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We've been hearing a great deal about the inner planets, | 0:00:32 | 0:00:35 | |
but what about those remote members of the Sun's family? | 0:00:35 | 0:00:38 | |
Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. | 0:00:38 | 0:00:40 | |
They're not spectacular, though I sometimes feel they're rather neglected, | 0:00:40 | 0:00:44 | |
because they are fascinating worlds. | 0:00:44 | 0:00:46 | |
And this is a good time for talking about them, | 0:00:46 | 0:00:48 | |
because they're all on view now | 0:00:48 | 0:00:50 | |
and they're all pretty near our position. | 0:00:50 | 0:00:53 | |
In fact, Pluto came to our position on March 29th. | 0:00:53 | 0:00:56 | |
And by our position, I mean that Pluto, the Earth and the Sun | 0:00:56 | 0:00:59 | |
were then in more or less a straight line, | 0:00:59 | 0:01:01 | |
with the Earth in the middle, | 0:01:01 | 0:01:03 | |
so that Pluto was opposite to the Sun in the sky | 0:01:03 | 0:01:05 | |
and well placed for observation. | 0:01:05 | 0:01:07 | |
Then, Uranus followed to our opposition on April 21st | 0:01:07 | 0:01:10 | |
and Neptune will do so on June 1st. | 0:01:10 | 0:01:14 | |
So they're all there for our inspection. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:16 | |
And, in talking about them, I think will begin with Uranus, | 0:01:16 | 0:01:20 | |
which is the nearest and the brightest | 0:01:20 | 0:01:22 | |
and was the first to be discovered. | 0:01:22 | 0:01:24 | |
So let me show you where to find it. | 0:01:24 | 0:01:26 | |
We'll begin, as we so often do, with Ursa Major, the Great Bear. | 0:01:26 | 0:01:30 | |
Well, follow through the line of the bear's tail | 0:01:30 | 0:01:33 | |
until you come to Arcturus, the brilliant orange red star, | 0:01:33 | 0:01:36 | |
and then onto Spica, in Virgo, | 0:01:36 | 0:01:38 | |
and Virgo itself looks rather like a faint and distorted Y. | 0:01:38 | 0:01:42 | |
And Uranus is here. | 0:01:42 | 0:01:44 | |
Now, you can see it with the naked eye | 0:01:45 | 0:01:47 | |
if you know where to look for it. | 0:01:47 | 0:01:49 | |
I find it a bit difficult. | 0:01:49 | 0:01:50 | |
People with better eyes can see it quite easily. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:52 | |
Through binoculars, it looks like a star. | 0:01:52 | 0:01:55 | |
But through a telescope, it shows a distinct greenish disc. | 0:01:55 | 0:01:58 | |
And this is how it was first identified. | 0:01:58 | 0:02:01 | |
It was discovered, way back in 1781, | 0:02:01 | 0:02:04 | |
by a Hanoverian musician who had come to England | 0:02:04 | 0:02:07 | |
and taken up astronomy. | 0:02:07 | 0:02:08 | |
His name was William Herschel and he made telescopes, | 0:02:08 | 0:02:11 | |
mainly six-inch reflectors. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:13 | |
And if you want to see a Herschel reflector, | 0:02:13 | 0:02:15 | |
go and look at this one at the Science Museum, in South Kensington. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:18 | |
In 1781, Herschel was scanning the sky with one of those telescopes | 0:02:18 | 0:02:22 | |
when he found an object which quite clearly wasn't a star | 0:02:22 | 0:02:25 | |
because it did show a disc and it moved. | 0:02:25 | 0:02:28 | |
And in fact, he thought that it must be a comet | 0:02:28 | 0:02:31 | |
and he wrote a paper to that effect. But when its path was worked out, | 0:02:31 | 0:02:34 | |
it was discovered that this was no comet. | 0:02:34 | 0:02:37 | |
This was a new planet, moving well beyond the path of Saturn, | 0:02:37 | 0:02:41 | |
which, up to then, had been the outermost known member of the Sun's family. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:44 | |
