21/11/2011 World News Today


21/11/2011

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This is BBC World News Today with me Tim Willcox. A third day of

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clashes in Cairo, thousands of protesters demand an end to

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military rule, as Egypt's cabinet announces it's to resign.

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Here in Tahrir Square, the protests get louder and larger. They say

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they're not leaving until their demands are met.

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Preparing for the worst - Turkey's President talks to the BBC about

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Syria and Ankara's growing prominence in the region.

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In Spain, a land slide win for a new conservative government, but

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with borrowing costs still rising, is it Mission Impossible?

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Also coming up in the programme: Bereaved parents and a film star

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speak out over the British newspaper phone hacking scandal.

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Adele. And big voice, big honours, British singer, song writer Adele

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sweeps to glory at the American Hello and welcome. As we come on

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air, Egyptian state television is reporting that the cabinet has

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submitted its resignation to the ruling military Council. At least

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33 people are reported to have been killed since Saturday. That number,

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though, is open to query. Hundreds have been injured. Protesters fear

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the interrim military government, led by Field Marshal Mohamed

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Hussein Tantawi is trying to retain its grip on power ahead of

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elections planned to begin next week. Let's go live to Tahrir

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Square now - and my colleague Lyse Doucet. Another sense of real

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crisis is Cairo this evening. is in a very deep crisis, in a

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political crisis, a constitutional crisis and a security crisis. Look

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at the crowds behind me. They are getting larger by the hour. We have

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spent the day here and groups of Egyptians keep coming. We've seen

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medical students arriving, we've seen people from the furthest

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suburbs of Cairo. I've walked through the square. People are in

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groups shouting the same slogans. They want the army to step down.

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They want to begin a real transition to democracy.

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Has there been any movement at all from Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein

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Tantawi and the supreme military Council? There have been called on

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him, if I heard your question correctly, there have been acalls

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on him to step down. There are even stronger callers for him to be put

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on trial, if not even harsh treatment than that. They're using

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the same slogan that's they used for President Mubarak, they're

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using for Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi. As far as the

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military is concerned, what we heard today is a senior member of

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that supreme military council came to the square. That is a sign of

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how things have changed and said we respect your right to protest. But

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we also reserve the right to keep security, including here in the

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square. But now you have a confrontation, the same people who,

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before, at start of what they called their revolution said the

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army and people are one, are now in confrontation. Not just with the

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army, but also the police. There have been running battles with the

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police through the day. Will the elections, scheduled to strt a week

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today, go ahead? That is the big question. Anyone I ask about the

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elections they say we're not focused on the elections. But can

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you hold elections in this kind of environment? The security forces

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say they're ready to keep those elections safe. Egyptians aren't

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sure. There was already a movement growing, a small movement, to

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boycott those elections. Don't forget this is a process that

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carries across three months. Three months at a time like this, creates

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the possibility of all kinds of interruptions, set backs and of

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course, violence and confrontation. What the people here are saying is

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that we want a real process of change. We don't want one where the

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military remains in charge. Thank you very much.

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Joining me from Central London is Professor Fawaz Gerges the Director

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of the Middle East Centre at the London School of Economics. Where

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do things move now? Do you think the military has got to come up

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with something, particularly perhaps about presidential

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elections to placate the crowd? think you're correct. I think the

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military council has miscalculated monstrously in the last, since

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February. I think they have misread the public mood. The changed

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psychology in Egypt, they have played games, to postpone the

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inevitable, to prolong the process of transition for as long as

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possible. First it was six months, now the end of 2012. Some people

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talk about the end of 2013, the presidential election in Egypt. I

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think support for the military has eroded considerably among Egyptians.

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I believe it's the end of the honeymoon between the Egyptian

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people and the military as an institution. Unless the military

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come up with a very fast and swift response to public demands you

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might witness a major prolonged crisis in Egypt.

