25/08/2011 BBC News at Ten


25/08/2011

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Tonight at Ten. Gaddafi still on the run as the battle for Tripoli

:00:11.:00:16.

claims more lives. Intense fighting around Gaddafi's

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compound. He calls on loyalists to take up arms.

:00:19.:00:23.

In the network of tunnels underground, a glimpse of the

:00:23.:00:30.

hidden world of the old regime. This secret world was incredibly

:00:30.:00:34.

well constructed, the ceilings very high, the walls very solid.

:00:34.:00:39.

Now it's the battle for Sirte. Gaddafi's home city is where the

:00:39.:00:43.

rebels encounter tough opposition. And the price paid by Gaddafi's

:00:43.:00:46.

enemies is increasingly clear. We have a Special Report.

:00:46.:00:51.

They're going to take these four away and bury them soon. They've

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all obviously died of gunshot wounds at close range.

:00:54.:00:58.

We'll have the latest from Tripoli where there's a desperate shortage

:00:58.:01:03.

of food, fuel and medical supplies. Also tonight:

:01:03.:01:08.

Another record year for GCSE passes. We report from a school doing well

:01:08.:01:12.

in a challenging area. A surge in net migration to Britain.

:01:12.:01:17.

Ministers say the new rules will soon make a difference.

:01:17.:01:21.

And what's the future for Apple now that the man behind all of this is

:01:21.:01:31.
:01:31.:01:55.

Good Evening. As rebel forces consolidate their

:01:55.:02:00.

hold on most of Tripoli, there's been another broadcast message from

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Colonel Gaddafi calling for the city to be liberated.

:02:02.:02:07.

Fighting has been continuing throughout the day amid reports of

:02:07.:02:11.

atrocities committed by Gaddafi's retreating forces. There's growing

:02:11.:02:15.

concern about the shortage of food, fuel and medical supplies. In

:02:16.:02:19.

central Tripoli, the heaviest fighting has been near Gaddafi's

:02:19.:02:23.

old compound. Our correspondent, Orla Gearin, was there, and her

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report contains some graphic images. Descending into Colonel Gaddafi's

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underground fortress. A warren of tunnels which run for

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miles and could have been his escape route.

:02:42.:02:46.

Today, rebel fighters were taking the tour, seeing where Gaddafi's

:02:46.:02:54.

troops had been holed up. Abandoned in a corner, some of

:02:54.:03:01.

their supplies. This underground labyrinth, this secret world, was

:03:01.:03:05.

incredibly well constructed, the ceilings here are very high, the

:03:05.:03:09.

walls are very solid. Over here, I've just found a phone which was

:03:09.:03:13.

obviously used for internal communications. This is a kind of a

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motorised cart, looks like a golf buggy. Who knows if the Libyan

:03:17.:03:22.

leader was transported through the tunnels in this cart.

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Colonel Gaddafi thought he wouldn't be disturbed here behind these

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reinforced doors. But while he may have been able to

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flee Into the Shadows, above ground others were cut down in the battle

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for Tripoli. At the edge of the compound today,

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we found bodies lying where they fell. Gaddafi loyalists one rebel

:03:46.:03:51.

said. We can't be sure who killed them, but one man appeared to have

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been executed. He had been shot through the head with his hands

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still bound. A short distance away in Abu Salim

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district, the rebels are hunting for a sniper's nest, but up ahead,

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a glimpse of a bigger threat, could these be enemy troops?

:04:11.:04:21.
:04:21.:04:28.

That was the answer. The fighters were dangerously

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exposed. They brought out their improvised big guns. And their

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:04:47.:04:51.

Another long burst of rebel gun fire there. They believe they are

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Colonel Gaddafi's troops just a little distance up this road.

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They've been trying to push forward. They say it's...

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GUN FIRE For about an hour, we were pinned

:05:03.:05:10.

down. Then, it was time to make a get-away. The rebels were running

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low on ammunition. We escaped with two bullet holes in

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our car. This was just one pocket of resistance. Who knows how many

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more there may be. Let's go... The rebels are

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tightening their grip here, but in the capital, these are still

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dangerous days. The BBC team in Tripoli has been

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shown evidence of atrocities alleged to have been committed by

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Gaddafi's forces in the days before the fall of the city. It's reported

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that one group of men was tortured and then shot. This report from our

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World Affairs Editor, John Simpson also contains some graphic images.

