15/01/2013 BBC News at Ten


15/01/2013

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Tonight at ten, turmoil in Pakistan. An arrest warrant is issued for the

:00:08.:00:15.

Prime Minister. Thousands on the streets demandling

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more -- demanding more democratic Government. The Prime Minister's

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arrest is ordered by the Supreme Court. The protesters say they will

:00:23.:00:26.

keep up the pressure. The hole system will be changed

:00:26.:00:31.

because this is the first first step. They have just removed the

:00:31.:00:36.

Prime Minister. Also tonight, a British Airways

:00:36.:00:40.

worker wins her discrimination claim after being told not to wear

:00:40.:00:44.

a cross while at work. Christians can move around more

:00:44.:00:50.

freely in their workplace without recrimination or discrimination.

:00:50.:00:54.

The boss of HMV is convinced there is a future for the business

:00:54.:00:57.

despite it going into administration.

:00:57.:01:02.

Traces of horse meat are found in burgers made for some British and

:01:02.:01:06.

Irish supermarkets. And women with a family history of

:01:06.:01:09.

breast cancer could be offered medication to try to prevent the

:01:09.:01:14.

Coming up in Sportsday later on the BBC News Channel:

:01:15.:01:24.
:01:25.:01:41.

Paul McGinley will captain Europe Good evening.

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The Supreme Court of Pakistan has tonight ordered the arrest of the

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Prime Minister. Raja Pervez Ashraf is facing charges of corruption

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linked to contracts for power stations. The news came as many

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thousands of people took to the streets near the parliament to

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protest against widespread corruption and to demand the

:01:56.:02:01.

government's resignation. Our correspondent, Orla Guerin, has

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just sent this report. Islamabad awoke to this. Chaos near

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Parliament. Police firing in the air during a clash with protesters.

:02:19.:02:24.

They are growing in numbers and in confidence. Insisting the

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Government is corrupt and must go now before its term ends in March.

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This mass rally just one challenge facing Pakistan's leaders. By mid-

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afternoon, there was another. Protesters were euphoric when news

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broke the Prime Minister was to be arrested. Well, the celebration

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have really begun here. The crowd has just been given the news that

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the Supreme Court has ordered the arrest of Pakistan's Prime Minister.

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People here believe the timing of this shows that things are moving

:03:01.:03:06.

their way. They see it as a victory for their cause. Protesters say

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this is just the start of their peaceful revolution. These people

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will not go unless the whole system will be changed. Because this is

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the first step. We have just removed the Prime Minister, but

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there are so many other things. And here is the Prime Minister,

:03:23.:03:27.

Raja Pervez Ashraf, arriving at the Supreme Court for a previous

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appearance. One of his aides claims the arrest ruling and the protest

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mosm were -- moment were both engineered by Pakistan's powerful

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military. Is that the force behind the protest leader, Tahirul Qadri?

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He denies it, but he sounded on message today, praising the judges

:03:50.:04:00.
:04:00.:04:09.

and the Army. Tonight, the protesters are staying

:04:09.:04:13.

put. Ready to confront the Government again tomorrow. Is this

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the start of a Pakistani Spring or something more sinister? Human

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Rights campaigners are worried about an indirect coup in this

:04:29.:04:35.

A British Airways employee, who was sent home from work for wearing a

:04:35.:04:38.

silver cross, has won her discrimination case at the European

:04:38.:04:41.

Court of Human Rights. The court decided that Nadia Eweida had

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suffered discrimination because of her Christian beliefs. But judges

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ruled that the rights of three other Christians, a nurse, a

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registrar and a counsellor had not been violated by their employers.

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Robert Piggott has more details. This was the day an airline check-

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in clerk took her fight to display a cross wot work to Europe's

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highest court and won. Nadia Eweida confirms that wearing a cross is a

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way of expressing Christian beliefs. Nadia Eweida's case was special,

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the court said her cross was discreet. She said the judgement

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sent a signal to employers. It means Christians can more around

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more freely in their workplace without recrimination or

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discrimination. Three other Christians lost their

:05:31.:05:35.

cases. Shirley Chaplin, a nurse from Exeter, was told by her

:05:35.:05:42.

employers that the cross she wore was unhygienic. Lillian Ladele, a

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council worker lost her job when she refused to register civil

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partnerships and Gary McFarlane was sacked when he refused to counsel

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gay couples about their relationships.

