:00:24. > :00:29.Hello. Welcome to the One Show with Alex Jones. And Matt Baker. We're
:00:29. > :00:34.iness teemed company tonight. We are Lording it up with a down ton
:00:34. > :00:40.peer of the realm and a Walford Lady in Waiting. We booked a real-
:00:40. > :00:45.life butler. Colin, would you dot honours, please. Please welcome,
:00:45. > :00:55.Lord Fellowes of West Stafford and Miss Nina Wadia off the telly.
:00:55. > :00:56.
:00:56. > :01:06.APPLAUSE Ho do we get ourselves into these
:01:06. > :01:13.
:01:14. > :01:19.things? It would be nice if we had canapes. Julian, you've clearly met
:01:20. > :01:24.Colin before. He's a -- an important part of Highclere. It's a
:01:24. > :01:32.very big job. I have come across him before. As we'll be talking
:01:32. > :01:40.about, you've left or leaving EastEnders now? Would a period
:01:40. > :01:44.drama suit? What do you reckon? Have you brought your CV? I have!
:01:44. > :01:51.In just a few minutes, we've also got an exclusive look behind-the-
:01:51. > :01:56.scenes of the real Downton Abbey, Highclere castle, with their butler
:01:56. > :01:59.Colin, secret doors and all. With somebody else special who we will
:01:59. > :02:03.meet shortly. Winterwatch continues on BBC Two later. Through the power
:02:03. > :02:09.of this very special remote control, we can access - you're going to
:02:09. > :02:15.love this. I can't wait. We can love this. I can't wait. We can
:02:15. > :02:18.access their live cameras. There we go. Now these are two very young
:02:18. > :02:24.beavers. These are known as kits. We think that yes there you go,
:02:24. > :02:29.they may wake up. You can see one is actually, well, showing him in
:02:29. > :02:36.all his glory. You could always kick the box. That would wake them
:02:36. > :02:40.up. You're not a big fan of animals are you? Anything with more than
:02:40. > :02:44.two legs. Not even baby beavers. That is a little bit cute. Though I
:02:44. > :02:48.am in favour of shaking the box as well, I'm afraid. You'll be pleased
:02:48. > :02:54.to know we'll keep an eye on them throughout the night, then.
:02:54. > :02:57.can't wait never, can you? We'll see what else turns up.
:02:57. > :03:01.whatever you're having for tea tonight, we are guessing, if you've
:03:01. > :03:10.seen the news, that it's not burgers. Our very own food
:03:10. > :03:15.inspector, Matt Allright went to see what people thought. If you
:03:15. > :03:20.found out you had eaten a burger with horse meat in it, what would
:03:20. > :03:25.your reaction be to that? Would it be revulsion? Initial shock, and
:03:25. > :03:31.then I would wonder how it tasted. If it's horse meat, they were
:03:31. > :03:36.saying that some of the products which were beefburgers had pork as
:03:36. > :03:41.well. I'm not a pork eater. They muff tell the customers what is on
:03:41. > :03:47.the shelf. I have eaten, well, not a whole horse, I have eaten horse
:03:47. > :03:52.meat. Why did you find that acceptable? The same reason I find
:03:52. > :03:58.eating cows, lambs and all the other animals acceptable. It's a
:03:58. > :04:01.great source of protein. They're quite nice animals. People have a
:04:01. > :04:05.connection with horses like with dogs. Whether it's a cow, you don't
:04:05. > :04:09.have a connection with a cow. was to eat a horse, I might as well
:04:09. > :04:12.eat a dog. And a dog has a personality and I don't know what
:04:12. > :04:15.it is, it's just something I wouldn't do. The reason why you
:04:15. > :04:23.wouldn't eat the dog is the psychological connection with
:04:23. > :04:28.whatever the meat is. Recently been to Christmas market and had things
:04:28. > :04:32.like wild boar, spring bok, canning ree, how different is horse.
:04:32. > :04:38.there was horse meat in the supermarket, would you give it a
:04:38. > :04:43.go? 100%. We eat beef, lamb, pork, why not horses? Gosh. Matt, were
:04:43. > :04:47.you surprised by the public's reaction? I was surprised bit range
:04:47. > :04:51.of opinions. There was a chap there quite happy to give horse meat a go
:04:51. > :04:54.and then there were people who were disgusted. The common thread there,
:04:54. > :04:59.whether people were prepared to give horse meat a go or not was
:04:59. > :05:03.that they were disappointed to find out that there were things in their
:05:03. > :05:07.food that they didn't expect. They weren't clearly labelled. With all
:05:07. > :05:10.the guidelines and restrictions about the way we handle our food,
:05:10. > :05:15.this somehow has found its way onto the shelves. That's the worrying
:05:15. > :05:19.thing. That's the core question. It's not whether or not it's good
:05:19. > :05:23.to eat horse meat but that you should think you're buying beef and
:05:23. > :05:26.the fact is it's not pure. Absolutely. There are nations that
:05:26. > :05:30.eat horses. I'm not particularly anxious to do so myself. Clearly,
:05:30. > :05:34.it is a meat. Even with the distinction of companyed meat or
:05:34. > :05:37.whatever they call it, we eat rabbit. We have pet rabbits. It
:05:37. > :05:40.depends on the country. You can't tell people they're buying one
:05:41. > :05:45.thing and give them another. Exactly. We have to cover all bases
:05:45. > :05:48.here. It's not all beefburg thaerz we're talking about. There's a lot
:05:48. > :05:53.of British farmers worried about reputation. You even had burgers
:05:53. > :05:59.for your tea last night. Yes, we do. How do you feel if you found out
:05:59. > :06:05.there was horse in those burgers. Oh, my. I was taken by surprise. I
:06:05. > :06:09.would not be happy. I would not be happy. Going back to that point. It
:06:09. > :06:13.is just certain burgers. There are certain burgers from certain
:06:13. > :06:17.outlets which have proved a problem. And there is a widely available
:06:17. > :06:21.list of where they're coming from. If you have them, I mean it's your
:06:21. > :06:26.choice, you can take them back to the shop. They will give you a
:06:26. > :06:30.refund for those. That system is in place. How do you get your refund.
:06:30. > :06:34.You just test on them and discover they're horse meat. You don't have
:06:34. > :06:40.to test them yourself. There are specific brands which are affected.
:06:40. > :06:44.The shops have cleared the shelves of those items. Anything that comes
:06:44. > :06:47.back they'll give you your money. We mustn't be too provincial. The
:06:47. > :06:52.whole of the French nation eats horse meat and they all look pretty
:06:52. > :06:56.fit to me. But it's false advertising. You want to buy what
:06:56. > :07:00.it says on the packet. You've been doing the series Food Inspectors,
:07:00. > :07:04.are you surprised that a fast quantity of horse meat managed to
:07:04. > :07:08.get into the food chain? Again, we have to be clear, this is not a
:07:08. > :07:13.food hygiene risk as far as they tell us. This is not a problem to
:07:13. > :07:20.our health, but it is just raises questions. I've been to abattoirs.