:05:59.:06:04.

The breakdown of the kind of systems most societies take for

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granted is almost total here. There's little electricity, no safe

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water, no rubbish collection. The empty shells from yesterday's wild

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outbursts of firing still lie around everywhere and there are no

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police on the streets. The rebels who've manned the checkpoints are

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friendly and still buoyed up by their victory.

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But they're no substitute for proper law and order. People have

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to take things into their own hands. At the biggest hospital in Tripoli,

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they were cleaning the blood off the stretchers this morning, using

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water taken from the air conditioning system.

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Things are much quieter here today and the doctors who've worked four

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straight days and nights can get a bit of rest. Although the pressure

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on the hospital has been immense, it's just managed to cope.

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It's the hospitals that are starting to see evidence of some of

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the last crimes of the Gaddafi regime. At this one, the bodies of

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25 political prisoners were brought from their jail on Sunday as the

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rebels began their final attack on Tripoli, and they were herded into

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the open and shot down. Well, the stench here is absolutely

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appalling. These bodies have been lying out for some time now. There

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are altogether, 15 left unburied and they're going to take these

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four away and bury them soon. They've all obviously died of

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gunshot wounds at close range. But one of the prisoners survived

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and I went to see him. His name is Mansour Al-Hadi and he told me

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they'd been picked up, tortured then taken out where a uniformed

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pro-Gaddafi soldier and two African mercenaries had opened fire on them.

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The rebels may control the streets, but Colonel Gaddafi's still trying

:08:03.:08:07.

to give the impression he is staging a fightback. This was his

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latest broadcast today on a secret television station set up to

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support him. TRANSLATION: Libya belongs to you,

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Libya is yours, Tripoli for the people of Tripoli, it's not for the

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traitors who frustrate themselves before NATO, they are traitors,

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they are foreigners. Tripoli belongs to you.

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The rebels are still celebrating. This group comes from Misrata and

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they've just met up with their comrades.

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The constant firing in the air is a nuisance. But even though most of

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the rebels come from other parts of the country, they aren't behaving

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like a conquering army and there have been no reports of looting or

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mistreating ordinary people. They're full of confidence about

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the future. This is Marwan who's come from Wolverhampton. We can do

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it, we've done it with Gaddafi and we can build it ourselves. We can

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build houses and do everything for our people.

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Colonel Gaddafi's regime did huge damage to Libya, the vast oil

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wealth was spent on things like his palaces, this one for instance,

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rather than on the Libyan people. Now, it's payback time.

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All the signs are that Gaddafi's last remaining stronghold is the

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city of Sirte. His birthplace still home to many loyal supporters too.

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Rebel forces have been advancing towards the city during the day but

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their progress has been blocked by Gaddafi's forces. Sirte is some 280

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miles to the east of Tripoli and the rebel frontline is now thought

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to be some 60 miles from the city itself. Our correspondent, Paul

:09:56.:10:06.
:10:06.:10:06.

Wood, sent this report. It's not quite over yet. This

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afternoon, Grad rockets exchanged fire in the desert.

:10:11.:10:21.
:10:21.:10:27.

The rebels are pushing up reinforcements with. 60 miles from

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Sirte, Gaddafi's birthplace. There the troops are expected to make a

:10:31.:10:35.

last stand. We are engaged with the enemy from

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this morning with the heavy artillery. Maybe you could hear the

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explosions every now and again. have the chance today to go back to

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Sirte, but they did not. I think they are coming from Sirte now.

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They are still attacking? That's what you can see, they're attacking

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us. Such attacks could be to cover the retreat to Sirte. The rebels

:10:55.:11:00.

still hope that talks with tribal lead, there will end this

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peacefully. They're baffled by the continued resistance. Gaddafi ran

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away. They got Tripoli, game over. But apparently it's personal, I

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don't know what they're fighting for really. They must believe in

:11:13.:11:17.

this guy, I don't know. All around, the signs of Libya's

:11:17.:11:20.

oil wealth, but the infrastructure is broken.

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Even here in the shadow of the refinery, there are petrol queues.

