:00:08. > :00:19.This programme contains scenes which some viewers may find upsetting.
:00:20. > :00:24.The biggest mass migrations since... A Republican candidate determined to
:00:25. > :00:30.build a wall between the USA and Mexico. Can the mature secular
:00:31. > :00:38.democracies adapt to their institutions or will they be
:00:39. > :00:39.eclipsed by chaos, despotism? The big question is, can the West
:00:40. > :01:02.survive? Hay Castle was built by Norman
:01:03. > :01:06.knight to keep the Welsh out of newly conquered England. Today, it
:01:07. > :01:08.is part of the site of the Hay Festival, one of the most
:01:09. > :01:12.prestigious book festivals in the world and a great bondage point from
:01:13. > :01:20.which to survey modern geopolitical conflict. -- a great plant each
:01:21. > :01:24.point. In this episode, I will be examining the crisis facing the
:01:25. > :01:28.West, as seen through the pages of six new books featured at the
:01:29. > :01:32.festival. I will be looking at the past, how am I is formed, and at the
:01:33. > :01:37.future, how technology is preparing us for the New World ahead. First,
:01:38. > :01:48.the present, and it is not looking good. During his military career,
:01:49. > :01:53.General Sir Richard Sheriff became one of the highest ranking soldiers
:01:54. > :01:56.and until recently was deputy head of Nato. He is a man who speaks his
:01:57. > :02:01.mind, was famously threatened with court martial when he criticised
:02:02. > :02:05.David Cameron's defence cuts. His first book, 2017: War with Russia:
:02:06. > :02:06.An Urgent Warning from Senior Military Command, brings us and
:02:07. > :02:21.urgent warning. Russia is our strategic adversary
:02:22. > :02:25.and has said itself on a collision course for the West. It is enhancing
:02:26. > :02:31.its military capability, it has thrown away the rule book on which
:02:32. > :02:35.the post-war settlement of Europe was based. The president has started
:02:36. > :02:44.a dynamic which can only be halted at the West wakes up to the real
:02:45. > :02:49.possibility of war and takes action. Sir Richard, your book contains a
:02:50. > :02:55.fictional scenario of war with Russia. How real and how possible of
:02:56. > :03:00.the events? Very real and very possible. If we don't take the
:03:01. > :03:04.necessary measures to make it a unreal and impossible. If there is a
:03:05. > :03:10.threat to the West, what is the biggest threat? The biggest threat
:03:11. > :03:13.is the potential for nuclear war. We need to remember, and this is
:03:14. > :03:18.something that comes out of the book, that nuclear thinking is hard
:03:19. > :03:27.wired into Russian military thinking. They have nuclear bombs. A
:03:28. > :03:31.standard Russian major exercise involving Russian troops that has
:03:32. > :03:34.happened recently, could see the Baltic states and session as the
:03:35. > :03:40.scenario and the final phase is what they call rather chillingly nuclear
:03:41. > :03:45.de-escalation. In other works, they have taken what they want and if we
:03:46. > :03:49.try and come back and get it, they will nuke us. We have taken our eye
:03:50. > :03:55.off the ball and we have forgotten the lessons of the Cold War in which
:03:56. > :04:00.Nato maintained peace with effective deterrence. We have been lucky, we
:04:01. > :04:03.have had peace, but it is not necessarily the default setting in
:04:04. > :04:08.international relations. If you look at the suite of history, war is all
:04:09. > :04:13.too often the default setting. Peace is precious, it needs to be worked
:04:14. > :04:18.and paid for. Yes, defence is expensive, but you should try the
:04:19. > :04:22.costs of war. Much worse. This is an incredibly serious scenario. Why did
:04:23. > :04:27.you do your book as fiction? It is fact braced prediction and out of
:04:28. > :04:32.other story because I hope people will read it and will find it an
:04:33. > :04:38.interesting read. Above all, I have contributed in recent months to two
:04:39. > :04:45.think tank report highlighting the dangers of the ball states. Not many
:04:46. > :04:49.people read think tank reports, unless they are in the business. I
:04:50. > :04:54.want people who know nothing about defence to read this and think, this
:04:55. > :04:57.is serious, we need to do something. Too many ordinary people in Britain,
:04:58. > :05:02.it would be unthinkable that we would ever go once again into even
:05:03. > :05:07.an intense rivalry with Russia, let alone a shooting war. Do David have
:05:08. > :05:13.to make that mindset change? They do, and this is my point. It is
:05:14. > :05:20.something we send our professional soldiers and sailors and marines and
:05:21. > :05:22.airmen along way away to Iraq, Afghanistan, but they are
:05:23. > :05:27.professional soldiers, that is what they do. The notion of a national
:05:28. > :05:30.war of survival is inconceivable. But people need to understand that
:05:31. > :05:36.the defence of Britain doesn't start at the Straits of Dover or the white
:05:37. > :05:45.cliffs or on the Murray Firth but it actually starts in the forests of
:05:46. > :05:51.the Lithuanian of a Latvian border. If war with Russia is just a fiction
:05:52. > :06:04.for now, the war in Syria is a harsh reality.
