30/05/2013 Newsnight

Tonight, the Woolwich backlash, something the police and

politicians feared might happen, but has there been a rise in

attacks on Muslim people or premises since the murder of Lee

Rigby? For poor old sod off he jabs being

pulled off, abusive language. We asked the police adviser, and he

claims the incidents of hate crimes has risen significantly. It also,

the BBC's Frank Gardner goes to Los Angeles to see how doctors are

repaired and lives damaged by gunfire on the mean streets.

The aces both weird and fascinating for May, because this is how or why

would have been brought in, scooped up nine years ago, when I was

shocked. Also, killer robots.

From drones to the pitiless technology of robots, they could be

the next big thing in warfare. Should they be banned? And, the

author of Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus on his latest book

on the battle of the sexes, this Could it meant. Formerly a years,

when terrorists struck a Northern Ireland, people talked about the

politics of the last atrocity, the revulsion and anger which sometimes

turns to hate and a cycle of violence.

Police and politicians for read about a possible backlash over the

murder of Lee Rigby fear the result could be attacks directed on Muslim

communities. We have established some evidence that there has been

such a backlash, although it may be a temporary blip. We asked Mohammed

Khaliel to compare the dumpers of reports of harassment and crimes

against Muslim in the past week with those of a normal week. Here

is his report. It is like one of those events,

where you stop doing what you what the wind. I must have been thinking

what every single Muslim was thinking, my God, please, do not

let it be a Muslim. I have been a community advocate, including in

High Wycombe, for a number of years. I took to the streets to find out

how the community feel a week after the Woolwich murder. I had heard of

reports of women being spat. Language, and racial abuse, it is a

culture of fear, but are not blame them for not reporting it. They are

suffering in silence? Absolute glee. Who is stoking the fear? The EDL

protested at the weekend, that is what has made it worse. People who

may not have heard about them, bait are aware there is a group of

people that are so against them, they can foist such horrible things.

That is why there is a fear culture. How do we know our neighbour does

not share the same few? Have you have any incidents since last

Thursday? A couple of other drivers have. Fur abilities? Yes. -- verbal

abuse? Decor must terrorists, -- they call us terrorists. But do not

know where they come from or what they are to wind. The cannot

understand why Muslims will allow extremists in their mosque, that

his it. But no mosque allows that. Extremist preaching is done

privately, out of mosques. You tell me that. But to the greater

audience understand that the vast majority of Muslims are not

interested? He read that people are afraid of reporting incidents to

the police, I headed to the secret headquarters of a confidential

Muslim hot line. The collect evidence that goes to the police,

so they can act on it. We can analyse what is happening to across

the country. The taxi drivers say they suffer races and, late night

catering industry workers also suffer prejudice. After a street

level, our findings are mainly around Muslim -- visible Muslim

women, they suffered verbal abuse. Last but not least, mosques, which

are seen as a symbolic reflection of the community, they are targeted.

On 21st May, 800 cases, but they have been 200 since then. Hate

crime, heat speech. One concert is a heat incidents, -- one is hate

incidents. One of them reads, kill them, kill them all. This is

somebody inciting murder. Complete Lee. It is a sense of projecting a

complex, new ones answers to social problems, and governed for violent,

just kill people. This is, and rhetoric, these are just once I

have picked out from the last few days. I've discussed what I had

heard and with the commander of policing in Woolwich. We came

across people who had either heard of all were aware of people that

had suffered what could be classed as racial crime since the events of

Woolwich. They put up with the abuse. Why do you think that is? I

to not know, you would have to speak to them, but a lot of crimes

are under-reported, there is sometimes a perception that the

police will not take it further. But we do. The commitment of 500

police officers in London to deal with hate crimes is significant,

because we recognise the impact it could have on people's lives.

