:00:21. > :00:26.Hello and welcome to The One Show with Matt Baker. And we have
:00:26. > :00:33.insisted that Alex takes the day of, so Anita Rani is here. Shower we
:00:33. > :00:37.explain why we are wearing this bizarre jumper -- shall we explain?
:00:37. > :00:40.It is incredibly fashionable when you have the undisputed king of the
:00:40. > :00:46.jumpers as your best, you want to make a good impression! John
:00:46. > :00:52.Craven! Body think of this? I have never won anything like that --
:00:52. > :00:56.what do you think of this. I have never won anything like this. I
:00:56. > :01:01.think it is because I was the first news reader anywhere in the world
:01:01. > :01:05.not to wear a suit. I didn't sit behind a desk, I perched in front
:01:05. > :01:09.of it wearing casual clothes. it a conscious decision to go from
:01:09. > :01:17.the jumper? I did not want children to think they were back at school
:01:17. > :01:23.again, listening to a teacher, so we were as casual as past ball. --
:01:23. > :01:33.past -- possible. There is a myth that you have a bold of jumpers.
:01:33. > :01:39.To I managed to go through all of my career without wearing a suit.
:01:39. > :01:43.Now they are much more refined, country types. His jumpers maybe
:01:43. > :01:47.legendary, but we know there are a lot more out there. If you are the
:01:47. > :01:53.owner of an interesting jumper, please send as a photo of you
:01:53. > :01:56.wearing it. We will lead the king of jumpers pick his favourite.
:01:56. > :02:00.will also be talking to John about a new documentary that celebrates
:02:00. > :02:06.his remarkable 40 years in television. I feel ridiculous,
:02:06. > :02:10.presenting in this thing. I am quite enjoying it. As John has been
:02:10. > :02:14.presenting Countryfile for 20 years, he has seen the peaks and the
:02:14. > :02:18.troughs for a dairy farmers. these tough times, many farmers
:02:18. > :02:22.have been looking for alternative forms of revenue. One of these is
:02:23. > :02:28.selling unpasteurised, or raw milk. Not everyone wants to have it on
:02:28. > :02:33.their serial. Mick -- milk is the stuff we grew
:02:33. > :02:37.up on, packed with calcium and all sorts of vitamins. This lovely
:02:37. > :02:41.white liquid also has a dark side. So dark that it is actually illegal
:02:41. > :02:46.to sell this milk in Scotland and it is banned from being sold in
:02:46. > :02:52.supermarkets in the rest of the UK, because this is raw milk. Straight
:02:52. > :02:56.from the cow, which has an be unpasteurise. Since 1904, we have
:02:56. > :03:03.been he treating milk to kill pathogens and bacteria, past
:03:03. > :03:11.driving it to make it safe to drink. Some people -- past arising --
:03:11. > :03:16.I would not drink it myself, I would not give it to my children, I
:03:16. > :03:23.would hesitate to give it to my cats. Others believe it is milk at
:03:24. > :03:29.his best. Severe has been buying it from her local film for decades.
:03:29. > :03:34.have two -- four healthy children, my husband and I drink it, I have
:03:34. > :03:39.nothing to be concerned about at all. Rosie and Dave run a farm in
:03:39. > :03:45.Somerset with a herd of 160 Guernsey cows, which produced
:03:45. > :03:55.760,000 litres of milk per year. 10% of it, they sell to customers
:03:55. > :03:57.
:03:57. > :04:01.as raw milk. Time to put my skills It seems the cow has other ideas.
:04:01. > :04:05.Now, most of us drink pasteurised milk, collected a little bit more
:04:05. > :04:09.efficiently than this. But there are tens of thousands of people who
:04:09. > :04:14.like to drink raw milk, which can be bought from farmers in England,
:04:14. > :04:18.Wales and Northern Ireland to are licensed to sell it. It's not bad!