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What is striking in Tahrir Square is that the same sort of people are

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now amassing there. These aren't the agitators perhaps who have been

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there in recent months. This is a mass turnout. It really is. I think

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if we really need to contexturalise what has happened in the last few

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days. This is a revolution in the making. This is not a revolution in

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the making that it is progressing, it's taking on different forms,

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it's dynamic. More Egyptians are terrified of the military. It's the

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same slogans, same rallying cries "Tantawi must go". The military

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generals must also leave with Tantawi. People now are terrified

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that basically that Egypt military rulers are extension of the Mubarak

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regime. Let's be blunt about it here, I mean Tantawi and the

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military council have vast interests to support. The reason

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why Tantawi and the council have not agreed to a very swift time

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table, remember, the Egyptian military is not just a fighting

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machine, it's a vast economic machine as well, between 10% and

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20% basically the Egyptian economy is controlled by the Egyptian

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military. You're talking about billions of dollars to be lost, Tim.

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What we need to understand is that Tantawi and other Egyptian generals

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are terrified about the morning after. They want to make sure that

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their interests and also their careers are protected. One

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transition takes -- when transition takes place. This is not just about

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when the presidential election takes place. It's about maintaining

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and preserving the economic and political interest of the Egyptian

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military. It's a fight about authority, about turf, about

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resources. It's a very, very complicated fight and that's why, I

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believe, that the military leadership has monstrously

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miscalculated in the last few weeks. Thank you very much for joining us.

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The Turkish President, Abdullah Gul, has told the BBC that Turkey is

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preparing for the worst in neighbouring Syria and admitted

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that the turmoil of the Arab Spring had boosted Turkey's prominence in

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the region. He was speaking to Bridget Kendal on the eve of his

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state visit to Britain. Istanbul's latest tourist

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attraction, an historical panorama showing the moment the Turk irk

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Sultan conquered the city and launched the ot Monday empire. A

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resurgent Turkey is once again a power to be rockoned with,

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prominent in the Arab Spring and now trying to bring change in Syria.

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The Syrian opposition has already been given sanctuary in Turkey.

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This protest rally is outside the Syrian consulate. Increasingly

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there's talk of possible safe havens on the border, if Turkey is

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prepared fro vied security. there is intervention will have

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been in Syria, there should, they have, they should have a base to

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move. I believe they can only move through Turkey. Turkey is very

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important in this point. In London, President Gul told me Turkey didn't

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want toint veen but had a plan in case the worst -- to intervene but

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had a plan in case the worst should happen. We're all prepared for the

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worst scenario. What does that mean? I hope it doesn't happen.

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you're not ruling out the possibility of, for example, buffer

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zones, which Turkey would be involved in? We are not thinking

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that, the interrogation from outside is correct. Even if there

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was UN support and from the Arab League? Arab League speak with me

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on Wednesday. Let's see what decision they are going to take.

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Turkish leadership in the region, do you think Turkey can become the

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centre of gravity for these countries? There are some who say

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Turkey once was a great power in the region, the Otoman empire,

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maybe it's time again for Turkey to be the centre of this part of the

:09:51.:10:01.
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world. Look, history was there of course. We are very much realistic

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now, we have very much rational now. We don't have an agenda in the

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region. Turkey's influence on its neighbours isn't just political,

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though. It's wildly successful soap op raz have gripped Arab audiences.

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The latest is a rags to riches story about the harem of Suleiman

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the Magnificent. On set, it's a frantic schedule. These cultural

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exports are creating fans of Turkey across the region.

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We are able to attract millions and the more they know about our

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traditions and cultures, they see that we are so similar to each

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other. By exploring more of Turkey through the series, they feel very

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connected. And Turkey being so modern is a role model. Turkey's

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always argued it's a bridge between east and West. In Istanbul it

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straddles two continents. This is European soil, but all the time,

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boats are fer rig commuters across the water to the Asian side. Part

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of its appeal is that it offers a modern Muslim democracy with

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European values. When you look at the human rights record, there's a

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problem. A scrum at the book fair in Istanbul, supporters of a well

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known publisher, who has just been jailed, suspected of links to

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illegal curdish groups. Amazingly, Turkey has more writers an

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journalists in prison than either China or Iran. Some fear the trend

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is worsening. This woman has had her TV show cancelled and been

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publicically denounced as a traitor. She fears for her safety. The first

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real tension about me started with my criticism of politics getting

