18/06/2013 BBC News at Ten


18/06/2013

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direct peace talks with the Taliban. After more than a decade of war

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costing thousands of lives, the US announces the first step on a long

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road to peace. The news comes as NATO troops hand over control of the

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country's security for the first time to Afghan forces. We don't

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anticipate this process will be easy or quick, but we must pursue it in

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parallel with our military approach.

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We will be looking at the prospects of success in the talks that are due

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to start within days. Also tonight: At the G8 Summit,

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leaders agree more aid for Syrian refugees, but there is no agreement

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on President Assad's fate. As campaigners call for tougher

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rules on tax evasion, the G8 leaders agree new global action.

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Ministers claim fundamental progress in blocking images of child sexual

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abuse online after talks with the internet companies.

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And what is happening to the weather? We report on the latest

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debate among the experts. Later in the hour on BBC News, I

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will be few would sport today as the British and Irish Lions lose on tour

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for the first time, just four days before they face Australia in the

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in Afghanistan, costing thousands of lives and billions of pounds, the

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Americans are to start direct talks with the Taliban. The White House

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called it the first step on a long road to peace. The process was

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announced on the day the Afghan government took full control of

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security in the country, as David Each of the past 12 years, the

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Afghan war has cost those nations fighting it around �20 billion. Then

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there is the cost in lives lost, tens of thousands of Afghans, and

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3000 dead foreign troops. But as foreign forces closed down bases to

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go home, the uneasy truth is that, far from being defeated, the Taliban

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are still fighting and is now claiming political legitimacy by

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opening an office in the Gulf and still calling themselves by the name

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they did when they were in Afghanistan. We want good relations

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with all countries of the world, including the neighbouring

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countries. The opening of the Taliban office upstaged a ceremonial

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event in Kabul to mark the formal handover of Afghan security from

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NATO to the Afghan government, an historic moment for Afghanistan, but

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President Karzai found himself talking about the old enemy.

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principles are that the talks must bring about an end to violence in

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Afghanistan. In Afghanistan there is fear among human rights activists

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that there may be too many concessions made to the Taliban on

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women's rights or education in return for peace, but nothing will

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happen fast. We do not anticipate this process will be easy or quick,

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but we must pursue it in parallel with our military approach, and we

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will in the meantime remain fully committed to our military efforts to

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defeat Al-Qaeda and support the Afghan national security forces.

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There have been 444 British dead, almost all of them killed between

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2006 and 2012 in Helmand. Politicians and military leaders

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agree that it is time to talk. have long argued that we need to

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match the security response in Afghanistan where our troops do

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fantastically important work and where the programme of handing over

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to the Afghan national-security forces is on track, we have to match

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that with a political process to try to make sure that as many people as

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possible give up violence, give up armed struggle. There has been no

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call for a seized by, the war will not end with these talks, but these

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talks could end the war. -- these fire. This could mark the beginning

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of the end of Afghanistan's long torment.

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As Britain's long and dusty campaign draws to a close, it might be some

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time before we can say whether it affairs editor John Simpson, John,

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how do you see the prospects of success in these talks? Everybody is

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talking about a long time, it will take a good deal of time. I mean,

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the phrases are just endless. About the length of talks, if they

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actually do start properly and continue. Apart from anything else,

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who are the Taliban? You know, they are such a diverse group, with no

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kind of clear structure, military or political structure. It is not like

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holding talks with the B and conquer, say, all with the IRA or

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something like that. These are groups of people, some of whom want

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to talk, for whatever reason, many of whom do not want to talk, and

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indeed there is really every reason to think that those who don't want

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to talk of the ones that really are the decision-makers. Some years ago

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now, I suppose it is four or five years ago, I suppose, when these

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things started first to come up, I talked to somebody very senior in

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the Taliban, genuinely part of the leadership, and he said, why do we

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want to talk with the Americans? We are winning. Personally, I do not

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think they are winning, but nevertheless they think they are,

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and the logic of talking from their point of view is a less than it is

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from the point of view of President Obama, who is pulling his troops out

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and wants to make sure he goes out on a high note.