for the police say, many Muslims are still extremely reluctant to

come forward, even with the current I went and what you make of that,

were they to think that is diffident, and whether it tends to

be a blip? He tends to be an emotional reaction to the events

that we sought in Woolwich last week, as their boss after the

bombings in 2005. But there is a temporary increase in reported

Islam a phobia. It tends to peter out as we go forward. Along with

all sorts of other hate crimes, racist attacks on black people,

homophobic attacks on gay and lesbian people, there is under

reporting that. There is under reporting of these attacks. But

after the seventh July it went down. If you look at this as a proportion

of overall crime, it is a very small proportion. What did you make

of this? Is it significant? After every successful terrorist attack,

especially those against symbols of a national identity, somebody in

the Army, there is usually a spike in this type of crime. But we need

to bear in mind that overall, the British public is tolerant towards

Islam. There is an interesting statistic, in 2000, 14% of the

British public said they did not want to have a Muslim as a

neighbour, that put us in the top one or two in Europe, but in 2008,

that percentage had gone down to 13%. All of these events have not

changed public opinion at all. The same thing will happen here. What

do you think about tweets which people can find her at full? Of a

significant? That is a good question. Something that is under

reported it is the number of very abusive, vitriolic, often targeted

threats towards Muslims online. There is a huge amount of that

taking place. That is a fairly new phenomenon. In 2005, that was not

around at all. If you look at the English Defence League, they are

receiving a huge a matter for peace as well, and there is a danger that

both sides of radicalise each other and spur each of the order.

pursue that, isn't it just a few obsessives who tweet constantly?

You see tens of thousands of trolls. A There is a certain number of

people who just take pleasure in defending as many people as they

can. You have seen a surge in this, but some of this is to offend

intentionally, less of it is targeted and aggressive. The key

question is, do you think that Muslim people in this country on

living in fear of a backlash? the report today, Muslims are

living in a fear of backlash, by putting up with hate crime,

criminal acts. And if not engaging. A lot of people in different

committees said the Muslim communities have to do more to it

ejects some of these nasty characters. This is where the

Muslim Committee would say, whenever a Christian or non-Muslim

does a horrible crime, like David Copeland, we did not say, you have

to start ejecting everybody in your community. Why is it the Muslim

Committee? People did with the Irish community during the IRA

bombings. The then reflect it was not a great position. What the

Irish went through, the Muslim community are going through.

free learned? It is an interesting point, the far right in this

country are also the victims of hate speech, sometimes they are

beaten up, and sometimes they cannot march where they want to. Is

that fair? Course, because what the police want to do is for there to

be peace, no conflict, no violence. If you allow people to demonstrate

in that way who advocate violence against people who are different

from the majority, that is not something we would want to

encourage. A these groups would say they do not advocate that, they say

they feel threatened by changes in the community, people living next

door. They have got the right to say that, but it is the way in

which they say it. If you allow them to march through... The BNP

want to march through Lewisham, three are trying to encourage the

police to prevent that, because it is a symbolic location, there are

large ethnic minorities, and there is likely to be conflict. When we

talk about the FA Vite, which are over-egging it, because it is a

different picture from France or other countries. Across Europe, the

strength of the far right is much more significant than it is here.

It is important to be seen to treat all groups equally. The EDL has a

right to march, Islamists have a right to march, because otherwise,

people play the free speech card, and that is what they want. I must

come back about whether the Muslim community should come out and

denounce these. It is not their responsibility, but if somebody was

using my religion as an excuse to commit terrible acts, I would want

to be saying that Act was wrong. That is absolutely the point, that

person claimed to be full of wind Islam, and a week ask anybody to

show wage you can drive a car and take an innocent life in that

manner. Even in times of war, the Koran says you cannot harm trees,

women, children. There are strict I just wonder if the point of this

then is that people who do want us to live together as a society, come

along to meetings and discuss it, but on the fringes, there are

people and Muslim extremists and some on the far-right who don't

want that and they are not contactable and there is nothing

you could have done as a police officer to bring them together?

