:00:17. > :00:18.Hello and welcome to The One Show with Alex Jones...
:00:19. > :00:31.As Private Eye editor and have I got News Hugh team captain our guest
:00:32. > :00:41.thrives on big stories. 2016 has been a struggle. He has had to deal
:00:42. > :00:47.with Brexit. Donald Trump winning the presidential election. A new
:00:48. > :00:55.Prime Minister. And these. Goodness me. There they are. How has he
:00:56. > :01:00.managed it? Let's find out, it's Ian Hislop.
:01:01. > :01:12.Nice to see you again. Rich pickings. Quite a dull year, we hack
:01:13. > :01:17.to make it up! Your favourite? We had two elections which we got
:01:18. > :01:21.completely wrong. We got the referendum completely wrong and
:01:22. > :01:25.Trump completely wrong and everybody in my business should be thinking
:01:26. > :01:29.probably Jeremy Corbyn for Prime Minister next. We have predicted
:01:30. > :01:35.nothing right so far and so the only thing to do is laugh, thank
:01:36. > :01:42.goodness. Before 2016, what was the most remarkable time? Bush- Tony
:01:43. > :01:48.Blair years. We had a US president then we assumed was rather stupid.
:01:49. > :01:57.Times have changed hugely! We were worried. George Bush saying
:01:58. > :02:03.countdown to war and he was counting down, ten, nine, seven, eight, five?
:02:04. > :02:08.Anyway, we are back to that sort of madness now and next year, we have
:02:09. > :02:16.President Trump and Prime Minister Theresa May, possibly. I mean, you
:02:17. > :02:22.know. We might get onto that later. Anything can happen, you don't know.
:02:23. > :02:25.We will look back at a turbulent year later on.
:02:26. > :02:27.First, though, a 2016 story that some may feel hasn't got
:02:28. > :02:30.the attention it deserves - the government's controversial
:02:31. > :02:33.new powers to gather information about all of us.
:02:34. > :02:37.Last night, Nick Wallis gave us a glimpse inside the government's
:02:38. > :02:39.secret communications centre, GCHQ, where all that
:02:40. > :02:57.Tonight he speaks to a senior man in charge who defends his department's
:02:58. > :03:01.work. GCHQ, Cheltenham. Inside what they call the Doughnut agents tackle
:03:02. > :03:05.cyber security and gather intelligence on behalf of the
:03:06. > :03:11.government. For the past 100 years the spy agency has had to stay ahead
:03:12. > :03:17.of the game when it comes to secure communications. It is our job to
:03:18. > :03:20.keep the communications of the Prime Minister and generals secure. This
:03:21. > :03:26.former analyst has seen a lot of change in his 33 years but says the
:03:27. > :03:37.techniques of the Enigma machine from World War II still apply. This
:03:38. > :03:44.is a device designed in 1926. If I press P, it gives me letter Z. Every
:03:45. > :03:49.time I press a key, it scrambles the letter and then will scramble it a
:03:50. > :03:54.different way next time I press it. This is the 21st-century equivalent.
