:00:18. > :00:24.Hello and welcome to the One Show with Matt Baker. And Michelle
:00:25. > :00:27.Ackerley. Now with me to companies -- media companies being urged to
:00:28. > :00:31.tackle the problem of fake news, tonight's show is about working out
:00:32. > :00:36.what is real and what is not. Good job we have a detective with us but
:00:37. > :00:39.which of his two detective roles are more authentic? I have spoken to the
:00:40. > :00:46.current head and she was suitably appalled. This is abuse that is
:00:47. > :00:49.alleged to have occurred about ten years before pretty much the oldest
:00:50. > :00:53.current teacher was even born. As you may know, a Caucasian male
:00:54. > :01:00.was found dead, it looks suspicious we have do act immediately. When was
:01:01. > :01:01.the body found? Two years ago. Please welcome Sanjeev Bhaskar!
:01:02. > :01:10.CHEERING . Sanjeev, the magic of editing.
:01:11. > :01:17.What people don't know is that is from the same episode. It was
:01:18. > :01:20.seamless. We have bits from the Unforgotten and Goodness Gracious
:01:21. > :01:25.Me. We were just talking before we came on air, nearly 20 years ago.
:01:26. > :01:31.Don't say that, you will make people feel all. Me, I don't feel old. It
:01:32. > :01:36.still feels very relevant and on the horizon, is there a chance it might
:01:37. > :01:40.come back? There is a chance, we are having conversations about it. You
:01:41. > :01:47.know, it was a satirical programme and I think right now, we could do
:01:48. > :01:51.with some satire. It may be timely. Let's hope so. Now, our first
:01:52. > :01:54.reality check tonight concerns football pitches that the FA is
:01:55. > :01:59.providing in towns and cities to stimulate the game at grass roots
:02:00. > :02:02.level. The pitches aren't made of grasp at an artificial surface which
:02:03. > :02:06.some fear may be unsafe because of the toxins it contains. He is BBC
:02:07. > :02:12.report and keen amateur footballer Jessica Creighton.
:02:13. > :02:15.A game of five-a-side on an all-weather pitch, artificial grass
:02:16. > :02:21.on a rubber base. It is meant to be the future of football. But not
:02:22. > :02:26.everyone is happy about it because of this stuff. I get it in my boots
:02:27. > :02:31.so I had to empty them at home. It can get pretty frustrating and
:02:32. > :02:35.irritating on the feed. Questions are being raised about the rubber
:02:36. > :02:39.crumb found in artificial football pitches like this one up and down
:02:40. > :02:43.the country. So do we have anything to worry about? These services are
:02:44. > :02:47.called 3G pitches. The rubber crumb is spread in between the artificial
:02:48. > :02:51.blades of grass to give it a natural feel. The Football Association is
:02:52. > :02:57.investing millions of pounds on them. But much of the rubber comes
:02:58. > :02:59.from shredded tyres and that has led professor Andrew Watterson at the
:03:00. > :03:04.University of Stirling to have serious concerns. Should people be
:03:05. > :03:11.worried about rubber crumb pitches? The pitches have been around for
:03:12. > :03:15.probably, in the UK, 17 or 18 years and the concern is that we don't
:03:16. > :03:25.know exactly whether or not they may have various potential help
:03:26. > :03:28.fracture. The recent investigation found cancer causing carcinogens in
:03:29. > :03:34.rubber crumb. So what is in the rubber? To find out, we have
:03:35. > :03:37.collected samples from pitches in three different places in England
:03:38. > :03:41.and sent them to be analysed. While we wait for the results, in
:03:42. > :03:44.Darlington, former NHS chief executive Nigel Maguire is also
:03:45. > :03:49.worried about the use of rubber crumb. His son Lewis Maguire, a keen
:03:50. > :03:54.goalkeeper, has played for years on the synthetic surfaces. He lived for
:03:55. > :04:00.football and played football all the time. Diving and getting -- back-up,
:04:01. > :04:05.even if it is an easy catch, it gets into your face, cuts and grazes. He
:04:06. > :04:08.was in the middle of a football trial for Leeds United and midway
:04:09. > :04:14.through was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. I was watching Sky Sports
:04:15. > :04:18.News and it said 3G pitches were linked to cancer. In the UK, tens of
:04:19. > :04:24.thousands of people use 3G pitches every week and they are not just
:04:25. > :04:29.popular here. Last year, former US soccer coach Abie Griffin said she
:04:30. > :04:34.had been contacted by over 200 US athletes who use artificial surfaces
:04:35. > :04:37.regularly and have developed forms of cancer. The massive percentage
:04:38. > :04:43.were footballers and of them, a massive percentage were goalkeepers.
