:00:19. > :00:26.Hello and welcome to the show. We are expecting good chat tonight,
:00:27. > :00:30.because it when it comes to television interviews, there is not
:00:31. > :00:33.much that this man does not know. For the last 22 years he has hosted
:00:34. > :00:37.one of the biggest talk shows in America. You know you are famous
:00:38. > :00:42.when a former President of the United States does this. It has
:00:43. > :00:46.changed my life, and I have broader painting for you. Did you paint
:00:47. > :01:02.that?! Please welcome Jay Leno! That is the
:01:03. > :01:07.largest studio audience I have ever seen for a major talk-show! Just
:01:08. > :01:10.looking back to that moment, you looked impressed, but what were you
:01:11. > :01:16.really thinking? I was totally surprised, I had no idea he had done
:01:17. > :01:19.that. It was very nice. And you could not even see the numbers! No,
:01:20. > :01:27.I was shocked, actually. could not even see the numbers! No,
:01:28. > :01:34.home, in my house. Is it in the toilet downstairs? No. We are really
:01:35. > :01:39.pleased that you are here, just off the plane. We were hearing that you
:01:40. > :01:45.have got some British heritage. My mother is from Scotland, she came
:01:46. > :01:48.here when she was a little girl, 11 years old, by herself. It was before
:01:49. > :01:56.the war, the depression was going on, and Mike Brand mother had gone
:01:57. > :02:00.off with another man, and my grandfather had six kids, just one
:02:01. > :02:02.too many. And they sent my mum to America, to live with an older
:02:03. > :02:08.sister. I think that America, to live with an older
:02:09. > :02:11.a comedian, because my mother always had this kind of sadness.
:02:12. > :02:16.a comedian, because my mother always looked over, she would always be...
:02:17. > :02:19.I always felt it was my duty to cheer her up. And I brought her back
:02:20. > :02:24.to Scotland, actually. She did not want to go. This was the most
:02:25. > :02:32.ridiculous reason as well. My dad was Italian, and very loud and
:02:33. > :02:35.outspoken, my mother was Scottish. She used to say, the worst thing to
:02:36. > :02:40.do is to bring attention to yourself. Well, obviously that did
:02:41. > :02:44.not work out. My father took my mother down to get her citizenship
:02:45. > :02:50.test, and you are allowed to get six questions wrong. If you get seven
:02:51. > :02:54.wrong, you fail. So, they take my mother down and she gets six
:02:55. > :02:58.questions wrong. The seventh question the judge asked my mother
:02:59. > :03:07.was, what is the constitution of the United States? And she said, it is a
:03:08. > :03:12.bold. The judge has said, I am sorry, you have failed. My father
:03:13. > :03:16.said, what are you talking about?! And they have this huge demand. The
:03:17. > :03:26.judge said, fine, you passed, just get out! 60 years to the day, I said
:03:27. > :03:29.to my mum, let's go back. She was so afraid that after my father had
:03:30. > :03:33.left, the judge had gone back and revoked her citizenship that she did
:03:34. > :03:38.not want to go and get a passport because she was scared to death that
:03:39. > :03:45.the judge actually did not approve it. So, finally, of course there was
:03:46. > :03:49.no problem. And we took her back. I am going to say, we are going to
:03:50. > :03:54.touch on your Scottish roots as the programme goes through. We have got
:03:55. > :03:56.a lot to get through tonight. And first up, we have a very unusual
:03:57. > :04:00.task for Joe first up, we have a very unusual
:04:01. > :04:07.have sent him to Belgium to take part in a riot. Water cannon have
:04:08. > :04:12.been used by police forces all over the world, but so far in the UK,
:04:13. > :04:14.only in Northern Ireland. Just over the Channel in Brussels, they have
:04:15. > :04:20.deployed them to disperse large crowds for arcades. It is tricky to