:07:20. > :07:25.They are so strict about the way they handle meat. They have to be -
:07:25. > :07:31.there's so much paperwork associated with handling livestock.
:07:31. > :07:35.To -- for this to reach this stage, in one case a large proportion of
:07:35. > :07:41.horse meat in one product. Like nearly 30%. Yes. Matt, thank you
:07:41. > :07:51.very much. Food Inspectors is on later. Now down ton fans will know
:07:51. > :07:56.that head-buttler car ton for -- head butler carson has no time for
:07:56. > :08:00.any riff RAF. We got an exclusive insight to Highclere castle.
:08:00. > :08:06.I'd like to ipbtd deuce you to the biggest TV star in the world right
:08:06. > :08:16.now, yes it's Downton Abbey from hitd TV show, Downton Abbey. It
:08:16. > :08:24.
:08:24. > :08:29.turns out it's called Highclere Highclere castle near Newbury in
:08:29. > :08:36.Berkshire, it isn't just a film set. It is a real house, with a real
:08:36. > :08:39.family living here. Just like in Downton Abbey, they have a real
:08:39. > :08:46.butler called Colin Edwards. He's not called that in Downton Abbey.
:08:46. > :08:52.So the dining room. This is the state dining room. Before you eat,
:08:52. > :08:57.you have to polish the cutlery? it has been polished but we
:08:57. > :09:01.repolish it to take off all the fingerprints. Is this one of a few
:09:01. > :09:07.jobs that you do or, because it seems, when we watch Downton Abbey
:09:07. > :09:12.of course, there's a huge staff and they all have quite specific jobs.
:09:12. > :09:16.We tend to multitask. In the olden days there was a person to do every
:09:16. > :09:23.small job. One person would polish the cutlery. One person would wash
:09:23. > :09:26.it. But now, we have to do everything. There are two sides to
:09:26. > :09:30.Highclere, there's the very private side with the family. Then there's
:09:30. > :09:34.the very public side. It's the focus of attention around the globe
:09:34. > :09:37.now. The Americans are the main visitors. They're just over the
:09:37. > :09:41.moon. They're screaming when they come in. They just can't believe
:09:41. > :09:47.that they're going to see the actual inside of the house. The one
:09:47. > :09:52.thing I would like in my house is a system of bell pulls. Are they
:09:52. > :09:56.still working here? They're still here, they don't work. Just imagine
:09:56. > :10:00.you're down stairs and then you get ding, ding, ding and you've got to
:10:00. > :10:09.go. You get back and ding, ding, ding, the ladyship wants you. Then
:10:09. > :10:12.the Earl wants you. It's a long way. This is the modern bell pull. I'm a
:10:12. > :10:18.little bit disappointed. Just a little bit. But I know it's
:10:18. > :10:22.practical. There's been a house on this site since the 18th century.
:10:22. > :10:27.But in 1838 the home was transformed by Sir Charles Barry
:10:27. > :10:31.into the grand mansion you see today. Diana Mitchell has the job
:10:31. > :10:36.of explaining to ministers just what is fact and what is fiction.
:10:36. > :10:41.Are there places where there are eerie similarities between the
:10:41. > :10:45.history of Highclere and the fictional history of down ton?
:10:45. > :10:50.the second series of Downton Abbey, we're in the wartime now, in
:10:50. > :10:55.Downton Abbey this was a convalescent home. In real life in
:10:55. > :10:59.the First World War we were an operating theatre for officers.
:10:59. > :11:02.you have genuine points where the scenes being re-enacted here are
:11:02. > :11:06.earily similar to what was happening here at the same time.
:11:06. > :11:10.Absolutely, which makes it very interesting because you can relate
:11:10. > :11:15.to Downton Abbey because so much of it is following some of the lines
:11:15. > :11:21.of the life here in Highclere. Some of our visitors think we are
:11:21. > :11:26.Downton Abbey. Of course, meanwhile I'm wondering which bedroom it is
:11:26. > :11:33.here that all the saucy nonsense with the Turkish gentleman took
:11:33. > :11:37.place? It's down this side, this corridor. The far corridor is where
:11:37. > :11:47.Daisy peeped out and could see them dragging the body along the
:11:47. > :11:52.
:11:52. > :11:56.corridor. Has Highclere kaftdle aka Downton Abbey. It turned out it has
:11:56. > :12:05.a real butler and a real hiftdery all its own.
:12:05. > :12:10.-- history all its own. It does have a real butler who has a night
:12:10. > :12:17.off. Jim Carter who plays Carson, has he asked you for any tips?
:12:17. > :12:20.Unfortunately, no. Not at all? he had a chat wu, surely! We've had
:12:20. > :12:28.a talk, but he's never asked my advice on how he should play his
:12:28. > :12:32.part. What do you think of his performance then? Very good. Do you
:12:32. > :12:37.all sit round and watch Downton Abbey? Of course. Are you saying
:12:37. > :12:41.that because Julian is sitting here. I was going to say that was an
:12:41. > :12:47.unfair question. I thought he'd be working. Lord and lady Caernarfon
:12:47. > :12:53.insist we watch it. Let's go back to the Christmas special. I've got
:12:53. > :12:56.a bone to pick with you. I bet I know what that is. We were having a
:12:56. > :13:00.lovely time, the chocolates were out, there was sherry. Next thing
:13:00. > :13:10.Matthew leaves the hospital, everybody is in a great mood. He's
:13:10. > :13:13.dead. Life's full of surprises. was obviously because Dan Stevens
:13:13. > :13:18.was leaving. What was the moment when he said he had to leave.
:13:18. > :13:21.issue was really that he wanted to leave cleanly. He wanted to go into
:13:21. > :13:26.the next part of his career. If he'd been playing a servant that
:13:26. > :13:31.wouldn't have been an issue, they would have got another job and gone
:13:31. > :13:35.off. But because it's a member of the family and Mary has a baby, how
:13:35. > :13:39.believable is it that we would literally never set eyes on him
:13:39. > :13:42.again. You couldn't -- he couldn't go off on a polar expedition and
:13:42. > :13:46.never return. Once he wasn't prepared to come back and do, you
:13:46. > :13:50.know, a couple of episodes or something in a series, that would
:13:51. > :13:54.have been fine, then he could have gone off on some Government thing.
:13:54. > :13:57.Once he wasn't going to come back at all, I don't want to sound - I
:13:57. > :14:02.mean, he's a young man. He's got his way to make and his career.
:14:02. > :14:05.Running an acting career, you know, it's a gut thing. Nina has just
:14:05. > :14:14.left EastEnders for exactly the same reason. You weren't killed off,
:14:14. > :14:20.were you? No, I did ask. I wanted a huge explosion or I wanted to jump
:14:20. > :14:23.out of a plane. But, no, I got huge respect and they've left me and
:14:23. > :14:27.left the door open. I think I understand where he's coming from.