:04:44. > :04:47.Shredded car tyres contain known carcinogens and known toxins. If we
:04:48. > :04:52.know this, where is the research that says it is safe? While there is
:04:53. > :04:55.no evidence to link Lewis's illness to the rubber crumb, in Holland,
:04:56. > :05:00.several pitches have been ripped up over these health concerns. Closer
:05:01. > :05:03.to home, worries have been raised in Liverpool and Lincolnshire, where a
:05:04. > :05:09.proposed new pitch has now been scrapped. Back at the lab and at the
:05:10. > :05:15.results of our tests are in. We had three samples of the 3G infill crumb
:05:16. > :05:19.and these have toxic properties and some of them are known to be
:05:20. > :05:23.carcinogenic. Also, all three samples were found to have trace
:05:24. > :05:30.amounts of toxic metals, in particular cadmium, chromium and
:05:31. > :05:37.lead. The majority of toxins we found were in very low levels. The
:05:38. > :05:41.toughest standards for rubber are those for use in toys but even in
:05:42. > :05:44.our random tests, we found one carcinogenic higher than toy levels.
:05:45. > :05:49.Despite this, the FA and Scottish FA told us that when they had tested
:05:50. > :05:52.rubber crumb, it has met European toy standards and other recent
:05:53. > :06:00.studies in Holland but the risk is no negligible. -- as negligible. Do
:06:01. > :06:03.we need an industry standard? There is an argument for saying it should
:06:04. > :06:07.be the toughest and a possible and that should be the toy standard for
:06:08. > :06:11.crumb pitches. There are alternatives, things like Cork and
:06:12. > :06:16.other services that we know don't present the same potential hazards
:06:17. > :06:20.that crumb rubber does. Sport England, who advised the FA, told a
:06:21. > :06:22.state of the concerns very seriously but that tests they have monitored
:06:23. > :06:28.have identified no risk to human health. However, they did say they
:06:29. > :06:32.are in the process of developing a tougher new voluntary industry
:06:33. > :06:38.standard with the trade association for the pitch industry. I would like
:06:39. > :06:43.there to be a proliferation of safe pitches for our children and young
:06:44. > :06:49.people to play on regularly. That is what I want.
:06:50. > :06:54.Thank you, Jessica and good to hear from Jessica that Sport England is
:06:55. > :06:58.looking at bringing in a new higher safety standards for these pitches.
:06:59. > :07:03.They are voluntary but maybe we are going some way to reassure people of
:07:04. > :07:08.the safety use. Now, Sanjeev, hello... We are getting used to
:07:09. > :07:13.seeing you on our screens as a TV detective, de DI Sunny, and like all
:07:14. > :07:19.classic detectives, they all have something to define you by. Sherlock
:07:20. > :07:26.Holmes has his hat. You have got a rucksack. This is an interesting
:07:27. > :07:30.one, what is all this about? Well, on the first series, obviously I
:07:31. > :07:36.just needed something to carry stuff around in, which is what a bag, or
:07:37. > :07:46.rucksack, is used for. Stop like this? -- stuff like this? That has
:07:47. > :07:52.come directly from my house, obviously. You can only see that
:07:53. > :07:55.put, the other one has one of those on. There was a lot of speculation
:07:56. > :08:02.online last year about what I keep in my rucksack so this year, I asked
:08:03. > :08:10.the costume people to... That was light contents. It is full of stuff.