:04:21. > :04:25.know what to make of this. I have decided to put myself in the firing
:04:26. > :04:28.line. I'm going to take part in a Belgian police exercise which is
:04:29. > :04:35.going to put these water cannon into operation. Here at this fake
:04:36. > :04:40.village, they are going to simulate a riot. The police are using water
:04:41. > :04:42.cannon to break up a group of student police officers who are
:04:43. > :04:49.acting as troublemakers. This is it, an absolute beast. The water
:04:50. > :04:56.goes in at the back, the main engine is at the back, at the maintainer is
:04:57. > :05:00.here, it can hold 9000 litres. These cans can be used to add things to
:05:01. > :05:05.the water, Abbas Bray and paint, which is not legal in Belgium, but
:05:06. > :05:10.that is what it is therefore. -- spray. This commissioner is
:05:11. > :05:15.responsible for public order events in the Brussels police force. When
:05:16. > :05:21.do you use them? The best scenario is to use it as a last resort. If it
:05:22. > :05:25.happens sometimes, we use them in the beginning, and sometimes you can
:05:26. > :05:29.just use water as an element of deterrent. Water cannons can help
:05:30. > :05:37.deal with one specific element of the crowd. Brand-new, one of these
:05:38. > :05:43.bad boys can cost up to ?1 million. The man with his finger on the
:05:44. > :05:48.button today is this police inspector. Talk me through the
:05:49. > :05:55.equipment. This controls the cannon? Yes, left and right, up and
:05:56. > :06:00.down. And this green button starts it. It is a little bit like a
:06:01. > :06:08.computer game for you? Yes, but more dangerous. No water cannon will be
:06:09. > :06:12.aimed at anyone's face today or in any real situation in Belgium. It is
:06:13. > :06:16.too dangerous. There are even baskets of wood, basically
:06:17. > :06:22.simulating debris or other things the protesters could throw at the
:06:23. > :06:33.police. It is a very unusual scenario, but I am going to throw
:06:34. > :06:40.some wood at the police. It is incredibly intimidating, it is
:06:41. > :06:46.coming again. The cannon can deliver 18 litres of water a second, and at
:06:47. > :06:49.its maximum pressure, can knock people over and rip their clothes.
:06:50. > :06:54.It is not surprising that some people have been injured. As soon as
:06:55. > :07:00.they are turned on, people scatter, they do not want to be caught in
:07:01. > :07:04.it. It pushes people right back. And this is the whole point of these
:07:05. > :07:07.cannons. Look at the distance it is giving the police from the
:07:08. > :07:18.protesters. Nobody wants to be caught in the jet, including me!
:07:19. > :07:24.This guy over here has just got caught on the back by a water
:07:25. > :07:28.cannon. That just shows, even at low pressure, it really can have an
:07:29. > :07:34.effect, it really can hurt. It can cause injuries? Based on our
:07:35. > :07:41.experience, it has almost never caused serious injuries. Most police
:07:42. > :07:44.units will deprive themselves of using water cannon. They end up
:07:45. > :07:48.having a physical contact with demonstrators. So, there would be
:07:49. > :07:56.more violence if you did not have them? And less surgical work. Back
:07:57. > :07:58.home, Boris Johnson wants to buy three second-hand cannons from
:07:59. > :08:04.Germany for the Metropolitan Police, but first he needs the Home
:08:05. > :08:13.Secretary we will be keeping an eye on that whole decision. Not even
:08:14. > :08:18.dropped him! As we said, 22 years as the host of one of the biggest talk
:08:19. > :08:24.shows... And never hit with a water cannon once! I am proud of it! So,
:08:25. > :08:29.you did The Tonight Show for 22 years, and it is all about early
:08:30. > :08:37.evening over here in the UK, about seven o'clock, for the big shows.