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Once again, John, thank you very much, John Simpson.

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After two days of talking in Northern Ireland, the G8 world

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leaders have reached final conclusions on Syria, global tax

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avoidance, and on fighting terrorism. There was broad agreement

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on the need to negotiate a settlement in Syria, but there was

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no mention of President Assad and his place in the country's future.

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President Putin of Russia warned against sending arms to be Syrian

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rebels, comparing them with the people who murdered Drummer Lee

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Rigby in Woolwich. Nick Robinson has this report.

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It is the most exclusive club on the planet, open only to the leaders of

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the world 's richest nations, but one question has hung over the still

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and beautiful waters of Lough Erne. As the G8 the will, the power to

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stop the latest conflict to ravage the Middle East? The public smiles

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belie private disagreements. Russia's often grim faced President

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Rudin has resisted pressure from his fellow leaders. -- Putin. They

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wanted him to sign up to a statement which made clear that the Syrian

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future cannot involve President Assad. He refused. The Prime

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Minister insisted, though, that all the G8 leaders wanted this message

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to be heard by those considering abandoning the Assad regime. What is

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important is to send a very clear signal to the Syrian leadership that

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we know Syria needs a functioning government, functioning departments,

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a functioning military and police force, it needs those things after

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Assad has gone. You cannot imagine a Syria where this man continues to

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rule, having done such dreadful things to his people, but these

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people also want stability, and they should know that this is what the

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international community has agreed. That was not spelt out in the G8

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communique, so what exactly did the leaders agreed on how to handle

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Syria and President Assad? The leaders say they will work together

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to stop the bloodshed in Syria, they will push for fresh peace talks in

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Geneva as soon as possible, and they will committed to destroying and

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expelling Al-Qaeda supporters. What they have not agreed on is the

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supply of weapons, and crucially they have not agreed on the future

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of President Assad. President Putin has signed up to very similar

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language in the past, but he has never spoken out against arming the

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Syrian rebels in a way designed to be more provocative than this.

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TRANSLATION: Recently the British people suffered a tragedy, next to

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his barracks on the streets of London a British serviceman was

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violently assassinated. Clearly, the Syrian opposition is not entirely

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composed of people like this, but many of them are exactly the same as

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the ones who perpetrated the killing in London. What was not hurt here is

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any detail of how and when President Obama will carry out American

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promises to give military support to the opposition. His only words on

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the subject came in an interview recorded before he left home.

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are folks who say we are so scarred from Iraq that we should not have

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anything to do with it. I reject that view as well, because the fact

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of the matter is that we have got serious interest there. To those who

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fear we are on the brink of a superpower proxy war in the Middle

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East, any agreement here will be welcome. Britain and America have

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toned down their rhetoric about arming the rebels. Russia, they

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hope, is ready to see the back of President Assad. The only question -

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is anyone in Syria actually listening? As the G8 leaders flew

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away from yet another summit, the question remained unanswered. Will

:10:23.:10:33.
:10:33.:10:35.

Well, the G8 leaders said the deal on tax agreed at the summit would

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tackle what they call the scourge of tax evasion, giving government is

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automatic access to information about a resident's tax affairs.

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Rules will be changed to stop firms moving profits across national

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borders to reduce tax bills. Stephanie Flanders has more details.