:03:55. > :03:58.What is inside this mobile phone? Fundamentally some ring similar to
:03:59. > :04:03.what happens on this machine. They are kept secure by putting a device
:04:04. > :04:07.onto the machine that ensures speeches scrambled so anyone
:04:08. > :04:14.listening will simply hear white noise. As well as protecting
:04:15. > :04:19.government and military from hostile surveillance, GCHQ protects us from
:04:20. > :04:22.things such as terrorism, cyber attacks and child sexual
:04:23. > :04:26.exploitation. To find out more I will meet one of the big bosses,
:04:27. > :04:32.giving his first broadcast interview. Kieran Martin is the
:04:33. > :04:36.director-general of the newest branch, the national cyber security
:04:37. > :04:40.centre. You cannot talk in detail about them but give as an insight
:04:41. > :04:46.into the sorts of tasks people might carry out in this building? It could
:04:47. > :04:49.be locating a phone number of someone plotting a terrorist attack
:04:50. > :04:55.from abroad, working out a clever way to stop large-scale cyber
:04:56. > :05:00.attacks, for example people pretending to be HM Revenue and
:05:01. > :05:05.Customs. We have written code to stop that so instead of many
:05:06. > :05:12.thousands of e-mails being sent, none of those are being sent. The
:05:13. > :05:16.new investigatory Powers act gives UK intelligence agencies like GCHQ
:05:17. > :05:20.the most sweeping surveillance powers in the Western world and
:05:21. > :05:25.critics say it is a step too far, breaching our right to privacy. One
:05:26. > :05:30.thing people will want to know more than anything is are you able to
:05:31. > :05:35.hack into my e-mails and phone Advocate Mike internet browsing
:05:36. > :05:40.history? GCHQ does not look at everyone's e-mails. We have the
:05:41. > :05:45.power, when there is a threat, we can use bulk data to focus on that
:05:46. > :05:48.threat which means authorisation from a senior minister and judge and
:05:49. > :05:53.that is set out clearly in legislation. Are you a law unto
:05:54. > :06:00.yourselves with this new law? We absolutely are not. We are governed
:06:01. > :06:05.by one of the longest and most transparent and strictest
:06:06. > :06:11.legislation in the world and are subject to the rule of law. Nobody
:06:12. > :06:14.here is above the law. But classified information leaked by
:06:15. > :06:17.American whistle-blower Edward Snowden led to claims GCHQ has acted
:06:18. > :06:23.illegally by collecting massive amounts of data about millions of
:06:24. > :06:29.people'sonline activity. Has anything changed? The courts found
:06:30. > :06:34.in all cases and we have had a number of legal challenges, that our
:06:35. > :06:38.activity is lawful and none of the historical activity was not lawful.
:06:39. > :06:45.In two cases successive governments have not said enough about the way
:06:46. > :06:49.we operate it. What they said was we did not say enough about the way the
:06:50. > :06:54.system operated, that was all they said and we have fixed that through
:06:55. > :06:58.the publication of codes of conduct and there is other material in the
:06:59. > :07:02.public domain about what we do and why. What is it like to have the
:07:03. > :07:05.safety of the nation on your shoulders? I am beating a woman who
:07:06. > :07:13.manages analysts responsible for foiling terror plots. We cannot show
:07:14. > :07:17.her face the national security reasons. How stressful is it when
:07:18. > :07:22.you know we are facing a threat that could put lives at risk? We
:07:23. > :07:28.understand our jobs are on the front line. There is no escaping the fact
:07:29. > :07:33.it has consequences. How do you know you are making a difference? It can
:07:34. > :07:39.feel relentless beat you have moments when an operation goes well
:07:40. > :07:42.and in hideous act is averted or a worrying cyber attack is defended
:07:43. > :07:53.against and that is how we know. We know we are making a difference.
:07:54. > :07:58.International security expert and University of Warwick's Professor
:07:59. > :08:03.Richard Aldrich his here to explain more about GCHQ capabilities.
:08:04. > :08:09.Welcome. You have written a lot about the history of GCHQ. You know
:08:10. > :08:17.more than most what goes on inside. Can you shed more light on how they
:08:18. > :08:22.gather and analyse this data? GCHQ gathers intelligence by listening
:08:23. > :08:27.into telephone calls, reading e-mails. It gets a lot of
:08:28. > :08:33.intelligence from looking at who called who when, who accessed the
:08:34. > :08:39.internet when, and it can hack into people'scomputer. It can go into the
:08:40. > :08:43.back of your computer and change things inside the computer. It does
:08:44. > :08:48.these things and no less important is trying to prevent adverse is
:08:49. > :08:54.doing the same things to us. I'm sure the techniques are similar but
:08:55. > :08:59.this new law, what is happening now? What can GCHQ do now they could not
:09:00. > :09:05.a month ago? The new law is important and I take issue with
:09:06. > :09:09.Kieran Martin in the film. For 17 years GCHQ was in breach of article
:09:10. > :09:14.eight and not saying enough about what it was doing which meant if we
:09:15. > :09:18.had an issue with intelligence collection, it was quite difficult
:09:19. > :09:25.to seek redress. Is the point it is not a Secret Service? Exactly. It is
:09:26. > :09:31.secret but telling us enough now about what it is doing to comply
:09:32. > :09:37.with European legislation. The bill is tough on metadata, so it is quite
:09:38. > :09:41.easy for the authorities to get at that description of communications.