:08:38. > :08:42.Now for you guys... Late-night shows, sun streaming in! Wider you
:08:43. > :08:48.think it is all about late nights in the states? Just people stay up
:08:49. > :08:51.later, I guess. The flag show originally was in New York City,
:08:52. > :08:56.which has always been a late-night town. People go out to eat dinner at
:08:57. > :09:00.nine o'clock at night, and then you get back home and you turn on the
:09:01. > :09:05.TV. The idea behind The Tonight Show was, the news in the States is on at
:09:06. > :09:09.11 o'clock, and then you can watch us make fun of the news. That is
:09:10. > :09:13.really what it is. You follow the stories of the day, take notes and
:09:14. > :09:20.have jokes on it. So it is very topical? Yes, you do it every single
:09:21. > :09:23.day. One of your most famous moments was the chat that you had with Hugh
:09:24. > :09:29.Grant, after the Divine Brown incident. Did you realise that that
:09:30. > :09:34.would be such a defining interview for you? The real credit goes to
:09:35. > :09:40.Hugh Grant. In the United States a specially, people have a huge
:09:41. > :09:51.entourage of press people and publicist and things. No, I do not
:09:52. > :09:56.have one! And Hugh Grant came in and said, go ahead, I am guilty, just
:09:57. > :10:00.ask me whatever you want. He could not have been more honest and
:10:01. > :10:05.forthright, so the credit goes to him. We had an ice skater on who had
:10:06. > :10:12.been in Playboy magazine, an Olympic skater, I Playboy called up, and we
:10:13. > :10:17.told them we were only putting her on because she was America's
:10:18. > :10:24.sweetheart. Right before the show, they said, we are not talking about
:10:25. > :10:30.the Playboy. She is only here because she is ice-skating naked,
:10:31. > :10:40.that is the only reason. Have you interviewed Bruce Willis? No, I was
:10:41. > :10:44.joking. But you stepped down in February and you had a very special
:10:45. > :10:50.message as a goodbye, and here it is. You have made a whole lot of
:10:51. > :10:55.jokes about me over the years, Jay, but I am not upset. I have decided
:10:56. > :11:04.to make you my new ambassador to Antarctica. He is a very good comic.
:11:05. > :11:12.Very good. Some of the other things do not work as well, but the comedy!
:11:13. > :11:14.But this is the interesting thing, because we talked about comedy
:11:15. > :11:22.earlier on, and is where you started, isn't it? I still do
:11:23. > :11:27.stand-up on the road quite a bit. I like being a stand-up. When you are
:11:28. > :11:34.on TV, you do not really know if something is funny. You get notes.
:11:35. > :11:38.We are not doing well with immature boys between 11 and 14, so can we
:11:39. > :11:43.have something for that audience... ? But when you go to a club,
:11:44. > :11:46.everybody buys a ticket, and all seats are filled, you know you are
:11:47. > :11:53.doing well. You never know on television. You do not really know.
:11:54. > :11:59.You just get this feedback from network. Well, apparently, this
:12:00. > :12:01.You just get this feedback from going very well tonight, Jay! Now,
:12:02. > :12:07.bearing in mind your Scottish heritage, we have got a bagpiper to
:12:08. > :12:13.introduce this neck film. He was a bit loud, so we have put him
:12:14. > :12:19.outside. Why do the Scottish always have to stay outside?! As well as
:12:20. > :12:23.being a bagpiper's favourite, Amazing Grace has been a staple of
:12:24. > :12:28.American culture for hundreds of years Ron be but surprisingly, its
:12:29. > :12:37.roots lie a bit closer to home. Here is the amazing Gyles with the story.
:12:38. > :12:41.Amazing Grace, and some of America's civil rights movement,
:12:42. > :12:46.protest song during the Vietnam War, and folk hymn sung throughout the
:12:47. > :12:51.world. Everybody knows it. So where did this world-famous hit come from,
:12:52. > :12:59.this potent anthem of social change? Where else but the sleepy
:13:00. > :13:05.Bucks parish of Olney? It was here in 1772 that the lyrics to Amazing
:13:06. > :13:09.Grace were written by preacher John Newton. But he had not been a devout
:13:10. > :13:17.man of God all his life. A former MP, Jonathan Aitken has written a
:13:18. > :13:19.man of God all his life. A former biography of Newton. He was a
:13:20. > :13:23.man of God all his life. A former wild young man who was violent, a
:13:24. > :13:28.blasphemer, which was a bad thing to be in those days, and he was a nasty
:13:29. > :13:37.piece of work. Eventually he ended up in Africa, and became a trade in
:13:38. > :13:41.slaves, with all the unpleasant and best deal behaviour which that trade
:13:42. > :13:42.implied, 1 million miles from being any sort of good
:13:43. > :13:48.implied, 1 million miles from being kind of guy we would expect
:13:49. > :13:51.implied, 1 million miles from being writing Amazing Grace? No, it was an
:13:52. > :13:56.incredibly unlikely vocation for him. Caught in a terrifying storm
:13:57. > :14:02.one day, Newton promised God he would mend his ways if he was spared
:14:03. > :14:05.death. It set him on a spiritual journey which transformed him into
:14:06. > :14:12.the hymn writing vicar of Olney. And here is Amazing Grace, written in
:14:13. > :14:18.this very room. Extraordinary. Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound,
:14:19. > :14:26.that saved a wretch like me. It is very personal, isn't it, it is
:14:27. > :14:28.autobiographical? Absolutely. People in the church very often call it a
:14:29. > :14:33.testimony. You in your time in the church very often call it a
:14:34. > :14:34.course have fallen from grace - does this ring bells with you as a
:14:35. > :14:39.consequence? Hugely. this ring bells with you as a
:14:40. > :14:44.prison, somebody sent me a book about Newton and I read it and
:14:45. > :14:49.immediately it struck a chord, Kos Newton had screwed up his life, but
:14:50. > :14:53.nevertheless, thanks to God 's grace had found a path of fulfilment and
:14:54. > :14:56.spiritual peace. And some of that was perhaps happening to me as well.