:04:18. > :04:22.What would you say to people who say, it should be banned, it is bad
:04:23. > :04:27.for you, you can catch infection, it is not worth humans taking the
:04:27. > :04:30.risk? I feel very strongly that they should be joys. It is a
:04:30. > :04:35.natural product. Mother Nature would not produce something to rear
:04:35. > :04:38.has a young that is harmful to health. A professor of Munich
:04:38. > :04:48.University up but or carried out a study which found that children who
:04:48. > :04:51.
:04:51. > :04:54.She would not recommend raw milk t children who had not built up an
:04:54. > :05:00.immunity at an early age. We have to be wary of adopting an attitude
:05:00. > :05:03.which says, I may be OK, I may not, I will take the risk. One study has
:05:03. > :05:07.shown that one in five samples of raw milk was contaminated with
:05:07. > :05:12.bacteria, including E-coli and salmonella. The Scottish ban on
:05:12. > :05:16.sales of raw cow's milk and cream was introduced in 1983, following
:05:16. > :05:20.milk related illnesses and 12 potentially associated deaths. We
:05:20. > :05:24.haven't actually had an outbreak of any kind of infection since 2002,
:05:24. > :05:27.that we can link to raw milk. want to make sure there are no
:05:27. > :05:31.outbreaks. The fact that they haven't been suggests we are doing
:05:31. > :05:35.something right. I would suggest that is in the main, people
:05:35. > :05:39.consuming pasteurised milk. doesn't the food standards agency
:05:39. > :05:42.call for a ban on raw milk across the rest of the UK? The controls
:05:42. > :05:48.there on the raw milk are there to try to minimise the future risk for
:05:48. > :05:52.those who choose to drink it. is confident her milk is safe. Are
:05:52. > :05:56.you not concern that something could come back to you? We go
:05:56. > :05:59.through a rigorous rolling testing system. We are trying to build our
:06:00. > :06:06.customer base, we are not going to kill them, we are growing this
:06:06. > :06:10.business. Raw milk. Nutritious, delicious, and safe to drink? Or a
:06:10. > :06:20.potential threat to your health? Unless you live in Scotland, the
:06:20. > :06:21.
:06:21. > :06:31.government is leaving that decision up to you.
:06:31. > :06:34.
:06:34. > :06:38.Can I join it the Countryfile bank now? I did actually tasted. I have
:06:38. > :06:43.tried it before, as a child in India. In rural India, buffaloes
:06:43. > :06:47.milk is quite common. It was very creamy. I have tasted it but I
:06:47. > :06:51.prefer not to drink it on a regular basis, because I think you are
:06:51. > :07:01.taking a risk. Pastor rise block gets rid of the box, so it is safe,
:07:01. > :07:13.
:07:13. > :07:19.but raw milk is not. -- Hall there are just over 100 farms
:07:19. > :07:24.in the country which produced raw milk. Every six months, checks are
:07:24. > :07:28.done. But some people want to drink it, some don't. We are now doing a
:07:28. > :07:33.live version of Countryfile. Farmers are telling me, they now
:07:33. > :07:36.sell them in a lot of these new farmers' markets in London, in
:07:36. > :07:41.affluent areas, where people who want to drink organic have the
:07:41. > :07:46.choice. There is concern that more and more bugs are getting into farm
:07:46. > :07:49.animals and that can be passed on in milk.
:07:49. > :07:54.Before Countryfile, John was the man who first brought the news to
:07:54. > :08:04.our Nations children on Newsround. It is about to celebrate its 40th
:08:04. > :08:08.
:08:08. > :08:14.anniversary. Lucy Siegle tells the Newsround, the iconic news bulletin
:08:15. > :08:18.for children, is soon to celebrate a landmark birthday. Hello. A hello.
:08:18. > :08:24.It would join a select band of shows, including Blue Peter and
:08:24. > :08:30.Coronation Street, that have dared on our TV set swerve a four decades.
:08:30. > :08:34.-- that have aired. On our TV sets for over four decades. What is the
:08:34. > :08:39.secret of the lasting success? Newsround was the first programme
:08:39. > :08:43.of its kind to explain well the thence to a younger audience, and
:08:43. > :08:47.it made the news accessible to millions of children.
:08:47. > :08:51.There would be a fun show on, then they would put John Craven on.