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more authoritarian rather than more democratic, two years ago. Turkey's

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military bands play in museums these days, no longer is this a

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country in the grip of military rule. The region is fragile, if

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Syria were to implode next door, there could be a new role for

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Turkey's armed forces. Let's look at some of the day's

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other news. 32 years after the fall of the Khmer Rouge the three most

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senior surviving members of the group have gone on trial. They

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include Nuon Chea, known as Brother Number Two, he was the right-hand

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man of the Maoist regime. The three accused face charges of genocide

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and crimes against humanity. The UN weather agency says

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concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere rose to another

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high in 2010. Levels of carbon dioxide rose more than more than

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the worst predictions of climate experts.

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Growing concern over Iran's nuclear programme has prompted Britain, the

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US and Canada to impose new sanctions on the country. The

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restrictions include cutting links with financial institutions. Tehran

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insists their nuclear ambitions are purely for peaceful purposes.

:13:21.:13:31.
:13:31.:13:38.

Nuon Chea will try to win a saet in db aung san Su Kyi will stand for

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office. The new Prime Minister in Spain is

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preparing to tell Spaniards about the depth of the economic SIS. His

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Popular Party won a land slide election victory over the weekend.

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Mr Rajoy is immediately under pressure from jittery markets. They

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want to know how he will tackle Spain's debts, deep economic crisis

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and dire unemployment rate. For more analysis, I'm joined by Santos

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Palacios, a Spanish financial advisor and lecturer on economic

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issues. To many this seems like Mission Impossible, is it?

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really isn't. There are a number of measures that can be taken without

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getting too -- to the place where Italy and Greece are, which is

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essentially being forced by the European Union to take those

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measures. Spain has the the third largest deficit in the eurozone.

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How can he cut that and stimulate growth at the same time? This is,

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this can be done with pro-growth awe tairt measures. Something that

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can be done is cut the fat of the state, currently we have 17

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regional governments, and provincial governments which double

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or triple tasks. Direct funding will be cut. He's promise 30

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billion euro cuts. He hasn't said quite how yet. He hasn't said quite

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how because you have to understand during the electoral campaign

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everyone was in a stage of fright. Well, you know, of course, not all

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of the measures have been able to be transmitted so far. There are

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measures that can be taken. A key question is will the markets give

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him time? Today, looking at the response, the markets want a plan

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quickly. According tots constitution I think he cannot get

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a government up and running until December 21. There are measures he

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can take. He can create a shadow government, which he has announced

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he will do in December. That shadow Cabinet can start announcing the

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intention to implement those measures. Are spanned yards signed

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up to this? They've given him ape land slide win that's because they

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didn't want the others to win. Mariano Rajoy has tried three times

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before. He's not particularly charismatic. Are they prepared to

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back him on this painful journey? He has received a strong mandate

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with his absolute majority. The difference between Spain and other

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countries in southern Europe, like Italy and gros, is that we have

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shown a level of ma -- and Greece, Is that we have shown a level of

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maturity. When we had to pass before with the previous government,

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we had to pass the reform to reduce the deficit and we had to pass the

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pension reform, actually both parties agreed unanimously to pass

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those. There's a level of understanding of what is needed in

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the country, which I think is going to help us through this. To take

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the medicine like the Irish have. A public inquiry into British media

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standards has been hearing evidence from victims of press in true Asian

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including Hugh Grant and the parents of murdered teenager et

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Milly Dowler. Milly's mother said when she realised messages on her

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firm had been deleted, she thought her daughter had been alive. In

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fact, they were being deleted by an employee of the News of the World.

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The report contains flash photography. They suffered the

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devastating pain of losing a blood daughter only to find their anguish

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was confounded by the gross intrusions of tabloid journalists.

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Bob and Sally Dowler came to the enquiry to describe how the News of

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the World had invaded their lives. They took the witness stand

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together. They recalled their daughter Emily, they told how one

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day after her disappearance they had gone in private, they thought,

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to retrace her final steps. But there was a photographer from the

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News of the World lurking nearby and a picture of them appeared in

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Sunday's edition. I remember seeing it and I was really cross because

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we did not see anyone. They had taken the picture with a telephoto

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lens. How on earth did they know we were doing that walk on that day?

