:00:20. > :00:30.Hello and welcome to the one show. The Best of Britain. Another chance
:00:30. > :00:38.
:00:38. > :00:43.for you to see some of our We're in the Lake District,
:00:43. > :00:48.alongside Wastwater, a lake that is three miles long, half a mile wide
:00:48. > :00:56.and 76 metres deep. The deepest in England. These mountains were made
:00:56. > :01:01.of volcanic rock, formed in huge eruptions 500 million years ago.
:01:01. > :01:06.There are lots of different types of rock here, which makes it an
:01:06. > :01:13.ideal place for mining and there is evidence it has been going on since
:01:13. > :01:18.the 12th century. Dan Snow has been in a mine that is even older. Much
:01:18. > :01:22.older. Great Orme head in clad dud know. Here is the largest Bronze
:01:22. > :01:26.Age copper mine in the world. 20 years ago if you had come here you
:01:26. > :01:33.would have seen a hillside covered in grass. The Victorians used to
:01:33. > :01:41.mine here and covered the area with spoil. Then archaeologists were
:01:41. > :01:48.exploring the Victorian mines and came across a network of Bronze Age
:01:48. > :01:54.tunnels. And I'm about to explore. Nick was part of team who first
:01:54. > :02:02.excavated the mine in 1987. He is going to give me a tour. Get the
:02:02. > :02:07.light on here! Pretty narrow. find some narrow passages here.
:02:07. > :02:17.This is a good place to look at what they were mining. If you look
:02:17. > :02:19.
:02:19. > :02:26.at the wall, this is copper ore. It followed this vain and hammered
:02:26. > :02:32.away. It is like a gold rush, like finding gold today. Nick is taking
:02:32. > :02:38.me into an area where the public aren't allowed. Over three miles of
:02:38. > :02:44.tunnel have been discovered. Nick believes there are many more. It is
:02:44. > :02:49.an amazing feat of engineering, considering the tools they had.
:02:49. > :02:54.thin is these are where they were left. This is one of about 2,000
:02:54. > :02:59.stone hammers that we found. They are beach stones. They found the
:02:59. > :03:04.stones that were of harder rock types to the limestone and used
:03:04. > :03:10.them to hammer away at the rock. This is a rib bone from a cow.
:03:10. > :03:14.Around 35,000 of these have been found. The end is nicely rounded
:03:14. > :03:21.and worn. That tell us these have been used as tools. A great place
:03:21. > :03:30.to stop. If we look up, there are markings we can see. These are bone
:03:30. > :03:40.tool marks. Somebody has sat here chipping away at the rock. It looks
:03:40. > :03:42.
:03:42. > :03:47.so blunt. It is a bit awkward. nice spot for lunch. Have you
:03:47. > :03:57.brought your sandwiches? Yes. Thanks for the warning on the
:03:57. > :04:03.
:04:03. > :04:09.Tupperware box. That is mine. These are narrow. I'm one of the first
:04:09. > :04:18.people to crawl through this tunnel in over 3,000 years. I think I'm
:04:18. > :04:21.going the make it. That is one of the scariest things I have done.
:04:21. > :04:26.is incredible, to think people worked in these conditions. If you
:04:26. > :04:31.think that tunnel was narrow. Look at the one here. We haven't
:04:31. > :04:35.excavated that tunnel. It is about 20 centimetres wide. It is tiny.