And of course, this was a most exacting discovery | 0:02:44 | 0:02:47 | |
and after some discussion, it was named Uranus. | 0:02:47 | 0:02:49 | |
Well, I'm afraid you're not going to see very much on Uranus with any telescope. | 0:02:49 | 0:02:54 | |
I can show you a picture of it. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:55 | |
And here is one, taken with a major telescope. | 0:02:55 | 0:02:58 | |
Uranus itself is very overexposed | 0:02:58 | 0:03:00 | |
and, of course, that ring and those spikes | 0:03:00 | 0:03:02 | |
are purely photographic effects. | 0:03:02 | 0:03:04 | |
You can see there some of Uranus's satellites as well. | 0:03:04 | 0:03:07 | |
But not even a giant telescope | 0:03:07 | 0:03:09 | |
is going to show you very much on the disc. | 0:03:09 | 0:03:11 | |
Now, this is not because Uranus is small. It's anything but that. | 0:03:11 | 0:03:15 | |
It's a giant world nearly 30,000 miles in diameter. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:19 | |
And as you can see from this picture, | 0:03:19 | 0:03:21 | |
is a great deal larger than the Earth. | 0:03:21 | 0:03:23 | |
It's also a very long way away from us. | 0:03:23 | 0:03:25 | |
Even at the moment, more than 1,600 million miles. | 0:03:25 | 0:03:30 | |
And so, it's not surprising that Uranus is not bright. | 0:03:30 | 0:03:32 | |
It is, incidentally, a gas giant | 0:03:32 | 0:03:34 | |
and rather like a smaller edition of Jupiter or Saturn. | 0:03:34 | 0:03:38 | |
But one very strange thing is the tilt of Uranus' axis. | 0:03:38 | 0:03:43 | |
As I think most people know, | 0:03:43 | 0:03:45 | |
the Earth's axis is tilted to the perpendicular at 23.5 degrees | 0:03:45 | 0:03:49 | |
and that's why we have our seasons. | 0:03:49 | 0:03:51 | |
And most of the other planets have tilts of the same nature. | 0:03:51 | 0:03:54 | |
But Uranus is different, as I can show you from this diagram. | 0:03:54 | 0:03:58 | |
Here, fist of all, we have the Earth's axis, you can see, | 0:03:58 | 0:04:01 | |
and the other planets are much the same. | 0:04:01 | 0:04:03 | |
Mercury is upright, Venus upside down, actually. | 0:04:03 | 0:04:06 | |
Mars, about the same as the Earth, | 0:04:06 | 0:04:08 | |
over to the right of your picture now. | 0:04:08 | 0:04:10 | |
Then Jupiter, pretty well upright. | 0:04:10 | 0:04:12 | |
Saturn, roughly the same as the Earth. | 0:04:12 | 0:04:14 | |
And then, we come to Uranus | 0:04:14 | 0:04:16 | |
where the tilt is more than a right angle. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:19 | |
And beyond that, Neptune, where again we are back to normal | 0:04:19 | 0:04:22 | |
and about Pluto we know nothing. | 0:04:22 | 0:04:24 | |
But this strange axial tilt of Uranus means that, sometimes, | 0:04:24 | 0:04:27 | |
we see the equator presented to us, | 0:04:27 | 0:04:29 | |
and sometimes we see the pole. | 0:04:29 | 0:04:31 | |
And it leads also to a very odd calendar, | 0:04:31 | 0:04:33 | |
because Uranus takes 84 years to go round the Sun, | 0:04:33 | 0:04:37 | |
but less than 11 hours to spin on its axis. | 0:04:37 | 0:04:40 | |
And if you work that out, you can find | 0:04:40 | 0:04:44 | |
that there are over 65,000 Uranian days in every Uranian year. | 0:04:44 | 0:04:49 | |
And this alone would make the calendar a bit complicated, | 0:04:49 | 0:04:53 | |
but the axial tilt makes it worse. | 0:04:53 | 0:04:55 | |
And each pole has a midnight sun lasting for 21 of our years | 0:04:55 | 0:05:00 | |
and then, a corresponding period of darkness. | 0:05:00 | 0:05:03 | |
So the calendar is very odd indeed. | 0:05:03 | 0:05:05 | |
But I can assure you it doesn't upset the Uranians, | 0:05:05 | 0:05:09 | |
because there aren't any. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:10 | |