:06:05. > :06:13.The thing about being in war zones is the unexpected always happens.
:06:14. > :06:17.Janine di Giovanni lived alongside the Syrian people documenting life
:06:18. > :06:23.in the middle of a jihadist war. One of the most brutal struggles in
:06:24. > :06:29.recent history. The very experienced reporters don't want to do it. Her
:06:30. > :06:32.book, The Morning They Came For Us, is an uncompromising account of the
:06:33. > :06:39.nation on the brink of disintegration. Ordinarily people,
:06:40. > :06:42.war starts with a jolt. One day, you are busy with dentist appointments
:06:43. > :06:49.or ballet lessons, and then the curtain draws. One moment, the daily
:06:50. > :06:54.routine grinds on, ATMs work and mobile phones function. Then,
:06:55. > :06:57.suddenly, everything stops. Barricades go up, soldiers are
:06:58. > :07:02.recruited and neighbours work to form their own defences. Ministers
:07:03. > :07:07.are assassinated and the country falls into chaos. Fathers disappear.
:07:08. > :07:16.The banks close and money and culture and life as people knew it
:07:17. > :07:19.vanishes. Janine di Giovanni, your book describes the horror of the
:07:20. > :07:22.Syrian war. Do you think ordinary people in the West even know or
:07:23. > :07:28.understand the depths of what has been happening there? Probably not.
:07:29. > :07:32.It is an incredibly compact is war. It is a proxy war, there are many
:07:33. > :07:37.components, many stakeholders involved in it. But I think on a
:07:38. > :07:43.very small micro level, what actually is happening to the people
:07:44. > :07:49.I think it's very underreported. The starvation being used as a tool of
:07:50. > :07:54.war, torture, rape, enforced detention, people are simply
:07:55. > :07:59.vanishing. What would go West do if we did understand how bad it is for
:08:00. > :08:03.ordinarily Syrian people? I think if we could put ourselves in the place
:08:04. > :08:08.of ordinarily Syrian people, we would have acted. I think we have to
:08:09. > :08:12.step up the humanitarian aid. There are many seized areas where people
:08:13. > :08:18.are starving to death. I think if we have the means to attack Isis, we
:08:19. > :08:25.have the means to drop food onto starving people with airdrops.
:08:26. > :08:29.Protecting humanitarian quarters. As a journalist who covered Iraq, I
:08:30. > :08:33.never thought I would hear myself saying that intervention is
:08:34. > :08:36.necessary but in the case of Serbia which is destabilising the whole
:08:37. > :08:41.region and written is to be a long-term conflict, I think
:08:42. > :08:49.long-term intervention should be an option.
:08:50. > :08:55.# In the case of Syria. What should we be doing? It shouldn't be a
:08:56. > :08:59.surprise to anyone that 4 million people are fleeing war, fleeing
:09:00. > :09:04.political turmoil, they are trying to save their lives. What can we do?
:09:05. > :09:09.In my view, we have to have more compassion. I am the child of an
:09:10. > :09:14.immigrant. My father came from Italy and went to America and I think most
:09:15. > :09:19.people have roots that stretch back. World War II was not so long ago and
:09:20. > :09:23.in many ways, the crisis, the humanitarian crisis that is
:09:24. > :09:28.unleashing an Europe right now is a result of our nonchalance, our
:09:29. > :09:34.policy of looking away a look -- getting the war in Syria fester. Do
:09:35. > :09:40.you think journalism can have any effect? You have done the
:09:41. > :09:44.journalism, in your book, there are unflinching descriptions of violence
:09:45. > :09:49.and sexual violence and yet nothing changes. I do think journalism has
:09:50. > :09:55.an impact. I think my colleagues and I in Bosnia refused to let the story
:09:56. > :10:02.guy and we try to avert what would become the genocide at chevron eats,
:10:03. > :10:05.we didn't do that but we did continue to report on war crimes and
:10:06. > :10:09.we try to make the case that we should never let this happen on our
:10:10. > :10:13.watch. We know that in 1994 in grander, there was a genocide. There
:10:14. > :10:18.have been subsequent horrific humanitarian catastrophes.
