Browse content similar to 10/01/2012. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Hello, and welcome to Midlands Today. The government says yes to | :00:09. | :00:14. | |
the NHS to line up, to the delight of many business leaders. I am live | :00:14. | :00:19. | |
in Water Orton in Warwickshire, where villagers say HS2 will wreck | :00:19. | :00:22. | |
lives, and the economic argument is badly flawed. | :00:22. | :00:26. | |
The government said the country needed HS2 for long-term economic | :00:26. | :00:30. | |
growth. It will cement what was envisaged | :00:30. | :00:34. | |
at 10 years ago when Eastside was created. Because of the recession, | :00:34. | :00:39. | |
it stalled, as the announcement will really make it happen. | :00:39. | :00:44. | |
But the No campaign say they will fight it. They say the country | :00:44. | :00:49. | |
cannot afford it. It means that my home of 27 years | :00:49. | :00:54. | |
is going to be demolished. For what? | :00:54. | :00:58. | |
I am in a helicopter flying above the Midlands and looking at the | :00:58. | :01:04. | |
impact of the new, revised route. How this region is one of the worst | :01:04. | :01:09. | |
in the land for child poverty. We have to ration what we eat, | :01:09. | :01:14. | |
because I have to wait until I get my next set of money. | :01:14. | :01:18. | |
Plus he has had thousands of winners in a glorious career, and | :01:18. | :01:22. | |
he is still going strong. The oldest racehorse trainer in the | :01:22. | :01:32. | |
:01:32. | :01:35. | ||
Good evening, and welcome to a special edition of Midlands Today, | :01:35. | :01:39. | |
on the day the government said yesterday controversial �17 billion | :01:39. | :01:43. | |
high-speed rail link between Birmingham and London. I am in | :01:43. | :01:46. | |
Water Orton in Warwickshire, wearing number of homes will be | :01:46. | :01:50. | |
demolished to make way for the rail line. Let's tell you a bit more | :01:50. | :01:56. | |
about this village. If it is home to 3500 people. It has shops, a | :01:56. | :02:03. | |
primary school and two pubs. Life will change dramatically. Anti HS2 | :02:03. | :02:07. | |
campaigners say the line will damage some of the country's most | :02:07. | :02:12. | |
beautiful countryside. But the government says it is vital. | :02:12. | :02:20. | |
It will deliver a �6.2 million more of benefit to the country. -- �6.2 | :02:20. | :02:26. | |
billion. So by slashing journey times as well as providing the | :02:26. | :02:30. | |
changing capacity that we need, it will give a return on the | :02:30. | :02:35. | |
additional investment of more than it four to one. Of a modern, | :02:35. | :02:40. | |
reliable service between hour major cities befitting the 21st century | :02:40. | :02:44. | |
will transform the way we travel and promote Britain's economic and | :02:44. | :02:48. | |
social prosperity. The issue of high-speed rail has | :02:48. | :02:52. | |
really hit the headlines in the past few years. But people in | :02:52. | :02:59. | |
France and Germany have been able to use them since the early 1980s. | :02:59. | :03:03. | |
But it was only in 2007 when High Speed One that began operating | :03:03. | :03:07. | |
between London and the Channel Tunnel in the UK. Three years later, | :03:07. | :03:11. | |
the then Labour government unveiled plans for High Speed Two between | :03:11. | :03:16. | |
London and Birmingham. In December that year, the new government | :03:16. | :03:20. | |
published its preferred route. A public consultation took place | :03:20. | :03:25. | |
between February and July last year. Now, the government has approved | :03:25. | :03:31. | |
the route, and are hoping construction will start in 2018. | :03:31. | :03:35. | |
And by 2026, high-speed rail travel between London and Birmingham could | :03:35. | :03:41. | |
be a reality. Many businesses in the region have | :03:41. | :03:45. | |
welcomed today's announcement approving the high-speed rail route. | :03:45. | :03:49. | |
It is claimed HS2 will create thousands of new jobs and lead to | :03:49. | :03:54. | |
greater levels of investment in the region. There is also the potential | :03:54. | :03:57. | |
for extensive regeneration in Birmingham's Eastside. It is | :03:57. | :04:02. | |