Uranus is not a world where any Earth-type life can exist | 0:05:10 | 0:05:14 | |
and because it is made up of gas in its outer layers anyway, | 0:05:14 | 0:05:17 | |
we simply can't land there and never will be able to do so. | 0:05:17 | 0:05:20 | |
But I suppose, in the dim and distant future, | 0:05:20 | 0:05:23 | |
we might be able to land on one of Uranus' five moons. | 0:05:23 | 0:05:28 | |
All of which, shown in this picture, | 0:05:28 | 0:05:29 | |
are considerably smaller than our moon, | 0:05:29 | 0:05:32 | |
but nevertheless, there are solid worlds | 0:05:32 | 0:05:34 | |
and possibly one day, they may be approached. | 0:05:34 | 0:05:37 | |
So there is Uranus, as I say, | 0:05:37 | 0:05:39 | |
quite easily visible with binoculars, | 0:05:39 | 0:05:41 | |
although the satellites are pretty faint | 0:05:41 | 0:05:43 | |
and you're not going to see very much on it. | 0:05:43 | 0:05:46 | |
Now, when Uranus had been found and as I say, this was 1781, | 0:05:46 | 0:05:49 | |
the Solar System was again assumed to be complete. | 0:05:49 | 0:05:53 | |
But when a planet is discovered, the mathematicians set to work | 0:05:53 | 0:05:56 | |
and calculate its orbit or path. | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
And before long, it was found that Uranus just was not behaving. | 0:05:59 | 0:06:03 | |
It was wandering away from the position where it should go. | 0:06:03 | 0:06:07 | |
So something was very wrong somewhere. | 0:06:07 | 0:06:09 | |
And the suggestion was made that there might be a more remote planet, | 0:06:09 | 0:06:13 | |
as yet undiscovered, | 0:06:13 | 0:06:15 | |
pulling Uranus out of position. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:17 | |
Now, this suggestion was made in the 1830s | 0:06:17 | 0:06:20 | |
and a report was actually sent in to Greenwich Observatory. | 0:06:20 | 0:06:23 | |
And at Greenwich Observatory, | 0:06:23 | 0:06:25 | |
the Astronomer Royal was a rather formidable gentleman named Airy, | 0:06:25 | 0:06:28 | |
afterwards Sir George Airy, a great administrator. | 0:06:28 | 0:06:31 | |
But Airy didn't take the suggestion very seriously and nothing was done. | 0:06:31 | 0:06:35 | |
Then, in the early 1840s, | 0:06:35 | 0:06:37 | |
the problem was taken up by a young undergraduate of Cambridge, | 0:06:37 | 0:06:41 | |
whose name was John Couch Adams. | 0:06:41 | 0:06:43 | |
Now, Adams had in fact got the key to the whole problem, | 0:06:43 | 0:06:46 | |
because he knew how Uranus was being tugged | 0:06:46 | 0:06:49 | |
and he had to find the culprit. | 0:06:49 | 0:06:51 | |
So he worked out where he thought the new planet must be | 0:06:51 | 0:06:54 | |
and again, he sent the results in to Greenwich. | 0:06:54 | 0:06:56 | |
And once again, nothing was done. | 0:06:56 | 0:06:58 | |
Then, over in France, | 0:06:58 | 0:07:00 | |
the same problem was attacked quite independently | 0:07:00 | 0:07:03 | |
by a French mathematician named Le Verrier, | 0:07:03 | 0:07:05 | |
who was a very brilliant man indeed | 0:07:05 | 0:07:07 | |
and also supposed, I think, to being one of the very rudest men | 0:07:07 | 0:07:10 | |
who have ever lived. | 0:07:10 | 0:07:11 | |
And Le Verrier made the same kind of calculation | 0:07:11 | 0:07:13 | |
and came to the same result. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:15 | |
And he sent his calculations in to the Observatory at Berlin, | 0:07:15 | 0:07:18 | |
who started hunting for the planet. | 0:07:18 | 0:07:20 | |
Meanwhile, over in England, Airy had at last instigated a search | 0:07:20 | 0:07:25 | |
and so, the race was on. | 0:07:25 | 0:07:27 | |
And the continentals won it, | 0:07:27 | 0:07:28 | |
because, at Berlin, the planet was identified | 0:07:28 | 0:07:31 | |