:14:27. > :14:30.You do, as an actor, you reach a point where you go, I've done
:14:30. > :14:34.service to this show and I fell like I want to be creative again
:14:34. > :14:43.and do something fresh and new. was interest in him in America. He
:14:43. > :14:48.was offered a show on Broadway and We are devastated but there is a
:14:48. > :14:52.new series of Downton, how are we going to cheer everybody up? I am
:14:52. > :15:00.not sure I do cheering up? beautiful Indian woman arrives,
:15:00. > :15:03.right? Yes, it is perfect! The truth of the matter is nothing is
:15:03. > :15:07.harder to dramatise than happiness. That is why in a great Hollywood
:15:07. > :15:12.movie, they kiss at the end and get married, they don't do it in the
:15:12. > :15:16.middle, because once people are happy, they are kind of done and
:15:16. > :15:21.dusted in terms of narrative. Now we have Paul widowed Mary, she has
:15:21. > :15:28.the baby, she has the estate, how can she find happiness? We are off
:15:28. > :15:32.to the races! And Julian, we know one of your other passions is the
:15:32. > :15:38.big houses. You class them as almost a character themselves, and
:15:38. > :15:41.this is the basis for your new series. It is. I think the whole
:15:41. > :15:46.sort of art form, one can really say, the English country house,
:15:46. > :15:52.which fascinates many people all over the world, it is because of
:15:52. > :15:56.its kind of complete this, it is like a world, it has every layer of
:15:56. > :16:02.society and every activity, and a real working estate, like Highclere,
:16:02. > :16:08.farming, racing, it is all going on, all of these different skills and
:16:08. > :16:11.lives being lived. And the opportunity came in for this
:16:12. > :16:17.programme to have a look not just that the families who built these
:16:17. > :16:24.great palaces, but the men and women who worked there. A you are
:16:24. > :16:34.presenting this, it is not a drama. Yes, it is me, blathering on.
:16:34. > :16:35.
:16:35. > :16:38.have a look catch you blathering on. He built this house to show a great
:16:38. > :16:48.dynasty and to entertain his queen from a Elizabeth the first, the
:16:48. > :16:49.
:16:49. > :16:57.greatest of the Judas. -- Tudors. But Elizabeth never stayed here.
:16:57. > :17:00.News of smallpox in the house kept her away. Life was fragile then.
:17:00. > :17:06.It kind of flip-flop between the stories of the upstairs and the
:17:06. > :17:12.downstairs, and they are dramas in themselves. There is one particular
:17:12. > :17:18.story that we deal with about an undercooked called Thomas, who was
:17:18. > :17:24.killed, I am quite sure accidentally, while he was in
:17:24. > :17:27.service by a guest of the Lord's. And when you follow the story, I am
:17:27. > :17:33.sure it was terrible and everyone was very sorry, it isn't that, it
:17:33. > :17:38.is the way it was covered up, the way he does it is so roofless, and
:17:38. > :17:43.yet he was also a fantastically brave man -- roofless. In pursuing
:17:43. > :17:47.the Queen of Scots, although she is a romantic heroine, but the fact is
:17:47. > :17:51.he was putting the interests of the country above his so that could
:17:51. > :17:57.have lost his head, so you have got this rootlessness, plus bravery,
:17:57. > :18:02.which I suppose are the key elements of a Tudor or statesmen.
:18:02. > :18:05.We found a book in Camden library which has got a brilliant story in
:18:05. > :18:10.it which could be turned into an historical series, but we can't get
:18:10. > :18:20.hold of the author. I don't know if you can help us. Where is it? There
:18:20. > :18:23.
:18:23. > :18:29.we are. Very limited film potential in this one! Just and light and us.
:18:29. > :18:31.I can do it. -- enlighten. The author's interests include writing,
:18:31. > :18:39.gardening and Phil Yates and she helped to run a children's campaign
:18:39. > :18:45.and lives in Surrey with her dogs. In the second book, she had opened
:18:45. > :18:55.a care home for dogs. Who is this? I am afraid, I have to come clean,
:18:55. > :19:02.that is me. Let's read a little bed. There is
:19:02. > :19:07.no limit to the amount of ridicule -- ridicule.
:19:07. > :19:16."she could hardly get the words said. It has happened! I and his
:19:16. > :19:22.mistress! He seemed to revive physically. The king loves me".
:19:23. > :19:30.king loves Me! There you are. of that has rather drifted away
:19:30. > :19:36.from my writing style. It is a bit 50 Shades. And the four people who
:19:36. > :19:41.got it out of the library all agreed it is a good read. All right
:19:41. > :19:45.then you can see Julian's Great Houses on ITV next Tuesday at 9pm.
:19:45. > :19:49.We are keeping an eye on the beavers that this sort earlier on
:19:49. > :19:58.with the Winterwatch cameras. Shall we have another look? -- that we
:19:58. > :20:07.saw. There is only one left. This could be either Timber for...
:20:07. > :20:14.in a further. That burgers. There are nine of them. Mom and dad are
:20:14. > :20:24.there, they are about nine months old. This is just like Big Brother.
:20:24. > :20:26.
:20:27. > :20:34.I would stay in there, it is minus five. Poor little beavers. Nina?
:20:34. > :20:39.Aww! We are going to be talking to the Winterwatch people later on in
:20:39. > :20:45.the show. Two things you need to know about the next film, the
:20:45. > :20:49.hippocampus is located in the media temporal lobe of the brain. Clearly.
:20:49. > :20:53.And secondly, apparently taxi drivers have in large ones. Michael
:20:53. > :20:58.Mossley explains why we should help the modest cabbies.
:20:58. > :21:03.Look around you on a typical high street. How can you spot people
:21:03. > :21:06.with bigger brains than yours? Here in London, they are easier to find
:21:06. > :21:14.that you might imagine. Or you have to do is stick your hand out and
:21:14. > :21:18.hail one. London cabbies famously have fantastic memories. They have
:21:18. > :21:23.all passed the test, the Knowledge, and they need to know the location
:21:23. > :21:28.of all of London's Street, around 25,000. Even more impressively,
:21:28. > :21:32.they have to know the shortest distance between any two points.
:21:32. > :21:36.Researchers believe that cabbies are no more naturally gifted than
:21:36. > :21:40.you or me, so does their remarkable ability to memorise the streets of
:21:40. > :21:46.London make them geniuses? OK, King's Cross station to Hyde
:21:46. > :21:54.Park Corner. Euston Road, cut through Grafton Way, left on
:21:54. > :22:01.Fitzroy Street, through Charlotte Street.