There are people who are mainstream Muslims. There are people who have

extreme views around Islam, but there is this third group who are

violent terrorists, who are also radical and we have to

differentiate between those who are intent on violence and those people

who are just radical on the far- right and and amongst the people in

the Islamic community. Thank you very much.

Now, the surgery of violence. The astonishing amount of gun violence

in the United States means that American doctors have had more

experience than any others in peace time of putting back together

bodies severely damaged by bullets and there have been some

extraordinary advances. We asked the BBC's security correspondent,

Frank Gardner, who was himself shot by Islamist extremists in Saudi

Arabia to go to Los Angeles and give his assessment of some of the

new techniques. We should warn you there are some graphic scenes in

Los Angeles, California. Wealthy, glamorous and home to the world's

entertainment industry. It is also the State with the highest gun

murder rate in America. We have been given unique access to one of

the busiest emergency trauma clinics in the country. We get a

constant stream of gunshot victims coming through the door here. The

city is home to over 400 gangs with over 40,000 members. They treat so

many trauma cases in this city, the US Navy sends its medics to one of

its hospitals for predeployment training.

Midnight, and a casualty is coming in. It is a gunshot wound victim

with life threatening injuries. This is Los Angeles County General,

a State funded hospital in impoverished east La, serving the

poor and uninsured and Latino population.

He has multiple holes here. I am sorry. Its Its pioneering trauma

unit is classed as level one. That means it provides the highest level

of care. Those treated here have a 25% greater chance of survival than

those at an ordinary hospital. One in the high. One in the groin

and one in the buttocks. As a survivor of a gun attack myself, I

have come to witness how the unit and its patients are impacted by

the violence brought in from the surrounding streets.

This is the second gunshot wound victim to be brought into this

hospital tonight. It is just after midnight. This one is fatial stable,

-- this one is is is fairly stable, but he has five bullet wounds.

He was lucky to avoid more certificate jus injury when he was

targetsed by gangs on his doorstep. -- avoid more serious injury when

he was targeted by gangs on his doorstep.

He ran. Dodged. Took one to the cheek and he got a graze on the

I didn't know who they were. Random people. His mother along with his

three-year-old sister, watched helpless as he was attacked.

Feeling all extremities. TRANSLATION: She is saying that she

was standing outside of her home watching her little three-year-old

daughter when suddenly there was a black car that came by and they

started shooting randomly at their, at her son. Who is the president?

Obama. This is the reality of daily gun

crime. A drive by shooting like this is not p going to make the

headlines like the big recent massacres, but while we have been

here, we have seen a stream of gunshot victims being brought in

and that's because many are being caught up in the crossfire of a

gang war fought out on the streets outside this hospital.

Does your belly hurt? No, I'm good. This guy has been brought in off

the streets here. He has been shot once through the the knee. They

have searched him and only found one puncture wound. This is typical

here, late at night in this County Hospital in Los Angeles. They are

going to scan him now and do whatever they need to do tonight.

He was brought in by the police and he is not saying much, but we are

told he fits the profile of a gang member.

Did he identify the people who shot him? No. He is not co-operating.

Oh really? He is co-operative with them? Well, they are not the police.

In parts of LA. Violent crime is too common, yet California already

has some of the most stringent gun controls in the country. Some

believe the way forward involves addressing the root cause of the

problem, working with communities to prevent the violence before it

starts. I am on bhi way to South -- I am on

my way to South Central LA. Do what you have got to do. But we

have got a fight fight over there. Highly they are working in the

community trying to guide others towards a better life. What they

are doing here, they are training all of these ex-gang members in how

to deescalate a situation, stopping it getting out of control from

somebody pulling out a gun and shooting somebody else.