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A lot of Christians will remain hidden. Remain unable to exercise

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the, I would say, the minimum expressions of their faiths because

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of the intimidation effect. Legal experts say the judgement

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gives discretion to employers to override the religious concerns of

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staff. If I have a concern that it is going to affect health and

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safety. If I have a concern that it is going to affect my ability to

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provide a service in a non discriminatory fashion, then I can

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limit the right of an employee to manifest their religious belief

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that that way. Today's judgement sets a legal seal

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on years in which Christians have gone to British courts and tried

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unsuccessfully to defend their values against secular ones. It

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confirms although people are entitled to hold religious beliefs,

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they won't be allowed to infrinlge -- infringe the rights of other

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people in the workplace. Secularists claim the European

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Court's judgement will stop religious views being given special

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privileges. We're delighted that they haven't

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resulted in the creation of a hierarchy of religious rights with

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religion at the top and gay people potentially badly affected.

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For decades, the influence of Christian teaching on British

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culture and law has been waning. Today, the European Court of Human

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:07:29.:07:31.

Rights left a milestone on the road The chief executive of HMV says he

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is convinced there's a future for the business despite it going into

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administration. More than 4,000 jobs are at risk as pressure from

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supermarkets and online competitors has taken its toll. The high street

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chain, established over 90 years ago, has already stopped accepting

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gift vouchers as Emma Simpson reports. The first HMV store. The

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company has been a high street fixture for the best part of a

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century. It is still trading on Oxford Street today, but they are

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no longer accepting gift vouchers. They accepted the money

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straightaway when you buy the vouchers and now they don't want to

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give you the goods and that's despicable.

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It was a Christmas gift that's worthless.

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If they are still trading and people paid good money for the

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voupers, I don't -- vouchers, I don't see why they should not be

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able to redeem them. HMV said the the vouchers were sold

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in good faith. The boss told me he believes the firm can survive.

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I came here four months to the to - - four months ago not to close the

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business down. I am here today because I believe in that future.

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HMV has come a long way since these days when Beatlemania was taking

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off. Happy memories for many. Rapid expansion followed. At one point it

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was worth over �1 billion, but the way we buy and listen to music

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today has been transformed by the internet. A decade ago, online

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accounted for just 6.5% of all music and film sales. Now, it is

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more than 70%. HMV failed to adapt. The shift to online has not just

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affected HMV with its large number of stores. Just before Christmas,

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Comet ceased trading, last week it was Jessops and more casualties are

:09:30.:09:35.

likely. The sectors that are most in difficulty are things like

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entertainment, like furniture, like electricicals as well. For some

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retailers they are entering their fourth or fifth year of difficulty

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now and that is putting pressure on balance sheets and the

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profitability of the companies. HMV is in the hands of

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administrators. The race is on to fin a buyer. Even if one can be

:09:57.:10:06.

found, store closures and job In Syria, more than 80 people are

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reported to have been killed in two explosions at the University of

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Aleppo. The blasts happened as students were sitting exams. Aleppo

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has seen intense fighting between government and opposition forces

:10:17.:10:20.

since the conflict began. Both sides have blamed each other for

:10:20.:10:26.

the latest attacks. President Hollande of France has

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said his forces will end their military intervention in Mali only

:10:29.:10:32.

when the country is considered safe and no longer under threat from

:10:32.:10:35.

terrorists, in his words. The French military is attempting to

:10:35.:10:38.

drive out Islamist rebels linked to Al-Qaeda who were set to over-run

:10:38.:10:41.

government forces. The rebels control the northern half of the

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country and have been pushing into the government-controlled south.

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From the capital, Bamako, Andrew Harding sent this report.

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No boots on the ground here for Britain, but a small supporting

:10:55.:10:59.

role in what is shaping up as a major West African war. The first

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of two RAF transport planes arrived in Mali early this morning.

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Carrying French hardware and a handful of French troops.

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France is busy rushing reinforcements to its former colony.

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In an an effort to bolster Mali's own army and prevent the country

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falling to Islamic militants. TRANSLATION: We have seen the enemy

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is ready to fight and should not be under estimated.

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In Mali's capital, the French are being seen as saviours.

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TRANSLATION: Without them, the terrorists would have taken this

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city. We would be refugees by now. France's military intervention here

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is certainly popular, but things are about to get more complicated.

