:00:08. > :00:15.This is an add vnture in time and space. 50 years of hair's-breadth
:00:16. > :00:18.escapes, cliff hanger endings, amazing resourcefullness and
:00:19. > :00:25.ingenuity. You know what I'm talking about, don't you. You know Who. Its
:00:26. > :00:31.heroes are the people who weren't afade to fight for their
:00:32. > :00:39.convictions. To reinvent the way we told stories. It is very funny. To
:00:40. > :00:43.pioneer untried new technology. We ought to talk about deal kwa
:00:44. > :00:50.Derbyshire in the same breath as Phil Spector or The Beatles. She is
:00:51. > :00:59.higher placed for me. To confront the nation's fears and anxieties.
:01:00. > :01:04.And create a fable that would become part of everyone's lives. Ask
:01:05. > :01:09.someone who has never watched Doctor Who and I bet you they can tell whau
:01:10. > :01:12.a dalek is. Saving the daily universe is the daily business of
:01:13. > :01:16.the Doctor's televised career. He's achieved something more significant
:01:17. > :01:20.than that. He's changed the universe in which we live. This is the story
:01:21. > :01:26.of the Doctor's greatest victory, how he became part of our culture,
:01:27. > :01:34.how he became in indestructible, how he got inside your head.
:01:35. > :01:43.50 years ago a strange object appeared on our screens for the
:01:44. > :01:49.first time. Look at this. It is a police box! What is it doing here?
:01:50. > :01:59.These things are usually on the street. Feel it. Do you feel it?
:02:00. > :02:02.There is a faint vibration. Doctor Who quickly became part of
:02:03. > :02:07.contemporary folklore, but for some of us, he's more than that. You are
:02:08. > :02:12.supposed to grow out of liking Doctor Who but this hasn't happened
:02:13. > :02:17.to me. I think I might not be the only one. I am in my 40s you would
:02:18. > :02:22.think I have abandoned my attachment to what is essentially a children's
:02:23. > :02:26.programme but this programme has exerted a strange influence over my
:02:27. > :02:30.life. I feel it has influenced my morality, the way I think about the
:02:31. > :02:35.world. Some of my earliest memories of any kind at all are memories of
:02:36. > :02:39.Doctor Who, images from the programme have burned their way into
:02:40. > :02:43.my brain but I think Doctor Who is one of the most important things in
:02:44. > :02:46.our culture, one of the most rich and interesting things that has ever
:02:47. > :02:51.been made in this country. Is this really where you live? Yes and
:02:52. > :02:57.what's wrong with it? It was just a telephone box. Perhaps. This is your
:02:58. > :03:04.grandfather? Yes. Why didn't you tell us that? I don't discuss my
:03:05. > :03:10.priefrt life with strangers. In 19 62 the BBC had a problem, a brash
:03:11. > :03:17.unruly seven-year-old called ITV2, had stolen 80% of the audience, had
:03:18. > :03:21.game shows and sci-fi, cutting edge theatre and Bruce Forsyth. The BBC
:03:22. > :03:26.needed a loyalty programme to persuade people not to get out of
:03:27. > :03:31.their chairs and switch the dial in Brucie's direction. By 1963 it had a
:03:32. > :03:35.name, Doctor Who. As for who created Doctor Who, well, how long have you
:03:36. > :03:38.got? Doctor Who was devised by a
:03:39. > :03:46.committee. But one man has his name on the birth certificate, the head
:03:47. > :03:51.of television drama, Sydney Newman. Sydney Newman was ambitious and
:03:52. > :03:56.tough talking and not an raf-type in a tweed suit. He swore, he knew what
:03:57. > :04:01.he wanted, he was excitedly Canadian. He had been poached from
:04:02. > :04:05.ITV2, where he had set up the Avengers and given Harold Pinter his
:04:06. > :04:10.first TV break. Newman put his best people on the case. Among them was a
:04:11. > :04:15.staff writer called Cecil Edwin Webber, known to his friends as
:04:16. > :04:19.Bunny. Bunny had been around the block a
:04:20. > :04:27.few times. His stage plays had been brought to life Albert Finney but at
:04:28. > :04:32.53 he was too old to be an angry young man. Bunny and the team got
:04:33. > :04:36.down to work. Ideas were kicked around and kicked to death. But
:04:37. > :04:40.everyone agreed that this should be an adventure in time, as well as
:04:41. > :04:45.space. Stories about history, stories about science and exciting
:04:46. > :04:50.dramas that would inform, educate and entertain. It was Bunny who
:04:51. > :04:55.wrote up the treatment and continued the development of the idea. It is
:04:56. > :04:59.his name on the top of the founding document of Doctor Who. Bunny was
:05:00. > :05:04.commissioned to write the first Doctor Who story. He wanted to
:05:05. > :05:10.shrink the heroes to minuscule size and make them fight spiders, but
:05:11. > :05:14.Sydney hated it. Too tacky, too expensive and too impossible.
:05:15. > :05:19.Bunny's script was snatched away from him and the task was passed on
:05:20. > :05:22.to another staff writer. Bunny Webber never got to see his name on
:05:23. > :05:27.the credits of the programme. He is just a footnote in the history of
:05:28. > :05:33.Doctor Who. But I think there is a piece of the jigsaw that shows how
:05:34. > :05:38.much of that early work was his. It's here.
:05:39. > :05:44.To test my theory, I have tracked down a man who is another piece of
:05:45. > :05:50.the puzzle. I think I might have found a little misting piece of the
:05:51. > :05:59.history of Doctor Who here. This is a play by Cecil Edwin Webber, called
:06:00. > :06:04.Out of the Frying Pan. In this play there is a young actor playing the
:06:05. > :06:11.part of Gregory, who is that? It's me! It's me. I even played the
:06:12. > :06:16.guitar in it. I would like you to read your own part, you are sitting
:06:17. > :06:22.in the espresso bar in this scene. Well, what do you know, it says here
:06:23. > :06:32.if a spaceship travelled faster than light it would go backwards in time.
