from escaping to Kenya, to Ethiopia and here to Somalia's car torn

capital. Visiting Mogadishu, it is best to

be prepared. We're heading into a city that has

forgotten the meaning of safety. It is our gunmen against the rest.

Near the front-lines, we find the famine's latest fugitives. Tens of

thousands have come here seeking food and hoping for security. They

are in bad shape. The familiar images as shocking as ever. Twins

here, both fighting for life. Their mothers, indeed all the mothers

fled from territory controlled by Al-Shabab. Binto Hassan says the

militants killed her son. They tied up and then shot him, she says,

because he was carrying a bag of food aid and they said it came from

the infidels. The world is getting more supplies into Mogadishu now.

Soup kitchens in every district, but it is not here that Somalia's

famine must be defeated. This is an almost impossible bli difficult,

dangerous place for foreigners to operate. You can see how much

security we need to move around the centre of Mogadishu. Of course, the

real battle is is to find a way to move across the nearby front-lines

and get the aid to where it is needed most. Here is one way. UN

food blocked by Al-Shabab is handed over to trusted local charities

that do have access throughout Somalia. Everybody knows. We are

confident that we can deliver anywhere in the country.

REPORTER: This could be the solution to end the famine? This

could be the solution to end the famine in a way.

REPORTER: One of them anyway? one of them.

The needs are certainly overwhelming here. The politics are

messy. Somalia is not an easy place to help. Now for the many

organisations trying to help this region, money is still an issue,

but the donations are coming in. The real problems are first, a lack

of time to get to those who are already starving and secondly, this

crucial issue of a lack of access to the heart, the growing heart, of

Andrew, thank you. The former manager editor of the

News of the World, Stuart Kuttner, has been arrested by police looking

into allegations of phone hacking and corruption. His

responsibilities at the paper, which he left in 2009, included

authorising payments. He is the eleventh person to be arrested

since police began their latest investigation in January. Here is

Matt Prodger. Ten years ago and the parents of

murdered schoolgirl Sarah Payne launching a campaign with the News

of the World to to name and shame paedophiles. At the forefront was

the paper's, Stuart Kuttner. Today arrested by detectives

investigating phone hacking and allegations of bribes to the police.

To years ago, Mr Kuttner told MPs as manager editor he may have

unknowingly authorised payments for phone hacking.

A relatively small, but regrettable number of cash payments were

created and were approved by the whole, not always, but generally by

me unknowing. He told them his job as managing

editor was to bridge the gap between journalists and and

management at the News of the World. He was once described as the person

who came closest to be the DNA of the organisation. He appeared in

public frequently representing the organisation in the case of Sarah's

Law, he did that. As the managing editor that's where the money goes

through. Day by day the number of people

arrested in connection with phone hacking increased. Among them Andy

Coulson, who resigned as News of the World editor and as the Prime

Minister's Director of Communications. Rebekah Brooks as

editor. Neil Wallace a former deputy editor and three journalist

who worked there. Only Clive Goodman and private

investigator Glenn Mulcaire have been charged and convicted.

Stuart Kuttner is of great interest to those like the detectives here

at Scotland Yard who are trying to work out how far the criminality at

the News of the World went. Few people worked at the newspaper so

long and in such an important position.

Stuart Kuttner was released this evening and returned to his North

London home. He may or may not be A comedian who threw a foam pie at

Rupert Murdoch immediately launched an appeal today after he was jailed

for six weeks. Jonathan May-Bowles, also known by his stage name Jonnie

Marbles, insisted the assault was designed to voice "widespread

revulsion" over the phone-hacking scandal. He launched a paper plate

of shaving foam at Mr Murdoch while he was giving evidence to

Parliament on July 19th. Reports from the Syrian city of

Hama suggest residents are fleeing the continued onslaught by

government forces. More than 100 people are said to have been killed

in the last three days of violence. There's growing diplomatic concern

around the world, with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon

saying President Bashar al Assad had "lost all sense of humanity".

Our diplomatic correspondent The crowd on the streets of Hama

last night after prayers on the first day of Ramadan. Undeterred by

days of bloodshed and clashes with government forces, pictures we

can't verify, but clearly, there are thousands of them. "Down with

the regime", they shout, "and with the Bath Party." And from today,

more amateur footage, newly-dug graves of some of those they say

have died in the past few days. But on Syrian TV, it's an entirely

different story - no mention of the scores of civilians killed. Instead,

President Assad visiting injured soldiers at a military hospital.

This soldier tells the President he was ambushed when manning a

checkpoint. The government insists it's their soldiers who were taked

by armed gangs and saboteurs. In one TV report on Sunday's clashes

in Hama, the focus was on protesters' weapons, every gun

circled in red, even a man carrying a sickle noted, disputing the claim

that this is an unarmed, peaceful uprising.

Yet matched against the protesters are government tanks and other

heavy weaponry, as they're preparing to wage war. Whatever

blood is shed, though, the outside world is clear - this time, they

don't want to intervene. Looking at Arab uprisings across the region,

why has the international reaction to Syria been so different? The

speed of Egypt's revolution caught many countries by surprise when the

crowds swelled in Tahrir Square, President Obama and other leaders

took ages to ditch President Mubarak. Libya was a different

story. Europe and the US got behind the rebels early. NATO's strikes

had UN and Arab support to stop a massacre, and let's face it,

because Colonel Gaddafi has few real friends, but when it came to

Syria the lessons of Libya reduced the and at a time for military

action. The Arab world fears a wider conglagration. Syria's future,

it seems, is in the hands of its own people.

Coming up on tonight's programme: The secret garden that was

neglected for decades now restored to its 18th century glory.