on the basis of Le Verrier's calculations. | 0:07:31 | 0:07:33 | |
So, in fact, Adams finished his work first, | 0:07:33 | 0:07:36 | |
but it was by Le Verrier's work | 0:07:36 | 0:07:37 | |
that the new planet, Neptune, was actually discovered. | 0:07:37 | 0:07:40 | |
And, I may say, this led to quite an international row afterwards | 0:07:40 | 0:07:44 | |
in which neither of the principles took much part. | 0:07:44 | 0:07:46 | |
In fact, I'd like to show you too just what the situation was | 0:07:46 | 0:07:51 | |
and here we've got a diagram of the paths of Uranus and Neptune | 0:07:51 | 0:07:56 | |
as they were round about that time. | 0:07:56 | 0:07:58 | |
Uranus the inner, Neptune the outer. | 0:07:58 | 0:08:00 | |
Before 1822, Neptune was pulling Uranus along, | 0:08:00 | 0:08:05 | |
and then, after 1822, as now on the diagram, | 0:08:05 | 0:08:08 | |
Neptune was pulling Uranus back. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:10 | |
And it was by that kind of calculation | 0:08:10 | 0:08:13 | |
that Neptune was eventually tracked down. | 0:08:13 | 0:08:15 | |
Well, in addition to that, | 0:08:16 | 0:08:18 | |
Neptune has got two satellites and they are both rather interesting. | 0:08:18 | 0:08:21 | |
They're very different in type. | 0:08:21 | 0:08:23 | |
The smaller one is called Nereid. | 0:08:23 | 0:08:25 | |
And that goes round Neptune in a rather peculiar kind of path, | 0:08:25 | 0:08:28 | |
more like that of a comet than a planet, | 0:08:28 | 0:08:31 | |
as you can see there. | 0:08:31 | 0:08:32 | |
It's very strange indeed. | 0:08:32 | 0:08:33 | |
It's so small you can't see it except with a very powerful telescope. | 0:08:33 | 0:08:37 | |
Now, the inner satellite is called Triton, very much bigger, | 0:08:37 | 0:08:40 | |
bigger than our moon, I may say, | 0:08:40 | 0:08:42 | |
and was discovered not long after Neptune itself. | 0:08:42 | 0:08:45 | |
And that goes round Neptune in practically a circular orbit, | 0:08:45 | 0:08:48 | |
but the wrong way. | 0:08:48 | 0:08:50 | |
And just why that happens is something else we don't know. | 0:08:50 | 0:08:53 | |
Now, let me show you where to find Neptune. | 0:08:53 | 0:08:56 | |
We can go back to the same chart we used earlier, | 0:08:56 | 0:08:59 | |
because at the moment, | 0:08:59 | 0:09:00 | |
Neptune and Uranus are not all that far apart. | 0:09:00 | 0:09:02 | |
There again, we have the Great Bear, Virgo and Uranus. | 0:09:02 | 0:09:05 | |
And here is Neptune, | 0:09:05 | 0:09:07 | |
on the borders of the Scorpion and the Serpent Bearer, | 0:09:07 | 0:09:10 | |
and not very far away from the bright red star Antares. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:13 | |
And then, if you've got the right kind of charts, | 0:09:13 | 0:09:16 | |
you can identify Neptune with binoculars | 0:09:16 | 0:09:18 | |
and a fairly powerful telescope will show you that is not a star, | 0:09:18 | 0:09:21 | |
but as I've said, | 0:09:21 | 0:09:22 | |
I'm afraid no telescope is going to show you very much on it. | 0:09:22 | 0:09:25 | |
It's slightly larger than Uranus, slightly denser, | 0:09:25 | 0:09:28 | |
slightly more massive, and a great deal farther away from the sun | 0:09:28 | 0:09:32 | |
and so, obviously, it is colder. | 0:09:32 | 0:09:34 | |
Neptune was tracked down in 1846. | 0:09:34 | 0:09:37 | |
And once again, the Solar System appeared to be complete. | 0:09:37 | 0:09:41 | |
But still, there was something just a bit unexplained | 0:09:41 | 0:09:44 | |
about the movements of Uranus and Neptune itself. | 0:09:44 | 0:09:47 | |
And this problem was tackled by a very famous American astronomer, | 0:09:47 | 0:09:51 | |
whose name was Lowell, Percival Lowell, and there he is. | 0:09:51 | 0:09:55 | |