:04:35. > :04:39.Yes, we don't know about the people who worked here, when we look at
:04:39. > :04:43.something like that, it gives us an idea that it would have been young
:04:43. > :04:48.children working down here. You only have to go back 160 years and
:04:48. > :04:56.five and six-year-old children were working in mines. And this is what
:04:56. > :05:05.it is about, copper ore, they have got plenty of it out the mine. But
:05:05. > :05:10.the trick is turning it into bronze. Eric demonstrates how 3,000 years
:05:10. > :05:19.ago this was turned into bronze. The copper is mixed with tin and
:05:19. > :05:26.heated to 1,100 degrees centigrade. When the metals melt, they are
:05:26. > :05:32.poured into an arrowhead mould. you have got to finish shaping it,
:05:32. > :05:42.sharpening it. I have learned how to get this ore out of mine and
:05:42. > :05:46.turn it into bronze. That is a revolution for thus Hoffe -- for
:05:46. > :05:51.thousand of years people has been using stones and then this came and
:05:51. > :05:57.nothing was ever the same again. I'm not sure I would like to be in
:05:57. > :06:03.those deep tunnels. I did some potholing once, horrible, narrow
:06:03. > :06:08.places. Claustrophobic. I prefer to be here. With Wastwater, all that
:06:08. > :06:12.walking, it is a tremendous place. There are loads of paths, but you
:06:12. > :06:16.require a lot of stamina and it should be left to the experienced
:06:16. > :06:25.hiker. But you come across unexpected thins. Yes like this
:06:25. > :06:35.church here. St Olaf's Church was built by the Vikings, the original
:06:35. > :06:39.inhabitants of Wast -- Wast dale. St Olaf converted to Christianty in
:06:39. > :06:44.England. Its surrounded by trees and another Viking fashion, the
:06:44. > :06:50.stone wall. The church is believed to be the smallest in England. The
:06:50. > :06:56.stained glass window at the back shows a memorial to the members of
:06:56. > :07:01.the rock climbing club who lost their lives in world 1-1. The main
:07:01. > :07:05.beam is from a Viking long boat. That is surprising, but as
:07:05. > :07:13.surprising as coming across the One Show special hair dresser, Michael
:07:13. > :07:19.Douglas. Today I'm filming on my own doorstep in Hertfordshire. I
:07:19. > :07:28.like to think I know this area well. Of course they say I'm a local now.
:07:28. > :07:36.But what I never knew about St Albans, it is the UK led quarters
:07:36. > :07:42.or naturists. I can't wait. How long have you been here? I'm 82 now.
:07:42. > :07:47.I was here in the early 60s. I built a bungalow here. People come
:07:48. > :07:57.still wearing clothes, are you annoyed? Yes it irritates me.
:07:58. > :07:57.
:07:58. > :08:07.Thoughts it might. -- I thought it might. This is David. What lovely
:08:08. > :08:08.
:08:08. > :08:15.long hair he has got. Are you ready? Oh yes. There we do. --
:08:15. > :08:21.there we go. Why did you get into this? I'm not quite sure. If it is
:08:21. > :08:25.cold, people just keep their clothes on. We get, we stay warm.
:08:25. > :08:30.It is nice to swim and sun bathe. But the rest of the time people are
:08:30. > :08:36.dressed. The first time you go swimming with nothing on you will
:08:36. > :08:41.be converted. And we would be your local club. We have 30 houses where
:08:41. > :08:47.people live and another 30 where people stay for the summer. The big
:08:47. > :08:56.rool you must follow is to put a towel on a seat before you sit down.
:08:56. > :09:02.Careful where you look, don't stare. Make eye contact at all times?
:09:02. > :09:07.take a look. Quite different isn't it? Yes. Thank you very much.
:09:07. > :09:13.a pleasure. Turn around Rett's have a look. -- let's have a little look.
:09:13. > :09:19.You could do with a trim. I think it looks fine. It needs a tweak.
:09:19. > :09:27.I'm not sure. They all say that. Yvonne, we're going to chop her
:09:27. > :09:35.hair. Have you ever had your hair cut naked? No. Why have you come?
:09:35. > :09:40.To go swimming naked. I feel weird wearing clothes. Is that your
:09:40. > :09:46.husband? Yes. How long has he done its for. He has been naked since
:09:46. > :09:56.the day he was born. He has never gots over its. He just loves it. I
:09:56. > :10:00.
:10:00. > :10:06.think we're done. Take a look. wow. That is nice. A pleasure.