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The rebels badly need international agreement to unfreeze a billion and

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a half dollars in assets. A complete military victory might

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help that. The rebel commanders had hoped and expected once Colonel

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Gaddafi was seen to have fled from Tripoli it would all be over, he'd

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have no more reason to fight. That expectation has been confounded. A

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rebel commander told me - there goes another one - he thought

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perhaps that the Gaddafi loyalists simply were not aware that their

:11:59.:12:04.

leader was now out of power. It could also be that they're afraid

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of revenge attacks. Whatever the cause, both sides are digging in

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here for a fight which commanders on this side certainly think could

:12:11.:12:21.

last another three or four days. Since Paul filed the report, some

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news from the United Nations. A deal has been struck during the

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course of the evening, to allow the release of one-and-a-half billion

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dollars of Libyan froze enfunds. Let's turn to John Simpson in

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Tripoli. How significant is that announcement and where will the

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money be spent, do you think? I think it's very significant, an

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indication that the world thinks that Libya is now heading in the

:12:47.:12:51.

right direction and should be helped to carry on in that

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direction. There's an enormous need, of course, for medicines at the

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moment. There is a great need for electricity, equipment to generate

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electricity and water, very great importance indeed. In the medium

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term, I think actually what this country needs, which is full of

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very educated people, it needs management skills. In the longer

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run, I think what they really need most of all is training to become a

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civil society like other democracies. They need training for

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politicians, for instance, for lawyers, judges, journalists,

:13:27.:13:36.

people who can create the kind of society that Libya could be if the

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money that's been squandered hopelessly around the world for 4 1

:13:42.:13:46.

years, nearly 4 2 years, can actually be spent on the Libyan

:13:46.:13:56.
:13:56.:14:10.

It has been another record year for GCSE results. In England and Wales,

:14:10.:14:16.

results have improved for the 23rd year in a row. In Northern Ireland,

:14:16.:14:25.

they dropped slightly, compared to last year. Almost 70% of entries

:14:25.:14:30.

gained Grade C or above. One secondary achieving results far

:14:30.:14:33.

better than the English average is in Peckham, in south London, one of

:14:33.:14:36.

the areas badly affected by the riots earlier this month. Our home

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editor, Mark Easton, has been to see how young people in deprived

:14:39.:14:49.
:14:49.:14:53.

areas can be helped to achieve The unconfined joy and disbelief of

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young people who have achieved the best from the neighbourhood where

:14:57.:15:02.

society expects the worst. In an area with sky-high levels of youth

:15:02.:15:08.

violence, school failure and unemployment, pupils Sacred Heart

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school have massively outperformed the GCSE national average. More

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than 80% got five good passes. The secret, according to the pupils

:15:20.:15:27.

themselves, is a school with rules. If you do not do your homework, it

:15:27.:15:33.

is detention, they actually make you do it. Is that good? Yes,

:15:33.:15:43.

because we get good results at the end of the day! The head teacher

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says his extraordinary success is down to a partnership with parents.

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If children misbehave at home, school might step in to help.

:15:53.:15:57.

little Johnny is late home, and Mummy is fed up with him coming

:15:57.:16:01.

home late, if they get in touch with me, or the head of year, or

:16:01.:16:05.

their teacher, little Johnny can have a Saturday morning detention

:16:05.:16:12.

for misbehaving at home. Earlier this month, Peckham saw

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running battles between looters and riot police, scenes of destruction

:16:16.:16:20.

involving young people from the same mistakes as the pupils of

:16:20.:16:25.

Sacred Heart. Two weeks later, it is hard to imagine how these

:16:25.:16:30.

streets descended into violence and anarchy. Apart from a couple of

:16:30.:16:33.

closed shops, windows have been replaced, the damage has been

:16:33.:16:37.

repaired. But what about the underlying social problems, can

:16:37.:16:46.

those be repaired? In 1997, Tony Blair came to Peckham, promising a

:16:46.:16:49.

new deal for communities. Hundreds of millions of pounds have since

:16:49.:16:54.

been spent regenerating the area. But it appears the money has washed

:16:54.:16:58.

over this neighbourhood without watering its roots.

:16:58.:17:03.

The money that is being spent is being spent on buildings, on

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computers, on sports centres. What these children need is human beings

:17:09.:17:14.

who are going to take care of them. There's no shortage of youth

:17:14.:17:20.

projects, but young people here have seen schemes come and go.

:17:20.:17:23.

While these dancers have found a discipline, many of their friends

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have lost hope. The youth share are angry, they have given up, sort of

:17:28.:17:34.

thing. They think, get arrested, I do not really care. I cannot afford

:17:34.:17:42.

university, I feel like I have not really got a future. Sacred Heart

:17:42.:17:47.

school insists Peckham's youth does have a future, but reaching out

:17:47.:17:51.

requires clear boundaries and the support of committed parents.