:09:42. > :09:48.There are half a million requests for that data. It is quite tough on
:09:49. > :09:53.encryption. We allowing krypton on phones but GCHQ has to be allowed a
:09:54. > :09:59.back door. The improvement is that judges now have to sign off on
:10:00. > :10:05.warrants, which is reassuring. As opposed to just the Home Secretary,
:10:06. > :10:09.a cabinet minister, say one was extremely rude about, could sign a
:10:10. > :10:13.warrant to look at my computer. I was very against, you would not be
:10:14. > :10:22.surprised to hear. With the new law, how does it affect you? Your ability
:10:23. > :10:27.to do your job? I think it makes journalism and investigative
:10:28. > :10:31.journalism harder because I do not think there are sufficient
:10:32. > :10:35.safeguards for journalistic sources. I have issues with the fact they
:10:36. > :10:40.have put into law what they were exposed as doing for the last 70
:10:41. > :10:45.years. They are saying, we doing it but it is illegal now. Every step
:10:46. > :10:50.that hat to be fought to get a judge to say you can target it, than
:10:51. > :10:54.saying, we will look at everything. We have been busy with Brexit, but
:10:55. > :10:59.essentially they are saying the fact you have done nothing wrong does not
:11:00. > :11:03.matter, we are looking at everything from everyone, which is different
:11:04. > :11:10.from saying we are looking at you and you. This is a new world and as
:11:11. > :11:14.far as privacy versus security, everybody wants to stay safe. Do you
:11:15. > :11:20.feel we have the right line at this point? The worrying thing about the
:11:21. > :11:24.line where we are is it is determined largely by technology and
:11:25. > :11:29.not by debate in Parliament. The line between liberty and security
:11:30. > :11:34.will probably determined by a 19-year-old maths undergraduate who
:11:35. > :11:39.has discovered some widget! That is how it will be determined because
:11:40. > :11:45.the debate in Parliament, most MPs don't really understand this stuff.
:11:46. > :11:52.We will have to leave it there. GCHQ have given you a Christmas present,
:11:53. > :12:04.Ian. This is their new puzzle book. Pit your wits against the people who
:12:05. > :12:13.cracked It -- cracked Enigma. It is for the charity Heads Together. Pop
:12:14. > :12:16.it on your desk. Hello. Theresa May? Straight through.
:12:17. > :12:19.It's inevitable that over Christmas there'll be plenty of films telling
:12:20. > :12:21.the story of Scrooge, so we thought we'd get
:12:22. > :12:25.Gyles takes us back in time to meet a very rich man,
:12:26. > :12:39.This is the story of a real-life Scrooge, a man of inordinate wealth
:12:40. > :12:45.whose team drove him to become a legendary miser. He was an American.
:12:46. > :12:49.John Paul Getty. He felt most at home in the land of Dickens. Today I
:12:50. > :13:00.am taking you on a journey to meet the ghosts of his past, present and
:13:01. > :13:05.future. That journey begins here, at Sutton Place in Surrey, where we
:13:06. > :13:09.have been given rare access by the current owner. Getty purchased it in
:13:10. > :13:15.1959 as headquarters for the Getty oil company. At the time he was the
:13:16. > :13:19.richest man in the world, having made his first million half a
:13:20. > :13:24.century earlier in the oilfields of Oklahoma at the age of 24. But the
:13:25. > :13:29.fires burned low in his day. He became infamous for his
:13:30. > :13:34.penny-pinching when he insisted visitors and staff use a payphone
:13:35. > :13:38.when staying under his roof. And that is not all, he stood by and let
:13:39. > :13:43.his mother-in-law's house be repossessed by the bank will stop
:13:44. > :13:51.after a life-saving operation for one of his sons, he could hold over
:13:52. > :13:55.the hospital bills. In 1963, Alan Wicker made a brutally honest
:13:56. > :13:59.documentary about Getty. Do you find shops expect you to be a big
:14:00. > :14:08.spender? I hope they don't, they might be disappointed! His
:14:09. > :14:14.biographer, and investigative journalist, Russell Miller, gathered
:14:15. > :14:17.eyewitness accounts. At one stage caught in the third son stayed at
:14:18. > :14:23.Sutton Place and was charged for his room. When his son came to stay at
:14:24. > :14:29.his father's house, the sun had to pay for bed and breakfast? Correct.