already happening at King's Cross in London, where the arrival of | :04:02. | :04:10. | |
High Speed One resulted in a huge redevelopment project. | :04:10. | :04:15. | |
Once derelict and run down, now the largest city centre development in | :04:15. | :04:19. | |
Western Europe. 4 million square feet of offices, 2000 new homes and | :04:19. | :04:25. | |
the promise of 30,000 jobs. It really is urban regeneration on a | :04:25. | :04:30. | |
massive scale here at King's Cross. Over the next decade, as the work | :04:30. | :04:34. | |
continues, it is estimated they will be spending more than �1 | :04:34. | :04:38. | |
million every day. And it is all happening just yards from St | :04:38. | :04:41. | |
Pancras International station, terminus for High Speed One, the | :04:41. | :04:46. | |
line that goes to the Channel Tunnel. For developers, being close | :04:46. | :04:49. | |
to the high-speed rail has made a big difference. | :04:49. | :04:53. | |
It is a big factor. It is not the deciding factor, but possibly | :04:53. | :04:59. | |
without it, 50% of the deals we have done would not have happened. | :04:59. | :05:05. | |
Deals may carry on having a bit slower, but not everyone wants to | :05:05. | :05:10. | |
go to London or Paris or stood guard. Some people do, and they are | :05:10. | :05:15. | |
the decision-makers. He was another run-down area, | :05:15. | :05:20. | |
Birmingham's Eastside. Part of this will become the station for HS2. | :05:20. | :05:24. | |
Regeneration has been slow, but like at King's Cross, experts are | :05:24. | :05:29. | |
now predicting rapid development. A it will make a huge difference. | :05:30. | :05:33. | |
It wasn't meant what was envisaged some 10 years ago when Eastside was | :05:33. | :05:38. | |
created. Because of the recession, it stalled, and the announcement of | :05:38. | :05:43. | |
HS2 will really make that happen. Development here could bring in | :05:43. | :05:46. | |
more than �500 million of investment and help generate in | :05:46. | :05:52. | |
excess of 15,000 jobs. Some of those could be created here. | :05:52. | :05:55. | |
This is the site of an old factory which has now been largely | :05:55. | :05:59. | |
demolished. Part of this site could be used as a train maintenance | :05:59. | :06:03. | |
depot. But in other parts of the region, | :06:03. | :06:07. | |
the effect will not be so great. In places like Telford, business | :06:07. | :06:11. | |
leaders are not so keen on a project. | :06:11. | :06:16. | |
Shropshire is the only county in the UK without a direct links to -- | :06:16. | :06:21. | |
direct link to London. So what Direct Line to Telford is critical | :06:21. | :06:27. | |
for me. -- so a direct line. As far as the government is | :06:27. | :06:32. | |
concerned, the regeneration impact of a just to appear to have been | :06:32. | :06:37. | |
seen as much more important than any environmental factors. | :06:37. | :06:41. | |
Patrick Burns has spent a day at Westminster, where there was a | :06:42. | :06:46. | |
demonstration supporting the HS2 rail link outside Parliament. | :06:46. | :06:50. | |
Another of our MPs, including the Conservative MP for Redditch, Karen | :06:50. | :06:55. | |
Lumley, and John Hemming from Birmingham Yardley, who is a Lib | :06:55. | :07:03. | |
Dem, took part. Patrick, not all of Our MPs support HS2, do they? | :07:03. | :07:07. | |
That is true. Two of Coventry's three Labour MPs have come out | :07:07. | :07:14. | |
against it. A lot of Conservatives are also opposed to it, as their | :07:14. | :07:17. | |
constituencies are along the ridge. This is a project which commands | :07:17. | :07:25. | |
the official support or all three main political parties. I am joined | :07:25. | :07:31. | |
by Gisela Stuart, the Labour MP for Birmingham Edgbaston. Dan Byles, | :07:31. | :07:35. | |
the Conservative MP for Warwickshire North is also here. We | :07:35. | :07:40. | |
have just been hearing about the regenerative potential, job | :07:40. | :07:44. | |
creation in areas that desperately need a boost in the West Midlands. | :07:44. | :07:48. | |
You are booking -- you are putting brooch or considerations ahead of | :07:48. | :07:53. | |