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The plan is for troops backed by forces from neighbouring West

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African countries to take the lead now in liberating all of Mali. That

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could be messy. West Africa's top brass, not famous for quick

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decisions, have gathered here today to speed things up and to work out

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who is calling the shots. The French will presumably do their own

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thing. But here is how this new alliance against Mali's Islamist

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rebels are shaping up. France operating from Bamako and Chad will

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contribute 2,500 troops and air support. While a separate course

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over 3,000 strong, is being formed from among Mali's neighbours. That

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force will be led by regional giant gi gearia with Senegal and Niger

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and Guinea among those offering support, the original plan included

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months of preparation and only a fraction had been ze deployed so

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far. Tonne, the first uner -- tonne, the first unverified footage

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showing a rebel convoy being destroyed by a French airstrike,

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elsewhere, the rebels have the upper hand. Here, forcing these

:13:06.:13:13.

Government soldiers into yet another retreat. It is too soon to

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tell, but this could be another long war.

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Coming up: The wonder product that is stronger

:13:20.:13:24.

than steel, discovered in Britain, but are we falling behind in

:13:24.:13:34.
:13:34.:13:37.

One of Britain's senior police officers has told the BBC that the

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government's drug strategy in England and Wales is not working

:13:39.:13:43.

because there is too much emphasis on criminal prosecutions. Chief

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Constable Tim Hollis of Humberside, who speaks for police leaders on

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drugs policy, says responsibility for the strategy should be moved

:13:52.:14:00.

from Home Office to health. A drugs raid on Humberside. Police

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burst into find suspects. One had been released from prison that

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morning. Seeing suspect strapped in the revolving door of law

:14:13.:14:15.

enforcement has led chief constables to conclude the Home

:14:15.:14:18.

Office should no longer be in charge of the government's drugs

:14:18.:14:24.

strategy in England and Wales. have been involved in law

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enforcement for 30 years there, and enforcement alone is not the

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solution. Are you critical of what the Home Office is doing? They tend

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to revert to the enforced no narrative, rather than looking at a

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greater range of solutions. argument is not for

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decriminalisation, but the chief constable, who is also the

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spokesman on drugs for Chief Police officers, thinks the Department of

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Health should take responsibility for the strategy. Carr has been in

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and out of jail for drug offences for years, but after medical help

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is now clean. He says treating addicts as criminals simply

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perpetuates the problem. I would rather send them to a doctor.

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Locking them up and throwing away the key will not get you nowhere.

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In a report out today, the British Medical Association agrees, saying

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doctors should have much more of a say in framing national drug policy.

:15:19.:15:24.

Drug addicts are seen as criminals, which puts them off from seeking

:15:24.:15:28.

medical help. That is a pity, because first and foremost, the

:15:28.:15:33.

drug addict should be seen as a patient, certainly by the medical

:15:33.:15:37.

profession, and they need our help. Tree eating illicit drug use as a

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health issue rather than a crime was the official policy for most of

:15:41.:15:45.

the 20th century. Indeed, it was known internationally as the

:15:45.:15:49.

British system. But the Home Office is adamant that we should not go

:15:49.:15:52.

back to that. They say the current policy is working, the number of

:15:52.:15:56.

people using drugs is falling and the number of people in treatment

:15:56.:16:00.

and coming off drugs is rising. The suggestion that governments should

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revert to a system abandoned more than 40 years ago is seen by some

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as dangerous. The idea that the drugs policy should go to the

:16:08.:16:13.

Department of Health is nonsense. It is primarily a law and order

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issue, the reason being that the Government has a responsibility to

:16:16.:16:21.

protect people, particularly children. A committee of MPs

:16:21.:16:23.

recently recommended that the responsibility for drugs policy be

:16:23.:16:27.

shared between health and the Home Office. The Government looks

:16:28.:16:33.

unlikely to agree. Beefburgers manufactured for some

:16:33.:16:36.

British and Irish supermarkets have been found to contain traces of

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horsemeat, according to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland. The

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retailers concerned have withdrawn the products, and officials say

:16:44.:16:49.

there is no risk to public health. Our correspondent is with me with

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more details? This Irish investigation looked at 27

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beefburgers and found that in 10 of them, there was horse DNA. It found

:16:58.:17:05.

minute levels on the whole, but in one Tesco beefburger, it was found

:17:05.:17:10.

to be 29% horsemeat. The majority of these beefburgers also contained

:17:10.:17:16.

some pork. Products from Lidl, Aldi and Iceland are also affected. They

:17:16.:17:20.

have all been withdrawn from the shelves. It is important to stress

:17:20.:17:25.

that there is no problem with human health. There is no danger. Tesco

:17:25.:17:29.

has apologised, however, for any distress that this horse meat might

:17:30.:17:35.

have caused people, and the pork as well, of course. It has launched

:17:35.:17:39.

investigations, as have the suppliers of the supermarkets.