:22:01. > :22:07.Into Piccadilly. And up to Hyde Park Corner. It seems we have
:22:07. > :22:09.feasibly court improved special memory. Tests show that parts are
:22:09. > :22:16.the taxi driver's brain, the hippocampus, is noticeably bigger
:22:16. > :22:21.than normal. I have come to London Hammersmith Hospital, where our can
:22:21. > :22:27.be Paul has agreed to have a brain scan. He is under they supervision
:22:27. > :22:32.of Dr Jennie wild. So what is the physical evidence
:22:32. > :22:34.that taxi drivers have different brains? University College London
:22:35. > :22:40.conducted a ground-breaking study where they looked at the size of
:22:40. > :22:44.the hippocampus in London taxi drivers, and they compare that to
:22:44. > :22:49.people who are not a taxi drivers, men who are not taxi-drivers, and
:22:49. > :22:53.they found that the taxi drivers had a significantly larger memory
:22:53. > :22:58.centre in their brains, which led them to conclude that being able to
:22:58. > :23:05.navigate very well and learning the Knowledge through London led to the
:23:05. > :23:09.paper camp has been wider. -- the hippocampus been wider. Sir Paul is
:23:09. > :23:13.in the machine, and they are scanning his brain. That is to
:23:13. > :23:20.measure if the hippocampus is larger than average.
:23:20. > :23:25.Let's see if all of that training has made any difference?
:23:25. > :23:31.They hit the canvas being larger can improve recall and navigation.
:23:31. > :23:35.Looking at this image of Paul's brain, the hippocampus is 28%
:23:35. > :23:39.larger than in an average man. To see what difference this makes
:23:39. > :23:46.beyond their taxi cabs, we are going to conduct an experiment,
:23:46. > :23:51.here at the Maze in Leeds Castle in Kent. On one team, taxi drivers.
:23:51. > :23:57.And on my team, a couple of really smart cookies. Two senior lecturers
:23:57. > :24:01.from Canterbury Christchurch University. We are confident.
:24:01. > :24:07.Around the maze, we have positioned portraits of five famous geniuses.
:24:07. > :24:10.Both teams will have 30 minutes to navigate the maze, search for the
:24:10. > :24:14.portraits and memorise their locations. Then one by one, they
:24:14. > :24:19.will be asked to go from Beethoven to Stephen Hawking, to Isaac Newton
:24:19. > :24:23.to Socrates and finally Einstein, in the right order. The quickest
:24:23. > :24:29.route should take just 13 turns, but that means getting everything
:24:29. > :24:39.right first time. The lecturer's seemed confident, but what about
:24:39. > :24:40.
:24:40. > :24:47.the cabbies? We had just gone round in a circle. It is the wrong way.
:24:47. > :24:52.With 30 minutes are up, it is now their chance to beat the clock. If
:24:52. > :24:56.like him, Paul's fellow taxi drivers have of the hippocampus
:24:56. > :25:00.that is larger, they should beat mighty D handstand.
:25:00. > :25:07.I have the result and it is very clear. The fastest by a long way
:25:07. > :25:11.was Adam. The slowest well long way was me.
:25:11. > :25:15.-- by a long way. All of the other competitors took
:25:15. > :25:18.roughly four minutes. Although roughly unscientific, it does show
:25:18. > :25:23.that paper qualifications are not enough to get around the maze and
:25:23. > :25:32.when it comes to finding your way from place to place, the brains of
:25:32. > :25:38.the cabbies come out on top. So, Michael, did you find your way
:25:38. > :25:43.to the studio tonight? I had been here before! A you were supposed to
:25:43. > :25:47.be here at the start! Earlier in the week, we saw the Radio Times
:25:47. > :25:52.had featured the top 50 greatest British inventions and in your new
:25:52. > :25:57.series, you get the chance to express your favourite. Yes, I love
:25:57. > :26:01.inventions and inventors. I think we are in in difficult times and we
:26:01. > :26:07.need to recapture that spirit of 100, 200 years ago when they went
:26:07. > :26:11.out and did stuff and sold it to the world. What was your favourite?
:26:11. > :26:17.My favourite was the steam car, the first one, which went off down the
:26:17. > :26:23.road before the Battle of Trafalgar. Isn't that fascinating? I love that
:26:23. > :26:28.sort of thing. Here he is, going full steam ahead.
:26:28. > :26:31.An inventor driven by economic beat to get around a costly patterned
:26:31. > :26:36.ended up achieving something other inventors have been trying to do
:26:36. > :26:41.for centuries. It was more powerful than the engine of James Watt and a
:26:41. > :26:46.fraction of the size. And so he could put it on wheels, the age of
:26:46. > :26:53.steam locomotion had begun. And to be fair, we wouldn't be
:26:53. > :26:59.where we are today. No, it was the first time high-pressure steam was
:27:00. > :27:06.captured. Why did we have a steam car now? We do. Why can't I have
:27:06. > :27:10.one? The price of water is rather more acceptable than petrol. Yes,
:27:10. > :27:15.that would Sorcha lead. There are steam cars that go at incredible
:27:15. > :27:18.speed, it is making a comeback. would be thrilled by that. You have
:27:18. > :27:23.learned something. Besides giving us entertained, there is civil
:27:23. > :27:28.mission behind this. Absolutely, we should celebrate inventors, they
:27:28. > :27:31.make things and sell things that we are fantastically good in Britain,
:27:31. > :27:35.coming up with scientific things, theories and things like that, but
:27:35. > :27:40.it is the stuff that people want to buy and that transforms the economy.
:27:40. > :27:44.We want to celebrate it. Americans are better at recognising
:27:44. > :27:49.what they have come up with, so all of our great adventure does go
:27:49. > :27:56.across the Atlantic. Delightful was not Thomas Edison, it was Joseph
:27:56. > :28:01.Swan and the first place was the Savoy Theatre -- the light ball.
:28:01. > :28:04.And the good old BBC, we have a whole season about this. Absolutely,
:28:04. > :28:09.it is a celebration of that what Britain has done in the past and
:28:09. > :28:12.what we are capable of now. You are going to love it, Julian. I love
:28:13. > :28:16.all of this stuff, but it does annoy me how so many things that
:28:16. > :28:20.were invented here but only developed... I am not attacking the
:28:20. > :28:26.Americans, good luck to them because they see the potential and
:28:26. > :28:33.I went to a medical science convention last year and they had
:28:33. > :28:39.come up with plastic glasses filled with water and if you take a little,
:28:39. > :28:47.it suggests it -- it just said so they can get their glasses out
:28:47. > :28:50.cheaply. All of today, we have been saying "That is a good idea".
:28:51. > :28:56.Inventiveness is alive and well and we have three young inventors with
:28:56. > :29:00.us, Emily, Jake and Dan. Let's go to them. I had a little go at
:29:00. > :29:05.Emily's invention and the arm. The proof is in the pudding and I found
:29:05. > :29:09.this absolutely brilliant. -- earlier on. They have a project on
:29:09. > :29:13.the front of the handlebars of your bike which projects this image
:29:13. > :29:17.around five metres ahead. Yes, it gives them a presence outside of
:29:17. > :29:22.your normal food print which alerts drivers ahead of you who can't see
:29:22. > :29:32.the bike. -- footprint. My normal bike light is on there, it is the
:29:32. > :29:35.
:29:35. > :29:41.whole thing. It is a bike light There it is. Are you ready? There
:29:41. > :29:44.you go, look. Stop, there's a cyclist. That is the point. I felt
:29:44. > :29:49.a lot safer having it on there, knowing that those ahead of me
:29:49. > :29:55.would know I was coming before I arrived. Anything to make you more
:29:55. > :30:02.visible as a cyclist and increase at wairpbs of the bike on the road.