:10:06. > :10:16.Hello Sir. How are you doing? I believe somebody said you need a
:10:16. > :10:21.beard trim? Blimey you do need a beard trim! This is Beverley,
:10:21. > :10:26.lovely long hair. You were born here My grandfather started the
:10:26. > :10:30.club. When was that? In the 30s. What was it like here as a child.
:10:30. > :10:35.It was fabulous. We have the run of the place. Our back garden was this
:10:35. > :10:39.whole club. Did you reach an age where you felt you didn't want to
:10:39. > :10:43.the that? Not nay didn't want to do it. I was the oldest of children
:10:43. > :10:48.here. One summer I was a girl and the next summer I wasn't quite a
:10:48. > :10:53.girl and that was an uncomfortable transition, because the younger
:10:53. > :11:01.kids noticed. But after I told them to shut up, they got on with it.
:11:01. > :11:06.think we're finished. It is looking nice. Take a look. That is lovely.
:11:06. > :11:13.It is days like today that I love what I do. I pleat new people,
:11:13. > :11:23.experience their way of life and make some new friends and and then
:11:23. > :11:28.take up a hobby as a result. I have got to give it a go! I could do
:11:28. > :11:36.with a hair cut. Will you stop fussing about your hair. It is
:11:36. > :11:40.quiet here. You can let your hair down. Beyond the lake are the
:11:40. > :11:48.mountains. There noise better way to take in the views of -- there is
:11:48. > :11:55.no better way to take in the views. William Wordsworth described Wast
:11:55. > :12:03.water as long, stern and desolate. And it remains peaceful. Can wander
:12:03. > :12:13.for miles without passing a soul. You might pass the next buddie
:12:13. > :12:16.
:12:16. > :12:21.Wordsworth, or an ambitious hiker. The next -- it is an established
:12:21. > :12:31.place for mountain ears. But mostly it is just an incredibly beautiful
:12:31. > :12:37.
:12:37. > :12:42.It is very peaceful. This is part of a quiet Labours policy. You're
:12:42. > :12:47.not allowed to have a sailing boat on this lake. Let alone a power
:12:47. > :12:55.boat. So beautiful. During the war, children were evacuated here,
:12:55. > :13:01.because it was peaceful, to get them from the blitz. The only way
:13:01. > :13:07.families could keep kablgt was by letters. It was not only kids.
:13:07. > :13:15.Fishermen from Denmark, some of the Danish fleets came and spent the
:13:15. > :13:21.war fishing off Whitehaven. Amazing. Now I was honoured to meet an
:13:21. > :13:30.evacuee in what she called her second home. Have a look. 19 39,
:13:30. > :13:34.war was to be declared. Britain braced itself for air raids and the
:13:34. > :13:40.Government decided to evacuate children aged four to 14 from
:13:40. > :13:49.cities most at risk. Code named operation Pied Piper, the
:13:50. > :13:53.evacuation was traumatic. Parents sobbed as 1.5 million children were
:13:53. > :13:58.evacuated. Two thirds of the children from evacuation areas such
:13:58. > :14:04.as London, mafplts and Liverpool, joined the -- Manchester and
:14:04. > :14:09.Liverpool joined in. Carrying only a suits case and gas mask, they
:14:09. > :14:14.were transported far away. Many have memories of being separated
:14:14. > :14:18.from loved ones and being mistreated. But for others it was a
:14:18. > :14:28.great adventure and some found a different life from the one they
:14:28. > :14:29.
:14:29. > :14:34.had left behind. Dorothy Young is retracing the steps she took 70
:14:34. > :14:44.years, ago a journey that changed her life forever. Aged just four,
:14:44. > :14:45.
:14:45. > :14:49.she and her sister were brought to Camrose in Wales and billeted with
:14:49. > :14:54.total strangers. I still get butterflies when I come here. It is
:14:54. > :15:00.like coming home. The The farm is still in the family and run by the
:15:00. > :15:10.Toms's daughter in law and grand daughter. Dorothy's a regular
:15:10. > :15:11.