:06:33. > :06:40.Start a new journey in the spaceship in the year 500. It's not only
:06:41. > :06:46.scientific, it's historical. That in embryo is Doctor Who. It is. That is
:06:47. > :06:53.exactly where it's at. 1958. Is it just a coincidence or is there more
:06:54. > :06:57.to it? It is where it came from. But I have no recollection, I haven't
:06:58. > :07:02.tied the two together until now. A few years after starring in Bunny's
:07:03. > :07:09.play Richard joined the BBC's drama department. He was given a daunting
:07:10. > :07:17.new job, directing some of Doctor Who's earliest and most ambitious
:07:18. > :07:25.episodes on a shoe string budget Chaos, but creative chaos. For half
:07:26. > :07:29.an hour television we were allowed an hour-and-a-half to record and we
:07:30. > :07:33.were told never go over. What happened if did you go over? Do you
:07:34. > :07:38.want to see the scars! It was a live-type performance. The concept
:07:39. > :07:44.behind that was that the excitement of theatre and real-life performance
:07:45. > :07:51.would overcome any technical glitches, which sometimes happened.
:07:52. > :07:58.Luckily Richard had an ally, the BBC youngest ever producer, verity
:07:59. > :08:02.Lambert. Verity trusted me and guarded my back. She took a lot of
:08:03. > :08:07.flak on my behalf because she knew I was not prepared to compromise. Part
:08:08. > :08:11.of a new generation of programme makers, verity and Richard were
:08:12. > :08:17.young, risk taking, iconoclastic, a breed apart from the BBC
:08:18. > :08:25.establishment. I had been quite lucky in terms of my career in that
:08:26. > :08:30.I was producing Doctor Who when I was 27 and even for a man in those
:08:31. > :08:34.days that was quite young. I did have about two or three months when
:08:35. > :08:38.I first joined the BBC when I was seemed to be much younger than
:08:39. > :08:43.anyone else and a woman. I can remember derision at Ver itity. It
:08:44. > :08:51.was the first time a woman producer I think, had been created in the
:08:52. > :08:54.serials department. She was very fashion conscious, wore a different
:08:55. > :08:59.hat every day and they used to come out and snigger and say to me "what
:09:00. > :09:06.hat is she wearing today". It wasn't nice. She had a good hyde on her and
:09:07. > :09:13.could take it. Maybe they were sniggering at me, too. They were
:09:14. > :09:18.probably sniggering behind my back. It wasn't just sniggers, there were
:09:19. > :09:22.those within the BBC who wanted to strangle Doctor Who in its cradle,
:09:23. > :09:26.close it down after a few episodes. But Verity soon made that
:09:27. > :09:34.impossible, by deliberately disobeying her boss. Sydney Newman
:09:35. > :09:39.told Verity, no bug-eyed monsters. You broke this rule in the fifth
:09:40. > :09:43.episode. Absolutely. What was his response? Verity said she thought he
:09:44. > :09:48.was going to kill her. This is the first time the Dahl ex-appeared
:09:49. > :09:58.on-screen. They very nearly didn't make it there at all. -- daleks. She
:09:59. > :10:04.came out with the dalek business and I was livid. She said they are not
:10:05. > :10:09.bug eyed monsters, they were once living creatures, with brains and
:10:10. > :10:13.their brains have become so large their bodies needed the metal casing
:10:14. > :10:18.to support the brain. These strange new creatures were the invention of
:10:19. > :10:23.a writer named Terry Nation. He was a comedy writer. His vision was
:10:24. > :10:27.darker than anything the tea time audience had ever seen. The daleks
:10:28. > :10:33.had a catch phrase and they weren't the first to use it. The word
:10:34. > :10:37.exterminate had a history. As did other dalekisms like the habit of
:10:38. > :10:44.talking about themselves as the masters and their fondness of
:10:45. > :10:48.phrases like final solution. Exterminate all humans. Terry Nation
:10:49. > :10:53.had clear memories of the threat of German invasion. That didn't happen
:10:54. > :10:58.of course, but the Nazis did occupy his nightmares. Terry Nation was a
:10:59. > :11:02.child of war and an only child. His mum was an air raid warden and his
:11:03. > :11:07.dad was in the army. So when he went down to the shul ter he went alone
:11:08. > :11:13.and down there in the dark he would make up stories, about himself,
:11:14. > :11:17.about the war. It's hard to say what Terry Nation thought the daleks
:11:18. > :11:21.ought to look like. The script he wrote is vague on that point. It was
:11:22. > :11:28.the designer who had to put them on the screen. It is often say Ray
:11:29. > :11:35.Cusick based the design for the dalek on one of these. What he
:11:36. > :11:40.originally wanted was something much more elaborate, something with an
:11:41. > :11:45.ten eye and moving parts, but he only had ?60 to spend on each one so
:11:46. > :11:49.had to resort to more mundane objects.
:11:50. > :11:53.Somehow the team had to transform four ply wood props into a
:11:54. > :11:59.terrifying monster. The description of a dalek is that it is meant to
:12:00. > :12:07.glide effortlessly, as though it was on a sort of anti-gravitational
:12:08. > :12:11.pull. Four golden casters and cramped actors doing this and that
:12:12. > :12:14.at the same time, can you imagine. Was there a knack to directing the
:12:15. > :12:19.daleks, was it something you learned because you had a lot of experience.
:12:20. > :12:26.These are creatures that are meant to have mutated into a jelly in the
:12:27. > :12:32.middle of a vast pepper pot. They are actually helpless. God knows how
:12:33. > :12:44.they eat or reproduce, but... Very carefully! But what must energise
:12:45. > :12:51.them is fear. Look, the disease has reached us here. We cannot delay,
:12:52. > :12:55.but what are we to do, is this the end of the daleks. We all agreed
:12:56. > :13:02.that they were on the point of hysteria. So there was enormous
:13:03. > :13:09.tension in their voices and it came out like that. It is like they were
:13:10. > :13:18.suffering inside. It was Klaus phobia. -- Klaus ra phobia.