You work for me, is that clear? Get away from my school now. Go. When

you look at a neighbourhood like this, you don't realise we are in

the middle of a war zone. Gun violence decimates these

communities. When you realise that 73.9% of the homicides are by guns,

you will realise the impact of gun violence and until we get some

control of not only the weapons themselves, but the mentality, we

are going to be fighting a serious war that is going to take all our

reserves and our energies to get in front of. America has an epidemic

history, a history of epidemic gun violence, in Los Angeles, over

25,000 people have been killed in LA county in gun violence. Over

3,000 children have been shot in the last 30 years. Over 30% of the

children who live in Los Angeles experience post-traumatic stress

from violence. To answer your question, what does gun violence do

to a community? It devastates it on many levels.

A reunion for some of the hospital's most miraculous

survivors from a host of different injuries. This doctor is the man

many owe their lives to and has been head of trauma here for over

20 years. Good day. Good morning. How are you? Are you all right?

Advancement in surgical techniques and the cre agencies of level one

trauma centres has significantly improved outcomes for gunshot wound

victims. Gunshot wound patients who have

been brought in here from being shot in east LA, am I right in

thinking you used to in the old days, they would operate and do

major surgery in the first 24 hours, but now, more of them are living

because you are just stabilising and damage controlling them?

Exactly. Now we learned to move in stages. First, we we stop the

bleeding and we leave the abdomen open and stabilise the physiology

of the patient and return to normal, the blood clots again which is

usually 24, 36 hours later. We will go back to the operating room for

repair. It made a huge difference for adom national injuries, --

abdominal injuries and chest injuries and vascular injuries.

In the operating theatre, the critical care surgeon is working on

one of them. An unidentified male in a serious condition after being

shot just an hour ago. There is another couple down here

as well. So it looks like two separate gunshot wounds. Probably

fired close together in time and hit him at two different spots. It

is impossible if it went from this side to the back or this side up.

So they are just detecting where the holes are right now. This is

weird and fascinating for me because this is pretty how I would

have been brought in, scooped up off the streets nine years ago when

I was shot, but once you get over the initial kind of goriness of

this and it is grizzly to look at, it is extraordinary just how

quickly they operate. Following shootings in here, the

United States is in the midst of one of the politically divisive

debates in its history. Those who believe almost religiously in their

right to have arms pitted against those who want tighter gun controls.

Piers Morgan, an LA resident who received death threats after

speaking out for tighter gun control knows how divisive this

issue can be. America has 300 million guns in

circulation. They are everywhere. You can walk into a Wal-Mart store

here like Tesco's and you can see racks of guns on the walls. They

are that easy to buy. Some would say this is a red

herring because most of the gun crime in the US is carried out by

criminals who have got the guns illegally. So gun control wouldn't

stop them having the guns? Yes, there are various types of gun

violence in America, but collectively they have the worst

worst gun violence of any of the 23 industrialised richest countries in

the world put together. We have been 30 and 40 gun deaths a year in

Britain. America has between 11,000 and 12,000 gun murders and another

18,000 gun suicides. 100,000 Americans get hit by gunfire every

year now. The only reason the death rate isn't higher is because of the

brilliance of the surgeons who can save more lives.

Back The at the reunion, the families are treated to some

unexpected light entertainment. Greg tells me how what began as an

ordinary day turned into his worst nightmare.

I got to visit a friend. Got out of my truck and that's all I remember.

I ended up in hospital. Wow. You don't remember anybody

coming at you. You had seven gunshot wounds. Seven gunshot

wounds P. Where? One straight through my heart. You got shot

through the heart? Through the heart. I got two in one leg. Two in

the other leg. One through my private area and I have grazes on

my arm and wrist. I was 223 days, I got out of the hospital on 4th July.

A week later, I ended up getting kidney stones.

Oh, I have had that. That is horrible. It is so painful. Have

you got the zip sner. Yeah, I got the zipper.

Let's see your zipper. Come on then!

then! That's what mine looks like.