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Those suppliers are two factories in Ireland and one in North

:17:43.:17:49.

Yorkshire. One of them today has stressed that it has never bought

:17:49.:17:53.

horsemeat, and says it in turn has launched its own investigation into

:17:53.:18:00.

two of its European suppliers. President Obama is preparing to

:18:00.:18:03.

unveil his plans for tackling America's problem with gun violence.

:18:04.:18:08.

He said last month's shooting at a school in Connecticut, when 20

:18:08.:18:13.

children and six adults were killed, was the worst day of his presidency.

:18:13.:18:16.

Tonight, the parents of Dylan Hartley, the six-year-old British

:18:16.:18:23.

boy killed in the shooting, have spoken to the BBC.

:18:23.:18:26.

Dylan Hartley had an infectious smile and a quirky way of speaking.

:18:26.:18:30.

He had been diagnosed with autism. The family relocated here from

:18:30.:18:35.

Britain two years ago. Now, for the first time, Dylan's parents are

:18:35.:18:40.

opening up about losing their son. I was at work, and an e-mail came

:18:40.:18:45.

through the school messenger system saying the school was in lockdown.

:18:46.:18:50.

Then the local media were reporting a shooting at the school. That was

:18:50.:18:55.

a shock. As I was driving over, I pick up on social media that not

:18:55.:19:00.

just one person was shot, but 27 were dead. He met his wife at the

:19:00.:19:07.

fire station next to the school. After a while, as the kids were all

:19:07.:19:12.

leaving with their parents, you just start wandering around,

:19:12.:19:20.

thinking, where Riz mine? And then, confirmation of the worst. The

:19:20.:19:26.

police confirmed that 20 children had been shot, and the room erupted.

:19:26.:19:31.

I remember I started shaking and could not stop. Everyone was

:19:31.:19:36.

thinking, which kids? Not mine. There are more than 20 people in

:19:36.:19:42.

this room. It is not mine. It was around 3 o'clock that they came in

:19:42.:19:48.

to give their status report. It had to be announced about point that

:19:48.:19:53.

everybody that was left in the school was dead. A month on in

:19:53.:19:58.

Newtown, a few flowers remain, but the sign for Sandy Hook elementary

:19:58.:20:03.

has gone. The surviving pupils are at school elsewhere. It is far from

:20:03.:20:08.

clear whether the school will ever reopen. A lot of people here would

:20:08.:20:12.

rather it was demolished and turned into a memorial. But new town

:20:12.:20:16.

agrees that from a tragedy should come transformation, that there

:20:17.:20:20.

should be political change in Washington. For many here, that

:20:20.:20:25.

means gun-control. Tomorrow, the president who shed tears for Sandy

:20:25.:20:28.

Hook will call for stricter background checks and a renewed

:20:28.:20:32.

bout on the sale of assault rifles. Since the shooting, gun sales have

:20:32.:20:39.

soared and the gun lobby has powerful friends in Congress, but

:20:39.:20:44.

the Hockleys believe the president will act. All other shootings have

:20:44.:20:48.

been terrible tragedies, but with very small children now being the

:20:48.:20:52.

target of this, how can it possibly get worse? If they cannot address

:20:52.:20:56.

this now, it is it's as if they think they will never address it

:20:56.:21:01.

and this will go on. Dylan's body was found cradled in the arms of a

:21:01.:21:09.

classroom assistant, an agonising loss and a force for change.

:21:09.:21:13.

Women with a family history of breast cancer could be offered

:21:13.:21:17.

preventive medication. If approved, the guidelines from the regulator

:21:17.:21:20.

NICE would apply to patients in England and Wales from this summer.

:21:20.:21:25.

The shift in policy has been described as historic by a leading

:21:25.:21:32.

breast cancer charity. Breast cancer cells. What makes

:21:32.:21:36.

them grow in one person and not another? There is a growing

:21:36.:21:41.

understanding of how this cancer works. Now in some women, drugs

:21:41.:21:46.

could be used to prevent it developing. Emma has been blogging

:21:46.:21:50.

about her experience. She found out she had a faulty gene that put her

:21:50.:21:54.

at high risk of breast cancer, so high that she had a double

:21:54.:21:58.

mastectomy. But her surgeon held out hope that when her eight-year-

:21:58.:22:03.

old daughter grows up, there may be other options. I was fretting at

:22:03.:22:11.

the time that my daughter, who was very young at the time, and he said

:22:11.:22:18.

to me, let's concentrate on you. Your daughter will probably simply

:22:18.:22:22.

just take a pill which would negate her risk. Her for women at the

:22:22.:22:26.

highest risk, the best treatment would probably still be surgery for

:22:26.:22:31.

now, but for some, the NHS might start using drugs to prevent cancer

:22:31.:22:36.

developing. So how is breast-cancer risk measured? Women with a strong

:22:36.:22:41.

family history, one or more cases of the cancer in their close

:22:41.:22:45.

relatives, can speak to their doctor. The GP sends them for

:22:45.:22:50.

screening for genetic testing. Around 3% of women over 30 are at

:22:50.:22:56.

higher risk of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is already used to treat

:22:56.:23:01.

breast cancer. Now research shows that it can also help prevent it.