the greater good. I disagree with that. Coventry City | :07:53. | :07:57. | |
Council are against this. I am hearing a lot of hope about | :07:57. | :08:04. | |
regeneration and not much evidence. What do you say about -- to Dan's | :08:04. | :08:08. | |
constituents? They are deeply upset about the damage to their homes and | :08:08. | :08:14. | |
environment. It was going again it -- through my | :08:14. | :08:18. | |
backyard I would ask that it was minimised. But we have to look at | :08:18. | :08:21. | |
the Horn of the country and the infrastructure which will provide | :08:21. | :08:24. | |
jobs for the West Midlands. We always keep talking about | :08:24. | :08:29. | |
Birmingham and London. It is about connecting Birmingham then on to | :08:29. | :08:33. | |
Leeds and Manchester and Scotland. At we need to improve that national | :08:33. | :08:37. | |
infrastructure, but also hour regional network. I would give you | :08:37. | :08:43. | |
one example. In Birmingham, one third of people over 25 do not have | :08:43. | :08:50. | |
a job. We need to provide jobs. Dan, this commands a very powerful | :08:50. | :08:54. | |
parliamentary force. Are you backing a loser? | :08:54. | :08:58. | |
I agree that with all three parties favouring it, it is an uphill | :08:59. | :09:02. | |
struggle. But I still think it is the wrong thing to do. I need to | :09:02. | :09:08. | |
make that case. The Transport Select Committee did a very good | :09:08. | :09:12. | |
report highlighting a number of questions which have not been | :09:12. | :09:18. | |
answered. Will it happen? Yes or no? | :09:18. | :09:23. | |
Yes, it will. The Transport Secretary told the | :09:23. | :09:27. | |
Commons deceiving that she will be visiting Birmingham tomorrow, where | :09:27. | :09:34. | |
even the Labour MPs say she is guaranteed a warm welcome. | :09:34. | :09:38. | |
Thank you very much. Thousands of people across the | :09:38. | :09:42. | |
Midlands have campaigned against the proposed rail link. Farmers, | :09:42. | :09:46. | |
environmentalists, homeowners and some business people joined forces | :09:46. | :09:50. | |
to lobby the government against the proposals. They argue it is too | :09:50. | :09:55. | |
costly, and the environmental and economic arguments do not stand up. | :09:55. | :10:00. | |
We have spent today speaking to residents of what autumn, just one | :10:00. | :10:09. | |
of a number of areas that will be affected by the. -- Water Orton. | :10:09. | :10:12. | |
Today's announcement came with neighbours gathering together for | :10:12. | :10:17. | |
support. I am absolutely devastated. It | :10:17. | :10:23. | |
means that my home of 27 years is going to be demolished. For what? | :10:24. | :10:31. | |
Faure trainer. It is a big worry. | :10:31. | :10:37. | |
If this goes ahead, it went to just be us living close to where railway, | :10:37. | :10:41. | |
it means that we just went have a home. | :10:41. | :10:44. | |
Householders living in the path of HS2 say they have not been | :10:44. | :10:49. | |
contacted by the company behind the scheme or the government. They have | :10:49. | :10:54. | |
years of uncertainty ahead. It will run straight through these | :10:54. | :11:02. | |
houses. Literally straight through? Yes, straight through. | :11:02. | :11:06. | |
There has been a school in this village since the 18 Nineties. | :11:06. | :11:10. | |
Trees have been planted and an outside classroom created. That | :11:10. | :11:14. | |
will now run parallel to the new rail line. | :11:14. | :11:19. | |
I do not want it because it will run in the atmosphere around here. | :11:19. | :11:24. | |
It looks really nice at the moment, and it will make it look horrible. | :11:24. | :11:28. | |
I would rather go on a train that is lower than have one next to a | :11:28. | :11:32. | |
school. It will be years before a train | :11:32. | :11:37. | |
comes through this field. But in the meantime, local communities say | :11:37. | :11:41. | |
generations will be blighted by the desire to give Jenny times reduced | :11:41. | :11:50. | |
from Birmingham to London. -- journey times. | :11:50. | :11:53. | |
Let's talk about to Susan Willis, who lives here in the village, and | :11:53. | :12:02. | |
to Linda Davis, who helps to run at the Campaign Group against HS2. We | :12:02. | :12:07. | |