:14:30. > :14:35.Getty's relationship with his family was fraught and in 1970 31 event
:14:36. > :14:41.caused a crisis. His grandson Paul Getty was kidnapped with a ransom
:14:42. > :14:45.demand of $17 million. Getty refused to pay the ransom and in the end the
:14:46. > :14:51.boy's father was obliged to borrow the money from John Paul at an
:14:52. > :14:55.agreed rate of interest, 4%, I think it was. With a litany of miserly
:14:56. > :15:02.meanness, there is only one question to ask, why was he this way? I think
:15:03. > :15:05.it wanted his sons to join him in the business and the fact they
:15:06. > :15:10.didn't was a matter of grievous sorrow to him.
:15:11. > :15:21.There is a twisted to this tale worthy of Dickens himself. Getty,
:15:22. > :15:25.started to throw Christmas parties for local orphans and donated
:15:26. > :15:32.millions of dollars to art galleries and museums. His money was used for
:15:33. > :15:37.good. Even after his own demise, saving this sculpture, the three
:15:38. > :15:42.Graces from being sold overseas with ?1 million donation, securing its
:15:43. > :15:47.future in the UK along with Getty's legacy. But why this enormous,
:15:48. > :15:50.unexplained change. I think it is time I got inside the mind of
:15:51. > :15:57.someone who has made millions, millions and millions. The one Show
:15:58. > :16:01.has secured an exclusive interview with Sir Tom Hunter, a billionaire
:16:02. > :16:07.who made his money in retail and then decided to give it away. Maybe
:16:08. > :16:12.he has an idea. My dad was a local grocer. He used to say to me, this
:16:13. > :16:18.community pays all our wages and we take things out of it and we have
:16:19. > :16:23.got to put things back into it. Getty had everything but joy in his
:16:24. > :16:30.life, a chain he had forged himself. But it all this money couldn't buy
:16:31. > :16:35.happiness, what could? The biggest joy we get is when a philanthropic
:16:36. > :16:40.project works and that is the biggest high I have ever got in my
:16:41. > :16:43.life. It is great fun. Why would I leave it to someone else when I am
:16:44. > :16:52.dead to have all this fun, giving your money away. Nobody knows why
:16:53. > :16:54.Getty changed. PR stunt? Guilt? Maybe, he was visited by a ghost in
:16:55. > :17:06.the night? What a story. My dad was keen on
:17:07. > :17:13.installing a payphone when I was younger. Save a bit of cash. I can
:17:14. > :17:19.imagine why. She never shuts up on the old blower. Ian, it is your 30th
:17:20. > :17:26.year as editor. Is there nothing else you would rather be doing? Do
:17:27. > :17:31.you mean, have I ever been offered anything else? The answer is
:17:32. > :17:37.obviously no. 30 years ago, this country was run by a woman Prime
:17:38. > :17:40.Minister, a Tory, very little opposition, we had a mad American
:17:41. > :17:50.president. Things have changed so much! How varied my job is. You have
:17:51. > :17:59.in change, this is you in your third year. Look at you, there you are.
:18:00. > :18:04.And the great Peter Cook. How do you think you are better now as an
:18:05. > :18:08.editor when you were in the 80s? I have seen a lot more happen and that
:18:09. > :18:11.helps because you don't get surprised and you are less scared.