:23:01.:23:05.

But there are side-effects, so the benefits only outweigh the risks

:23:05.:23:12.

for women in a higher risk group. Whether to take these drugs will be

:23:12.:23:18.

a personal decision, one most people will make with a doctor. For

:23:18.:23:22.

the cancer specialists, this is the new frontier of helping people at

:23:22.:23:26.

risk of cancer. It is fantastic if we can start preventing a lot of

:23:26.:23:34.

cancers. That is good for us and the patience. And it helps us learn.

:23:34.:23:40.

Most women will still rely on screening once they are over 50.

:23:40.:23:44.

Breast cancer is already treated very successfully. Now we are

:23:44.:23:50.

seeing the first steps towards it being prevented.

:23:50.:23:53.

Football news now. Gordon Strachan has been confirmed as the New

:23:53.:23:56.

Scotland football manager. The former Celtic and Middlesbrough

:23:56.:24:01.

boss had been favoured to take over from Craig Levein, who left in

:24:01.:24:04.

November after a poor start to Scotland's World Cup qualifying

:24:04.:24:08.

campaign. Graphene has been widely hailed as

:24:08.:24:12.

a dazzling super product, the thinnest substance ever created.

:24:12.:24:16.

Two scientists at Manchester University won the Nobel Prize for

:24:16.:24:20.

Physics for their work in isolating it. But it is not being developed

:24:20.:24:25.

as much in the UK as it is in countries such as China, according

:24:25.:24:30.

to a new study. The glittering prospect of a

:24:30.:24:36.

strange new substance that could lead to a new industrial revolution.

:24:36.:24:40.

The tiny black specks on this tape are the extraordinary material

:24:40.:24:44.

known as graphene. It is at Manchester University that it has

:24:44.:24:51.

been pioneered, earning two of its scientists Nobel prizes. It is like

:24:51.:24:57.

the early days of discovery of the atom or something like that. It is

:24:57.:25:04.

so surprisingly rich, and this is because we get a new world of

:25:04.:25:09.

materials which we were not aware of before. To understand graphene,

:25:09.:25:12.

you need to see the world through new eyes. Not the normal three

:25:12.:25:17.

dimensions we are used to - height, width and length. Imagine his today

:25:17.:25:23.

material so thin that it only has two dimensions. That is graphene.

:25:23.:25:27.

Graphene is so minute that you need one of the most powerful

:25:27.:25:31.

microscopes in the world to get a sight of it. Here it is, a single

:25:31.:25:35.

layer of atoms, the thinnest material ever created, so thin that

:25:35.:25:39.

it has basically only got two dimensions. Let's use virtual

:25:39.:25:43.

reality to get a closer look, because it has extraordinary

:25:43.:25:48.

properties. If you stretch graphene, it turns out to be stronger than

:25:48.:25:52.

steel or even diamond at the same scale, useful for making all kinds

:25:52.:26:01.

of things more robust. It conducts electricity more effectively than

:26:01.:26:05.

copper, vital for future electronics. It is also flexible.

:26:05.:26:09.

You can bend it any way you want. You can have a computer screen that

:26:09.:26:13.

could fold up like paper. This promotional video from Samsung

:26:13.:26:16.

shows one view of the kind of gadgets that could emerge with

:26:16.:26:26.

graphene. Paper thin, flexible, 3-D. So there is a global race to

:26:26.:26:30.

exploit it. A key measure of who is winning that race is revealed by

:26:30.:26:36.

the patterns failed for different aspects of graphene. China has more

:26:36.:26:40.

than 2000. Samsung has more than 400, the most of any company. And

:26:40.:26:47.

Britain, which led the field nearly a decade ago, has just 42. There is

:26:47.:26:51.

not an appreciation in Britain of how intense the competition is

:26:51.:26:54.

internationally around graphene, how focused our international

:26:54.:26:59.

competitors are run developing this material and its Applications, and

:26:59.:27:04.

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