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It felt like an intrusion into a really private moment. And there

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was the hacking of Milly's telephone, again by the News of the

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World. Messages were deleted from had previously fought voicemail box

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which meant Sally Dowler could get through to the voicemail and it

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gave her hope. We were sitting in reception and I rang her telephone

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and it clicked through on to her voice mail, so I heard her voice.

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It was like, she has picked up her voicemail, she is alive, and it was

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then. Tonight the former News of the World investigator denied

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deleting Milly Dowler's voicemail messages. In a statement his

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solicitor said he expressed sincere sympathy for the Berra family and

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confirms he did not delete calls and had no reason to do so. Then

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came a very public figure full of passionate complaint, the actor

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Hugh Grant. His principal targets were the Daily Mail and the Mail on

:19:17.:19:21.

Sunday. He said the Mail on Sunday had once falsely accused him of

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having an affair with a women in Los Angeles. How, he wondered, had

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they come across the story? I would love to hear what the Daily Mail or

:19:31.:19:36.

the Sunday Mail's explanation was if it was not phone hacking.

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Recently, Mr Grant has fathered at baby with a former girlfriend. They

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tried to keep the birth secret, it worked until he went to visit her

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in hospital. The day after that the phone calls started from the Daily

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Mail saying, we know about the baby, we know about you are visiting and

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we know what name she checked under and we are going to write this

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story. His concluding point is that the press is the only media

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industry in Britain regulated by itself and that had not worked for

:20:09.:20:15.

more than 20 years. The Mail on Sunday says it utterly refutes Mr

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Grant's suggestion that it had obtained the story by phone hacking.

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It says his claims are mendacious smears driven by his hatred of the

:20:24.:20:29.

media. The witness testimony will continue and it is expected to last

:20:29.:20:33.

into the new year and will include accounts by newspaper editors and

:20:33.:20:40.

executives. The global response to HIV and Aids

:20:40.:20:43.

has forced the epidemic into decline, that's the verdict of a

:20:43.:20:51.

new report by UNAIDS. The study found that last year 34 million

:20:51.:20:56.

people were living with HIV. The annual number of new infections has

:20:56.:21:03.

been reduced by 21% since the epidemic was at its peak in 1997.

:21:03.:21:08.

That means HIV infections are at their lowest level in 14 years. But

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sub-Saharan Africa remains a cause for sued concerned. South Africa

:21:13.:21:18.

alone has more than 5.5 million people living with HIV, more than

:21:18.:21:22.

any other country. One group working to cut down on the spread

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of Aids is Safe Point and I am joined by Marc Koska who has

:21:26.:21:32.

invented a single used syringe. Syringes used repeatedly in the

:21:33.:21:37.

developed world, what are some of the worst scenarios you have

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experienced? I had visited slums and clinics and hospitals and

:21:44.:21:48.

seemed 50 patients and there is only one syringe in the clinic, so

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you can draw your own conclusions. Where they cleaned in a perfunctory

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way in between or not? No, just one after the other being used to

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deliver medicine. We have undercover footage to prove this.

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Also on a grand scale you have got countries such as Ethiopia with 82

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million people and their only procure at 60 million syringes a

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year, well below what they need. The solution is to cut-off that

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route to the opportunity to re-use as the Rangers. This is the one I

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invented. It is made on existing equipment and made for the same

:22:30.:22:34.

price, used in the same way. After use if someone tries to re-use it

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it locks and breaks and you cannot use it again. Our they are not

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expensive? They are exactly the same prize and we manufacture them

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through a licensing system and we have 13 factories around the world.

:22:49.:22:53.

How much of the problem is to do with ignorance or the blind faith

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that people put into doctors and nurses who must be trained?

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enormously. It is an enormous amount. You often hear the

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expression that the doctor is second to God. Whatever the doctor

:23:08.:23:14.

prescribes or gives them, they will accept. That is something that Safe

:23:14.:23:18.