:13:19. > :13:23.You will be exterminated. You understand. Exterminated. I
:13:24. > :13:28.understand. When the daleks returned in Doctor Who's second season they
:13:29. > :13:33.blitzed London and the survivors became slaves, collaborators,
:13:34. > :13:39.resistance fighters and Britain went mad with gratitude. Suddenly the
:13:40. > :13:47.ratings soared over the ten million mark. There was a word that went
:13:48. > :13:53.with it, a medical word, Dalekmania. From 19 64 the real dalek invasion
:13:54. > :13:56.of earth began. They occupied sweet shops, comic scripts, school fetes,
:13:57. > :14:01.the Blue Peter studio, Britain hadn't seen a craze like it since
:14:02. > :14:05.The Beatles. I have three daleks here this afternoon. Less
:14:06. > :14:11.frightening than the big ones. These you can eat. How did a tin pot Nazi
:14:12. > :14:18.become the nation's sweetheart? Why was Blue Peter turning an allegory
:14:19. > :14:22.for the SS into walnut whip. Why are the daleks so appealing then? They
:14:23. > :14:28.are hideous and monsterous and we adore them, too. Well, I think they
:14:29. > :14:34.first arrived in 1963 and by about that time, the memory of the war was
:14:35. > :14:39.fading. What the war gave us was a common enemy. So the Dahlenings come
:14:40. > :14:45.along and again we can unite against a baddie. The other thing, if we
:14:46. > :14:49.have an enemy, we don't have to own our own dark side. We can project it
:14:50. > :14:57.all out on to the enemy. Why are we as a society so attracted to horror
:14:58. > :15:03.though? We are not actually in control of dying, death, disease,
:15:04. > :15:07.disasser. But I think we like to play like we are in control of it.
:15:08. > :15:10.We know we can switch the television off, for example, and that is why
:15:11. > :15:14.question like a fairground ride because it will give us an
:15:15. > :15:18.adrenaline hit without actually being in any real danger. I think
:15:19. > :15:26.that is what Doctor Who does as well. This is how the ride began,
:15:27. > :15:30.with uncanny rushes of light that told the audience they were going to
:15:31. > :15:37.be Transport 2000ed beyond the world of ordinary television. All part of
:15:38. > :15:41.Verity Lambert's master plan. Verity wanted a theme tune that was
:15:42. > :15:46.equally unearthly and this was the band she was desperate to sign, Les
:15:47. > :15:51.Structures Sonores, performance artists who created sculptures from
:15:52. > :15:55.glass and metal and used them to make music, but their price turned
:15:56. > :16:00.out to be as avant-garde as their work. Verity needed to find a cheap
:16:01. > :16:05.solution, one that was in-house at the BBC. So what does a brilliant
:16:06. > :16:08.young woman do in that situation? Looks for another brilliant young
:16:09. > :16:16.woman and she found one at the end of this corridor. The radiophonic
:16:17. > :16:21.work shop was a tiny sub division of the BBC, buried at the unfashionable
:16:22. > :16:25.end of Maida Vale studios. But within it, all kinds of strange and
:16:26. > :16:32.wonderful experiments were taking place. In room 11B a green metal
:16:33. > :16:39.lamp shade could be transformed into the shimmering sound of desert heat.
:16:40. > :16:45.A fistful of swar Faying ga could Transport 2000 you to the planet of
:16:46. > :16:51.the Fungoids. And a key scraped against a broken piano could conjure
:16:52. > :16:55.the sound of the TARDIS. The work shop was a tiny paradise for anyone
:16:56. > :17:00.who wanted to experiment with sound. To make music with static, feed
:17:01. > :17:04.back, razor blades, tape loops and the rush of electrons through the
:17:05. > :17:08.atmosphere. Then all we have to do is cut the notes to the right
:17:09. > :17:14.length. We can join them together on a loop and listen to them. Delia
:17:15. > :17:18.Derbyshire was a Cambridge graduate and one of the workshops brightest
:17:19. > :17:22.minds. She was 25-years-old when she was briefed to arrange the Doctor
:17:23. > :17:27.Who theme. It was composed by Roy Grainer who got the on-screen credit
:17:28. > :17:32.but he barely recognised what Delia had done, with his simple tune. Ten
:17:33. > :17:38.years later, she had given up music altogether. She worked for British
:17:39. > :17:49.Gas, she drank too much, she died in 2001, boxes of music forgotten in
:17:50. > :17:57.heratic. -- her attic. She created a work that will never grow old.
:17:58. > :18:05.What is its power? It feels kind of time travely and scientific and
:18:06. > :18:09.alien and I think that song has great momentum. That is one of the
:18:10. > :18:13.single most influential bits of music on my career because it is the
:18:14. > :18:18.one I have grown up with. It's part of what made me do what I do. I
:18:19. > :18:24.can't think of anything else that was like it. I can tell you want a
:18:25. > :18:29.moment. These are the original master tapes of the Doctor Who theme
:18:30. > :18:36.from 19 636789 Is that Delia Derbyshire's writing? Probably.
:18:37. > :18:43.Inside is the reel itself. I am not even wear wearing white gloves.
:18:44. > :18:46.Amazing. Will this bear being loaded on to the machine to listen to?
:18:47. > :19:27.Absolutely. What do you think it would have been
:19:28. > :19:32.like to hear this music for the first time? It must have been
:19:33. > :19:36.shocking at the time to hear that on Saturday evening, tea time. This
:19:37. > :19:42.piece of high experiment where you would expect to hear something like
:19:43. > :19:46.the theme tune of duke box jury. It is the first thing that brought this
:19:47. > :19:50.kind of music to a family audience. It is what The Beatles were doing,
:19:51. > :19:54.it is what Pink Floyd were doing with Dark Side Of The Moon. All this
:19:55. > :19:58.culture coming together to create these, what we now look on as
:19:59. > :20:06.pivotal moments in contemporary music history. We ought to talk
:20:07. > :20:10.about Delia Derbyshire in the same breath as Phil Spector or The
:20:11. > :20:15.Beatles then. Yes, absolutely, she is higher placed for me!
:20:16. > :20:19.Derbyshire's theme tune wasn't Doctor Who's only genius idea.