:17:51.:17:58.

Coming up on tonight's programme... Is Texas just bucking the trend? Or

:17:58.:18:05.

has it got the answers to America's There's been a big increase in net

:18:05.:18:08.

migration to Britain, thanks in part to a significant fall in the

:18:08.:18:12.

number of people leaving to live abroad. Last year, the difference

:18:12.:18:15.

between the number of people coming to live here and those leaving was

:18:15.:18:20.

239,000, a rise of nearly 21% on 2009. Ministers insist that changes

:18:20.:18:24.

they have made to the system will begin to make a difference soon, as

:18:24.:18:34.
:18:34.:18:36.

You never used to see these on the British high street - the Polish

:18:36.:18:42.

shop. But since Eastern European countries joined the EU in 2004,

:18:42.:18:46.

more Poles have been exercising their right to find success in the

:18:46.:18:53.

UK. The standard of living is very low in Poland, the wages are low.

:18:53.:18:56.

And the cost of living is nearly the same as in this country. People

:18:56.:19:04.

in this shop, they earn five or six times more in England. Last year,

:19:04.:19:08.

the Conservatives pledged to radically reduce migration to

:19:08.:19:13.

Britain. I believe that will mean net migration to this country will

:19:13.:19:17.

be in the order of tens of thousands each year, not hundreds

:19:17.:19:21.

of thousands, as we have seen. migration, the Government's measure

:19:21.:19:24.

of success, is the difference between the number of people coming

:19:24.:19:30.

into the country and the number leaving. Getting it down to tens of

:19:30.:19:34.

1,000 means balancing the migration 1,000 means balancing the migration

:19:34.:19:38.

scales. In 2010, there were 574,000 immigrants. Almost balancing that

:19:38.:19:47.

were the people who emigrated... But by 2010, that number had fallen.

:19:47.:19:56.

Result? Net migration has risen. The Government cannot force British

:19:56.:20:00.

residents to emigrate, and under EU your, it cannot restrict the

:20:01.:20:05.

movements of European citizens. So it is limiting students and foreign

:20:05.:20:06.

it is limiting students and foreign workers to reduce levels of

:20:06.:20:11.

immigration. Those numbers are outweighed by

:20:11.:20:14.

increasing numbers of people coming from Eastern Europe, which the

:20:14.:20:18.

Government cannot do anything to control. There's a real danger for

:20:18.:20:21.

the Government in promising to do this, which it cannot deliver

:20:21.:20:26.

because large parts of immigration it cannot control.

:20:26.:20:30.

Ministers accept they can do nothing about Eastern Europeans now

:20:30.:20:35.

working here, but they do have hope. Any sensible government will

:20:35.:20:39.

control what it can control. We can control the numbers coming from

:20:39.:20:43.

outside the EU, who provide the vast bulk of the overall net

:20:43.:20:49.

migration increase. Some experts said tonight the

:20:49.:20:55.

Government could only hit its target if it ignored the thousands

:20:55.:20:59.

Poles already here, and measured success by the number of non-

:20:59.:21:09.
:21:09.:21:10.

A fierce debate about the best way forward for the US economy has

:21:10.:21:13.

affected share prices, as investors wait for a major statement tomorrow

:21:13.:21:16.

by the chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke. He has been

:21:16.:21:18.

widely expected to unveil a new package to stimulate the struggling

:21:18.:21:20.

US economy. But some prominent Republicans, including presidential

:21:20.:21:23.

contender Rick Perry, are firmly opposed to spending more money.

:21:23.:21:25.

He's advocating the low-tax strategy of his native Texas, as

:21:25.:21:35.
:21:35.:21:44.

They're prowled of their rodeo stars in Texas. Some boast the very

:21:44.:21:47.

virtues that have allowed them to hang on during the recession,

:21:47.:21:52.

bucking the trend, not least the governor...

:21:52.:21:57.

We have freed the entrepreneur to go out and create the jobs that in

:21:57.:22:03.

turn create the wealth. We're in the air, looking at a slice of the

:22:03.:22:07.

Texas miracle, a development that's bigger than Manhattan. It has got

:22:07.:22:11.

rail lines to bring in containers from around the world, the biggest

:22:11.:22:16.

cargo airport in America, and even an estate of homes for billionaires.