:30:02. > :30:07.-- the awareness of the bike on the road. I have raised funds for it
:30:07. > :30:11.and we're having conversations with the big retailers. It's all steam
:30:11. > :30:15.ahead. Jake, I love yours. This is a vacuum cleaner with a difference.
:30:15. > :30:22.Definitely. It still performs scablgtly the same as every other
:30:22. > :30:27.vacuum on the market, but the outer shell is made out of cardboard and
:30:27. > :30:31.cardboard has taken such a big rise in recent years. It's being used in
:30:31. > :30:36.furniture, lielgting and construction. Why not a -- lighting
:30:36. > :30:43.and construction. Why not make a light. You repair it yourself, you
:30:43. > :30:47.can doodle over it. The box is the bag essentially. Yes. Pimp your
:30:47. > :30:52.vacuum cleaner. Dan, your invention is brilliant. There's enormous
:30:52. > :30:57.problems with catching fish that aren't ready to be caught yet and
:30:57. > :31:01.wastage. Talk us through it. This is the escape ring part of a safety
:31:01. > :31:04.net larger system. The money I've received from the James Dyson
:31:04. > :31:09.foundation has allowed me to prototype this further. This fits
:31:09. > :31:15.into the net and allows smaller fish to escape to freedom. It's
:31:16. > :31:20.like an emergency exit. How many of those would you have on the net?
:31:20. > :31:25.Ten to 15. Good luck. All of you, good luck to you. Hugh Fearnley-
:31:26. > :31:29.Whittingstall is going to love you. He will. As will so many fish.
:31:29. > :31:34.Michael's series The Genius Of Invention starts next Thursday at
:31:34. > :31:37.9pm on BBC Two. One invention that's celebrating its 150th
:31:37. > :31:41.birthday is the London underground. Over the years it's had a big
:31:41. > :31:45.effect on some of you. I'm Tom. I've been a London Underground
:31:45. > :31:51.busker for six or seven years. I love it because I like to brighten
:31:51. > :31:57.up people's days. One day I was busk -- busking for two hours in
:31:57. > :32:03.Waterloo and got a -- an apple from a lady. I got a Canadian girl's
:32:03. > :32:05.number that day too. I think the underground is an important part of
:32:05. > :32:15.London's cultural identity. It's something I'm really proud to be
:32:15. > :32:17.
:32:17. > :32:22.part of. I'm Michael. This is Rufus. He's a Pyrenean mountain dog. He's
:32:22. > :32:28.72 kilos in weight. He comes with me every day because we go to work
:32:28. > :32:36.together. He is the big celebrity of the underground. As far as dogs
:32:36. > :32:41.go, he's been photographed in sces of 50,000 times by members of the
:32:41. > :32:46.public. Whenever we travel with Rufus you have to allow half an
:32:46. > :32:52.hour, 45 minutes longer. We always miss at least two trains. People
:32:52. > :32:56.get on the train, going the -- go in the wrong way to sit with him
:32:56. > :33:03.and make a fuss of him. They get off at the next station and travel
:33:03. > :33:07.back. He's the best friend I have. People love him. They say the only
:33:07. > :33:16.good thing in rush hour on the underground is if you get a spot
:33:16. > :33:19.next to Rufus. I've been here for 13 years. I am the man that wakes
:33:19. > :33:24.people up at the end of the night and gets them off the train, out
:33:24. > :33:29.and home, hopefully. I've grown up with the underground most of my
:33:29. > :33:32.life. My aunt used to own a confectionary come tobacco stall at
:33:32. > :33:37.the old Trafalgar Square underground station. My granddad
:33:37. > :33:40.used to have storeys about during the bombings in London in the
:33:41. > :33:50.Second World War and going into the underground as an air raid shelter.
:33:51. > :33:51.
:33:51. > :34:01.I've always been brought up with that. 18 years I work for London
:34:01. > :34:02.
:34:02. > :34:06.Underground. I enjoy every minute of it. It was a cold November day
:34:07. > :34:13.1965, somebody told me that there was something left in the ladies
:34:14. > :34:20.toilet. When I went in there, I find this little new baby, so I
:34:20. > :34:26.took it up, tried to do what I could to see that I baby was warm
:34:26. > :34:32.and comfortable. Then I get my station master to come and take
:34:32. > :34:42.over. Then I make inquiry and they told me that the baby was adopted.
:34:42. > :34:47.After 30 years I was reunited with this young man that was one thing,
:34:47. > :34:57.one moment that will never leave me, as long as I live. I will always
:34:57. > :35:00.
:35:01. > :35:05.remember that baby. One, two, three. You put the passenger in, in, out,
:35:05. > :35:08.you shake them all about. Open doors, close doors, mind the gap.
:35:09. > :35:11.That's what it's all about. When we retired we had to have something to
:35:11. > :35:19.do. We decided to travel on the Northern line and get off at every
:35:19. > :35:29.station and write about it. # All up the Northern line
:35:29. > :35:38.
:35:38. > :35:46.# Morden, Edgware, high Barnett # You were singing along? I was.
:35:46. > :35:50.That's being taught at the nursery. "Yous off that EastEnders, aren't
:35:50. > :35:56.you? Yes I am. Where is Walford east? There is no Walford east.
:35:56. > :36:02.Yeah, it is. I seen it on the telly. I went, it's not real. I gave up
:36:02. > :36:06.and I thought I'll join the loon. That's what he will have seen. It's
:36:06. > :36:11.very considering. It's between Stratford east and Bow. And I left
:36:11. > :36:19.him. It looks convincing. It does. You've left EastEnders. How did
:36:19. > :36:24.your cast members take the news. You're a very tight-knight cast --
:36:24. > :36:28.tight-knit cast. Yes, quite sad if I'm honest. How does it work. Do
:36:28. > :36:33.they tell you and they tell them? came to the decision in January of
:36:33. > :36:38.last year. I thought about the decision for about three months.
:36:38. > :36:44.Then it was time for my contract to be renewed and I said thank you,
:36:44. > :36:49.but I think I'd like to make a move instead. A big decision. Very big
:36:49. > :36:55.decision. I didn't make it lightly. It took me a few months to think
:36:55. > :36:58.about it. I feel, a lot happened to me also last year. I lost some very
:36:58. > :37:02.dear friends around my age. I thought life's too short and I want
:37:02. > :37:07.to do something else. At least they didn't kill you in a sports car.
:37:07. > :37:15.Yes. They obviously were kinder than we were. Yes. That sounds
:37:15. > :37:19.really exciting. You are supposed to be getting married to Masood on
:37:19. > :37:24.Valentine's Day. Is there going to be a duff, duff moment that messes
:37:24. > :37:30.that up before then? You can't ask that? I'll ruin it for so many
:37:30. > :37:35.people. So many millions. We can say that you were a fiery character.