:08:51. > :08:56.takes its you seriously, it talks about things that are important, it
:08:56. > :09:01.doesn't talk down to them. It was done in a fun way. I remember space
:09:01. > :09:05.shuttles and pandas, most days. Today, it is a slickly run
:09:05. > :09:10.operation, but the show had much humbler beginnings, and in fact,
:09:10. > :09:14.nearly failed to make it to air. There were a lot of people who
:09:14. > :09:18.thought that the time of being a child was a golden time. And that
:09:18. > :09:24.it wasn't a time that they should be bothered about disasters, about
:09:24. > :09:30.war. We felt that if it was put in a way that they could understand,
:09:30. > :09:35.their way that they could come to terms with it. In early 1972, the
:09:35. > :09:39.show finally made it on air for a six-week trial. At the helm, BBC
:09:39. > :09:43.reporter John Craven. He had an understanding of what we were
:09:43. > :09:49.trying to do. Right from the very beginning. He was complicit with
:09:49. > :09:54.the idea. It is one of the best pieces of casting I did in the
:09:54. > :09:57.whole of my career in television. So as not to appear to like a
:09:58. > :10:03.teacher, John opted to sit in a more relaxed position at the front
:10:03. > :10:07.of the desk. There will be more details in the Six o'clock News.
:10:07. > :10:17.also bombarded us with an array of Cashel but colourful jumpers. But
:10:17. > :10:18.
:10:18. > :10:23.we forgive him, because his new From the assassination attempt on
:10:23. > :10:27.Pope John Paul II to the space shuttle Challenger exploding and
:10:27. > :10:30.even the Hungerford massacre, Newsround was the first to tell the
:10:30. > :10:36.story. And in such a way that children could come to terms with
:10:36. > :10:41.its meaning and impact. Seven people were killed and 10 were had
:10:41. > :10:45.as a man ran through the busy streets, shooting wildly. John
:10:45. > :10:49.Craven presented an impressive 3,000 bulletins over 17 years. When
:10:49. > :10:53.he left, new talent joined, some who have gone on to present the
:10:53. > :10:56.grown-up news. Everybody who work on it said it was the biggest
:10:56. > :11:00.learning experience of their life, because you ready had to understand
:11:00. > :11:04.the story. It taught t to think in pictures and right really simply
:11:05. > :11:08.and clearly. -- it taught you to think. It takes its audience
:11:08. > :11:11.absolutely seriously and thinks about them all the time.
:11:12. > :11:16.programme now inhabits a world of multiple channels and the internet,
:11:16. > :11:21.but it has adapted and a new generation is watching. The stories
:11:21. > :11:25.I like best are the ones about animals. I was going to say animals.
:11:25. > :11:30.I think the story could be improved if it covered more topics, and
:11:30. > :11:35.maybe if they made it a bit longer. It is hard to fit in that sort of
:11:35. > :11:39.news in five minutes. Haley told me why the show still has appeal for
:11:39. > :11:43.children, even today. I think News ran has managed to move with the
:11:43. > :11:47.times. It is very difficult -- different to how it was. We have
:11:47. > :11:50.more bulletins, it is more interactive. But I think the secret
:11:50. > :11:54.is that it is simple and entertaining, and that is what you
:11:54. > :12:03.need from these will stop at his or four today, see at the same time
:12:03. > :12:06.That took me back to my childhood, I love that! The one question we
:12:06. > :12:13.won the answer to, why did you have the phone on the desk and he was on
:12:13. > :12:16.the other end of it? We wanted to be up-to-date. But it didn't
:12:16. > :12:21.actually work, it wasn't connected to anything. If something went
:12:21. > :12:24.wrong, I had my earpiece anyway. I would hear from the director in the
:12:25. > :12:29.gallery. But I would pick the phone up, so I could actually talk to
:12:29. > :12:34.somebody. I would look a bit daft, talking to myself. I would pick the
:12:34. > :12:38.phone up. It did happen sometimes. In the very early days, we had a
:12:38. > :12:42.lot of trouble with videotape not been ready in time, because we were
:12:42. > :12:45.not used to put in a new show together. In my earpiece, the
:12:45. > :12:49.director would say, are you ready, videotape, and if you had a noise,
:12:49. > :12:54.it made it was ready, and if you heard another noise commitment it
:12:54. > :13:01.was not ready. We had to keep talking until it was ready. Do you
:13:01. > :13:05.miss those days? Oh, yes. They were wonderful days. I did about 3,000.
