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the Royal Australian fleet into Sydney. Fantastic. —— centenary | :00:00. | :00:00. | |
anniversary of the first entry of the Royal Australian fleet into | :00:00. | :00:14. | |
Sydney. 20 years ago Yun Chang's Wild Swans became a worldwide best | :00:14. | :00:16. | |
seller. She followed it up with Wild Swans became a worldwide best | :00:16. | :00:22. | |
devastating 900 biography of the man she believes was a tyrant. Now she | :00:22. | :00:24. | |
towering figure in Chinese figure she believes was a tyrant. Now she | :00:24. | :00:41. | |
towering figure in Chinese figure Was she, as popular legend had it a | :00:41. | :00:43. | |
and a moderniser? Your central Was she, as popular legend had it a | :00:43. | :00:56. | |
and a moderniser? Your central character was a remarkable woman, | :00:56. | :00:57. | |
emperor's lovers and her son became character was a remarkable woman, | :00:57. | :01:05. | |
emperor's lovers and her son became emperor in name, but she engineered | :01:05. | :01:10. | |
a coup against the rulers and took control herself. She was a natural | :01:10. | :01:19. | |
politician, yes? She was. She was a politician in a rather modern way. | :01:19. | :01:29. | |
Her call was a popular one, because she got eight regions appointed | :01:29. | :01:34. | |
Her call was a popular one, because her husband and she made her say the | :01:34. | :01:38. | |
de facto ruler. The regions were going to carry on with her husband's | :01:38. | :01:45. | |
policies and the previous emperor's policies to keep the laws of China | :01:46. | :01:51. | |
closed. These had been zraS rust because western powers are invaded | :01:51. | :01:52. | |
in the opium wars and China was because western powers are invaded | :01:52. | :01:57. | |
doing well under this policy? It was disastrous. Under her husband, | :01:57. | :02:03. | |
because of the policies, the old palace was burnt down. Because she | :02:03. | :02:08. | |
was a woman she could not take power openly and she was literally behind | :02:08. | :02:13. | |
the throne, because her son would sit in the throne and she would | :02:13. | :02:17. | |
the throne, because her son would meetings of the council from behind | :02:17. | :02:20. | |
a yellow screen? They didn't see. Well, yes, there is a picture in my | :02:20. | :02:28. | |
book, which shows the audience hall. At the time China had strict male | :02:28. | :02:32. | |
and female segregation. She couldn't At the time China had strict male | :02:32. | :02:40. | |
officials were all male, so she would have to sit behind a silk | :02:40. | :02:42. | |
prosecution trait themselves in would have to sit behind a silk | :02:42. | :02:50. | |
prosecution trait themselves in five—year—old son would occasionally | :02:50. | :02:56. | |
be put on the throne, but it was a crippling position, but she launched | :02:56. | :03:01. | |
point of the book and perhaps the a modern China. This is the key | :03:01. | :03:03. | |
point of the book and perhaps the most controversial, because the | :03:03. | :03:05. | |
the end of her life perhaps is a most controversial, because the | :03:05. | :03:17. | |
the end of her life perhaps is a project of modernisation. You say | :03:17. | :03:22. | |
beginning? Yeah, because it started in 1861, when she seized power. | :03:22. | :03:31. | |
beginning? Yeah, because it started acknowledged. They were common | :03:31. | :03:33. | |
knowledge, but they were always detractors do have something to | :03:33. | :03:42. | |
knowledge, but they were always In 1900 there was a rebellion and a | :03:42. | :03:47. | |
lot of Chinese peasants effectively very anti—western formed gangs which | :03:47. | :03:50. | |
rampaged around killing foreigners. As a result of that, western powers, | :03:50. | :03:55. | |
America, Britain, Germany and Japan all invaded. It was a disastrous | :03:55. | :03:59. | |
war. Beijing was badly knocked destruction and she herself had | :03:59. | :04:03. | |