:15:11. > :15:15.It's beautiful here, but what is it like, really, having Dorothy come
:15:15. > :15:20.every year?! She is like one of the family to us. She really is.
:15:20. > :15:24.Always welcome. The farmhouse has kept its
:15:24. > :15:29.frustrational feel. Dorothy still sleeps in the same room that she
:15:29. > :15:33.slept in as an evacuee. This is the exact room you stayed
:15:33. > :15:38.in? Yes, I would sleep here and June would sleep here.
:15:38. > :15:42.Did you miss your mum? I did miss her, but when Mrs Thomas tucked us
:15:42. > :15:47.up, I thought she was like mum again.
:15:47. > :15:51.Far from the terror of air raids, Dorothy spent five long years with
:15:51. > :15:56.her foster parents and grew to love her life in rural Wales.
:15:56. > :16:02.Mr Thomas would sit on the garden step there and he would make a
:16:02. > :16:04.flute out of a cane and cut it, so you could go... Mrs Thomas was
:16:05. > :16:09.baking. I would be mixing the butter.
:16:09. > :16:13.So you did things with them that a child would do with their parent?
:16:13. > :16:18.Yes. Was it hard for your mother? Did
:16:18. > :16:23.you have much contact with her? really. Only when she came down
:16:23. > :16:27.from the school holidays. Would you say that your real
:16:27. > :16:31.relationship with your parents deteriorated? Yes.
:16:31. > :16:37.You have lost the bond. By the end of the war, Dorothy
:16:37. > :16:41.faced the pros pent of returning to her real family, a mother and
:16:41. > :16:46.father she barely knew. 7 What was it like when you had to leave?
:16:46. > :16:53.Horrible. We had to go to the station. Mum came for us. We were
:16:53. > :16:59.all crying. Mrs Thomas said could Dorothy stay down here, could we
:16:59. > :17:04.adopt her, but mum said "no". What dour remember that day? Crying.
:17:04. > :17:09.Never stopped crying for ages. I wanted to come here.
:17:09. > :17:13.Dorothy returned to urban life, only to find her parent's
:17:13. > :17:20.relationship in ruins. When her mother and father split up, she was
:17:20. > :17:23.put in a children's home, but never forgot the Thomas's back in Wales.
:17:23. > :17:28.You should always remember the people that loved you. I wish they
:17:28. > :17:34.had been my parents. They were a lovely couple. Very caring people,
:17:34. > :17:40.but it was not to be. Operation Pied Piper was the
:17:40. > :17:45.biggest mass movement of people in British history it left deep
:17:45. > :17:55.psychological scars. The war had broken family bonds that were hard
:17:55. > :17:55.
:17:55. > :18:02.to restore, for many evacuees, things would never be the same.
:18:02. > :18:07.That's the One Show, though, isn't it, these extraordinary stories?
:18:07. > :18:11.Yes it was very emotional for me, but it was wonderful to see how the
:18:11. > :18:14.memories that they have have kept the bond so close.
:18:14. > :18:21.Memories is what my children have from the Lake District. We would
:18:21. > :18:28.come here for family holidays. They loved all of the wildlife. Thereare
:18:28. > :18:33.more sights of stpik interest in Cumbria than in any other county.
:18:33. > :18:36.The Lake District National Park have more species of red squirrel.