:08:11. > :08:15.There it is again. It is heavier. Well spotted. And how much weight on
:08:16. > :08:19.that one? It is a mystery. So I asked the costume people to just the
:08:20. > :08:23.little. And surprise me, so each week, I don't know what is in it
:08:24. > :08:30.until I start filming. What's in the bag? Well, Unforgotten is back on
:08:31. > :08:34.Thursday on ITV and here you are with your crime solving partner
:08:35. > :08:39.discussing the case so far. Did you believe her? It is hard to tell on
:08:40. > :08:46.the phone but she seemed pretty stunned. Then my guess is that James
:08:47. > :08:50.Gregory was right. David Walker never told her anything about the
:08:51. > :08:54.abuse. Did she give us a reason for not giving us her best friend's name
:08:55. > :08:58.and number? She said she didn't consider Gregory a close friend,
:08:59. > :09:03.which is fair enough, I suppose, given the little contact he and
:09:04. > :09:06.Walker had had. Or she just didn't want us to speak to him because what
:09:07. > :09:13.he told us gives her a motive. Maybe.
:09:14. > :09:17.Sanjeev, this is a case that has spread over multiple episodes about
:09:18. > :09:22.a man who went missing in the 1990s, but the interesting thing is it
:09:23. > :09:26.seems to encompass lots of different genres of drama. There we saw you in
:09:27. > :09:30.a very domesticated setting. The fun thing about detective shows is the
:09:31. > :09:34.audience are the detective. We discover the clues at the same time
:09:35. > :09:39.as the telly detectives do and the twist for us are as they are for
:09:40. > :09:44.them. That is the fun for them. The thing I liked about the show, first
:09:45. > :09:49.series and this one, and Chris Lang gets the credit, it is really four
:09:50. > :09:53.dramas hidden within a whodunnit. We do want to find out who was the
:09:54. > :09:57.perpetrator at the end, but along the way, there are these four
:09:58. > :10:01.stories that not only look at who may be involved, it looks at the
:10:02. > :10:05.impact of a crime on the families as well, particularly with historical
:10:06. > :10:10.crime and in this case, as you said, the 1990s. 20 years of people having
:10:11. > :10:16.dealt lives, respectability and it is a house of cards, so that knock
:10:17. > :10:20.on the door that says we want to talk about this person, the whole
:10:21. > :10:24.foundation crumbs. Sorry, but I want to go back to this bag, it is a key
:10:25. > :10:31.part of your character. Let's have a look at what else is in it. Assigned
:10:32. > :10:43.Roger Moore picture frame. What is this related to? As Roger Moore:
:10:44. > :10:50.Well, I am actually Roger Moore. This is a bid to work more as Roger
:10:51. > :10:54.Moore. He is a massive show up -- fan of the show. He messaged me to
:10:55. > :10:58.say well done and he is one of my absolute heroes. I had a James Bond
:10:59. > :11:05.poster on my wall when I was a kid and so to hear from him is just
:11:06. > :11:11.thrilling. It is very cool. Huge congratulations. It does continue as
:11:12. > :11:13.we said on Thursday. Now, people who run legitimate newspapers, websites
:11:14. > :11:18.and TV channels are becoming increasingly worried that people may
:11:19. > :11:22.be fooled into believing that fake news is real. It has come to a head
:11:23. > :11:24.since the election of Donald Trump and now British politicians and
:11:25. > :11:30.journalists want to do something about it.
:11:31. > :11:34.Fake news. It is the insult on everyone's lips. It is all fake
:11:35. > :11:38.news, it is phoney stuff. We are used to stories that are just out --
:11:39. > :11:46.too outrageous to be true. But this is different, exposing conspiracies
:11:47. > :11:52.and hoax news is on the rise. Some of it may designed -- be designed to
:11:53. > :11:57.click on links to make money for someone out there in cyberspace.
:11:58. > :12:01.Some isn't. Angela Merkel and Denzel Washington have both been targets.