:20:20. > :20:23.Changing the lead actor in a burst of light, that was pretty clever,
:20:24. > :20:28.too. But it wasn't enough. By the end of the 19 60s, viewing figures
:20:29. > :20:33.from half what they had been at the height of dalek main yachlt the
:20:34. > :20:38.programme had been through two doctors and half a dozen producers,
:20:39. > :20:43.all with ideas about what the show ought to be. When Patrick Troughton
:20:44. > :20:45.announced his departure it seemed like Doctor Who had come to the end
:20:46. > :21:01.of its natural life. But the show didn't die. In 19 70 it
:21:02. > :21:06.returned in colour with a new Doctor, Jon Pertwee. And much more
:21:07. > :21:20.punch. It had a new producer, too, Barry
:21:21. > :21:25.Letts, a buddist and veg tearia, with a passion for science and
:21:26. > :21:30.politics. He worked out what was really frightening people in 19 70s
:21:31. > :21:35.Britain. Not strange beings on an alien world but the people who were
:21:36. > :21:43.running the country. Look out! Jon Pertwee's Doctor had a tufrj of
:21:44. > :21:47.James Bond and he went into acting for the British Government. His
:21:48. > :21:52.world was the Britain of the near future, a place of crumbling
:21:53. > :21:57.warehouses and sinister missile bases and government research
:21:58. > :22:03.stations. All of which inevitably conceal secrets. How serious was
:22:04. > :22:07.Doctor Who's politics. Malcolm Hulk, the author of many of the political
:22:08. > :22:11.stories in this period was a member of the Communist Party. Is that
:22:12. > :22:15.legible in these stories? I don't think he had a secret plot to thak
:22:16. > :22:19.these ten-year-old minds and turn them into lefties, because it didn't
:22:20. > :22:24.work. It is important to remember at that stage, the Heath government was
:22:25. > :22:28.elected. The first attempt since before the war to turn British
:22:29. > :22:33.politics back towards the right. And he failed. It is no way you are
:22:34. > :22:41.going to write this contemporary science fiction stuff without
:22:42. > :22:45.dipping into current events. How much longer before this countdown
:22:46. > :22:50.begins A matter of hours. Under great pressure from the government.
:22:51. > :22:55.It won't be for much longer. They are on to Whitaker you know.
:22:56. > :23:00.Remember the Doctor has discovered the existence of this place. He is a
:23:01. > :23:07.very intelligent man. He suspects my involvement. We ought to dispose of
:23:08. > :23:11.him. You have to remember what the over arching prism of the Pertwee
:23:12. > :23:14.era is about. It is a scientist allying himself to a military
:23:15. > :23:22.organisation in order to fight invaders. That is a pretty right
:23:23. > :23:26.wing base, it might be if the writers were left wing, they were
:23:27. > :23:30.trying to drop these things in to say this isn't the militaristic
:23:31. > :23:33.stiff upper lip programme it would otherwise have been. There is some
:23:34. > :23:40.anxiety in Doctor Who about the return of the right, isn't there.
:23:41. > :23:44.You get these rogue general figures, there are faintly Oswald Moseleyish
:23:45. > :23:49.characters and there is that sense that there might be a group within
:23:50. > :23:53.British society who would like a much more authoritarian Britain.
:23:54. > :23:57.Probably there was a group like that in society. I remember raising the
:23:58. > :24:02.issue when I became a member of parliament. A few rogue elements in
:24:03. > :24:12.MI5, meeting and discussing, shall we have a coup. You are going to
:24:13. > :24:15.destroy all the civilisations of man, leaving earth for another
:24:16. > :24:21.planet, that was one thing, but this is evil. Civilisation has destroyed
:24:22. > :24:27.me, it is time to make a fresh start. We can guide man on to a
:24:28. > :24:31.better path. Jon Pertwee's Doctor had given the programme a sense of
:24:32. > :24:37.moral and political engagement, but it had also tied it down to the
:24:38. > :24:44.earth. It was time to get away from warehouses and Whitehall and leave
:24:45. > :24:49.domestic politics behind. The Doctor joined the counter-culture and went
:24:50. > :25:00.off into space to discover himself. The new Doctor was Tom Baker, an
:25:01. > :25:04.actor who used to be a monk, Baker was the most moss terous and mess
:25:05. > :25:10.Merrick actor to play the part. He took over the minds of the children
:25:11. > :25:16.watching. Took over mine, too. He did it with the strange fruit of the
:25:17. > :25:24.gothic manages, Doctor Who took the literature and cinema of nightmares
:25:25. > :25:28.and remade it for kids. It took Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and made the
:25:29. > :25:44.The Brain of Morbius. It made this monster, too, the
:25:45. > :25:49.talons of Weng-Chiang. The whole tomb of 19th and early 20th century
:25:50. > :25:57.popular culture robbed for its best bones. Sherlock Holmes, Jack the
:25:58. > :26:01.Ripper, Fu Manchu. These nightmare worlds were made in nightmare
:26:02. > :26:11.circumstances. The year they shot this inflation hit 23%. Are you
:26:12. > :26:16.trying to attract my attention? They did it any way with props, latex and
:26:17. > :26:23.polystyrene and hot wire. The illusion would never have worked
:26:24. > :26:26.without a bit of help. Dudley Simpson was Doctor Who's unofficial
:26:27. > :26:39.house composer, for the whole of the 19 70s. What instruments? I was
:26:40. > :26:45.thinking of the cello with the marimba. Music for television film
:26:46. > :26:49.is there to do a number of jobs, it is there to make the pictures look
:26:50. > :27:01.better. It is there to tell the audience what to think occasionally.
:27:02. > :27:04.When you In this story there is a giant unterrifying rat, but it is
:27:05. > :27:21.terrifying with the music put to it. That is what the music is there for.
:27:22. > :27:23.Dudley Simpson, deadly Dudley, wanted Doctor Who to sound as scary
:27:24. > :27:52.as Hammer Horror. Hammer though had something the
:27:53. > :27:57.Doctor could only dream about - money. They could afford an
:27:58. > :28:02.orchestra of 60. Dudley had a six-piece band. For a half hour
:28:03. > :28:07.programme he could only pay for 90 minutes of studio time. You were
:28:08. > :28:14.Dudley's right hand man, his percussionist, you played on the
:28:15. > :28:19.original cue we are listening tochlt Half the time we didn't rehearse it.