saw you, Susan, a very emotional today? | :12:07. | :12:12. | |
Yes, it has been a very trying day. I will lose my home which I have | :12:12. | :12:17. | |
lived in for 27 years and built from nothing to what I have now. | :12:17. | :12:22. | |
Many people say you will get compensation. While I use are | :12:22. | :12:26. | |
worried about losing your house? The conversation being offered is | :12:26. | :12:30. | |
nowhere near the market value of our house. If not only do I lose my | :12:30. | :12:37. | |
house, I will also be financially challenged as well. | :12:37. | :12:44. | |
The financial situation at the moment, houses right here are cut | :12:44. | :12:49. | |
by 25% because it HS2. The so you're worried you will not be able | :12:49. | :12:54. | |
to find a home? And the compensation? It is only | :12:54. | :13:04. | |
:13:04. | :13:04. | ||
You've been running the campaign group, isn't it all over? We hope | :13:04. | :13:10. | |
not. There are grounds for a legal challenge. It was decided months | :13:10. | :13:13. | |
ago it would go ahead, before the consultation. It would be a | :13:13. | :13:18. | |
disaster for the whole country, not just us. It would stop investment | :13:18. | :13:23. | |
in local transport infrastructure. They are to be passe you have to | :13:23. | :13:28. | |
look at the big picture -- a lot of people are saying you have to look | :13:28. | :13:38. | |
at the big picture. High Speed One hasn't worked, a lot of money will | :13:38. | :13:41. | |
go from the local infrastructure. No one will get more money for the | :13:41. | :13:47. | |
next 15 years. We have run out of time. Thank you very much. You can | :13:47. | :13:56. | |
read more about the decision on our website. I'll be back later with a | :13:56. | :14:00. | |
look at the environmental impact that HS2 would have on the local | :14:00. | :14:07. | |
region. In other news, the campaign group | :14:07. | :14:11. | |
End Child Poverty says that in Birmingham won a third of children | :14:11. | :14:18. | |
are living below the poverty line. In Sandwell and Wolverhampton have, | :14:18. | :14:24. | |
31% of children are in poverty. There are 29% of children in Stoke | :14:24. | :14:34. | |
:14:34. | :14:34. | ||
and Warsaw. We look at one mother's attempts to help her children. | :14:34. | :14:39. | |
Marsha Edwards is spending just �1 on sweets Farhad two boys. She is a | :14:39. | :14:45. | |
single mother, she lost her job last year. Her temporary property | :14:45. | :14:52. | |
is so bad it is infested with mice. They have to play games because | :14:52. | :14:59. | |
mice overran the flat. The children used to walk down the path, they | :14:59. | :15:04. | |
clapped their hands, and stamped their feet, and said that they were | :15:04. | :15:14. | |
:15:14. | :15:14. | ||
back. The mouse went from there to be covered. They would scurry back | :15:15. | :15:19. | |
off to where they were. They were homeless last year just before | :15:19. | :15:24. | |
Christmas, they moved back to their council flat in Birmingham. This is | :15:24. | :15:30. | |
the children's room. This is practically all the staff we our | :15:30. | :15:40. | |
:15:40. | :15:47. | ||
own. -- staff her. The flat was an empty shell. Some people give up | :15:47. | :15:52. | |
good homes because of their lack of money. They have no way of | :15:52. | :15:57. | |
preparing a meal, they have to get takeaways, they are cold, so they | :15:57. | :16:02. | |
will go and sit in the pub to keep warm. They have nothing to sleep on, | :16:02. | :16:07. | |
so very quickly the lovely flat feels like a prison. The children | :16:07. | :16:13. | |
are well clothed, they have computer games, but at times she | :16:13. | :16:21. | |
says she hasn't had the bus fares to send them to school. I would | :16:21. | :16:30. | |
rather feed them. He does his homework, his numbers, his colours, | :16:30. | :16:37. | |
he does everything he does at school, I still teach him. It has | :16:37. | :16:40. | |
been suggested that half a million children were slipping to the | :16:40. | :16:45. | |
poverty trap by 2013. Marsha Edwards is a trained a nursery | :16:45. | :16:50. | |