:13:05. > :13:11.You would fight for some stories. The Newsround would try to get
:13:11. > :13:14.bulletins before it went out. -- the news room would. We were the
:13:14. > :13:19.first television news bulletin of the day, in the early days. Some of
:13:19. > :13:23.the guys in the newsroom, if a big story broke, they would want to put
:13:23. > :13:27.a news flash in front of Newsround. I said, that will destroy my
:13:27. > :13:30.credibility. Eventually, we reached a compromise, where Newsround would
:13:30. > :13:35.break the story but a BBC correspondent would take over from
:13:35. > :13:42.me during the programme, to explain more details. Are there any stories
:13:42. > :13:45.you are ex -- particularly proud of? There are so many. I was proud
:13:45. > :13:50.that the very best of the BBC correspondents, John Humphrys,
:13:50. > :13:54.Martin Bell, were only too happy to do things for Newsround. Martin
:13:54. > :13:57.Bell was very surprised once. I asked him to do a piece in Vietnam
:13:57. > :14:01.about what it is like to be a small child in a village with the war
:14:01. > :14:05.going on. He eventually got around to doing me a piece and it was
:14:05. > :14:09.wonderful, simple, easy to understand. I think to Martin's
:14:09. > :14:14.great surprise, it was shown unchanged on the 9 o'clock News as
:14:14. > :14:21.well. Trevor McDonald has always claimed and finally, but it was you,
:14:21. > :14:29.wasn't it? Yes, I think so. I always wanted... Shall I just
:14:29. > :14:34.answer this? Is it working? Hello. He is doing really well. We have
:14:34. > :14:40.got to move on, John, deal or no deal? I was halfway through my
:14:40. > :14:45.story. We will let him at wrap up. So we were the first. I've always
:14:45. > :14:55.wanted to end on a cheerful note. On that note, it is cheerful, and
:14:55. > :14:56.
:14:56. > :15:00.If you are fed up with turkey for Christmas dinner every year, the
:15:00. > :15:05.aptly-named angler Jeremy Wade has an alternative for you. A Christmas
:15:05. > :15:09.is a time when most of us over- indulge, eating food specially
:15:09. > :15:14.prepared for the festive season. But for some, the Christmas Fair we
:15:14. > :15:22.are eating is changing. A rising number of people in the country
:15:22. > :15:27.will be feasting on one of these. A traditional Christmas carp. At
:15:27. > :15:31.least, it was traditional. Until the 19th century, cop was eaten in
:15:31. > :15:35.Britain not only at Christmas, but all year round. They were caught
:15:35. > :15:40.from local ponds. But then the people of Britain got an appetite
:15:40. > :15:44.for sea fish, and lost their taste for a bottom feeding river fish
:15:44. > :15:51.like carp. Like many in Britain, I have never seen carp as a food fish.
:15:51. > :15:55.For me, they are caught for sport and then returned to the water.
:15:55. > :15:58.Thanks to an increasing number of eastern Europeans now living in the
:15:59. > :16:03.UK, that trend is in reverse. With more and more people turning to
:16:03. > :16:08.Christmas carp. Typically, they are seen in Polish Delhi's, but
:16:08. > :16:12.increased demand means they are now being sold in British supermarkets.