:14:57. > :15:04.And here is Newton's him, was perhaps happening to me as well.
:15:05. > :15:05.gospel choir, to the unattributed folk choose which it was paired with
:15:06. > :15:33.in America in the terrific. It really does have sold.
:15:34. > :15:39.It really does. Although Amazing Grace was not popular in England for
:15:40. > :15:45.at least 150 years after Newton died. The people who made it popular
:15:46. > :15:49.with the American black churches. But is extraordinary, when the words
:15:50. > :16:04.were written by a former slave trader. An extraordinary irony. Why
:16:05. > :16:11.did it become such an anthem? What is in it that makes it work 's it
:16:12. > :16:18.has a universal message about fresh starts, conquering life's disasters.
:16:19. > :16:31.So Amazing Grace is available for all,. Newton apologised for his part
:16:32. > :16:38.in the slave trade, and joined the campaign against it. He died in
:16:39. > :16:43.1807, the year Britain abolished slavery. Newton never heard Amazing
:16:44. > :16:48.Grace sung like this, which is a shame, because he never knew that
:16:49. > :16:54.his heartfelt tale of starting a new would one day be sung by million
:16:55. > :17:13.throughout the world. # Was blind, but now I see. #.
:17:14. > :17:19.Wasn't that beautiful? And you have got three other things that we might
:17:20. > :17:28.assume or American? I am going to test Jay on this. Baseball, is it
:17:29. > :17:43.American? That is as American as apple pie! Is it? Yes! No. It was
:17:44. > :17:46.stolen from us! 1749 was when we were playing it over here. The
:17:47. > :17:50.Prince of Wales played it. It did not reach you for 40 years. So you
:17:51. > :18:05.think American apple pie is American? Yes! No, it isn't. It is
:18:06. > :18:16.British. It is British and has been here King Richard. We had it before
:18:17. > :18:20.King Richard. Really? He was the first to eat the pie? You did not
:18:21. > :18:29.even get apples until the 18th century. One more. Blue jeans?
:18:30. > :18:48.American? Those are American as... Yes! It is international. Levi
:18:49. > :18:53.Strauss came from Bavaria, in Germany. It is a German American
:18:54. > :18:57.creation. He went to Germany with the cloth and then during the gold
:18:58. > :19:06.rush, he made those genes. Rock 'n' roll! That is English! American!
:19:07. > :19:11.Sorry, it is English. In the 1950s, we invented rock 'n' roll. As I said
:19:12. > :19:16.to you at the start, we have got a lot to get through. Thank you,
:19:17. > :19:25.Gyles. We are moving onto optical illusions. Like that last segment we
:19:26. > :19:28.just did. Here is one that could lead to a remarkable medical
:19:29. > :19:37.breakthrough. Over to Michael Mosley.