And he, in fact, is best remembered today | 0:09:55 | 0:09:57 | |
for his theories about the canals of Mars, | 0:09:57 | 0:09:59 | |
which turned out to be wrong. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:01 | |
But he was also a very brilliant mathematician | 0:10:01 | 0:10:03 | |
and he made the same kind of calculation | 0:10:03 | 0:10:06 | |
as Adams and Le Verrier had done so long before. | 0:10:06 | 0:10:08 | |
Only this time, of course, it was more difficult. | 0:10:08 | 0:10:10 | |
And he worked out a position for a still yet undiscovered planet. | 0:10:10 | 0:10:14 | |
And since he had a powerful observatory, | 0:10:14 | 0:10:17 | |
he started looking for it. | 0:10:17 | 0:10:19 | |
The observatory was at Flagstaff, in Arizona. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:21 | |
And there's the dome, | 0:10:21 | 0:10:22 | |
a photograph I took when I was over here some time ago. | 0:10:22 | 0:10:25 | |
And inside that dome, it's a very powerful reflecting telescope, | 0:10:25 | 0:10:28 | |
which Lowell used for his observations and which I know well. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:32 | |
I've used it quite often, so I know how good it is. | 0:10:32 | 0:10:34 | |
And yet, although Lowell searched energetically, | 0:10:34 | 0:10:38 | |
the planet just refused to come to light. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:40 | |
And by the time he died in 1916, still hadn't. | 0:10:40 | 0:10:43 | |
And for long time after that, nothing more was done. | 0:10:43 | 0:10:46 | |
But then, in 1930, long after Lowell's death, | 0:10:46 | 0:10:49 | |
a young astronomer named Clyde Tombaugh had another look photographically | 0:10:49 | 0:10:53 | |
and he took the photographs on which the new planet, Pluto, was identified. | 0:10:53 | 0:10:58 | |
And here are the actual discovery photographs. | 0:10:58 | 0:11:01 | |
Pluto indicated there by the arrows. | 0:11:01 | 0:11:03 | |
And you can see how much it shifted | 0:11:03 | 0:11:05 | |
over the period between the times when those photographs were taken. | 0:11:05 | 0:11:09 | |
Now, when you're talking about a great astronomical discovery, | 0:11:09 | 0:11:12 | |
it's very nice to be able to speak to the man who actually did it. | 0:11:12 | 0:11:15 | |
Clyde Tombaugh, whom I know well, was over in England not so long ago | 0:11:15 | 0:11:19 | |
and while he was here, I asked him, how certain he was about Pluto. | 0:11:19 | 0:11:23 | |
Well, I was not too familiar with it. | 0:11:23 | 0:11:25 | |
I was aware of it, of course, | 0:11:25 | 0:11:27 | |
but in view of the earlier previous searchers, | 0:11:27 | 0:11:31 | |
I was not sure that it was in that neighbourhood. | 0:11:31 | 0:11:33 | |
And when I embarked upon it, | 0:11:33 | 0:11:36 | |
I thought I'd go all the way around the sky | 0:11:36 | 0:11:39 | |
searching very systematically | 0:11:39 | 0:11:41 | |
and to see what would come out, | 0:11:41 | 0:11:44 | |
whether there was a predicted planet or even some others. | 0:11:44 | 0:11:47 | |
And so, that was the basis for making the search. | 0:11:47 | 0:11:50 | |
Was it fainter than you expected? | 0:11:50 | 0:11:52 | |
Yes, it was, as far as Lowell's predictions were concerned. | 0:11:52 | 0:11:55 | |
He had a mandate of 12 and expected a planet comparable to Neptune. | 0:11:55 | 0:11:59 | |
Not quite as large, I think he had a mass sine of seven Earth masses. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:03 | |
And of course, now we know Pluto is much smaller than that. | 0:12:03 | 0:12:06 | |
Everything seemed fine, but was it? | 0:12:06 | 0:12:09 | |
Pluto turned out to be very much smaller than expected, | 0:12:09 | 0:12:12 | |
even smaller than the Earth. | 0:12:12 | 0:12:14 | |