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A grand commitment on tax from the world's most powerful leaders, but

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they know better than most that when it comes to who pays tax and how

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much, it is all in the small print. The declaration that has been signed

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here at the DH, we are committing all of these countries to exchanging

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information on people who try to evade their taxes, on making sure

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that companies know who owns them. And on making sure that companies

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cannot shift profits artificially to avoid tax. Grand promises, but what

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will they mean in practice? One key commitment was the promise of a new

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global standard for tackling tax evasion where authorities will

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automatically exchange information so that if a British national opens

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a bank account in a tax haven, the Inland Revenue would automatically

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find out. That would be a change from today, when they have to ask

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for that information in each individual case. To follow the

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money, Inland Revenue also needs to know who owns what, and that is

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where the second big promise comes in, to set up a central register of

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ownership and require every company to say who really owns and controls

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them. Campaigners welcome to both parts of the deal but wanted the

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leaders to do more to help developing countries benefit, and

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more creative tax planning for big multinationals. This is a first

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step, and it has been recognised in this declaration that companies need

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to declare where they pay their tax, how much tax they should pay, but it

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is only a first step, and we wanted to be publicly available so the

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public and the media can scrutinise that and make sure companies pay

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their tax early. By themselves, today's promises will not directly

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stop big multinationals using loopholes in the system to slash tax

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bills in countries where they do a lot of business. They talked today

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about getting rid of those holes, but that is a global problem even

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the G8 leaders cannot promise to solve any time soon, at least not

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until they have more countries around the table at the G20's summit

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The use of face down restraint in mental health hospitals in England

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could be banned. The BBC has seen evidence which shows the

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controversial technique is being used hundreds of times a year in

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some NHS trusts, a level described by a health minister as shocking and

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even excessive. Mark Easton has the details. This man's death in a

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mental hospital led to the American state banning the use of face-down

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restraints, but in England, in the 15 years since David Rocky Bennett

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died in similar circumstances, campaigners say there have been 13

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restraint-related deaths involving mental health patients and the time

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to ban is long overdue. It's dehumanising and at worst a death

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sentence. We don't want to see it in the NHS. Naomi knows what it means

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to be pinned to the ground and as a mental health patient she has

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endured the procedure many times. Most recently a few months ago.

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are terrified anyway and it makes you feel even more scared. You are

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supposed to be building up trust with the staff, but the way it's

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done quite often it means that that trust is broken completely.

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Face-down restraint should only be employed as a last resort, but

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figures show wide variation in the use. In 2011 it was not used at all

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by four English mental health trusts. While one trust in

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Northumberland used it over 900 times and another in Southampton

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over # 00. A number of trusts were unable to provide figures. -- 800. A

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number of trusts were unable to provide figures. A minister said the

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variation in the use of restraint is shocking and he's demanding answers

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from the two trusts who between them account for almost half the use of

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face-down restraint. I'm very interested in what Mind says about

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the idea of just banning face-down restraint. If that's possible, it

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should be done. Two of the trusts involved used then hundreds of times

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a year. I want them to address what appears to be a very considerable

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excessive use of restraint. In a statement, the Northumberland Trust

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said it only uses the most proportionate response. The southern

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Health Trust, said it is used to minimise discomfort and stress to

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staff and patients. Face-down restraint is no longer used in

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Sheffield, after the medical director of the most Trust there

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experienced the procedure for himself. Pretty unpleasant actually.

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Hard to breathe. We have taken a very determined stand to stop the

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use of face-down restraint throughout the Trust and it's not

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caused the problems that people thought it might. We have done less

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restraint and less see collusions. Professor cendal is reviewing

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official guidance and says the committee is likely now to consider

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whether an outright ban on them should be introduced. There has been

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a higher-than-expected rise in inflation, reaching 2. 7% in May

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from 2. 4% in April. The rise was at bueded to increases in the cost of

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food and clothing and air fares. -- attributed to increases in the

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cost of food and clothing and air fares. Millions of people took to

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the streets in Brazil, with violent clashes with police in Rio. Protests

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are over rising public transport costs, and the expense of staging

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the 2014 World Cup. In Lebanon, there has been more loss

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of life in the latest outbreak of violence between rival groups

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provoked by the civil war in neighbouring Syria. The conflict is

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becoming increasingly sectarian as Sunni rebels take on the forces of

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President Assad and his Shia supporters. As we now report, the

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fear is that this sectarian conflict will spread further across the

:17:10.:17:16.

region. The Lebanese army sent

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reinforcements when the clashes started. It's already stretched

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thin, trying to keep the peace. On one side where gunmen loyal to an

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extremist Sunni cleric, who has been stirring up tension. The other set

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of guns belong to a group that support the Shia militia, Hezbollah.