:37:35. > :37:39.Here she is dising out a bit of relationship advice. You don't want
:37:39. > :37:42.to appear too keen. But then you don't want to appear too cold
:37:42. > :37:47.either. The really important thing is that you must get what you want
:37:47. > :37:51.from the man before he gets what he wants. That is the golden rule. It
:37:51. > :38:01.lays the foundation for a lifetime of female dominance. You took your
:38:01. > :38:03.
:38:03. > :38:09.Now that you're off the East Ender tread mill, what has that enabled
:38:09. > :38:12.you to do then? My husband and myself have our own production
:38:12. > :38:18.company. We made a movie called Four. And we're starting the next
:38:18. > :38:25.movie, which we will start in March or April with Stephen Lord. It's
:38:25. > :38:29.change Strangeways Here We Come. You were in the Keith Lemon thing.
:38:29. > :38:35.We can't show that. I'm not surprised you can't show anything
:38:35. > :38:41.from that movie. Tune back in four hours' time. Are you hoping for
:38:41. > :38:45.more comedy roles? Yeah. I think it got a bit heavy for me for a while.
:38:45. > :38:50.I am looking forward to doing that. I'm looking forward to writing
:38:50. > :38:55.again. There's a world of opportunities out there. We've
:38:55. > :38:59.picked up somehow during the show that you're not too keen on animals.
:38:59. > :39:04.I don't mind animals. Having said that, we're hoping to convert you
:39:04. > :39:10.now. Last time you were on the show, you named a baby gore illa. That's
:39:11. > :39:17.different. You settled on kukenga, different. You settled on kukenga,
:39:17. > :39:26.which means "love". Here he is now. The big one? No, the little one.
:39:26. > :39:30.my goodness me. He's lovely. He's almost as adventurous as you are.
:39:30. > :39:36.He's like the main attraction there. Was it the little one you named?
:39:36. > :39:40.The little one. The big one looks as if he'd name you. He'd own me.
:39:40. > :39:44.We put it out to the viewers and you chose it. That was the nicest
:39:45. > :39:52.name that came through, you're right. It was something about love.
:39:52. > :39:59.Yeah it means "to love". It is time to join some animal lovers in
:39:59. > :40:04.invernnessshire. It's the Winterwatch team. We heard earlier
:40:04. > :40:11.on, it's minus five up there. How is the wildlife coping, obviously,
:40:11. > :40:16.snugled up? Yeah and we're a bit snugged up. We have loads of layers
:40:16. > :40:20.on. We look a bit like Tellytubbies. Some of the wildlife hibernates,
:40:20. > :40:24.some migrate and some of it, like the beavers that we've been
:40:24. > :40:26.privileged to watch on our live cameras over the last few days, is
:40:26. > :40:31.perfectly adapted. You wouldn't think it, watching that one. But
:40:31. > :40:39.that is a kit, first Time Out on the ice. As you can see struggling
:40:39. > :40:44.a little bit. Skraiting on thin -- skating on thin ice. One of the
:40:44. > :40:46.contestants from Dancing On Ice, I think. We've had a question from a
:40:46. > :40:53.One Show viewer, asking why are birds singing through the night at
:40:53. > :40:56.the moment? Do you have the answer? Well, if they're in towns, the most
:40:56. > :41:01.likely animal that's going to be is the Robin. They sing all year round,
:41:01. > :41:04.particularly under street lights. In our cities at this time of year,
:41:04. > :41:09.when robins are beginning to argue about their territories with spring
:41:09. > :41:14.in mind, there's a lot of Robin singing going on, occasionally a
:41:14. > :41:20.few blackbirds as well. After a busy night on Christmas eve, Martin,
:41:20. > :41:27.you're showing some reindeer action tonight. I am. It's a great story,
:41:27. > :41:31.this, because a Laplander came over here to Scotland, looked around and
:41:31. > :41:34.thought "there's something missing." so he brought some of his
:41:35. > :41:38.herd over here. That's the origin of these reindeer. Tonight I'm
:41:39. > :41:42.lucky enough to get hands on with these lovely creatures. It would be
:41:42. > :41:46.good if a Brazilian came over here and got them to import football as
:41:46. > :41:53.well. LAUGHTER
:41:53. > :41:58.Chris, you're looking for One Show viewers' help. Well, down south
:41:58. > :42:03.we've had a lot of hard, heavy weather at the moment, lots of snow
:42:03. > :42:08.and ice. We'd like any interesting sightings of things that have come
:42:08. > :42:12.into people's gardens, birds and mammals, anything like that.
:42:12. > :42:17.Contact us via our website bbc.co.uk/Winterwatch. Pictures,
:42:17. > :42:22.comments, anything. Thank you guys. Winterwatch is on BBC Two tonight
:42:22. > :42:26.straight after us. When did he bring the reindeer in, when did
:42:26. > :42:30.that happen? I'm not sure. We can't go back to them now. That's
:42:30. > :42:34.disappointing. I can tell you an interesting fact. What reindeer do,
:42:34. > :42:38.they have this incredible coat on them, they stand into the wind. So
:42:38. > :42:43.if you see a reindeer, it closes its eyes and puts its ears back.
:42:43. > :42:48.The reason is so that the wind flattens down its coat, which keeps
:42:48. > :42:54.it warmer. If you're cold, stand into the wind. It wouldn't work for
:42:54. > :42:57.me. But after that, Julian, how can some people out there want to
:42:57. > :43:00.gratuitously harm some of our country's wildlife. Here's a story
:43:00. > :43:06.of how one brave walker turned prosecution witness in a wildlife
:43:06. > :43:10.crime. For hundreds of years, badger
:43:10. > :43:16.baiting, where people set dogs on badgers for entertainment, was one
:43:16. > :43:20.of Britain's most gruesome blood sports. But despite being outlawed
:43:20. > :43:24.badger baitding is still going -- baiting is still going on today.
:43:24. > :43:29.This is the story of an artist who stumbled across this medieval sport
:43:29. > :43:33.and then risked his life to bring the badger baiters to justice. For
:43:33. > :43:40.25 years wildlife painter Robert Fuller has been finding inspiration
:43:40. > :43:45.for his work by taking photos of his subjects. In January, 2011, he
:43:45. > :43:49.was doing this with a friend along the river Derwent in Yorkshire,
:43:49. > :43:55.when the normally serene sounds of running water and bird song were
:43:55. > :43:59.interrupted. I could hear a lot of dogs barking, very anxious dogs,
:43:59. > :44:03.out here on a peaceful Sunday afternoon. It was quite an unusual
:44:03. > :44:08.event. As we got closer, I could hear a badger squealing and
:44:08. > :44:12.chitering and wailing. It became obvious that something was
:44:12. > :44:16.definitely wrong there. The two men wanted to investigate
:44:16. > :44:26.where the commotion was coming from. From behind some branches Robert
:44:26. > :44:26.