:10:19. > :10:24.Absolutely, journalism has a real place, not just as one of the
:10:25. > :10:29.pillars of democracy, with free speech and if we bring to light the
:10:30. > :10:34.horrors that are happening inside Syria, people can galvanise. The
:10:35. > :10:38.pressure that that public can put on their government is crucial. It is
:10:39. > :10:47.really our job to continue to do that.
:10:48. > :10:53.Can the West survive the threat of a nuclear apocalypse other rarities of
:10:54. > :10:58.the humanitarian tragedy that is unfolding all around us? If the
:10:59. > :11:04.present is uncertain, what can we learn from the past? Is that history
:11:05. > :11:14.shows, the seeds of the catastrophe are often sown from within. The
:11:15. > :11:20.Romanovs were the most successful dynasty of modern times, ruling six
:11:21. > :11:23.of the world's surface. Simon Sebag Montefiore's book is an intimate
:11:24. > :11:36.story of 20 czars and czarina is, some touched by genius, some touched
:11:37. > :11:41.by madness. The Romanovs inhabit a world of family rivalry, imperial
:11:42. > :11:49.ambition, Lou Reed glamour, sexual excess and depravity. Lesbian men
:11:50. > :11:55.trois, and an Emperor who wrote the most erotic correspondence ever
:11:56. > :12:00.written by a head of state. Yet, this is also an empire, a
:12:01. > :12:10.civilisation of towering culture and exquisite beauty. Simon Sebag
:12:11. > :12:16.Montefiore, it is almost like the question, what did the Romanovs do
:12:17. > :12:23.for us? What did they do for Russia? They've a lot. They were immensely
:12:24. > :12:27.successful. Actually, they made Russia the biggest empire in modern
:12:28. > :12:33.times. The most successful empire builders since Genghis Kahn. They
:12:34. > :12:38.also made colossal mistakes. One of them was to try and promote a narrow
:12:39. > :12:45.nationalistic state which alienate it all the ethnic peoples, the
:12:46. > :12:50.polls, the Jews, the Finns, the Tartars, in their empire. Another
:12:51. > :12:55.one was to stick to a very narrow ideology, it was just as daft and at
:12:56. > :13:02.the third as Marxism and Leninism became. What are the parallels with
:13:03. > :13:04.what Putin is trying to do? Blood amid Putin has this greater Russia
:13:05. > :13:13.as a stated objective. The parallels are direct. The
:13:14. > :13:18.dilemma of Russian power is to try to justify autocracy by providing
:13:19. > :13:26.security at home, prosperity at home, and also spectacular imperial
:13:27. > :13:32.prestige abroad. But that costs money. And ultimately, if you are
:13:33. > :13:37.pursuing this kind of fantastic adventure abroad but you cannot
:13:38. > :13:41.afford it at home, you will fall. And that is basically what happened
:13:42. > :13:44.to the Romanovs. And Vladimir Putin is in danger of that happening to
:13:45. > :13:50.him since he is now pursuing this incredibly expensive rearmament,
:13:51. > :13:54.adventures in Syria and Ukraine and so on, which are incredibly
:13:55. > :13:59.spectacular, great on television, crowd pleasing, but if he does not
:14:00. > :14:02.reform his economy he will fight you cannot afford it, just as the
:14:03. > :14:08.Soviets could not afford it, just as the Imperial Romanovs could not
:14:09. > :14:14.afford it. And what the Romanovs were doing is to make Russia great
:14:15. > :14:20.again, and that is a slogan that is now familiar as Donald Trump's
:14:21. > :14:25.slogan. Ironically, although we think about our democracies as
:14:26. > :14:27.superior to those of Russia, in some ways we are pursuing similar
:14:28. > :14:32.aspirations to them, and similarly dangerous ones. Do you think we in
:14:33. > :14:37.the West have to learn how to make some kind of accommodation to
:14:38. > :14:39.Russia? It has revived as an economic power, whatever you think
:14:40. > :14:45.of the current leadership. Have we got it wrong? We have certainly had
:14:46. > :14:48.to learn the hard way that in the Middle East, for example, we cannot
:14:49. > :14:55.do anything without Russia. Russia is there. It is dominating now,
:14:56. > :14:59.Syria. In Palmeiro, for example, in the temple there, the Russians have
:15:00. > :15:01.set up, and it shows that there are concept of the spectacular
:15:02. > :15:09.showmanship and projection of imperial power is way beyond what we
:15:10. > :15:14.understand, and so Syrian peace is now impossible without Russia. It
:15:15. > :15:17.has already happened. We now have to acknowledge that Russia is once
:15:18. > :15:28.again a great hour. How long for is another question. But they are back.