:18:36. > :18:41.Mike Dilger has been to the counterparty of Yorkshire to find
:18:41. > :18:48.out of a great way for us to help to protect our fury little red
:18:48. > :18:53.friends. There are two types of squirrels in
:18:54. > :18:59.the UK, the reds and the greys. I'm sure that many of you are aware of
:18:59. > :19:05.the devastating decline of the reds, they are now outnumbered 18 to 1 by
:19:05. > :19:09.their grey cousins. When it comes to protecting the remaining red
:19:09. > :19:15.squirrels, you might think it would be easy to tell the two apart, but
:19:15. > :19:21.ofttown is harder than you think. The north of England has been a red
:19:21. > :19:25.squirrel stronghold N 2005, 17 special sights were designated to
:19:25. > :19:29.protect and improve their habitat. I'm in the Yorkshire Dales National
:19:29. > :19:33.Park, to track down an endangered population that is not supposed to
:19:34. > :19:39.be here. Ian is the wildlife conservation
:19:39. > :19:45.officer. Ian, we are surrounded by the most
:19:45. > :19:51.beautiful scenery, but it is not difficult to forget that all of
:19:52. > :19:56.these were planted not long ago? Yes, they are stacked full of pine
:19:56. > :20:01.cones that provide the food source for the squirrels.
:20:01. > :20:06.But 99.9% of the Yorkshire Dales National Park is privatelyly owned.
:20:06. > :20:12.Spot be viable populations of red squirrels is difficult, but Ian has
:20:12. > :20:16.a trick up his sleeve. I had to admit, when you said you had
:20:16. > :20:21.special equipment for monitoring red squirrels, I did not expect
:20:21. > :20:27.this? This is it. A simple piece of equipment. We strap it like this
:20:27. > :20:32.with the food in the middle. The squirrels are inquisitive, there is
:20:32. > :20:38.a sticky pad, it helps to identify the species of squirrel that is
:20:38. > :20:42.visiting the sight when we look at the tape with the squirrel hair.
:20:42. > :20:47.Both red and grey squirrels have a range of colours in their coats. A
:20:47. > :20:52.single hair taken in isolation can be misleading, so for the first
:20:52. > :20:56.time in my life I'm off to visit a professional hair splitter.
:20:56. > :21:02.Looking at the hair, in the grey squirrel it is woven, but if you
:21:02. > :21:07.look at red, you don't see that, there are a multiple of height
:21:07. > :21:12.lights. It looks like there is a groove down the centre of each hair,
:21:12. > :21:17.that is so different? With a red squirrel hair it is not in the
:21:17. > :21:24.colour, it is in the groove. With proof that red squirrels were in
:21:24. > :21:28.Yorkshire, Ian's team have tried to teach what the London owners can do
:21:28. > :21:34.to help. My wife is a dedicated birdwatcher.
:21:34. > :21:39.When we got to the age of 60, we decided to convert the woods purely
:21:39. > :21:45.for bird life only. We were encouraged to bring back black
:21:45. > :21:48.gulls, they never appeared, but the food requirement of them and the
:21:48. > :21:53.red squirrels was identical, so we scored.
:21:53. > :21:56.And I can see one feeding on the feeder now. You can never get tired
:21:56. > :22:01.of watching that, can you? Not at all.
:22:02. > :22:06.With the help of Ian and his team of trap frers the National Park,
:22:07. > :22:11.they have managed to have this piece of land designated as a red
:22:11. > :22:17.squirrel preserve. It is amazing to think because of a
:22:17. > :22:22.piece of plastic tubing, sticky tape, this project has been a
:22:22. > :22:27.success. As a result one of Britain's most loved and iconic
:22:27. > :22:32.animals can call this part of Yorkshire well and truly home.
:22:32. > :22:36.Those squirrels were so cute, but you must be warned, they can be
:22:36. > :22:40.vicious! I will not let them have a go at our picnic.
:22:40. > :22:45.I love the spread. It is a typical Lake District
:22:45. > :22:49.picnic, how do you know that we know that? Because it is raining!
:22:49. > :22:54.Also, this is very Cumbrian. All of this baking that is going on. What
:22:54. > :23:00.we have here is we have a speciality from the Lake District,
:23:00. > :23:08.do you know what that is? Tell me. That is Kendal mint cake. If you
:23:08. > :23:11.are a mountaineer, you cannot go up mountains without it. Let me try it.
:23:11. > :23:19.That is good. John, do you know what I really,
:23:19. > :23:29.really fancy? An ice-cream. I'm talking cones, chocolate sauce,
:23:29. > :23:30.