:44:26. > :44:31.I concede two dogs attacking a badger and a group of men were
:44:31. > :44:34.watching -- I could see. There were several other dogs and a call to my
:44:34. > :44:41.friends straight away to call the police and when I ran back through,
:44:41. > :44:46.I grabbed my camera. Robert started taking photographs to document what
:44:46. > :44:50.was happening, just 70 yards in front of him. At times, he could
:44:50. > :44:54.clearly see the legs of the badger being flung around by the dogs.
:44:54. > :44:59.Robert was potentially putting himself in harm's way, as the men
:44:59. > :45:06.were carrying shotguns. You must have been incredibly
:45:06. > :45:09.scared? Yes, it was quite a tense moment. Robert collected as much
:45:09. > :45:15.evidence as possible and he even managed to capture the moment of
:45:15. > :45:18.the badger's death, with the smoke from a shotgun hanging in the air.
:45:18. > :45:24.This was also the instant when he knew he had to get out of there. It
:45:24. > :45:27.appeared one man had spotted him. Robert beat a hasty retreat,
:45:27. > :45:33.holding his own close to his chest to avoid raising further suspicion.
:45:33. > :45:37.He gave the emergency operator their exact location. 15 minutes
:45:37. > :45:42.later, the police arrived. The men were still close by and all of them
:45:42. > :45:46.were arrested. This was the first step in getting a conviction but it
:45:46. > :45:51.would take the expertise of the RSPCA to bring the men should test
:45:51. > :45:58.-- to justice. A lot of the time we don't have the evidence there. In
:45:58. > :46:02.2011, we had 192 big -- incidents of badger-baiting reported, and
:46:02. > :46:05.seven of them have resulted in prosecutions going to court.
:46:05. > :46:10.this case would turn out to have no lack of incriminating evidence.
:46:10. > :46:15.Along with Robert Fuller's photographs, the police found part
:46:15. > :46:22.of a locator collar carried by the men. A tour of modern badger-
:46:22. > :46:27.baiting, they offer to around a terrier's neck, before it is set to
:46:27. > :46:32.find the badger. They then use the locator to dig at both of them up.
:46:32. > :46:35.Once out, the larger dogs are released on the badger. It would be
:46:35. > :46:42.easy to think that this case was closed, but to get a definite
:46:42. > :46:49.conviction, the team needed proof that badgers had been killed. They
:46:49. > :46:55.had to find the bodies. A police sniffer dog found one badger dead
:46:55. > :46:58.in a marshy area, ripped to bits and shot. And the second dead
:46:58. > :47:05.badger was found when they dug down. This was the conclusive proof of
:47:05. > :47:08.the officers needed. In January 2012, Paul Tindall, Alan Alexander,
:47:08. > :47:15.William Anderson and Richard Simpson were each jailed for 16
:47:15. > :47:19.weeks. Two other men, Christopher Holmes and Malcolm Warner, were
:47:19. > :47:24.given 12 weeks suspended sentences. And a teenager who stood on the
:47:24. > :47:28.sidelines was placed in a youth rehabilitation programme. And none
:47:28. > :47:34.of this would have been possible without Robert's bravery in taking
:47:34. > :47:38.the photos in the first prize. Every year, it is thought that
:47:38. > :47:41.thousands of badgers are tortured and killed by badger-baiting as in
:47:41. > :47:45.the UK, but as the public become more aware of this gruesome and
:47:45. > :47:50.horrific crime, hopefully it will become consigned to the history
:47:50. > :47:56.books. Hopefully. Miranda, Robert showed
:47:56. > :47:59.incredibly -- incredible bravery. Yes, he was a total hero, he has an
:48:00. > :48:05.award from the RSPCA to acknowledge his bravery. Here he is receiving
:48:06. > :48:11.it. We need more people like him out there. What can you do if you
:48:11. > :48:14.do see always best a wildlife crime? You need to do what he did,
:48:14. > :48:17.he Brown 999 because he was that the scene of the crime. If you are
:48:17. > :48:22.not there, and you want reported later on, go to your local police
:48:22. > :48:27.station or you can go to your RSPCA offers, because they have the power
:48:27. > :48:31.to prosecute. You cannot condone killing like that, it is barbaric,
:48:32. > :48:37.but there are people who believe that badgers spread tuberculosis,
:48:37. > :48:41.we have covered the item many times, and the proposed cull was postponed.
:48:41. > :48:45.Yes, there was a big U-turn. The Government announced the cull in
:48:45. > :48:49.September and there was a U-turn in October, to postpone it until at
:48:49. > :48:54.least the summer. That is just in England. In Scotland, there are not
:48:54. > :48:57.any cases of TB. The Welsh Assembly have decided to go down the
:48:57. > :49:03.vaccination route and in Northern Ireland, they are looking at the
:49:03. > :49:08.eradication programme providing vaccination with a possible cull --
:49:08. > :49:12.combining. One has to remember that for farmers, it is their livelihood.
:49:12. > :49:16.It isn't enough to just have one's eyes welling with tears. This stuff
:49:16. > :49:21.is horrible and as long as it tense, that is great but if there is a TV
:49:22. > :49:26.risk, we have to take it seriously, like grown-ups -- TV. We do but
:49:26. > :49:30.more research is to be done and scientists say that even if you do
:49:30. > :49:34.have a cull, it is not necessarily going to reduce the risk of
:49:34. > :49:38.tuberculosis. More work needs to be done, more money and research,
:49:38. > :49:42.before they announce something like that. It will be a trial cull when
:49:42. > :49:50.it goes ahead. Very controversial. There are so many sides to this,
:49:50. > :49:54.you can go on and on. Sorry... general, there has been an increase
:49:54. > :49:57.in wildlife crime. Wildlife crime Serran the increase. You look at
:49:57. > :50:02.them and you think it is something that happened he hundreds of years
:50:02. > :50:06.ago -- are on the increase. Badger- baiting, hare-coursing. I did a
:50:06. > :50:10.piece recently on cock fighting. And there is a blood sport caught
:50:10. > :50:16.Lam Ping, which is very popular in the winter months, long and dark
:50:16. > :50:20.nights, where people that with very bright lights and dogs and try and
:50:20. > :50:24.bring down foxes and deer and badgers. It is Justice Board, there
:50:24. > :50:28.is no financial gain and it is on the increase -- just a sport.
:50:28. > :50:32.Potentially, there is so bad news for the Wildlife Crime Unit. As if
:50:32. > :50:37.there wasn't enough, the national Wildlife Crime Unit are at risk of
:50:37. > :50:42.losing their funding in March this year. This is a very small number
:50:42. > :50:45.of incredibly dedicated people, people who are committed to
:50:45. > :50:51.eradicating rhino horn theft and trade, and trade of reptiles and
:50:51. > :50:54.persecution of birds of prey, and they may lose this funding in March
:50:54. > :50:58.of the Home Office do not renew it. There have been a lot of cuts in
:50:58. > :51:03.police funding and they are one of the people who may suffer. We will
:51:03. > :51:10.see what happens. Miranda, thank you very much. Julian, the reindeer
:51:10. > :51:16.we saw earlier on, that was for 1952. I thought it was 19th century.