:16:12. > :16:17.This year, one supermarket chain alone will be selling the fishing
:16:17. > :16:23.240 of its stores in the run-up to Christmas. But increased
:16:23. > :16:26.availability has not stopped poaching. While most people will be
:16:26. > :16:30.getting their festive fish from the supermarket or fishmonger this
:16:30. > :16:37.Christmas, some people have been illegally removing and eating carp
:16:37. > :16:40.from Britain's waterways. Nick Mays is a fisheries enforcement officer
:16:40. > :16:44.for the Environment Agency. He is one of a team of investigators
:16:44. > :16:49.whose work has led to the conviction of poachers stealing
:16:49. > :16:57.fish from Britain's waterways. have prosecuted three people
:16:57. > :17:01.recently for illegally removing fish from a river. We suspect they
:17:01. > :17:06.were being used to illegally stock another fishery. Is this on the
:17:06. > :17:11.increase? Definitely. It is a national problem. I only deal with
:17:11. > :17:15.one small part of Devon, but I have noticed an increase here. It is
:17:15. > :17:19.illegal to kill or remove any coarse fish living in a British
:17:20. > :17:23.river, apart from a few very small fish in certain circumstances. Some
:17:23. > :17:28.people believe the best way to stamp out the card poaching problem
:17:28. > :17:32.is to ensure that there is a ready supply. Last year, the UK fund
:17:32. > :17:39.nearly 200,000 tonnes of fish, but with world fish stocks in decline,
:17:39. > :17:43.we will need to increase farming by 2030 to keep up with demand. One
:17:43. > :17:48.man hoping to turn it around for car up and turn a profit at the
:17:48. > :17:55.same time is Jimmy Hepburn. He set up the UK's first carp Farm,
:17:55. > :18:00.producing specific fee for the table. For the last 20 years, we
:18:00. > :18:06.have not produced any more fish. So we will have to be farmers of fish
:18:06. > :18:15.rather than hunter-gatherers. That revolution is starting. Here is a
:18:15. > :18:19.common carp. Carp ingest mud from the river before they feed. This
:18:19. > :18:23.gives them an earthy taste which needs to be flushed out. They are
:18:23. > :18:30.placed in a tank for three days. As the clean water passes through
:18:30. > :18:35.their system, the mud is washed away, creating a nicer taste. And
:18:35. > :18:39.this Polish couple agree. They have eaten cop on Christmas Eve for as
:18:39. > :18:45.long as they can remember. The tradition in Poland is to bring the
:18:45. > :18:49.car up into the house alive. What happens to it then? Normally, my
:18:49. > :18:55.father would put it in a bath full of water. So for a few days, there
:18:55. > :18:58.is a fish swimming in the family Bath? Yes. In the past, carp was an
:18:58. > :19:04.expensive delicacy for punish people, so it became a treat they
:19:04. > :19:10.would only have at Christmas. To prepare it, she dusts the cup in
:19:10. > :19:14.dried vegetables and then Pam fries it. And now to get my first taste
:19:14. > :19:21.of this Christmas carp. To be honest, I am not looking forward to
:19:21. > :19:25.it. I have only had Cup once before in India. This is surprisingly
:19:25. > :19:30.pleasant. It might be an acquired taste for the British palate, but
:19:30. > :19:34.as a fish enthusiast, I go for carp over sprouts at Christmas any day.
:19:34. > :19:38.But if you are going to try Cup this year, make sure you get it
:19:38. > :19:43.from a reputable source, a supermarket or your local
:19:43. > :19:50.fishmonger. Whatever you do, don't take one out of the river.
:19:50. > :19:55.John, would carp be on the Christmas table? It is an awful
:19:55. > :19:59.taste. I would throw it back again. On Christmas Eve, there is a
:19:59. > :20:05.documentary coming celebrating 40 years of your TV career. Way you
:20:05. > :20:10.consulted as to what to have in there? No. Hopefully it will be a
:20:10. > :20:14.nice surprise. It will be like a Christmas present. I have been
:20:14. > :20:20.interviewed for it, but I do not know what will be in it. What would
:20:20. > :20:30.you put in it? Jon Culshaw does quite a good take-off of me. I bet
:20:30. > :20:34.he will be in there. He does do a very good impression.
:20:34. > :20:41.Hello again. On this special 20th anniversary of Countryfile, what
:20:41. > :20:51.better way to surprised John Craven than with another John Craven? John
:20:51. > :20:52.