:22:16.:22:24.

So what is drawing companies to Texas? Very low tax, low regulation,

:22:24.:22:30.

pure economic freedom. You're free to do your work and build your

:22:30.:22:35.

business, that's what makes this state special. But Texas is not a

:22:35.:22:39.

great place to be poor. Employment is a bit better than average, many

:22:39.:22:43.

jobs are low-paid, many have no medical insurance and failed to

:22:43.:22:48.

finish school. This pastor is alarmed that in an attempt to

:22:48.:22:52.

balance the books, the education budget is being slashed. No-one

:22:52.:23:00.

really likes paying taxes. Lowering the taxes makes it easy for the

:23:00.:23:03.

haves to keep what they have, but it makes it harder for the have-

:23:03.:23:10.

nots. It is not good for us. here see a Texas miracle. But there

:23:10.:23:16.

is confidence in the state. It is rough right now, but it is not as

:23:16.:23:23.

bad as a lot of other states. of these buildings were not here 30

:23:23.:23:27.

years ago. Richard Fisher, of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, is

:23:27.:23:35.

proud of his city and his estate. He sees it as a model for the Horn

:23:35.:23:41.

of the USA, but he admits it is a choice. Very low taxes, and as a

:23:41.:23:45.

result of that, we have very low services which we deliver to the

:23:45.:23:50.

people. The nice thing in the United States is, you can vote with

:23:50.:23:54.

your feet, you do not have to be here, you can go somewhere else.

:23:54.:23:59.

But according to the numbers, people are coming here in droves.

:23:59.:24:05.

The vision of Governor Perry is central to his party's appeal. The

:24:05.:24:10.

rugged individualism of this state may be ideal for the rodeo, but is

:24:10.:24:14.

it the best way to grow jobs and grow the economy? That is set to be

:24:14.:24:24.
:24:24.:24:25.

one of the main issues in the Steve Jobs, the man who's made

:24:25.:24:28.

Apple one of the richest and most successful companies in the world,

:24:28.:24:32.

is to step down as chief executive. He has been on medical leave for

:24:32.:24:35.

much of this year, after receiving treatment for cancer. Mr Jobs has

:24:35.:24:38.

overseen the huge success of the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad, and

:24:38.:24:41.

news of his decision reduced the company's share price, as investors

:24:41.:24:43.

wonder whether Apple's creative drive will now weaken. Rory Cellan-

:24:43.:24:53.
:24:53.:24:55.

He has persuaded consumers to pay top prices for gadgets like these,

:24:55.:25:02.

which look and sometimes work better than their rivals. Apple's

:25:02.:25:06.

founding genius was never one to undersell his products. Now, he's

:25:06.:25:10.

stepping down. Steve Jobs has been in poor health for some time. In a

:25:10.:25:20.
:25:20.:25:29.

in poor health for some time. In a You have just seen some pictures of

:25:29.:25:35.

Mackintosh, now I would like to show you it in person. Despite his

:25:35.:25:40.

early success, Steve Jobs was forced out of Apple in the 1980s.

:25:40.:25:44.

But he came back to breathe new life into the company. Not everyone

:25:44.:25:53.

liked his autocratic style. I'm very happy to talk about Steve

:25:53.:25:58.

Jobs, because I have known him for some time. I don't think there is a

:25:58.:26:02.

human being on the planet who has been as influential in the last 30

:26:02.:26:07.

years on the way culture has developed. To Steve Jobs, think

:26:07.:26:10.

different was not just an advertising slogan. It was the way

:26:10.:26:16.

he ran his business. The i-Pod came along and changed everything about

:26:16.:26:21.

the music industry. Apple had never made a mobile phone, until the

:26:21.:26:24.

iPhone transformed her the industry. And the idea that millions of

:26:24.:26:28.

people might want to use a tabard computer seem far-fetched until

:26:29.:26:34.

Steve Jobs showed off the Dean Martin. Now, his company will have

:26:34.:26:38.

to think different without him. Continuing to break new ground,

:26:38.:26:43.

like the man who has come to embody Apple, will be a challenge. I think

:26:43.:26:47.

it will be hard for them to find that level of commitment and

:26:47.:26:51.

passion that Steve Jobs brought. That said, there are still really

:26:51.:26:57.

extraordinary people at Apple. Jackie's history has been about

:26:57.:27:01.

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