:28:20. > :28:26.Absolutely hair raising but delightful. Dudley was put to the
:28:27. > :28:31.test in the fourth episode of the talons of Weng-Chiang much He needed
:28:32. > :28:34.to leave viewers screaming to find out what happened next. It is a
:28:35. > :28:48.classic Doctor Who cliff hanger. So what this music is telling us is
:28:49. > :28:59.that the monsters have won. What strikes me about this is the
:29:00. > :29:05.eccentricity of the strings here. Dudley was trying to find the way
:29:06. > :29:10.around a small budget. It was a new kind of organ, it was designed for
:29:11. > :29:13.rock bands and cabaret clubs but Dudley had something much more
:29:14. > :29:21.horrible in mind. The BBC's original has been lost, so Mark has found a
:29:22. > :29:27.cunning way of recreating the sound. Six keyboards. Six keyboards doing
:29:28. > :29:33.the work of this organ. What is this giving us? It is doubling the size
:29:34. > :29:39.of the band, all the wood winds and filling out the brass. He is very
:29:40. > :29:46.clever, ahead of his time. He was using it to increase the size of his
:29:47. > :30:04.or chest trachlt One, two, three...
:30:05. > :30:28.Are you happy now? I am very happy. You were there when this was done
:30:29. > :30:33.the first time. How experimental is the music, how innovative is it?
:30:34. > :30:38.Serve listening, it was something that wasn't around perhaps at that
:30:39. > :30:46.time. Perhaps more in the classical world, where other composers were
:30:47. > :30:51.coming along, so we got more used to it later, but it was really a bit
:30:52. > :30:56.off the wall. Which is great. That kind of 20th century avant-garde
:30:57. > :30:59.music, that is making its presence felt in Doctor Who in the way it may
:31:00. > :31:07.not have been in other dramas? Very much so, very much to the fore. By
:31:08. > :31:12.1977 Doctor Who was moving through dark waters, far too dark for some.
:31:13. > :31:19.This is the moment where it overstepped the mark. The apparent
:31:20. > :31:25.drowning of Tom Baker, a sight that incurred the wrath of the Doctor's
:31:26. > :31:30.greatest enemy. What brother her most was the freeze frame. The final
:31:31. > :31:35.shots sft programme with the image left in the mind of the child for a
:31:36. > :31:42.whole week. Mary Whitehouse won the argument. How would it survive? The
:31:43. > :31:47.answer is right here: In the dialogue.
:31:48. > :31:56.I say, what a wonderful butler, so violent. Doctor Who became funnier
:31:57. > :32:01.but not everyone saw the joke. Head of serials said: At first glance
:32:02. > :32:05.this serial hardly evidence is the increased calibre of writing I
:32:06. > :32:09.expected this year. It is littered with schoolboy humour that will
:32:10. > :32:13.reduce Tom's authority and credibility hopelessly. If we allow
:32:14. > :32:18.Tom to get his hands on material like this, then surely it is an open
:32:19. > :32:24.invitation for him to become even more flippant and unmanageable. I
:32:25. > :32:29.feel I know more about the programme than the write writers do. They feel
:32:30. > :32:34.they know more than me, it is a question of who wins. Like a lot of
:32:35. > :32:39.big personalities, they tend to steam roller over everybody. The
:32:40. > :32:44.problems came up in the rehearsal room, when he wanted to change
:32:45. > :32:49.things. It says are you hurt and I have been shot, he says have you
:32:50. > :32:56.been hurt. I thought I might be able to say, it is time I put him away a
:32:57. > :32:59.bit. At one point Tom Baker said let's get rid of the companion, all
:33:00. > :33:04.I need is a talking cabbage and there was a sense he was so powerful
:33:05. > :33:12.it might have actually happened. Absolute rubbish. In 19 79 a writer
:33:13. > :33:16.set to become one of the 20th century's cult literary figures
:33:17. > :33:23.stepped in as the story editor. He might be the person to bring Tom
:33:24. > :33:29.Baker to book. One of the things you did was nurture the talent of a
:33:30. > :33:34.young man called Douglas Adams. How did you discover him? I was tipped
:33:35. > :33:42.off by a guy, who was the script editor for radio drama, for draft
:33:43. > :33:48.scripts of hitch hikers guide to the galaxy. I didn't know he had been
:33:49. > :33:51.knocking on the door of Doctor Who. When we were close friends in the
:33:52. > :33:56.70s we shared a house in Roehampton and I found him in there one day
:33:57. > :34:00.before hitch hiker happened in tears on the bed saying I can't go on with
:34:01. > :34:05.this, I am not getting anywhere and I can't get any work, and I am going
:34:06. > :34:10.to give it up and become a ship broker. He was obvious very, very
:34:11. > :34:14.bright. The intelligence shot out of the scripts all the time. The basic
:34:15. > :34:21.problem was structure. He wasn't a structure man and he came up with a
:34:22. > :34:26.pirate planet idea. It was so way out, I loved t but I can't say how
:34:27. > :34:40.it was going to do. We have to find a way.
:34:41. > :34:46.If Douglas Adams was a brilliant writer had you did you feel when you
:34:47. > :34:50.heard he was going to inherit your job as script editor which requires
:34:51. > :34:55.a great deal of discipline? I thought it was madness frankly.
:34:56. > :35:01.Douglas was deeply unsuited anything organisational. He was famously
:35:02. > :35:07.inefficient. What was it like to be script edited by Douglas Adams? It
:35:08. > :35:11.was all the things that script writers are not supposed to do.
:35:12. > :35:13.Anthony's brought a script that Douglas doctored, the horns of
:35:14. > :35:25.Nimon. With authentic ageing marks on
:35:26. > :35:38.there. 1979. Hello I am the Doctor, I dropped in on passing. When we
:35:39. > :35:50.actually see it on the screen, "dropped in?" . I am the Doctor. I
:35:51. > :35:57.dropped in. It is very funny though. It is not
:35:58. > :36:03.supposed to be funny! Douglas was just amazing fun. That is why he got
:36:04. > :36:10.on so well with Tom Baker. Two ebullient guys. Huge bodies. Great
:36:11. > :36:15.an tights for food and drink, and staying up all night and talking. By
:36:16. > :36:22.night Douglas was in fine form. But by day he was tearing his hair.
:36:23. > :36:27.Douglas Adams started with huge literary ambitions. He approached
:36:28. > :36:30.writers like Tom Stoppard and Alistair Beaton, but he found that
:36:31. > :36:35.established writers either said no or found Doctor Who an impossible
:36:36. > :36:38.task. His solution was to perform enormous rewrites on everyone's
:36:39. > :36:43.scripts. But the laws of time were against him. I had become script
:36:44. > :36:47.editor of Doctor Who and writing on Doctor Who. I had this book based on
:36:48. > :36:51.The Hitchhikers Guide to the galaxy to write and I was going away at
:36:52. > :36:55.that in the evenings and then I had also a second series of hitch hiker
:36:56. > :36:58.to write on the radio and then on top of that, I had to start working
:36:59. > :37:04.on the scripts for the television series. Douglas in a flap was an
:37:05. > :37:12.extraordinary sight, which had milling arms and sweat breaking out.