nurse, she hopes to get a new job, and a brighter future for herself | :16:50. | :16:56. | |
and her sons. Police in Manchester have confirmed | :16:56. | :16:59. | |
that they have found the body at a student from West Bromwich who had | :17:00. | :17:05. | |
been missing for more than one week. Gurdeep Hayer was last seen getting | :17:05. | :17:09. | |
out of a taxi in Manchester last Monday. He had been celebrating the | :17:09. | :17:13. | |
New Year with friends. Officers say his body was found in a weather | :17:13. | :17:21. | |
yesterday, and was formally identified yesterday. -- in a river. | :17:21. | :17:25. | |
Staffordshire Police have saved more money than expected. They had | :17:26. | :17:29. | |
�8 million to spend, after more people left the band were planned. | :17:29. | :17:36. | |
They will not be recruiting new staff, but saved the money will be | :17:36. | :17:43. | |
reinvested. Plans to build a �60 million waste | :17:43. | :17:53. | |
:17:53. | :17:54. | ||
incinerator in Shrewsbury have been Shropshire Council there really | :17:54. | :17:56. | |
turned it down, but they are planning inspector has approved the | :17:56. | :18:00. | |
scheme. The Coventry explorer, Mark Wood, | :18:00. | :18:07. | |
has reached the South Pole. He completed the first leg of a | :18:07. | :18:12. | |
challenge to trek to both Poles unsupportive. It took him the 30 | :18:12. | :18:17. | |
days to complete, in at temperatures as low as -50 degrees. | :18:17. | :18:21. | |
He will fly to Chile, and up to the Arctic Circle to complete his | :18:21. | :18:31. | |
:18:31. | :18:31. | ||
journey. I feel on top of the world, that I am on the bottom! -- but I | :18:31. | :18:38. | |
am on the bottom! It has drained everything out to me. I'm | :18:38. | :18:44. | |
completely exhausted. The last couple of miles felt like I was | :18:44. | :18:48. | |
pulling a big truck behind me. It is incredible. | :18:48. | :18:53. | |
Well done. We have talked about endurance, how | :18:53. | :18:58. | |
about this for staying power. At the age of 88, Reg Hollinshead is | :18:58. | :19:03. | |
the oldest racing trainer in the country. He has nurtured champion | :19:03. | :19:06. | |
horses and jockeys along the way. His son does the day-to-day running | :19:06. | :19:15. | |
these days, our reporter found out Reg is just about ready to hand | :19:15. | :19:19. | |
over the reins. This is the grass gallops for the | :19:19. | :19:29. | |
:19:29. | :19:31. | ||
Hollinshead racing team. We have the first group. It is a family | :19:31. | :19:41. | |
:19:41. | :19:45. | ||
effort. He wheelchair pin. -- we all pidgin. | :19:45. | :19:55. | |
:19:55. | :19:59. | ||
Back in the yard, we found his dad, Reg was born here, and his life is | :19:59. | :20:07. | |
spent the racing horses. How his life? -- how his life? Can't | :20:07. | :20:13. | |
complain. Six out of ten. Reg does not venture to the races any more, | :20:13. | :20:20. | |
but he does not miss them if one -- on television. He is proud that the | :20:20. | :20:26. | |
Hollinshead name lives on. It is nice to see it carrying on. | :20:26. | :20:30. | |
fondest memory is Remainder Man, who finished third in the Derby in | :20:30. | :20:38. | |
1978. It is not all about the past, they are sending a three horses to | :20:38. | :20:45. | |
race in the south of France. It is hoped that the team can keep the | :20:45. | :20:52. | |
Hollinshead team in the racing headlines. | :20:52. | :21:00. | |
Back to our top storey, the controversial high-speed rail link | :21:00. | :21:06. | |
that will go ahead. We are in one are the villages affected. Back to | :21:06. | :21:10. | |
them now. Thank you very much. To appreciate | :21:10. | :21:20. | |
:21:20. | :21:22. | ||
the scale are HS2, you need to see it from the air. We explore the | :21:22. | :21:25. | |
road by helicopter, Warwickshire in particular. | :21:26. | :21:31. | |
We are starting out above Water Orton, where we are broadcasting | :21:31. | :21:41. | |
:21:41. | :21:45. | ||
from, above the east of Birmingham. We are going east just part 42 -- | :21:45. | :21:55. | |
:21:55. | :21:57. | ||
past the M42. HS2 will slice past this, and then into Birmingham. | :21:57. | :22:07. | |
This village will end up sliced apart split between road and rail. | :22:07. | :22:17. | |