:20:52. > :20:55.Craven went to find out more. you think he sounds like you?
:20:55. > :21:00.I was in Oxford Circus tube station a few months ago, and there was a
:21:00. > :21:05.tap on my shoulder and it was Jon Culshaw. He said, the last time I
:21:05. > :21:10.saw you, I was you! So in as we have got you here, alongside Matt,
:21:10. > :21:20.we thought we would have a Countryfile quiz. We will pitch you
:21:20. > :21:25.both head to head for this. Isn't she a beauty? Can I have 60 seconds
:21:25. > :21:31.on the clock, please. All the answers are from the Countryfile
:21:32. > :21:35.Handbook, which you wrote, John. So no pressure! De Jong, or what is
:21:35. > :21:41.the difference between a village and a hamlet? A village has to have
:21:41. > :21:48.a church. Correct. Matt, what is the name many in the countryside
:21:48. > :21:56.give to the first Sunday after the 12th day of Christmas? It is the
:21:56. > :22:04.start of the farming calendar year. You don't know? It is plough day.
:22:04. > :22:12.John, what is the modern definition of mutton? It is a lamb over two
:22:12. > :22:17.years old. Correct. Matt, what is unusual about biodynamic farming?
:22:17. > :22:20.You use phases of the moon. Correct. John, before the size of a maker
:22:21. > :22:26.was fixed, how was it first measured? It was how much a man
:22:26. > :22:36.with an ox could plough in a day. Correct. Matt, what is the name for
:22:36. > :22:36.
:22:36. > :22:44.a group of Turkey's? Is it a Wrafter? Yes! You were so close
:22:44. > :22:48.with ploughed day as well. It is the start of the farming calendar.
:22:48. > :22:53.Matt is so competitive. He has been stressing about this all afternoon.
:22:53. > :23:03.But you are still the young pup. You have the master sitting here.
:23:03. > :23:03.
:23:03. > :23:07.And I did write the book. Thank you very much. You can see The John
:23:07. > :23:12.Craven Years on Christmas Eve at 7pm on BBC Two. And Countryfile is
:23:12. > :23:18.on Sunday. Now, in the John Craven tradition,
:23:19. > :23:22.say "and finally". "and finally" these days, cataracts are
:23:22. > :23:25.relatively easy to fix, but the British surgeon who invented the
:23:25. > :23:29.procedure in the 1950s found it hard to convince colleagues it was
:23:29. > :23:36.safe. Dr Mark Porter explains how he got them to seek the error of
:23:36. > :23:40.their ways. Cataracts affect hundreds of
:23:40. > :23:45.thousands of Brits each year. Blurred vision, faded colours and
:23:45. > :23:47.dazzling glare from bright lights are a few of the symptoms. If left
:23:47. > :23:53.untreated, your site gets progressively worse and you can
:23:53. > :23:56.even go blind. These days, it is an easy condition to fix, and it is
:23:56. > :24:00.all down to a maverick British eye surgeon called Harold Ridley. And
:24:00. > :24:04.the 1950s, he pioneered a way of treating cataracts that has
:24:04. > :24:09.transformed the lives of millions around the world. To understand
:24:09. > :24:14.cataracts, we have to look deeper inside the eye. Behind our coloured
:24:14. > :24:19.iris is the lens, which sits at the front and focuses light on the
:24:19. > :24:23.retina at the back. The lens is mostly made up of protein and water.