:37:13. > :37:15.One day in 1979 disasser struck, one of Douglas's writers failed to
:37:16. > :37:20.deliver. Filming was due to start on Monday. Graham said you are going to
:37:21. > :37:25.have to write a script, a four episode script, so he took me back
:37:26. > :37:32.to his house, locked me in his study. And basically hosed me down
:37:33. > :37:40.with whisky and black coffee for the weekend. It should have been a
:37:41. > :37:45.disasser but City of Death is one of the Doctor's greatest triumphs, it
:37:46. > :37:55.tackles philosophical ideas about the notion of authenticity. It is
:37:56. > :38:00.quite genuine, I assure you. I recognise the hand writing, mine. It
:38:01. > :38:06.examines the value of art and it's got the show's best ever cameo.
:38:07. > :38:13.Divorced from its function and purely as a piece of art, it is
:38:14. > :38:20.curiously counter pointed by the redundant vestages of its function.
:38:21. > :38:25.The art lies in the fact it is here. The 16 million view whores tuned in
:38:26. > :38:35.liked it too. It was its highest rated Doctor Who in the 20th
:38:36. > :38:43.Douglas went off to natural success, but the ghosts of Doctor Who stayed
:38:44. > :38:47.with him, much of what he wrote afterwards, reworked ideas he
:38:48. > :38:52.conceived for the series. At least one person though was very
:38:53. > :38:56.glad to see the back of him. A young production unit manager who had been
:38:57. > :39:01.watching from the wings. In 1980 he got his chance to transform the
:39:02. > :39:05.programme and became Doctor Who's longest serving producer. His name
:39:06. > :39:10.was John Nathan Turner. John Nathan Turner wanted to make British
:39:11. > :39:19.science fiction taken serious lichlt Doctor Who became high concept and
:39:20. > :39:28.glossy. John Nathan Turner wasn't an intellectual but his team were.
:39:29. > :39:33.The programmes influences were French cinema and high mathematics.
:39:34. > :39:38.It was as if it had gone from being a rag week joke to the high
:39:39. > :39:43.seriousness of the seminar room. The tea time audience didn't go mad for
:39:44. > :39:49.it but the fans loved it. They saluted jain John Nathan Turner as
:39:50. > :39:53.the fans' producer and an idea occurred to him. Perhaps everyone
:39:54. > :40:03.could be a Doctor Who fan. Do you think John looks like the producer
:40:04. > :40:11.of Doctor Who. I recognised him by his Hawaiian shirt. The Doctor Who
:40:12. > :40:13.convention is a strange and beautiful thing. I have always loved
:40:14. > :40:27.them and so did John Nathan Turner. John Nathan Turner was exactly what
:40:28. > :40:33.Doctor Who needed at the time he became producer. He understand what
:40:34. > :40:39.a fan met network meant to a show. John's biggest legacy is recognise
:40:40. > :40:42.recognising the power of the brand. He saw way before anybody else this
:40:43. > :41:00.had international potential. That is everybody who is here today. Yes. He
:41:01. > :41:06.was involved in our wedding. The sad fan stereotype, you have your T
:41:07. > :41:14.shishgts very bad -- shirt, very bad hair, never kissed a girl. He is
:41:15. > :41:20.dressed at Tigan in case you were wondering. JNT encouraged his
:41:21. > :41:24.doctors and companions to see conventions as part of the gig. I
:41:25. > :41:32.got the job on Monday, on Thursday they flew me to Atlanta. I arrived
:41:33. > :41:37.in a heat wave, I had never been to a convention, I was astonished. JNT
:41:38. > :41:44.understood the passion Doctor Who inspired in its fans. He listened
:41:45. > :41:49.carefully to their ideas and feed back, and even commissioned a script
:41:50. > :41:55.from one of them, a 17-year-old called Andrew Smith. He was always
:41:56. > :41:59.full of ideas about how to sell Doctor Who. Did you become part of
:42:00. > :42:03.that strategy? I did a number of interviews, it was unusual for a
:42:04. > :42:07.writer. You were the teenage prodigy. I can remember reading
:42:08. > :42:14.those articles and thinking, why can't that be me. I have heard that
:42:15. > :42:20.from others. John said later it also had the effect that a lot of
:42:21. > :42:25.teenagers started winging scripts in expecting them to be produced. 1983
:42:26. > :42:31.was a PR triumph for John Nathan Turner. Doctor Who celebrated its
:42:32. > :42:36.20th anniversary and 50,000 fans turned up for a birthday convention
:42:37. > :42:42.at Longleat. Behind the scenes, much uglier events were taking place. A
:42:43. > :42:48.recent book suggests that JNT had begun to abuse his power. Richard
:42:49. > :42:51.your book alleges that John Nathan Turner had sexual contact with
:42:52. > :42:55.dozens of fans, some of who were the age of 16. What is the background to
:42:56. > :43:01.this, what happened? What happened was that John was in this position
:43:02. > :43:05.where he was producing a show that had an enormous youthful fan base
:43:06. > :43:10.and he had social access to them, at conventions and sometimes they were
:43:11. > :43:14.invited to recordings at the BBC. John was very flamboyant, very
:43:15. > :43:18.party-loving gay man and I think fuelled by alcohol, fuelled by the
:43:19. > :43:23.fact he was a party animal, in certain situations he would see
:43:24. > :43:29.people who caught his eye and would try it on. How long was this going
:43:30. > :43:32.on for? I think that knowing the way John was, from almost the first time
:43:33. > :43:36.he would have had the opportunity, until the entd of his time as
:43:37. > :43:39.producer on Doctor Who and beyond when he start today work in the
:43:40. > :43:44.theatre. Do you believe these encounters were consensual? I
:43:45. > :43:48.haven't found any examples of John himself being involved in
:43:49. > :43:54.non-consensual activity with fans. But I think in speaking to some of
:43:55. > :43:57.these partners of John now, they are middle-aged men and see these things
:43:58. > :44:01.differently. Most of them, even the ones that have affection and respect
:44:02. > :44:05.for John, I think they all recognise that really what he was doing was
:44:06. > :44:12.wrong and they shouldn't have been in that position and that he was
:44:13. > :44:18.crossing a line in a very big way. The idea of John Nathan Turner abugs
:44:19. > :44:25.his power for sexual advantage is pretty grim, but I suppose now it
:44:26. > :44:29.has become part of that long narrative of Doctor Who's behind the
:44:30. > :44:35.scenes history which in the 80s was about to reach its most difficult
:44:36. > :44:40.moment. Doctor Who is to take a rest. The
:44:41. > :44:44.BBC announced today that the Time Lord who has been on our screens for
:44:45. > :44:48.some 22 years now will be off the air for 18 months. I was told that
:44:49. > :44:52.my era had terrible viewing figures. It didn't. They were just the same
:44:53. > :44:58.as Peter's and every bit as good as some of Tom's. It was the heads of
:44:59. > :45:01.departments that really gave every impression of not wanting to be
:45:02. > :45:06.bothered. They really wanted more and more side line the programme so
:45:07. > :45:18.it could be gone and not be the garish embarrassment to them.