:22:17. | :22:17. | ||
We are now above Stoneleigh in Warwickshire, this is the location | :22:17. | :22:21. | |
of the Royal Show. It is also home to the National Farmers' Union, and | :22:21. | :22:26. | |
they say the key fact is the impact on bursars are farmland, and food | :22:26. | :22:36. | |
:22:36. | :22:40. | ||
production. -- on a versatile farm land. This is one of the key parts | :22:40. | :22:50. | |
:22:50. | :22:51. | ||
of the HS2 roots. They are spending �500 million on a new tunnel. From | :22:51. | :22:59. | |
up here, you can see the Midlands is a remarkably green and pleasant | :23:00. | :23:09. | |
land. The many, what is going to be lost is just too important. | :23:09. | :23:16. | |
Birmingham Airport says it's good news, our Transport Correspondent | :23:16. | :23:22. | |
is there for us right now. The airport has been a big supporter of | :23:23. | :23:30. | |
HS2? Yes, potentially it is a big winner. 38 minutes from central | :23:30. | :23:36. | |
London. That is quicker than central London to Stansted or | :23:36. | :23:43. | |
Gatwick. They will be more destinations from here. You have | :23:43. | :23:49. | |
been a big supporter of the high- speed rail, you must be pleased? | :23:49. | :23:53. | |
is great news for the people of the region. It is going to create jobs. | :23:53. | :23:59. | |
How will the appal benefit? It is going to spread our reach, we will | :23:59. | :24:03. | |
have most of the major cities in England within 50 minutes of this | :24:03. | :24:10. | |
airport. We see a role for the airport are taking pressure out of | :24:10. | :24:13. | |
the south-east. We were keen to do that before HS2, it is another | :24:13. | :24:23. | |
:24:23. | :24:29. | ||
string in our bio. Our calculations suggest it will be two-and-a-half | :24:29. | :24:33. | |
minutes away from the terminal, we have talked to the government about | :24:33. | :24:37. | |
relocating a terminal over there. You will enter the airport at the | :24:37. | :24:47. | |
:24:47. | :24:50. | ||
station. Could potentially Birmingham become a a large airport, | :24:50. | :24:54. | |
the fourth-biggest? We have permission to guard the 27 million | :24:54. | :24:59. | |
passengers, we are part of that solution. If it brings jobs to the | :24:59. | :25:06. | |
Midlands, we make no apology for that. Let's do it. HS2 is still a | :25:06. | :25:14. | |
long way off. There is a lot of work to do between now and then. It | :25:14. | :25:18. | |
is not going to happen overnight. is not going to happen overnight. | :25:18. | :25:23. | |
Thank you very much. Time for the weather. | :25:23. | :25:29. | |
Another day spent soaking up the unseasonally mild temperatures. The | :25:29. | :25:35. | |
comforting and yellow colours are going to drain away. It will become | :25:35. | :25:41. | |
colder by Friday onwards. You will see a return of the night frost. | :25:41. | :25:49. | |
Maybe some snow in the hills on Sunday. As far as the night goes, | :25:49. | :25:55. | |
resemblances to last night. A cloudy picture, some spots of rain | :25:55. | :26:02. | |
in the West. Slightly milder than last night, temperatures of 7-9 | :26:02. | :26:11. | |
degrees. Not cold tomorrow morning, but a dull and damp start to the | :26:12. | :26:18. | |
day. We will start to see that cloud a thinning in the afternoon. | :26:18. | :26:24. | |
Because of the good head start because of those temperatures, they | :26:24. | :26:33. | |
will be up to 11-12 degrees. Above average. Thursday and Friday, a | :26:33. | :26:40. | |
shift in the winds. That will drag temperatures down on Thursday night. | :26:40. | :26:45. | |
We are looking at a double figures, but a cloudy day. Patchy rain | :26:45. | :26:53. | |
spreading southwards. Thursday spreading southwards. Thursday | :26:53. | :26:56. | |
night, the cloud clears. Friday, a lovely sunny day. | :26:56. | :27:00. | |
A only one main story tonight, nationally and in the Midlands. The | :27:00. | :27:09. | |
government has approved the High Speed Two rail link. We have been | :27:09. | :27:14. | |
in Water Orton, one of the villagers affected. | :27:14. | :27:19. | |
An emotional day here. HS2 is controversial, whether you think it | :27:19. | :27:23. |