:19:38. > :19:40.Appearances can be deceptive. Optical illusions are fun, but they
:19:41. > :19:45.also reveal something interesting about how our brains work. We can
:19:46. > :19:52.even use them to deceive our brain about our body. This is a pretty
:19:53. > :19:56.good rubber hand, but can I really convince people that this hand is
:19:57. > :20:01.their hand? Let's see. A volunteer puts their arm close to the rubber
:20:02. > :20:06.hand. The partition means they can see the rubber hand, but not their
:20:07. > :20:10.real hand. I am going to try and persuade you that this hand belongs
:20:11. > :20:14.to you. I gently stroke their real hand and the same spot on the rubber
:20:15. > :20:22.hand. Soon, most people adopt the rubber hand. There is one way to
:20:23. > :20:27.test how strong the connection is. Time after time, this simple
:20:28. > :20:32.illusion works. Deeply odd, because it feels in the wrong place. That is
:20:33. > :20:37.weird. The illusion works because our brains tend to trust vision over
:20:38. > :20:43.other senses. Is your hand feeling OK? Yeah. My brain is a bit
:20:44. > :20:47.confused. If the brain can be deceived like this, can it also be
:20:48. > :20:52.tricked the other way, into alleviating pain? Well, illusions
:20:53. > :20:58.are being used to treat some very real medical conditions. Dr Jenny
:20:59. > :21:03.Lewis is a clinical occupational therapist in Bath. She is trialling
:21:04. > :21:08.a new technology that makes use of visual illusion is. We are creating
:21:09. > :21:13.a visual illusion which tricks your brain into thinking your hand is
:21:14. > :21:19.different to how it is. I am looking at an image of my hand created by a
:21:20. > :21:24.mixture of cameras and mirrors. Any move of my hand is replicated on the
:21:25. > :21:32.screen. Jenny gradually enlarges the image of my right hand. The
:21:33. > :21:37.on-screen changes are subtle, but have a surprising effect on my hand
:21:38. > :21:43.moved its. Now I would like you to do the same hand exercise again. How
:21:44. > :21:50.is it feeling? It feels less coordinated, harder to do. My right
:21:51. > :21:57.hand feels sluggish. Precision is diminished. Just as in the rubber
:21:58. > :22:00.hand experiment, my brain prioritises what it sees. Jenny
:22:01. > :22:06.thinks this visual illusion could be used to help treat patients with
:22:07. > :22:10.severe pain. We hope that would trick their brain into thinking the
:22:11. > :22:14.appearance of the hand is normal, and therefore have an influence on
:22:15. > :22:19.reducing pain and other symptoms. Mike is one of Jenny's patients.
:22:20. > :22:23.Following an accident, he developed complex regional pain syndrome,
:22:24. > :22:29.which leaves his right arm in agony. Looking at your right hand, how does
:22:30. > :22:35.that feel? Much heavier. It also feels really swollen. In relative,
:22:36. > :22:41.Mike's hand is not obviously swollen, but to him it feels much
:22:42. > :22:50.bigger. And the pain? Quite high. Really numb and aching, a pain that
:22:51. > :22:53.just drives you crazy. Scientists do not fully understand Mike's
:22:54. > :22:56.condition, but his pain might be caught by his brain misinterpreting
:22:57. > :23:02.information it receives from his senses. Jenny increased the size of
:23:03. > :23:09.the image of my hand, but with Mike, she will shrink it. Pins and needles
:23:10. > :23:16.are going off. And this has a profound effect. How are your hands
:23:17. > :23:24.feeling? Actually, in here, I feel really good. There is no pain and no
:23:25. > :23:27.heaviness. They are both exactly the same. Although the technology only
:23:28. > :23:33.works when Mike's hand is in the box, it is remarkable that a visual
:23:34. > :23:37.illusion can alleviate Mike's pain. By shrinking the image of Mike's
:23:38. > :23:40.hand, Jenny might be kicking his brain into saying his hand is
:23:41. > :23:45.normal, and this eases the pain, which offers Mike Hope for the
:23:46. > :23:50.future. It is early days, but you can see the potential. For me, it
:23:51. > :23:57.reinforces the power and mystery of the human brain. Extremely clever.
:23:58. > :24:01.The power of the mind is extraordinary. We are going to show
:24:02. > :24:05.you this picture, Jay. Is there anything wrong with this apart from
:24:06. > :24:17.it being upside down? No. It is quite handsome. Oh! I am America
:24:18. > :24:23.game again -- American again. Or English again! Now, as well as
:24:24. > :24:29.doing Or English again! Now, as well as
:24:30. > :24:30.tickled you, hasn't it? Your other passion in
:24:31. > :24:33.tickled you, hasn't it? Your other everybody how many you have got.
:24:34. > :24:40.There are a lot of cards. everybody how many you have got.
:24:41. > :24:44.128. -- cars. Many of those are English vehicles.
:24:45. > :24:50.128. -- cars. Many of those are that have brought you to Europe?