A 40-year-old who was dying from heart failure has become the first

person in Britain to leave hospital after being given a completely

artificial heart. Matthew Green has been fitted with a device powered

by a battery unit in a backpack. It means he'll be able to live a more

normal life while waiting for a human heart from a suitable donor.

Our science correspondent David Shukman reports.

Meet the first man in Britain walking with a plastic heart.

Matthew Green with his wife Jill and son Dylan and a bag that's

become a new and essential member of the family - the device that's

keeping Matthew alive with a loud, rhythmic beat.

Just tell me a little bit about how this extraordinary device is going

to change your life? It's going to just revolutionilise my life.

Before, I couldn't walk anywhere. I could hardly climb a flight of

stairs. Now I went out for a pub lunch over the weekend, and that

just felt fantastic to be with normal people again. That just is

the alarm that shows your pressure is a little high. We'll leave it

for now. This is the kind of plastic heart with four valves and

two pumping cham bers fitted inside his chest. The blood flows through

these tubes under his skin, out below the ribcage. Normally this

would have to be driven by a huge pump in hospital. What's new is a

that Matthew has been given one of these, a portable pump. It's not

light, seven kilos, but it does mean he can get out and about. This

animation shows the plastic heart, here beating in slow motion, doing

the job of a real one, but it's not meant to be permanent. It took us

about six hours to do the operation. The surgon who fitted the heart

here at Papworth Hospital says the aim is to buy time for Matthew

while he waits for a human heart to be transplanted. The longest a

patient has received and supported by one of these machines has been

over three years, so it does provide medium to longer term

support, and this is very important because it buys us more time to

find a suitable heart for Matthew. The latest figures show that 132

people in Britain are hoping for a heart transplant, but on average

they're waiting six months, and while they do, 15% of them die, so

the option of fitting an artificial heart may be critical, but there

are risks. They're almost certainly safer than the heart they're

replacing, but they do have problems. There are risks of blood

clots and there are risks of infection, but we know ways of

getting armed those. For Matthew Green and his family, the little

bag powering his new heart offers a new lease of life. His big hope: to

go for a bike ride. The former Egyptian President Hosni

Mubarak is due to go on trial tomorrow over the killing of

protesters during the uprising in February. It's thought the 83-year-

old, who's been in hospital in the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh,

will be flown to the capital in the morning. As our world affairs

editor John Simpson reports from Cairo, the trial is being seen as a

test of the military council's commitment to change in the country.

The long-running demonstration that brought down a President is over.

The police and Army moved in yesterday to get rid of the tent

city in Tahrir Square, and they didn't do it particularly gently

either. A television reporter for Egypt's Channel 25 managed to keep

on filming as he was bundled into an Army vehicle. Together with a

bunch of others who had been arrested and sometimes beaten up. A

BBC producer, Shaimaa Khalil, managed to take some photos of the

police and Army operation until she was picked up too. She was held for

20 hours before being released unharmed. By this morning, around

Tahrir Square the familiar Cairo gridlock here was back, just like

the old days. The riot police were completely in charge, and no-one

stopped us filming. There were no demonstrators, and nothing much was

left of the protest banners that used to hang from the traffic

lights and lampposts. When President mubar ab went, the

military government, made of his former colleagues, promised a new

Congress and President within six months, but that was now six months

ago, and there is still no sign of any elections. People are deeply

divided about the future of the Arab spring in Egypt. This man, who

used to demonstrate here in the Square, is an optimist. Under the

soil to give us a beautiful flower, so we have to wait. And what will

happen? Where there is a will, there is a way. Now that President

Mubarak is about to go on trial, attitudes to him have changed. For

30 years, President Mubarak was one of the fixed points in world

affairs. Foreign leaders never questioned the basis of his power.

Now they'd prefer to forget him. And this is the hospital in Sharm

El-Sheikh where he's being treated. In the next few hours, he's

scheduled to be brought to Cairo for the start of his trial. Until

late last night, this whole area was full of demonstrators. Now you

can see who is in charge. The fact is there hasn't really been much of

a revolution in Egypt at all. The former President may be coming up

for trial tomorrow morning, but in every other way, the system that he

created is still just as much in force as it ever was.

It's been described as "Britain's biggest secret garden. Now for the

first time in over half a century Wrest Park in Bedfordshire has

reopened to the public. Designed over 300 years ago, it's suffered

decades of neglect, but now it's been restored to its former glory.

From an orangery, a Chinese bridge and temple to ponds and canals -

Wrest Park's designers were the best in their day. To help them, as

this photo from around 1890 shows, there was a garden workforce of

around 40 men but change in workforce left the park in a state

of neglect. At one point there were only four gardeners. When English

Heritage took on the park five years ago they embarked on an

ambitious restoration project - their aim, for Wrest Park to once

again claim its place as one of the most important British gardens.

What makes it important is you can walk through 300 years of garden

history at Wrest Park. And there is elements of each of those major

centurys that you can still see in their original form. Gardeners

spent weeks over winter digging up this lawn, which should never have

been there, to revert the rose garden to exactly that. The Italian

garden which had been planted with low-maintenance plants now looks

like this, transformed to its original 1882 design and the lake,

the main vista to the pavilion, has been restored to its original

appearance with gravel paths. Gardener and broadcaster Matthew

Biggs believes the work being done will return the gardens to how the

original owners had envisaged them. The de Greys wanted to make this

original balanced landscape, and we're going to see it again. How

exciting is that? That's why I think everybody should just come

along and have a glimpse, and gardening and gardens are for

everyone. Year one of the restoration project is complete at

the cost of �4 million, �1 million of which was a grant from the