:23:30. > :23:34.100s and thousandss and 99s! Cheshire town famous for Rolls-
:23:34. > :23:40.Royces and Bentleys, but also for a different form of transport. They
:23:40. > :23:44.are always getting me to drive things on the One Show, but this is
:23:44. > :23:54.special, really special. Forget trains, buses this is every child's
:23:54. > :23:55.
:23:55. > :24:01.dream, but I'm missing something, hold on... Welcome to Crewe! The
:24:01. > :24:05.ice-cream van capital of the world! From the Ukraine to the United
:24:05. > :24:11.States, these vans can be seen and heard. The tingling music, the
:24:11. > :24:16.excitement of the children, the ice-cream van is the universal Pied
:24:16. > :24:22.Piper and yes the Whitby family of Crewe to thank.
:24:22. > :24:29.-- and we have the Whitby family of Crewe to thank.
:24:29. > :24:32.Granddad built his first family of ice-cream vans in 1955. Now three
:24:32. > :24:39.generations of this family run the firm.
:24:39. > :24:43.I have the ambition to produce the Rolls-Royce of ice-cream vans.
:24:43. > :24:47.I didn't even think that Stuart would join me, let alone me
:24:48. > :24:50.grandson. Now we have three generations, it is far beyond my
:24:50. > :24:55.expectation. It must be difficult, though,
:24:55. > :25:00.sometimes, to work within the family? It is give and take, like
:25:00. > :25:09.in any situation. Ultimately, obviously with dad, he is the MD.
:25:09. > :25:14.Does he listen to you when it comes to working out your salary?
:25:14. > :25:19.Perhaps this is something to be discussed! Ice-cream vans started
:25:19. > :25:24.to appear at the beginning of the 20th century. By the late 1950s,
:25:24. > :25:29.there was a surge in the popularity. The trouble with the old ice-cream
:25:29. > :25:33.vans, the equipment was backed up by a generator and engine on board.
:25:33. > :25:39.It made them heavy and come better some. This company invented this.
:25:39. > :25:44.It is a drive that connects the engine to the ice-cream machine in
:25:44. > :25:50.the back of the van. Simple but efent -- effective.
:25:50. > :25:52.It was a eureka moment? You have cheaper vehicles and more able to
:25:52. > :25:56.go around the streets and things like that.
:25:56. > :26:01.Why didn't anyone else think of this? I don't know it was too
:26:01. > :26:06.simple, I think! This invention had a dramatic effect on the business.
:26:06. > :26:11.The new vans became the industry standard. Now00 of them are
:26:11. > :26:15.produced here each year. The key selling point for suss that
:26:15. > :26:23.what we Cyprus truly bespoke if you were orderen aring a van from us
:26:23. > :26:28.today, it would be a van for you. The company offers lots of styles
:26:28. > :26:32.for its worldwide customers, in Africa, South Africa, Hong Kong and
:26:32. > :26:37.the United States, but surprisingly, in Italy it was a hard sell.
:26:37. > :26:41.Italy is a surprise, really. Everybody think it is is the home
:26:41. > :26:46.of the Cornetto, but mobile ice- cream vans are in limited numbers
:26:46. > :26:51.there. They don't seem to grasp the concept of taking the ice-cream to
:26:51. > :26:56.the people. From modest beginnings to lovely
:26:56. > :27:03.old ones, ice-cream vans as far as the eye can see. My favourite, the
:27:03. > :27:09.Batman Special! Experts note that both Batman and robin have... 99S!
:27:09. > :27:14.But who gets the most fun to be Pied Piper? Well, need you ask?
:27:14. > :27:20.Right, well, do you want an ice- cream? Yes, please.
:27:20. > :27:26.Aisle agive you one, here we go. Oops, there we are. -- I'll give
:27:26. > :27:34.you an ice-cream, here we go. Oops, there we go.
:27:34. > :27:39.Pizza? You want a pizza, you can't have that! I've never been so