:18:12. > :18:18.It's a Moly says, this is the most dangerous thing something is, it
:18:19. > :18:24.probably isn't. Also you know more and you get an instinct for what
:18:25. > :18:30.might be funny. Having said that, you know, a lot of events this year
:18:31. > :18:37.came upon us a bit by surprise. Boris is still funny. He gets quite
:18:38. > :18:43.a ribbing in the new annual. So he should. He features a great deal
:18:44. > :18:49.because his views are both ways. Sometimes he is pro-Brexit,
:18:50. > :18:59.sometimes he is anti-Brexit. Sometimes he is on a bike, sometimes
:19:00. > :19:06.he is anti-bike. The mind boggles as to how you decide what to put in
:19:07. > :19:10.here? This was an amazing year, Brexit, Trump, the Olympics in the
:19:11. > :19:18.middle, Rupert Murdoch got married. Come on, let's be amused. There is
:19:19. > :19:22.any amount to choose from. I had to really hone it down to essentially
:19:23. > :19:27.do things that made me laugh. That was one of them. The absolute chaos
:19:28. > :19:32.in the middle of the year where we had this referendum and we didn't
:19:33. > :19:36.know who was in charge, everyone resigned. The people behind the
:19:37. > :19:42.league campaign, lit the fire and ranted. Theresa May, Boris or
:19:43. > :19:50.Michael Gove. No, they have all gone. That must come with its
:19:51. > :19:58.pressures as an editor. How low can you go. I have appointed Boris as
:19:59. > :20:02.Foreign Secretary. You imagine prime ministers as headteachers. You have
:20:03. > :20:07.a firm idea about the sort of head Theresa May would make? We have this
:20:08. > :20:13.running joke that the Tory party was a school that was run previously by
:20:14. > :20:17.a posh Atonio headmaster. Now we have a proper grammar school
:20:18. > :20:21.headmistress in. She is having no nonsense, you can see by the
:20:22. > :20:27.investigatory powers. Detention for everyone at all times. She just fell
:20:28. > :20:34.straight into the role, which was great. So Theresa May is in.
:20:35. > :20:40.Definitely, this annual is out now? It is out now. We will be quizzing
:20:41. > :20:46.you in a few minutes to see how good you are with fake news and detecting
:20:47. > :20:53.whether it is real or not? Fake news? Apparently Trump is president.
:20:54. > :20:54.That is true. Also we will be asking if children get too many presents at
:20:55. > :20:58.Christmas. In 2012, The One Show met
:20:59. > :21:01.the British Para Orchestra, the world's first professional
:21:02. > :21:03.ensemble of disabled musicians. Now it seems they have
:21:04. > :21:05.a bit of competition. There are some new kids on the block
:21:06. > :21:17.and Richard Mainwaring Today, I am at Bristol Cathedral
:21:18. > :21:21.where 150 people are in last-minute preparations for a performance,
:21:22. > :21:26.which has at the centre of it, young, disabled musicians. Southwest
:21:27. > :21:32.youth Orchestra has brought together talented performers. Some play
:21:33. > :21:36.traditional entrance, but some use state-of-the-art technology. They
:21:37. > :21:41.have been in rehearsals for six months. This is their director. Has
:21:42. > :21:46.anything like this been done before? Not in the way that we put young,
:21:47. > :21:50.disabled musicians at the heart of the music, developing bespoke
:21:51. > :21:54.instruments with them. Bradley Warrick was one of the earliest
:21:55. > :21:59.members. He has cerebral palsy so he communicates through gazing
:22:00. > :22:04.technology and has instruments adapted for his needs. The orchestra
:22:05. > :22:08.has opened up a new world for him. I have made new friends and enjoy
:22:09. > :22:14.playing music together. I am happy my talent has been spotted. It has
:22:15. > :22:21.given me a purpose tonight music. Jackie is Bradley's carer. When I
:22:22. > :22:25.see him playing, it makes me so emotional, just to see him have the
:22:26. > :22:31.chance to play in an orchestra. I can see a big change in Bradley, it
:22:32. > :22:35.has made him much more confident. 12-year-old pianist Ashley is blind
:22:36. > :22:39.and on the autistic spectrum. Since she was a baby she has been battling
:22:40. > :22:45.against the odds. Stephen is her father. She was born at 24 weeks and
:22:46. > :22:51.in hospital for six months. She was a twin, but her twin brother didn't
:22:52. > :22:57.make it. From 18-month-old, she has been passionate about music, thanks
:22:58. > :23:00.in part to an incredible gift. She has perfect pitch. She only has to
:23:01. > :23:06.listen to a piece of music and she can pick out which pieces she can
:23:07. > :23:12.play on the piano. I am glad you are on that part. She can just learn
:23:13. > :23:19.those from listening? Yes, within five or ten minutes. Today they are
:23:20. > :23:24.playing a piece called Silver Rose beside a brass band and choir of
:23:25. > :23:30.100. Although the rehearsals have gone well, emotions are running
:23:31. > :23:36.high. I feel very nervous. I am sure Bradley doesn't, he is taking it all
:23:37. > :23:41.in his stride. Very excited. How will you feel like at the end of
:23:42. > :23:48.this performance? I will feel proud and relieved. We hope she enjoys it
:23:49. > :23:53.as well. That is the main thing. The atmosphere is buzzing. I can send a
:23:54. > :23:58.few nerves, but I have no doubt they will put on a stellar performance.