:12:02. > :12:05.What a responsibility you all have to tell the truth. We don't care who
:12:06. > :12:09.we hurt and destroy or if it is true, just say it, sell it. In
:12:10. > :12:15.Germany, social media pages claim a mob of Muslims attacked police and
:12:16. > :12:20.set fire to Germany's oldest church. The police said no such event
:12:21. > :12:24.occurred. It is because of this that Facebook is introducing tools to
:12:25. > :12:28.allow users to flag potentially false stories. Strangely, many of
:12:29. > :12:33.them originate out of reach of regulators in a small town in
:12:34. > :12:38.Macedonia. The President-elect was happy to exploit a famous fake news
:12:39. > :12:43.story about his predecessor. I would like to have him show his birth
:12:44. > :12:48.certificate. If he can't, then he has pulled one of the great columns
:12:49. > :12:52.in the history of politics. But last week, he turned the phrase against
:12:53. > :12:57.the legitimate broadcaster. I am not going to give you a question, you
:12:58. > :13:04.are fake news. Go ahead. That was quite something. Amol Rajan
:13:05. > :13:09.is with us, who used it ended -- edit the Independent and is now the
:13:10. > :13:13.BBC media editor. We are all aware of these stories but what is so
:13:14. > :13:17.important about fake news now? As that brilliant film showed, fake
:13:18. > :13:20.news has been around a long time, journalists have been getting things
:13:21. > :13:24.wrong a long time, I used to get things wrong on a daily basis but
:13:25. > :13:27.what is new is the rise of social media, where more and more of us are
:13:28. > :13:31.spending more of our lives means there are people who have a
:13:32. > :13:34.political agenda, maybe want to get a Donald Trump elected, or they want
:13:35. > :13:38.to make a quick buck and are able to use social media to spread
:13:39. > :13:42.deliberate lies really fast. So you make something up, you watch it go
:13:43. > :13:45.completely viral and either you achieve some sort of political end
:13:46. > :13:51.or you influence debate or you make a lot of money. Two big examples
:13:52. > :13:54.last year, fake Usain Denzel Washington had backed Donald Trump,
:13:55. > :13:59.which he never did, and that the Pope had. Millions of people read
:14:00. > :14:04.that stuff. Some will have known it was fake but some wouldn't and it is
:14:05. > :14:14.possible those people voted for Trump as a result. Your job is to
:14:15. > :14:17.now comment on what people talk about on these platforms. 50% of
:14:18. > :14:20.people are using social media as a source of news so how do you and all
:14:21. > :14:26.of those people who use social media spot what is a fake story?
:14:27. > :14:33.If you saw this amazing piece of news that said Sanjeev is going to
:14:34. > :14:36.be the next James Bond, you would say that's amazing and you would
:14:37. > :14:40.click on it, you think I like Sanjeev... It's going to generate a
:14:41. > :14:43.bit of noise. You would read it. Yeah even as a newspaper editor as a
:14:44. > :14:47.media editor at the BBC I have to say fake news is tempting. So for
:14:48. > :14:49.people that click on fake news please, please don't worry because
:14:50. > :14:52.you are not doing anything wrong but it's worth saying that companies are
:14:53. > :14:56.now starting to take it more seriously. Something is being done.
:14:57. > :15:00.Facebook have said in America they're going to make it easier to
:15:01. > :15:03.flag stuff that you think looks suspicion, they also announced that
:15:04. > :15:07.week they're going to roll that out in Germany. It's not just Facebook.