:51:16. > :51:20.So it was nearly there. Anyway, we are polite bunch of The One Show,
:51:20. > :51:24.and that is not being a economical with the truth, if you understand
:51:24. > :51:29.what I'm saying. Gyles Brandreth is no exception and he has had a look
:51:29. > :51:35.at the British obsession with euphemisms.
:51:35. > :51:39.Euphemism. Euphemism. I am looking for an alternative and I can't find
:51:39. > :51:44.one. But perhaps I don't need one, because a euphemism is the
:51:44. > :51:46.alternative, and when the 18th century lexicographer Dr Johnson
:51:46. > :51:50.was compiling his first comprehensive English dictionary,
:51:50. > :51:55.he actually left the word out. He was a man who liked straight
:51:55. > :51:58.talking. If you go back to the Greek, the origin of the turbines
:51:58. > :52:03.to speak fair, which is what you can listen does. There is a
:52:03. > :52:09.wonderful definition by Quentin Crisp, he said that euphemisms are
:52:09. > :52:13.run pleasantries wearing diplomatic Cologne. I think that one defeat
:52:13. > :52:18.describes how we sidestep something unpalatable. It is there to make
:52:18. > :52:23.something sweeter, gentler. exactly, to add a bitter foe.
:52:23. > :52:27.Rees rota book on euphemisms, helped by his better half -- wrote
:52:28. > :52:32.a book. My wife has a good definition, which is when you don't
:52:32. > :52:41.call a spade a spade. You call it an agricultural lifting instrument,
:52:41. > :52:45.to avoid using the D-word, spade. Of course, the subject that we
:52:45. > :52:50.think we need change according to the times we live in.
:52:50. > :52:53.Victorians for fat childbirth, bankruptcy, prostitution -- avoided.
:52:53. > :52:59.They used to cover up the legs of chairs. It may not be true, but
:52:59. > :53:04.linguistically they referred to chair legs as "Limbs". Similarly
:53:04. > :53:10.with chicken, we were not allowed to talk about "Chicken breast", it
:53:10. > :53:15.had to be "White meat closed with - - white meat". Winston Churchill
:53:15. > :53:18.was asked and he said he would like rest and was told in no uncertain
:53:18. > :53:23.terms they were not allowed to use the word and he asked what to say
:53:23. > :53:29.and they said "White meat". And the next day, legend has it, he sent
:53:29. > :53:34.the woman who said that to him a course large saying "but this on
:53:34. > :53:38.your white meat". Some of them have been constant for centuries, like
:53:38. > :53:42.getting drunk, procreating and going to the lavatory, a euphemism
:53:43. > :53:48.in itself. The most charming euphemism for going to the lavatory
:53:48. > :53:58.was from a woman in Norfolk tennis club, who broke off playing and
:53:58. > :54:01.
:54:01. > :54:06.said I'm just going to "Turned a My uncle said"I'm just going to
:54:06. > :54:10.make a telephone call to Henry". Death, of course, remains something
:54:10. > :54:15.we are all squeamish about and a lot of the accepted words we use
:54:15. > :54:18.about it today actually started out as euphemisms themselves. We talk
:54:19. > :54:24.about undertakers, which began as simply anybody who would undertake
:54:24. > :54:27.a task. We talk about funeral parlours, memorial centres. Even
:54:27. > :54:32.the lead coffin began as a euphemism because it means a little
:54:32. > :54:36.basket. There is a whole soft focus surrounding all of these subjects
:54:36. > :54:42.and they have been many wonderful sketches that have played on that,
:54:42. > :54:47.including the dead parrot sketch. It was used by Margaret Thatcher --
:54:47. > :54:57.Margaret Thatcher. She quoted Monty Python to refer to Liberal-Democrat
:54:57. > :55:05.and the legendary dead Python sketch. This is an ex parrot. It is
:55:05. > :55:09.not merely stunned, it has ceased to be, Expired, and gone to meet
:55:10. > :55:16.his maker. Everybody got the joke that she did ask if Mr Patten was
:55:16. > :55:26.one of us? Politics is an area rich in euphemism, it is all lies, damn
:55:26. > :55:29.
:55:29. > :55:37.lies and euphemism. So, to you for advice or not to you for mice?
:55:37. > :55:41.euphemise. I suppose people uses to cannot be direct, to avoid it,
:55:41. > :55:45.which they should. You can use it to deliver irony, kindness, humour,
:55:45. > :55:55.almost anything and as long as we are social animals, we will always
:55:55. > :55:55.
:55:55. > :56:00.needed. If you would excuse me, I have got to see a man Got to turn
:56:00. > :56:08.the vicar's bike around. I have got a wring out my socks.
:56:08. > :56:12.Wring out my socks? Julian, you are writing a 4th series of Downton
:56:12. > :56:22.Abbey, you have to get that phrase about turning the bike around.
:56:22. > :56:25.
:56:25. > :56:32.is rather a big task, I think we could do it by just having the
:56:32. > :56:36.vicar in. Gyles Brandreth is the only man I have and I had a bath
:56:36. > :56:40.with. We were both three years old. We tried to get hold of that
:56:40. > :56:44.photograph, but basically he told us it is in one of his mother's
:56:44. > :56:54.family albums. Now, we are going to put your knowledge of stately home
:56:54. > :56:59.salacious stories to the test. It is time for this.
:56:59. > :57:05.We will read out stately home shenanigans stories and you have to
:57:05. > :57:10.guess which stately home they happened in. Very easy. Colin has
:57:10. > :57:14.got a plate of fresh scones, with some jam and cream on them, which
:57:14. > :57:19.are up for grabs, but you have to get three correct. Are you ready?
:57:19. > :57:23.We shall start. In which house did the infamous
:57:23. > :57:33.Emma Hamilton Lady -- later become mistress to Lord Nelson, and she
:57:33. > :57:34.
:57:34. > :57:44.danced on the dining table that Let's find out from the map. That
:57:44. > :57:44.
:57:44. > :57:48.is correct. Very good. You are at a slight disadvantage. A slightly!
:57:48. > :57:52.The Lady of this house was considered slightly eccentric. She
:57:52. > :57:54.continued to hunt until she was in continued to hunt until she was in
:57:54. > :58:00.her 80s and had to be strapped to your cause, despite being almost
:58:00. > :58:04.blind and been told where to jump. -- her horse. She nearly burned
:58:04. > :58:11.down the west wing of her house when her feathers caught fire.
:58:11. > :58:15.Hatfield House. That is correct. Yes!
:58:15. > :58:18.Here we go. In which ousted the gardeners insert a tap into the
:58:18. > :58:28.pipe carrying beer from the brothers' house to the seller so
:58:28. > :58:31.
:58:31. > :58:37.they could have a cheeky find? -- brewer's? Chatsworth House. That is
:58:37. > :58:40.correct. Yes! correct. Yes!
:58:40. > :58:44.Very quickly, on Friday's show, we will be talking about confessions,
:58:44. > :58:48.so if you had anything you want to get off your chest, e-mail us at
:58:48. > :58:54.The One Show. That is all we have time for, thank