:15:29. > :15:32.The year before the Romanov dynasty finally came to an end, seven men
:15:33. > :15:40.change the course of history much closer to home. On Easter Sunday
:15:41. > :15:45.1916, the seven signed their names to the proclamation of the Irish
:15:46. > :15:49.Republic. This challenge to imperial rule triggered a six-day battle with
:15:50. > :15:57.British troops in the centre of Dublin which left almost 500 dead.
:15:58. > :15:59.Ruth Dudley Edwards new book, the Seven, asked whether Ireland's
:16:00. > :16:03.founding fathers had a coherent vision or whether they were just a
:16:04. > :16:10.collection of fanatics, misfits and failures. The Troubles could make. I
:16:11. > :16:17.am, not least and mighty 93, as a journalist. I was fascinated with
:16:18. > :16:22.the preoccupation with the seamers lineage of heroes and martyrs who
:16:23. > :16:26.have been used to inspire generation after generation to kill and die for
:16:27. > :16:35.Ireland without any regard to the wishes of the people. Ruth Dudley
:16:36. > :16:40.Edwards, what was unique about the men who made the Easter rising
:16:41. > :16:47.happened? They had a supremely gifted, can best among them, partly
:16:48. > :16:53.airport, also headmaster, he was worth his weight in gold as a
:16:54. > :16:58.propagandist. And deconstructed in narrative of repeated attempts of
:16:59. > :17:02.the Irish people to get rid of the British York. He proclamation of the
:17:03. > :17:07.Irish Republic that they produced in 1916 day that narrative. It was very
:17:08. > :17:11.cleverly done. There was no support for the Revolutionary started. Their
:17:12. > :17:14.plans were preposterous. Some of them wanted to die, some of them
:17:15. > :17:18.hoped to win. We all had these different needs and visions of it.
:17:19. > :17:25.But my big contention about this is that because of the violence of 1916
:17:26. > :17:28.every other person who came along and decided he was right in the
:17:29. > :17:32.Irish people wrong now believe he would get retrospective
:17:33. > :17:35.justification. So you have what was called the War of Independence, and
:17:36. > :17:38.you have a Civil War, and ever since then we have had the provisional IRA
:17:39. > :17:42.say no they were right and everybody else was wrong, and they are trying
:17:43. > :17:47.to legitimise what they did in 30 years destroying Northern Ireland in
:17:48. > :17:54.the same way that 1916 happened. It has been a frightful precedent for
:17:55. > :17:59.violence. And for you, the seven men who signed the proclamation, have a
:18:00. > :18:04.huge responsibility in other words for what you see as the negative
:18:05. > :18:08.legacy? I think they have enormous responsibility. I don't think they
:18:09. > :18:18.had a clear view of what they were doing, except in some cases just to
:18:19. > :18:22.get at the Brits. To get clear of an emotional turmoil or to be a great
:18:23. > :18:26.marker, a great Catholic martyr. To be the Christ of Irish nationalists.