We are just comparing zippers. This is a pathetic zipper. They are

equally good! This is a pale shadow compared to yours. I like that one

better. I was open for seven months. Well, it is glate you made such a

good recovery. Well done. Fewer people are getting shot and

surgery has vastly improved. But the violence has not on of way, and

tonight, like every night, the team will be bracing themselves for more

victims. Now, something completely different.

Mike electronic friend is here because there are moves to plant a

new generation of military robots that can attack and kill without

total Cuban direction. It sounds like some thick outer for a

Terminator movie, and they do not exist so far, but they have been

described as the next revolution in military combat. Once activated,

they can engage and kill targets without further human intervention.

Christof Heyns is one of those who wants a global ban.

In the past, they have been the basis for predictable sci-fi plots,

but today they were discussed as a scary reality. Robots that can

select, attacked and killed. Lethal autonomous robotics are seen as the

next major revolution in warfare. They differ from drones, because

once they have been programmed, they are not controlled by humans.

The machine takes the decision to kill. Today there was the first

international debate on their use at the Human Rights Council. There

was a court for a worldwide moratorium. It is mechanical

slaughter. In the same way as any loss of human life demands

deliberation, this deserves a collective pause, a moratorium.

This on robots are already used in warfare, like these. A British

academic specialising in artificial intelligence explained his concerns

about them. Systems get more and more autonomous, the way they move

around, it we would have less knowledge about that, where it will

make the engagement, soap we have increasing imprecision, with a

decrease in the ability of the human to intervene. Robots can have

many uses. In this research centre, they are experimenting with robotic

manipulation, which it is hoped will have uses in disaster response

or medicine. Nobody here wants this to be stopped, but it is recognised

that such programmes could have military use. They could decide who

to kill, but it is not helpful to focus on that, because the focus on

that tends to encourage people to envisage a Terminator type robot

that is coming out to kill them personally. This is not a future

that any of us envisage. precursors of them are the drones,

unmanned aerial vehicles, not autonomous, though the pilot may be

thousands of miles away from the drone itself. They were originally

intended for surveillance, but they are increasingly used to kill. They

have been used from Afghanistan and Pakistan to Somalia. 369 reported

train strikes took place between 2000 of four and 2013. 317 were

under the Barack Obama administrations. 76 countries have

technology, and 16 have armed capability, including the UK. But

only a handful of working on fully autonomous weapons, including China,

Israel, Russia, the UK and the USA. South Korea has set up sentry

reports along to the demilitarised zone with North Korea. This raises

questions about accountability. If civilians are killed by an

autonomous robot, who should be charged? The book is responsible? -

- who is responsible? That is an interesting question. Is it the

programmers? Is it the military commanders who decided to use the

robot? The technology for lethal autonomous robot is a driving fast.

The United Nations rapporteur bonds a moratorium, military plans may

Explain to us what your position is, given that these weapons do not

actually exist yet. Our campaign is calling for an international treaty

to prohibit fully autonomous weapons. We are concerned that they

would be able to select targets and attacked those targets without any

human control. They would be autonomous. There would be

delegating decision-making powers to machines. We find this terrified.

The machines could be deployed to the battlefield and taking

decisions over life and death. They could not distinguish between

combatants and civilians. It would be a scary prospect in a combat

situation, reducing the protection of civilians. Did you think this is

a step beyond the drains, which many people already think is

immoral? This is a step beyond it, and perhaps a ban should be

considered? A two not think it would be effective, because that is

where the technology is going to go. This is going to be the future.

is inevitable? Yes, we are committed have machines that are

common to be autonomous. We already have machines that have a degree of

semi autonomy. Think about the missile defences that Israel uses,

that could be fully automated quite easily. It will definitely happen.

I do not think this is inevitable. The discussions that we saw today

at the Human Rights Council show that. The report from Christophe

Hines Ward was calling for a moratorium. It was welcomed. It is

good that we are having this debate and discussion, and the discus and

-- discussions signalled there will be a process to prohibit these are.