:45:19. > :45:26.Like Band Aid, pop stars gathered to end the famine of low budget TV
:45:27. > :45:30.science fiction. Publicity promised Elton John and holly Johnson and who
:45:31. > :45:40.turned up, Bobby from Bucks Fizz and Hazel Dean.
:45:41. > :45:50.There was that appalling record which I resisted, I can't remember
:45:51. > :45:55.what it was called. Doctor in Distress. Bring him back now we
:45:56. > :45:59.won't take less. The one person who shouldn't be involved with it is the
:46:00. > :46:05.person with a vested interest in it continuing. Doctor Who hung on for
:46:06. > :46:10.three more years. Three years with plenty of fresh ideas and enner ji
:46:11. > :46:15.but the BBC did its best to throttle any chance of success. The
:46:16. > :46:21.schedulers factifies it had to Coronation Street. The ratings were
:46:22. > :46:25.low. By 1989 Doctor Who was gone. The generation was robbed of their
:46:26. > :46:28.Doctor Who. My children grew up without a Doctor Who in their lives.
:46:29. > :46:34.I knew they were wrong, I really did. I remember when it finished, I
:46:35. > :46:42.thought these people are fools. But they wanted to bring on El Dorado.
:46:43. > :46:54.The last episode went out on sixth December 1989. Where to now? Home!
:46:55. > :46:57.The TARDIS. Yes. There are worlds out there with the skies burning,
:46:58. > :47:06.the sea is asleep and the rivers dream. Come on Ace, we have work to
:47:07. > :47:14.do. Doctor Who walked off the screen,
:47:15. > :47:19.but he didn't die. The fans wouldn't let him go. For them Doctor Who
:47:20. > :47:27.hadn't been a kid's TV show, it had been an inspiration. Why is it so
:47:28. > :47:33.important to us, why has it captured us in this way? It is the main
:47:34. > :47:37.character, the Doctor. There is just something about that possibility of
:47:38. > :47:43.opening that blue door and being invited to take a journey into time
:47:44. > :47:51.and space, it does seem to tap into something in the British manages,
:47:52. > :47:57.which is - imagination which is as profound as Sherlock Holmes. We live
:47:58. > :48:01.in a world of geek empowerment. The geeks are coming to rule the world.
:48:02. > :48:07.Like a lot of fans, I was hideously bullied, and the Doctor stood for
:48:08. > :48:12.those things that the bullied stand for, and against those things that
:48:13. > :48:16.the bullies seem to stand for. You are so right. As you were talking
:48:17. > :48:20.about that, I suddenly found myself thinking of something I have not
:48:21. > :48:28.thought about in years, a moment when me and my best friend, who we
:48:29. > :48:35.were both Doctor Who fans, we were way laid down a dark alley by the
:48:36. > :48:40.school bully and it is something - my friend I am sorry to say
:48:41. > :48:47.committed suicide some years later, but I can remember that what
:48:48. > :48:52.happened when we met them, was that I shouted out what Patrick Troughton
:48:53. > :48:58.almost said in those situations and you probably know what this is. Rub
:48:59. > :49:10.like a rabbit. -- run like a rabbit. When I say run, run and we did it.
:49:11. > :49:16.These are fanzines I made at the age of 12, 13, 14-years-old. This is my
:49:17. > :49:21.earliest writing which was ever sold. Have a look and they are quite
:49:22. > :49:27.shocking in many ways. I am shocked because I bought these, I sent off
:49:28. > :49:32.postal orders to you. I didn't know it was you who produced these. I
:49:33. > :49:40.never worked out how to cash a postal order. I have your life in
:49:41. > :49:46.this cardboard box here. This is terrifying. The mutant phase, part
:49:47. > :49:54.two. Absolutely stunning. Daleks in that. Every copyright in the world
:49:55. > :49:58.broken. The amateur adventures of Doctor Who. This is how it all
:49:59. > :50:00.started. You were making these in the 80s in your bedroom. More like a
:50:01. > :50:16.living room. What do you get if you cross a
:50:17. > :50:27.scorpion for a dexocorn? It is a joke. Hello Greg.
:50:28. > :50:38.I haven't heard any of that since the 1980s. I am amazed actual
:50:39. > :50:42.actually how quite good that sounds. We learnt so quickly what we could
:50:43. > :50:46.and couldn't do. Every person taught themselves what to do by trial and
:50:47. > :50:52.experiment. I think almost everything about the new Doctor Who
:50:53. > :50:56.happened in those 15 years that fans erroneously refer to as the
:50:57. > :51:01.wilderness years. They are full of excitement and rides and wild times
:51:02. > :51:06.and great creativity. I think it does every franchise good to lie
:51:07. > :51:09.fallow for a while. That gap allowed fans to take over from the original
:51:10. > :51:13.people that did T We loved it, we fell in love with the procedure. We
:51:14. > :51:19.had no idea that it would lead to careers for any of us. It was a
:51:20. > :51:23.hobby. Doctor Who had trained up his army of writers and now they were
:51:24. > :51:27.ready to take him back where he belonged. The right people were
:51:28. > :51:32.there at the right time with the right degree of enthusiasm. It took
:51:33. > :51:35.them to shake it up and go actually this is unique, this is an amazing
:51:36. > :51:40.show. There isn't another show like this in the world. Let's bring it
:51:41. > :51:45.back. Doctor Who was resurrected with the fans in charge. The very
:51:46. > :51:52.people who had written those novels and fanzines. The man at the top was
:51:53. > :51:58.Russell T Davies, creator of queer as as -- Queer as Folk.