:18:27. > :18:33.He can be consulted Christ, dying for his people. They had all sorts
:18:34. > :18:36.of mixed ideas. But in the end they were doing what they wanted to do,
:18:37. > :18:41.more for themselves and for anyone else. It was narcissism. Do you
:18:42. > :18:46.think we in the West can learn anything from that period for the
:18:47. > :18:54.way we confront and deal with this huge challenge from jihadist
:18:55. > :18:57.terrorism? I am loved to draw the parallels myself, but do you think
:18:58. > :19:04.there are any parallels in the way that... What can we learn from this
:19:05. > :19:08.challenge? Certainly there are. For a long time anybody who died for
:19:09. > :19:15.Ireland was de facto a good person. A self-sacrificing person. The
:19:16. > :19:23.Reggie had these! And that has been -- you were in jihad. They got what
:19:24. > :19:30.they wanted, in your eyes. And with the hunger strikers now in Sinn Fein
:19:31. > :19:37.land being compared with 1916, they starve themselves to death. They
:19:38. > :19:38.committed suicide for Ireland. And were elected to the British
:19:39. > :19:47.Parliament in the process. Absolutely. I'm in favour of brutal
:19:48. > :19:51.truths. And I'm very proud that Ireland has got to the stage where
:19:52. > :19:54.in public arenas you can argue this out, and on the whole people don't
:19:55. > :19:58.anymore call you a traitor for suggesting that these people were
:19:59. > :20:07.complicated but not necessarily right. Whatever we learn from the
:20:08. > :20:13.past has to feed into a more positive plan for the future. There
:20:14. > :20:17.is a growing global population, and the very fabric of the planet is
:20:18. > :20:21.under threat. The ecosystem is changing irrevocably. The reminder
:20:22. > :20:31.question can the West survive, can the world survives? We live in
:20:32. > :20:33.Epoque making times, literally. The changes that humans have made in
:20:34. > :20:38.recent decades have been on such a scale that they have altered the
:20:39. > :20:47.world beyond anything it has experienced in its 4.5 billion year
:20:48. > :20:52.history. It is a thrilling but uncertain time to be alive. Welcome
:20:53. > :21:01.to the anthropocene, the age of humans. Gaia Vince is a journalist
:21:02. > :21:05.specialising in environmental and social issues. To write her book,
:21:06. > :21:09.Adventures in the Anthropocene: A Journey to the Heart of the Planet
:21:10. > :21:13.We Made, she visited 40 countries to document our climate and ecological
:21:14. > :21:21.changes caused by humans affect the indigenous communities of the
:21:22. > :21:30.planet. This is all that's left of the world's highest ski resort. Gaia
:21:31. > :21:35.Vince, explain to me what the anthropocene actually means. The
:21:36. > :21:40.anthropocene really means the age of humans. And it is a geological idea,
:21:41. > :21:44.the idea that humans are fundamentally changing our planet,
:21:45. > :21:49.changing the course of rivers, the temperature of the atmosphere, the
:21:50. > :21:52.chemistry of the oceans, etc, and we have experienced geological changes
:21:53. > :21:56.like this before. You may know of the Jurassic, the time of the
:21:57. > :21:59.dinosaurs. But normally they are caused by something massive,
:22:00. > :22:04.something extraterrestrials like an asteroid impact of organic eruption.
:22:05. > :22:07.And now scientists are saying it is us, we're changing the planet at
:22:08. > :22:12.such a fast rate that we are actually putting lives in danger. We
:22:13. > :22:16.are facing certain crises, of food and water. As I read your book I
:22:17. > :22:22.thought it is amazing how much the human species is able to actually
:22:23. > :22:26.adapt to change, but do you think ultimately the planet can adapt to
:22:27. > :22:31.this species that has kind of expanded beyond control and changed
:22:32. > :22:36.it so much already? There is no threat to the planet. The planet has
:22:37. > :22:40.been over 4.5 billion years and will continue we go extinct or do not.
:22:41. > :22:44.We're quite a recent species. I'm very interested in humans, in us and
:22:45. > :22:48.I come at all these environmental issues I think slightly differently
:22:49. > :22:53.from a lot of people in that I'm interested in, how does it affect
:22:54. > :22:58.us? I love tigers. If Tigers go extinct, is that the problem for us?
:22:59. > :23:01.Does it matter? They are great and charismatic species, but we're not
:23:02. > :23:06.going to starve to death. Doesn't matter if we extinct? Because some
:23:07. > :23:12.deep Green would rather we went extinct plants survive. I am not one
:23:13. > :23:15.of them, I am on the side of humans! I would be very sad if humans go
:23:16. > :23:19.extinct. As I have travelled around the world, I have been humbled, I
:23:20. > :23:27.think, by how people who have so little can be so generous. And I see
:23:28. > :23:31.this side to humanity, I think we are a very cooperative, a very
:23:32. > :23:34.empathetic species. Something is definitely going to change. A social
:23:35. > :23:38.structure that we have globally at the moment, where there are a
:23:39. > :23:43.handful of nations that are much wealthier and have a much heavier
:23:44. > :23:47.resource use and other nations, I think that is going to have to
:23:48. > :23:51.change if we are going to see, all of us, a global population, humanity
:23:52. > :23:55.itself surviving and living comfortable it in the decades to
:23:56. > :23:58.come. In Europe there is an imaginary scene at the turn of the
:23:59. > :24:06.next century where everything is kind of OK, we have adapted. -- in
:24:07. > :24:12.your book. There are walkways and bicycle lanes, there is no traffic!