You talked about the miniature mechanics, would wonder about the

political mechanics. If you were a prime minister or president and he

was faced with a ball which is of limited risk to your politically,

it might make conflict more likely. I am sceptical about this. Partly

because we lack in to recall material on the occurrence of wars,

and some people have argued this in the case of drones. But we still

have conflicts like Syria, dot for, some of these weapons were already

there. But as we know from Libya and other things, the United States

in particular... This would benefit the advanced state better, and they

might be more likely to do these things militarily. It is still a

risky undertaking. Try flying a drone into Russia to kill somebody.

There would be a backlash. But it might not necessarily be a bat

think. If states -- it might not necessarily be bad if states went

to war more often. It could stop genocide and Mussa Kussa. The --

massacres. Certain acts could be stopped by the threat of this. That

might prevent some conflicts. need to have clear roles over these

weapons. The risks that we face with these weapons be induced by

would change the nature of warfare in a very bad way. The best way to

do this is to create a new international law that makes it

clear that the operation of weapons systems needs to be under human

control. The best way to do this is to develop a new international

instrument that makes it clear. There is a bit of the Terminator

factor, the human fear that human beings would no longer be in

control. Human beings are in control in the end, somebody has to

control the robot. This is sometimes presented in such a way

that it appears as if the military is going to get rid of its

procedures, the chain of command, the commitment to control and

command. It sounds as if the military will abolish itself. It is

not in their interest. Before the end of the programme, we

will have the front pages. The first, Men Are From Mars, Women

Are From Venus told -- sold 50 million copies worldwide and

detritus and up the difficulties we have solving our personal

relationships. His new book, Work With Me, takes it a step further.

Just how different our men and women? For John Gray, very. In Men

Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus, he argued there are important

differences between the sexes that we must understand for our

relationships to work better. The The author is not about his critics,

some say this may be popular, but it is simplistic and results to

stereotypes. But now he has turned his attention to the workplace,

claiming the Battle of the sexes is far from over, and has moved from

bedroom to boardroom. His solution, overcoming the gender blind spots

he and his coat off a have identified, including Dick, two

These gender blind spot, to date Govan some of our conduct in the

workplace? They create unnecessary tension. What we have seen, the

stress hormone is women -- in women is much higher than men's, so we

identified some of the frustration that women experience, so we asked

them. The statistics, do women ask too many questions? Most men felt

that they did, and women said they did not. It is a blind spot, we do

not understand where we are coming from. If men understood, they could

build trust with women by asking more questions, and women could ask

their questions in a different way. Presumably, some men asked too many

questions as well. That is part of life. Yes, but we are looking at

averages. We are looking at appreciation, when Duke asked to

win any, do women feel appreciated by a men, half of the women say no,

but if you ask them if they appreciate women, 90% say yes.

There is a disconnect. We have pointed out white women often feel

-- why women often feel under- appreciated. I have wondered if the

stereotyping is a complement, because you or stereotyping based

on what is actually happening. is happening. In this case, we have

the study to show it. It is not everybody that thinks this way, but

we get 80 to 90% of women responding in a different way, and

there is always the exception. We are trying to improve communication.

If a woman thinks more like a man, she often gets to higher levels of

a business. Other women wonder what is coming on. So understanding how

each gender thinks can be helpful in the workplace. You say men tend

to thrive on competition but women are appreciative of others.

Margaret Thatcher thrived on competition. It is not entirely

black and white. She was proud of beer and the Iron Lady. -- being

the Iron Lady. Some women have testosterone like men. When you

have testosterone, due thrive on competition. If you do not have it,

competition raises your stress. Your average male has 30 times more

testosterone than your average female. She is one of the

exceptions. I am going to tell you what is in

the morning papers, if I can get him not to kill me! They are all

focus on the murder of a Paul Jones. The murderer was obsessed with the