war. Beijing was badly knocked flee with the court and didn't get | :04:03. | :04:06. | |
back for 18 months to Beijing. She backed the Boxers and that doesn't | :04:07. | :04:13. | |
sound like the move of a pro—western moderniser. She didn't back the | :04:13. | :04:20. | |
Boxers for a very, very long time. Until western powers gave her an | :04:20. | :04:29. | |
pronounce a legal —— illegal this organisation, which was xenophobic. | :04:29. | :04:34. | |
She couldn't and wouldn't be seen as somebody who just did what western | :04:34. | :04:41. | |
powers told her to do. She was facing the prospect of the invasion. | :04:41. | :04:44. | |
Then she realised at this point facing the prospect of the invasion. | :04:44. | :04:50. | |
something that happened right at the misguidedly thought she could use | :04:50. | :05:00. | |
something that happened right at the very end of her life. It turns out | :05:00. | :05:02. | |
Machiavellian to the most extreme very end of her life. It turns out | :05:02. | :05:15. | |
degree, isn't it? Well, the thing is this — that the day before she died, | :05:15. | :05:16. | |
when she few she was going to die, this — that the day before she died, | :05:16. | :05:20. | |
when she few she was going to die, she poisoned her adopted son, who | :05:20. | :05:22. | |
was the emperor. But who was her she poisoned her adopted son, who | :05:22. | :05:32. | |
was the emperor. But who was her involved in the plot to assassinate | :05:32. | :05:35. | |
her before. She knew that if she had died and he was alive China would | :05:35. | :05:42. | |
land in the lap of Japan. The reason is the Japanese had been trying | :05:42. | :05:48. | |
land in the lap of Japan. The reason turn her adopted son into a puppet | :05:48. | :05:48. | |
of theirs. They had been trying turn her adopted son into a puppet | :05:48. | :05:54. | |
kidnap him. Why was it that her successors as rulers of China in the | :05:54. | :06:00. | |
20th century were so keen to blacken her name? Well, I mean, after she | :06:00. | :06:05. | |
died, three years later, China became a republic. The leaders — the | :06:05. | :06:10. | |
subsequent political forces in nationalists, then the communists, | :06:10. | :06:19. | |
wanted to say how they rescued China from her. She had made a mess of | :06:19. | :06:25. | |
China. She was a despot. She kept China in a Medieval misery and it | :06:25. | :06:31. | |
was they who had started the mod eRpisation and opened the doors | :06:31. | :06:37. | |
was they who had started the mod modernisation and opened the doors | :06:37. | :06:40. | |
for China. It's not true. Compared to their rule, Mao caused the death | :06:40. | :06:43. | |
of well over 70 million Chinese to their rule, Mao caused the death | :06:44. | :06:48. | |
rule was incredible. I have been peacetime and compared to that, | :06:48. | :06:54. | |
rule was incredible. I have been looking at the Chinese regime and | :06:54. | :06:57. | |
it's trying to go back to Mao's days, because the Chinese regime | :06:58. | :07:00. | |
faced in the last years of her life, days, because the Chinese regime | :07:00. | :07:13. | |
faced in the last years of her life, development, prosperity and the | :07:13. | :07:16. | |
faced in the last years of her life, rising expectations and they had to | :07:16. | :07:20. | |
decide where to go next. The current regime in Beijing decides to go | :07:20. | :07:27. | |
decide where to go next. The current to Mao's time and she decides to | :07:27. | :07:29. | |
push ahead, not wind the clock back, but to push for political reforms. | :07:29. | :07:33. | |
wanted to introduce the vote. That but to push for political reforms. | :07:33. | :07:46. | |
wanted to introduce the vote. That constitutional monarchy like —— | :07:46. | :07:46. | |
monarchy, but unfortunately she constitutional monarchy like —— | :07:46. | :07:56. | |
project, but in her will she said this is what she really wanted to | :07:56. | :08:01. | |
do, that China belonged to the Chinese people. Thank you very much. | :08:01. | :08:04. |