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The fault line runs through the Middle East. It's rumbling because

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of sectarian killing in Syria and exporting hatred and fear. The Army

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managed to calm things inside, orderering the gunmen off the

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streets, until the next time. The city remains tense. Every time

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there's an incident like this in Lebanon there are more fears that

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the nightmare of civil war that ended more than 20 years ago could

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return to this country. As ever, the Lebanese are not masters of their

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own destinies. They are buffeted by forces that come from abroad and

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they're finding it very hard to deal with what has been unleashed by the

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civil war in Syria. At the top of the ridge is Syria. It's war is

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leaking into all the neighbours, but down the mountain in the Beqaa

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Valley they feel it more than most. TRANSLATION: --This woman's son was

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a Hezbollah fighter and he was killed in April as Hezbollah battled

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against the Assad regime -- for the Assad regime against the allies of

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Al-Qaeda. TRANSLATION: We are up against something more important

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than Israel, the Nusra Front. If we don't take a stand, who will?

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Hezbollah's leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah is a vital ally for

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Syria's President. Hezbollah has lost many men in Syria, but they've

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been hardened by years of fighting Israel and for now have the rebels

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on the runment they are Shia Muslims and share a background with Assad's

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Alawites. The war in Syria didn't start as a sectarian fight, but it's

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turning into one. That matters in Lebanon even in hospitals, because

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the sectarian divisions in this country mirror those in Syria. Not

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from Hezbollah strongholds in the town Sunni Muslims are being treated

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by a Lebanese Sunni charity. This rebel fighter from the Free Syrian

:19:56.:20:05.

Army said he was shot by a Hezbollah sniper. Trans war's spreading fast.

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Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq are affected, because no-one knows how

:20:08.:20:16.

to stop it. In Lebanon, peace depends on maintaining a delicate

:20:16.:20:20.

equilibrium between give groups. Syria's war means the formula isn't

:20:20.:20:30.
:20:30.:20:33.

internet industry about blocking images of child sexual abuse on-line

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have made fundamental progress. Companies, including Google, Twitter

:20:36.:20:41.

and BT, have agreed to give an extra �1 million to the Internet Watch

:20:41.:20:45.

Foundation to search for abusive images rather than just responding

:20:45.:20:49.

to reports. It is estimated that there are one million unique images

:20:49.:20:57.

of child abuse on-line. 40,000 are currently reported every year.

:20:57.:21:05.

9,500,000 web pages are removed in response. -- 9,500 web pages are

:21:05.:21:10.

removed in response. Stuart Hazell and Mark Bridger used extreme

:21:10.:21:15.

pornography on-line. Today, internet companies and ministers met to

:21:15.:21:18.

discuss how to curb access to such material. They agreed new powers for

:21:18.:21:23.

the body which tries to remove it. The two recent paedophile cases,

:21:23.:21:27.

particularly, have brought this way up in the public consciousness and

:21:27.:21:29.

people really want something done about it and we can do something

:21:29.:21:34.

about it, not everything, but something. The Government said the

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inter Internet Watch Foundation would now be able to do more. The

:21:37.:21:41.

body, funded by industry, will receive another �1 million from

:21:41.:21:44.

internet companies. It's work involves acting on reports of child

:21:44.:21:50.

abuse images. It will now actively seek them out and it issues a black

:21:50.:21:53.

list for internet providers to block and now they're being encouraged to

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flash up a warning when users try to access such images. In public, the

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internet companies were polite about today's meeting, but in private they

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said there was little new about the measure unveiled. One executive, who

:22:06.:22:10.

was there, told me the politicians had shown frightening ignorance

:22:10.:22:14.

about the technical issues and he accused the Government of failing to

:22:14.:22:18.