:24:51. > :24:53.Yeah, I will be joining a Jaguar in the Mille Miglia, which is a
:24:54. > :24:55.re-creation of a race that ended in 1957. It is 1000 miles around
:24:56. > :25:00.Italy. Stirling Moss is the 1957. It is 1000 miles around
:25:01. > :25:00.record-holder in perpetuity, because the race
:25:01. > :25:07.record-holder in perpetuity, because doubt anyone could match what he did
:25:08. > :25:11.back in the day. 57 people were killed over the years, so they said,
:25:12. > :25:22.no more racing. Now, we take these great classics and drive not at a
:25:23. > :25:27.breakneck pace, but it is a sort of rolling classic car show. You parked
:25:28. > :25:33.cars on the lawn, you see them in action, and it is great fun. And
:25:34. > :25:40.what a car you are doing it in. What car is your -- what year is your
:25:41. > :25:47.car? 1951. And there is a lovely story behind why you chose this car
:25:48. > :25:51.to do the race. Well, Jaguar was the king of sports cars. I was nine and
:25:52. > :25:59.riding my bike up the hill, and I saw this man polishing a 1950 car.
:26:00. > :26:02.When you have grown up in a small town in New England, nobody had
:26:03. > :26:07.sports cars. And I was staring at it, and he said, would you to sit in
:26:08. > :26:11.the car? This was back in the day, before all men were paedophiles. And
:26:12. > :26:15.I went and sat in the car, and he was quite nice to me. I thought he
:26:16. > :26:20.was 50 years old at the time, because I was nine. I told this
:26:21. > :26:24.story in a magazine article and then I got a letter from the guy. He is
:26:25. > :26:31.still around. I said, how old was he? He was only 12 when I was nine,
:26:32. > :26:38.but when I was nine, he seemed old! And he still had the car. So we went
:26:39. > :26:42.back and filmed the Jaguar. It is till parked in the same spot it was
:26:43. > :26:48.in 1960 when I first saw it. So I will recreate the drive in one of
:26:49. > :26:56.those. We wish you the best. Now, I need seven of these. I could
:26:57. > :27:01.do with six. But we heard that you only need five hours' sleep a night?
:27:02. > :27:05.I am not a big sleeper. Well, today is the BBC date of the body clock,
:27:06. > :27:11.so we sent an easy to get your tips for a good night's sleep.
:27:12. > :27:16.On average, we get asked under seven hours of sleep a night. Lack of
:27:17. > :27:20.sleep is linked to health issues ranging from heart disease, cancer
:27:21. > :27:26.and diabetes to memory loss. I have embedded myself into Croydon live to
:27:27. > :27:34.try and find out your secrets of getting a seriously good night's
:27:35. > :27:40.kip. Hello! If you could get a perfect night's sleep, what are your
:27:41. > :27:49.tips? Sleep on your own. Listen to soft music. Maybe not eating as late
:27:50. > :27:53.as some people may. I used to listen to Lionel Richie before I went to
:27:54. > :27:57.bed, but then it made the sad, so I had to change it to Spice Girls.
:27:58. > :28:02.What are your tips for when you do get a good night's sleep? I keep a
:28:03. > :28:07.journal. So I put all my thoughts into it before going to sleep. It
:28:08. > :28:10.does not help when children come into your bed every night like my
:28:11. > :28:18.daughter does. Should have sleeping clubs for worn out parents. Sorry,
:28:19. > :28:23.you go to sleep with your phone in your hand? Sometimes! When you are
:28:24. > :28:29.on the phone until three o'clock, you can't get a good night's sleep.
:28:30. > :28:33.Switch the phone off, put it down. What is the secret of a good
:28:34. > :28:43.night's sleep? The secret is separate beds. I sleep in Bromley
:28:44. > :28:46.and my wife sleeps in Croydon. Cheers, Lucy. We were talking about
:28:47. > :28:54.your Scottish heritage. You have been trying to play the bagpipes.
:28:55. > :29:05.Not trying! Here we go! That is beautiful! It is remarkable. That is
:29:06. > :29:08.all for tonight. Good luck to Jay in the Mille Miglia. Tomorrow, we are
:29:09. > :29:10.joined by Osman Pat, Stephen Mangan and pop incessant Rita Ora. See you
:29:11. > :29:13.then.