:24:13. > :24:18.Can our political system really make that kind of change? I think we are
:24:19. > :24:21.going to witness enormous changes. That was quite a fun chapter to
:24:22. > :24:24.write because it is completely imaginary, I had to think of what
:24:25. > :24:29.possible scenarios we might undertake in the coming decades. But
:24:30. > :24:34.I am an optimist. I think we are going to do... I think we're going
:24:35. > :24:40.to do well, I think we're going to survive this and adapt. Part of that
:24:41. > :24:45.future will be governed by artificial intelligence, which is no
:24:46. > :24:52.longer just science fiction, but a central part of our culture. It is
:24:53. > :24:54.written into search engines, robotics, video games, and touches
:24:55. > :25:02.most every aspect of contemporary technology. Professor Margaret
:25:03. > :25:08.Boden's new book, AI, Its Nature and Future, discusses whether artificial
:25:09. > :25:15.intelligence could ever truly be intelligent, creative or even
:25:16. > :25:20.conscious. The apocalyptic visions of AI's future are usury, but partly
:25:21. > :25:23.because of them, the AI community and policymakers and the general
:25:24. > :25:30.public as well I waking up to some very real dangers. And it is not
:25:31. > :25:35.before time. Professor Margaret Boden, what do you think the impact
:25:36. > :25:42.of artificial intelligence will be by the mid-century honour Society
:25:43. > :25:46.and on our way of life? I think a lot of things will be running much
:25:47. > :25:54.more efficiently. Child support, health care, even in medicine.
:25:55. > :25:57.Really every profession. There is a pretty broad concern now that
:25:58. > :26:03.artificial intelligence plus machine learning plus robotics will flatten
:26:04. > :26:08.a lot of jobs that we currently have, and not replace them. I think
:26:09. > :26:10.that is certainly true. And a lot of jobs that even if they don't
:26:11. > :26:15.disappear they will be very much downsized. There are a lot of
:26:16. > :26:18.professional jobs at the moment, a lot of professions where people are
:26:19. > :26:24.already starting to use AI as advisory systems. It won't have to
:26:25. > :26:28.get all that much better... Lawyers? Lawyers, accountants... The thing
:26:29. > :26:33.that worries me most, but there are many things I could mention, is the
:26:34. > :26:40.idea of using AI systems as carers are companions for old people. I
:26:41. > :26:44.think there's absolutely no way that AI is going to be good enough to be
:26:45. > :26:50.able to do that well. Probably ever. Certainly not in the next century.
:26:51. > :26:54.And I think we would be really taking away people's committee and
:26:55. > :27:00.really giving them the rough end of the stick to do that. If we wanted
:27:01. > :27:06.to resist AI, would we just be Luddites, or would there be a
:27:07. > :27:10.justification for it? If you mean get rid of it, forget it. It is
:27:11. > :27:14.impossible. And also I don't think it would be a good thing, but anyway
:27:15. > :27:19.it is impossible. What I think we should do is resist AI taking over
:27:20. > :27:25.in essentially human to human situations where firstly we cannot
:27:26. > :27:30.get it to take over any reasonable fashion, and secondly, we shouldn't.
:27:31. > :27:36.My example of the care homes is just one example of that. Another one
:27:37. > :27:40.would be one-to-one education. And even though some of these
:27:41. > :27:44.educational AI systems can adapt to some extent the individual student,
:27:45. > :27:49.they cannot do it as well as a good teacher can. I think the greatest
:27:50. > :27:52.lesson that AI has taught us is the amazing power and subtlety and
:27:53. > :28:06.richness of human minds. And to equal that is a very big ask. In
:28:07. > :28:12.this programme I have been asking can the West survive? It probably
:28:13. > :28:19.can, but with wars and razor wire around its borders, with a big
:28:20. > :28:22.question over what it stands for, and the lingering suspicion that
:28:23. > :28:31.like all dominating societies, this just might be its sunset.
:28:32. > :28:36.# It's the end of the world as we know it
:28:37. > :28:39.# It's the end of the world as we know it
:28:40. > :28:45.# It's the end of the world as we know it
:28:46. > :28:49.# And I feel fine. # It's the end of the world as we
:28:50. > :28:54.know it # It's the end of the world as we
:28:55. > :28:57.know it # It's the end of the world as we
:28:58. > :29:00.know it # And I feel fine #.