provide sufficient funding to track down those behind the child abuse

:22:18.:22:25.

images. The job of prosecuting those who upload or view the images is

:22:25.:22:27.

done by Child Exploitation and Online Protection Agency, and their

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budget has been cut to �6 million, but the Government insists the work

:22:31.:22:34.

in this area has become more effective. We have got more people

:22:34.:22:39.

working on the front line, on the sorts of issues that are connected

:22:39.:22:45.

with child abuse and child exploileTation. What is important --

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exploitation, but what is important is Child Exploitation and Online

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Protection Agency are working in co-operation with the industry.

:22:49.:22:56.

Parents' groups want more action now. It's illegal content, so there

:22:56.:23:00.

needs to be funding to back up the agencies and the Internet Watch

:23:00.:23:05.

Foundation to make sure it's not there and people are prosecuted.

:23:05.:23:09.

campaign to eradicate the images is gathering pace, but finding them in

:23:09.:23:16.

every dark corner of the internet won't be easy.

:23:16.:23:23.

On thes -- from the freezing winter of 2010 to last year's soaking-wet

:23:23.:23:27.

summer, Britain has experienced unusual weather patterns in recent

:23:27.:23:33.

years, and today meteorologists have met to discuss the patterns and to

:23:33.:23:37.

consider whether they are part of a radical shift in global weather

:23:37.:23:40.

radical shift in global weather forms. A freezing winter three years

:23:40.:23:48.

ago. The country almost paralysed. Last year, one of the wettest

:23:48.:23:52.

summers on record. And we have just had the chilliest spring for 50

:23:52.:23:57.

years. This kind of thing has happened before, but rarely in such

:23:57.:24:01.

quick succession, so is there something behind this? Today at the

:24:01.:24:06.

Met Office in Exeter, they were puzzling over the swirl of colours

:24:06.:24:10.

representing the jet stream. It's the key to our weather. But not the

:24:10.:24:14.

whole answer, because what shapes the jet stream is a range of forces.

:24:14.:24:19.

The sun, for example. And the warmth of the oceans. Maybe man-made

:24:19.:24:24.

greenhouse gases as well, but no single answer has emerged. At the

:24:24.:24:28.

moment we really can't say. I know it's a disappointing answer for you.

:24:28.:24:32.

It's a disappointing answer for scientists to have this uncertainty,

:24:33.:24:36.

but I want to emphasise that in order to address that question we

:24:36.:24:41.

need to know what is loading the dice for the position of the jet

:24:41.:24:44.

stream. To understand our weather, the starting point is the jet

:24:44.:24:49.

stream. The river of wind flowing above the Atlantic. This is where it

:24:49.:24:54.

should be for us to get decent weather, but when it's south we get

:24:54.:24:58.

more rain, but what affects the course? The rapid retreat of arkic

:24:58.:25:03.

sea ice. The red line shows the average. That could be one factor.

:25:03.:25:06.

Or is it the temperatures and currents of the Atlantic Ocean? Heat

:25:06.:25:12.

in the ocean influences the air above. Finally, the sun, now in a

:25:12.:25:15.

more active phase can affect the upper atmosphere, or it could be a

:25:15.:25:22.

mix of all of these. Last year, the Arctic ice melted to a record

:25:22.:25:26.

extent. I saw for myself what happened. This may be a sign of a

:25:27.:25:30.

man-made influence in any event, but some scientists believe the scale of

:25:30.:25:35.

the change is so great that it must disrupt the circulation of air above

:25:35.:25:41.

it. We have this unprecedented decline in Arctic sea ice and it has

:25:41.:25:46.

a direct impact on the atmosphere above it. One is the atmosphere

:25:46.:25:50.

warming. But the patterns of winds and currents are incredibly complex.

:25:50.:25:54.

Working it all out is one of the toughest challenges in modern

:25:54.:25:58.

science. There's just so much that isn't known. The answer may even lie

:25:58.:26:03.

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