:24:23. > :24:27.It is changes in the protein that makes it milky or opaque, and that
:24:27. > :24:32.is the cataract. It is like looking through frosted glass. In the UK,
:24:32. > :24:39.the majority of cataracts are down to ageing, but other causes include
:24:39. > :24:43.diabetes, I injuries and exposure to ultraviolet light. So a cataract
:24:43. > :24:47.is a clouding of the lens which cannot be reversed. To solve the
:24:47. > :24:52.problem, you have to remove the lens through a hole in the eye. But
:24:52. > :24:58.without lenses, our eyes can't focus. This was the challenge that
:24:58. > :25:01.Ridley took on. Until the 1950s, these were the only solution, thick
:25:01. > :25:06.magnifying glasses. Not only did they not look attractive, you still
:25:06. > :25:12.had blurred vision and distortion. Ridley was convinced there must be
:25:12. > :25:19.a better way of helping restore people's sight. Inspiration struck
:25:19. > :25:23.from a surprising source. The Spitfire plane. During World War II,
:25:23. > :25:28.Harold had operated on injured Spitfire pilots, and noticed
:25:28. > :25:32.something unusual. Slivers of this stuff, toughened plastic, were
:25:33. > :25:36.stuck in the eyes of Spitfire pilots. They were getting there
:25:36. > :25:39.when their canopies splintered under gunfire. Normally, the immune
:25:39. > :25:45.system rejects foreign bodies in the eye, but not in this case.
:25:45. > :25:49.Harold realised he was on to something. He teamed up with the
:25:49. > :25:52.optical scientist John Pike and developed an artificial lens made
:25:52. > :25:57.up of plastic. They called it the intraocular lens. The men kept
:25:57. > :26:01.quiet about their invention, though. Doctors at the time were opposed to
:26:01. > :26:06.inserting anything into the eye. Harold was flying in the face of
:26:06. > :26:11.medical opinion, and putting his career and reputation at risk. Here
:26:11. > :26:17.at St Thomas's Hospital in London, in 1950 he carried out of the first
:26:17. > :26:21.lens operation in secrecy. Professor David Pallister and is a
:26:21. > :26:27.consultant ophthalmologist at the hospital. He worked with Harold in
:26:27. > :26:33.the mid-70s. This is the Old Operating Theatre book from 1949-50.
:26:33. > :26:37.You can see Ridley did an operation called a lenticular graft. This was
:26:37. > :26:41.the first intraocular lens implant. We have some old instruments here
:26:41. > :26:46.which Ridley might have used himself. Very different from what
:26:47. > :26:49.we use today. Yes, they used an instrument like this to make the
:26:49. > :26:53.incision in the eye, which meant opening up half the eye to get the
:26:53. > :26:58.lens out. That incision can be smaller today because of the modern
:26:58. > :27:03.lens. Yes, the first lens Ridley used was large and rigid. This is
:27:03. > :27:08.the sort of lens we use these days. It is made of a special plastic
:27:08. > :27:12.which you can fold so that you can inject it down a tube into the eye
:27:12. > :27:16.without enlarging the incision. Although it was a brilliant concept,
:27:16. > :27:22.these early operations were not without problems. Harold managed to
:27:22. > :27:24.successfully implant the lenses, but they often slipped out of place.
:27:24. > :27:28.When word got out about the operations, Harold was criticised
:27:28. > :27:34.by his fellow eye surgeons, who believed he was putting patients at
:27:34. > :27:37.risk. But his more supportive colleagues persevered, and by the
:27:37. > :27:41.1980s, the tide had turned. Today the procedure is the most common
:27:41. > :27:45.surgical operation done in the Western world. In fact, Harold even
:27:45. > :27:49.had the surgery himself when he reached his eighties, proudly
:27:49. > :27:56.claiming he was the only man to have invented his own operation.
:27:56. > :27:59.Harold's vision for vision really was a medical breakthrough.
:27:59. > :28:09.Talking of visual feasts, we asked you to send in your interesting
:28:09. > :28:12.
:28:12. > :28:19.jumpers. I used to have one like that. I like this one. It is
:28:19. > :28:28.Shakira's friend's grandmother's jump-off. This one shows the entire
:28:28. > :28:33.Welsh alphabet. Pick a winner. That is your favourite. And you picked
:28:33. > :28:37.the winner in the Countryfile calendar. Before we go, many of you
:28:37. > :28:41.asked us what the weather has in store for the weekend. The Met
:28:41. > :28:44.Office have issued a red weather warning for storm-force winds of 80
:28:44. > :28:49.mph in central and southern Scotland tomorrow. Police check the
:28:49. > :28:55.latest forecasts. It has been a pleasure to have you on. The John