Point is trying to undo. We are doing large information campaigns

:23:18.:23:22.

to bring awareness, a warning to the public that they have to pay

:23:22.:23:27.

attention when receiving medical health care. You produce billions

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of the syringes. 3 billion today. Are they been taken up? Are you

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dealing with agencies to get them to use them? UNICEF is one of our

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biggest customers on the immunisation side, but also there

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is the other side which is the curative market, which is much more

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fragmented and it is a lot harder. There are not agencies dealing in

:23:52.:23:56.

this that would be our natural customers. We have to use our

:23:56.:24:00.

manufacturing base to use their normal distribution lies to get

:24:00.:24:05.

that out to the customers. Marc Koska, thank you very much.

:24:05.:24:10.

It is one of the biggest nights in the American music business ahead

:24:10.:24:14.

of the Grammys with a stellar line- up. One of the top winners this

:24:14.:24:19.

year was Adele who won three of perm four nominations at the

:24:19.:24:24.

American Music Awards ceremony in Los Angeles. Other big winners were

:24:24.:24:34.
:24:34.:24:40.

tailor a swift and the rapper Nicki She is the girl from north London

:24:40.:24:46.

at making a big noise around the world. Adele swept to glory at the

:24:46.:24:50.

American Music Awards with prizes including Best Female Pop artist

:24:50.:24:59.

and best album. Adele. But she was unable to accept the honours

:24:59.:25:05.

herself after recent throat surgery. Also scoring a hat-trick of awards

:25:05.:25:09.

was Taylor's wife. It was the golden girl of country music we

:25:09.:25:14.

took the most coveted award of the night, artist of the year, beating

:25:14.:25:21.

Lady Gaga. She went home empty- handed. Oh, my gosh. Thank you to

:25:21.:25:26.

the fans, please never change. I cannot believe this is happening to

:25:26.:25:31.

me. This is so crazy. The show was opened with an explosive

:25:31.:25:36.

performance from rapper Nicki Minaj, another of the night's big winners.

:25:36.:25:46.
:25:46.:25:50.

She's good two awards, best artist and best album. It was a very good

:25:50.:25:58.

night for a marine five. The audience left with a big smile on

:25:58.:26:06.

their faces. Let's take you back live to Cairo

:26:06.:26:11.

where tens of thousands of people are cramming into the main square

:26:11.:26:17.

which we had seen earlier in the year with similar numbers. Now

:26:17.:26:25.

there is real anger about the slow pace of reform and also anger at

:26:25.:26:31.

the military, formerly allies of this revolution. The Egyptian

:26:31.:26:34.

ruling military council is yet to accept the resignation tendered by

:26:34.:26:38.

the cabinet on Sunday, but many more people are gathering in

:26:38.:26:45.

central Cairo this evening, calling for radical change. That is it from

:26:45.:26:55.
:26:55.:27:01.

the programme. Coming up, the Many of us had a grey day on Monday,

:27:01.:27:06.

a lot of that mist and fog reforming overnight in south-

:27:06.:27:12.

eastern England, but there is also some rain. It is all tied in with

:27:12.:27:15.

his weather front here and behind it a ridge of high pressure

:27:15.:27:19.

building in, bringing with it some clearer skies later on in the night

:27:20.:27:24.

to Northern Ireland and western Scotland. The mist and fog in the

:27:24.:27:27.

south-east should lift in the morning, but we are stuck with a

:27:27.:27:32.

lot of cloud. Still potentially some light rain across northern

:27:32.:27:35.

England and down into the Midlands will stop in the south-east corner

:27:35.:27:41.

it is dry and a little bit misty. Temperatures in London are at 13.

:27:41.:27:45.

But there is a chance later on in the afternoon that we could see

:27:45.:27:50.

some breaks in the cloud in the south-west of England. There is the

:27:50.:27:54.

possibility of some brighter spells in the afternoon. The best sunshine

:27:54.:27:59.

tomorrow afternoon is across Northern Ireland. A lovely day, a

:27:59.:28:03.

different date in store. A lot of Scotland is still enjoying the

:28:04.:28:07.

sunshine in the afternoon, but there is thicker cloud moving into

:28:07.:28:12.

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