And a planet of that size | 0:12:14 | 0:12:15 | |
just could not drag either Uranus or Neptune out of position | 0:12:15 | 0:12:19 | |
by a measurable amount. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:20 | |
And yet, it was by those very perturbations | 0:12:20 | 0:12:22 | |
that Pluto had been tracked down. | 0:12:22 | 0:12:24 | |
So there's something very strange about the entire thing. | 0:12:24 | 0:12:27 | |
Either Pluto is larger or more massive than seems likely | 0:12:27 | 0:12:30 | |
or else the discovery was sheer luck | 0:12:30 | 0:12:32 | |
or else there's another planet out there somewhere. | 0:12:32 | 0:12:35 | |
I simply don't know. | 0:12:35 | 0:12:36 | |
And Pluto has a very strange path. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:38 | |
It's much more eccentric than those of the other planets. | 0:12:38 | 0:12:41 | |
It actually crosses Neptune's, as you can see here. | 0:12:41 | 0:12:44 | |
So it can come closer in than Neptune ever does. | 0:12:44 | 0:12:47 | |
But because Pluto's orbit is tilted, | 0:12:47 | 0:12:48 | |
there's no fear of a collision on the line. | 0:12:48 | 0:12:51 | |
And don't forget too that Pluto takes 248 years | 0:12:51 | 0:12:53 | |
to go once round the Sun. | 0:12:53 | 0:12:55 | |
I can show you where Pluto is. | 0:12:56 | 0:12:58 | |
We can go back to our original diagram showing Uranus and Neptune | 0:12:58 | 0:13:02 | |
and here is Pluto, again not far from Virgo. | 0:13:02 | 0:13:05 | |
But you're going to need a powerful telescope to identify it. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:08 | |
If you would like to see a 1975 chart of its movements, here is one, | 0:13:08 | 0:13:13 | |
sent in to us by Mr Walter Pennell, of Lincoln. | 0:13:13 | 0:13:15 | |
And that shows the movements of Pluto during the present year. | 0:13:15 | 0:13:18 | |
And Mr Pennell also sent us two photographs of Pluto | 0:13:18 | 0:13:21 | |
taken some time ago and there's the planet on the end of the arrow | 0:13:21 | 0:13:24 | |
and once again, you can see the motion. | 0:13:24 | 0:13:27 | |
But as I say, you're going to need a pretty good chart | 0:13:27 | 0:13:29 | |
and a pretty good telescope to identify Pluto. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:32 | |
And whether it really is the outermost planet, | 0:13:32 | 0:13:34 | |
well, that remains to be seen. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:36 | |
We've got, I think, to wait for the era of space probes. | 0:13:36 | 0:13:39 | |
But I think you'll agree that unspectacular though they may be, | 0:13:39 | 0:13:42 | |
these remote members of the Sun's family are certainly not without their interest. | 0:13:42 | 0:13:47 | |
I must, I think, end this Sky At Night on a personal note. | 0:13:48 | 0:13:52 | |
We did our first programme in April 1957 | 0:13:52 | 0:13:55 | |
and we showed then the spiked comet, Arend-Roland. | 0:13:55 | 0:13:58 | |
And I wonder how many people remember that now. | 0:13:58 | 0:14:01 | |
Since then, we've been on the air once every four weeks | 0:14:01 | 0:14:04 | |
and we haven't actually missed a month since April 1957. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:08 | |
And so, this month we come of age, we've been going out for 18 years. | 0:14:08 | 0:14:12 | |
And I would like to thank very sincerely all those of you | 0:14:12 | 0:14:15 | |
who have been watching our Sky At Night programmes for this time. | 0:14:15 | 0:14:18 | |
And I only hope we get the chance to carry on for another 18 years. | 0:14:18 | 0:14:22 | |
And so, with this anniversary programme, | 0:14:22 | 0:14:24 | |
I'll say goodbye now and see you next month. | 0:14:24 | 0:14:27 | |
Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd | 0:14:51 | 0:14:54 |