:23:59. > :23:59.After six months of rehearsals, the Orchestra are finally ready for
:24:00. > :24:58.their debut performance. Ashley, how did that feel to
:24:59. > :25:06.playback, was it great fun? Yes. Well done. Bradley, you were
:25:07. > :25:13.fantastic, how do you feel? I feel buzzing and out of this world. So
:25:14. > :25:21.you should. I feel proud Bradley, it was amazing.
:25:22. > :25:31.The orchestra are looking for new members and we have put the details
:25:32. > :25:41.on our website. It has been hard to bar to whether
:25:42. > :25:45.new stories have been fake or real. We have three stories, one is made
:25:46. > :25:50.up. You need to spot the odd one out. Let's go with the first one.
:25:51. > :26:04.Jeremy Hunt replaced foreign doctors with the Internet? Or... MC Hammer
:26:05. > :26:10.is afraid of hammers. Canada's immigration website crashes as Trump
:26:11. > :26:23.wins election. Which one is fake? I think the middle one is fake? No, MC
:26:24. > :26:27.Hammer is afraid of hammers. Let's go with the second one. Being
:26:28. > :26:35.president is a bigger job than I thought says Trump. Local man to
:26:36. > :26:39.front, don't know referendum campaign. Scottish politicians call
:26:40. > :26:48.for government action over changes to Toblerone is. Which is fake? That
:26:49. > :26:51.is right. We are out of time but we had a brilliant third one. I would
:26:52. > :26:54.have had that one wrong as well. Children's Christmas lists seem
:26:55. > :26:56.to be getting longer and longer, leading some to suggest
:26:57. > :26:58.we need a four-gift rule to This would mean they only get
:26:59. > :27:02.one thing they want, something they need,
:27:03. > :27:03.one thing to wear, That's up to Santa, of course,
:27:04. > :27:22.but what do parents think? Have you heard of the four gift
:27:23. > :27:25.rule? Yes, something to work, something to read, something they
:27:26. > :27:31.want and something they need. What do you think of it? They don't
:27:32. > :27:38.appreciate them. It is just another present. Do you just want for
:27:39. > :27:45.presence or a lot of presence? For presence. If you narrow it down to
:27:46. > :27:51.just for presence, they might treasure those. It is a good idea. I
:27:52. > :27:57.have two daughters, seven and ten and Christmas Day is a total frenzy.
:27:58. > :28:02.For presence would be great. Do we need something like a four gift
:28:03. > :28:06.rule. As a kid I was very spoiled and got lots of presents. I am from
:28:07. > :28:13.a big family and I was lucky kid. When you were a kid, what would you
:28:14. > :28:19.have thought if you only got for presence? I counted 30 71 Christmas.
:28:20. > :28:34.The whole front room was covered in wrapping paper. It was always
:28:35. > :28:37.something to build. Christmas Day, and not having built a radio
:28:38. > :28:48.controlled car for many years, I love that. Is it too many gifts? No,
:28:49. > :28:52.because it's just December. We should make children give up some of
:28:53. > :28:55.their toys before they opened the new toys. They don't play with
:28:56. > :29:01.everything and that Christmas, there are lots of children, donate to the
:29:02. > :29:06.charity shops, other children get the joy from them and they can play
:29:07. > :29:10.with the new stuff. A few people here are open to the idea of the
:29:11. > :29:12.four gift rule, but in the end it only matters what one man thinks.
:29:13. > :29:21.What would Father Christmas do? A very good point, a lot of our
:29:22. > :29:23.younger viewers will be hoping Santa doesn't watch the one Show. He
:29:24. > :29:27.watches everything. Thanks to Ian, the Private Eye
:29:28. > :29:29.2016 Annual is out now. Tomorrow we'll be here
:29:30. > :29:32.with Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis and Carl Perkins,
:29:33. > :29:34.what a great line up, They're joined by Martin
:29:35. > :29:39.Kemp and Alan Davies. MUSIC: Beyond The Sea
:29:40. > :29:51.by Bobby Darin