:51:59. > :52:11.Can we watch this now, please? Actors seem to have more power than
:52:12. > :52:15.writers in television at the moment. It is an odd thing to do to the
:52:16. > :52:19.culture. Balls the actor isn't the most important thing. The most
:52:20. > :52:24.important thing is the writer and Russell is maintaining that. I
:52:25. > :52:30.cannot emphasise enough how Russell T Davies is the central hero in the
:52:31. > :52:36.return of Doctor Who. I did not get the Doctor seeing all that stuff. He
:52:37. > :52:41.is more than a fan. He understood how to make it mainstream, but also
:52:42. > :52:48.honour the past, which is what we really wanted to do. From the
:52:49. > :52:51.beginning there was an enormous weight of responsibility. I didn't
:52:52. > :52:56.want to be the exec producer that screwed up the return of Doctor Who,
:52:57. > :53:00.that is for sure. Public lived without the Doctor for 16 years.
:53:01. > :53:03.Russell knew if Doctor Who was going to be great once more it had to
:53:04. > :53:08.appeal to people who thought they didn't like it. In particular a
:53:09. > :53:14.section of the audience that had been neglected for far too long. Do
:53:15. > :53:19.you think old Doctor Who is mainly for boys? I would look at that
:53:20. > :53:30.assistant and go, because secretly you want to be the dok doctor, you
:53:31. > :53:35.think there's nothing here for me. Do you think 21st century Doctor Who
:53:36. > :53:39.has revived its view of women. Yes, it was really noticeable, they start
:53:40. > :53:42.off and it is a gobby council estate girl with the acne covered up with
:53:43. > :53:47.concealer, which is a huge thing. She is packing a bit of weight and
:53:48. > :53:56.wearing scruffy clothes from Primark. You have never seen a woman
:53:57. > :54:02.like her before. Oh my God, I am a chav. Then the other assistants, the
:54:03. > :54:06.women are more than the Doctor's equal. Even though he is
:54:07. > :54:09.superhumanly clever, he always needs those women to come along and they
:54:10. > :54:16.battle with him and are brilliant characters in their own right. I
:54:17. > :54:32.have no A-levels. No job. No future. But I tell you what I have got, I
:54:33. > :54:38.have the bronze gymnastics. We also seem to offer an amazingly
:54:39. > :54:42.inclusive view of sexuality in a place and a time when it is not
:54:43. > :54:47.often offered to this particular audience. Yes, Russell had, having
:54:48. > :54:53.done Queer as Folk, which was done as a brilliant 50-50 combination,
:54:54. > :54:58.something of how he felt how he wanted to change this country, he
:54:59. > :55:04.wanted to have a revolution and 50% joyful character led funny, sad
:55:05. > :55:08.heartbreaking, brought that same ethos to rebooting children's sci-fi
:55:09. > :55:13.show on a Saturday and many people thought that wouldn't work. I think
:55:14. > :55:18.the most astonishing thing about the way he rebooted Doctor Who is that
:55:19. > :55:30.he did change things. I wish I had never met you Doctor. I was better
:55:31. > :55:34.off as a coward. I very much doubt we would have had civil partner
:55:35. > :55:38.shipgs and gay marriage for gay people in this country without
:55:39. > :55:46.Russell T Davies for Queer as Folk and Doctor Who. At a point when your
:55:47. > :55:51.children and grandchildren are in the playground playing captain jack
:55:52. > :55:55.and your kids have got their head around it, they understand it and
:55:56. > :55:59.they are talking about time travel and the theory of relativity. Doctor
:56:00. > :56:02.Who tells us in everything that it does there isn't anything that is
:56:03. > :56:04.either too complicated or too good for church. We are surrounded in
:56:05. > :56:22.here. What feelings did you have coming
:56:23. > :56:27.into it? One of your predecessors did say I don't want to be the
:56:28. > :56:31.George Lazenby of Doctor Who. Did you have that worry? You don't want
:56:32. > :56:36.to be the person who breaks Doctor Who. I would ring my dad in the
:56:37. > :56:40.evening and say dad what am I going to do, I don't know how to get hold
:56:41. > :56:45.of this language, I don't know what I am doing. I just feel like I am
:56:46. > :56:53.flailing here and he would say keep going. I believe in you, keep going.
:56:54. > :57:01.To me it is a wonderful part, but it is like TV hamlet in that it has to
:57:02. > :57:05.be your version and it can't be an impersonation or reinterpretation
:57:06. > :57:15.because we have seen Hamlet done and the Doctor done. Is this world
:57:16. > :57:17.protected? You are not the first Doctor to have come here, there have
:57:18. > :57:35.been so many. What you Could Doctor Who die? Yes, of course
:57:36. > :57:39.he could. Because it is said in Who folklore, after 12, coming into 13 s
:57:40. > :57:46.the Doctor can no longer regenerate, that is it. The number is up. Either
:57:47. > :57:50.the B BC pull one of their great shows or they invent something where
:57:51. > :57:58.he can. Which is I suspect what they will do. Please welcome the 12th
:57:59. > :58:11.doctor, a hero for a whole new generation, it's Peter Capaldi.
:58:12. > :58:16.Doctor Who is celebrating its half century but that doesn't mean to say
:58:17. > :58:21.there won't be more wilderness years to come. One day it will fall from
:58:22. > :58:25.fashion and favour. But I have a prediction: It will always come back
:58:26. > :58:30.and the people who will produce it and write its stories, their kids
:58:31. > :58:35.right now, kids hiding behind the sofa from the daleks and weeping
:58:36. > :58:40.angels and the future Doctor Who is out there now, maybe even watching
:58:41. > :58:43.this. Well, whoever she is, whoever you are, I know you are going to be
:58:44. > :58:48.amazing.