:15:08. > :15:10.The BBC has this service called reality check which is a
:15:11. > :15:13.fact-checking service, if they see something on social media that looks
:15:14. > :15:17.dodgy, lots of people are talking about it, the BBC has independent
:15:18. > :15:22.fact-Chequers who will get called in to do a blog and you can find it
:15:23. > :15:26.online, BBC reality check and it's all there. Hopefully as a result we
:15:27. > :15:29.will be able to start taking the fight to fake news rather than watch
:15:30. > :15:34.it undermine democracy which is what it is in danger of doing now. Do we
:15:35. > :15:39.not have to know who the fact checkers are? I think we trust the
:15:40. > :15:41.BBC. Beyond that. Facebook, in Germany they've employed this
:15:42. > :15:44.particular group who are seen to be independent and fair. They've done
:15:45. > :15:48.the same thing in America. Ultimately, you have to trust some
:15:49. > :15:52.people to tell the truth. The BBC has a particular role of doing that,
:15:53. > :15:56.but it's clear in the age of Donald Trump it's going to become harder to
:15:57. > :16:00.say something and to get away with it without someone saying you are
:16:01. > :16:04.fake news. I would like people to repeat the thing about me being
:16:05. > :16:14.James Bond. Repeat that. Back me up, yeah. Not
:16:15. > :16:17.happening says the media! Fake stories aren't just a modern
:16:18. > :16:22.phenomenon. Ruth has been finding out about one of the most famous
:16:23. > :16:27.from over 100 years ago. Among the millions of specimens here
:16:28. > :16:33.at the natural history museum are the remains of one of the most
:16:34. > :16:39.infamous mysteries, the Piltdown. Fragments of skull are, a set of
:16:40. > :16:42.teeth and jaw bone were unearthed in 1912 in Sussex. There was a
:16:43. > :16:47.discovery that seemed to provide the final piece of the puzzle in the
:16:48. > :16:52.human family tree. Surely this was the missing link
:16:53. > :16:57.between man and ape. Proof that Darwin's theory of
:16:58. > :17:03.evolution was right. Scientists were in awe. And Winton
:17:04. > :17:08.Churchill hailed the men behind the discovery as the Lords of creation.
:17:09. > :17:15.But it was too good to be true. 40 years later, it was exposed as a
:17:16. > :17:21.remarkable fraud, designed to hoodwink the scientific community
:17:22. > :17:25.and the public. In 1953 new techniques revealed that
:17:26. > :17:31.the fossils were too modern to be the missing link. And the remains
:17:32. > :17:37.weren't all human. The jaw came from an orang-utan. So who was
:17:38. > :17:41.responsible for this elaborate hoax? Human origins expert Professor Chris
:17:42. > :17:47.Stringer has been examining the evidence for years. A number of
:17:48. > :17:52.suspects. These are three key ones. Arthur Smith Woodward, he was keeper
:17:53. > :17:58.of geology at this museum in 1912. And here we have Charles Dawson, a
:17:59. > :18:02.solicitor but amateur prehistorian. Dawson contacted Smith Woodward and
:18:03. > :18:07.told him he thought he found important remains. They began
:18:08. > :18:12.digging at Piltdown in 1912. What did they find? Well, they soon
:18:13. > :18:17.recovered more pieces of skull and soon they recovered this jaw bone.
:18:18. > :18:23.These were put together to form a primitive human that became known as
:18:24. > :18:28.Piltdown. Not long after, when he was working alone, Dawson discovered
:18:29. > :18:32.a second set of remains nearby. They became known as Piltdown two. People
:18:33. > :18:37.had some doubts about Piltdownman. Many were convinced by the second
:18:38. > :18:42.discovery. Could Smith Woodward or Charles Dawson be the fraudster?
:18:43. > :18:45.Well, Smith Woodward was already a famous scientist so I think he had a
:18:46. > :18:50.lot to lose in doing something like this. When we come on to Charles
:18:51. > :18:54.Dawson, some people felt that Dawson didn't have the skills to produce
:18:55. > :18:57.something which fooled many of the world's leading experts for many
:18:58. > :19:03.years. And there was another suspect. None other than the father
:19:04. > :19:09.of detective fiction Arthur Conan Doyle. How did he get mixed up in
:19:10. > :19:14.this? Well, he lived near Piltdown. He visited the site. He actually
:19:15. > :19:18.gave Charles Dawson a lift in his car sometimes. He was interested in
:19:19. > :19:22.spirituality and communicating with the dead and he was mocked for that
:19:23. > :19:25.by scientists. So there might have been a motivation there to get back
:19:26. > :19:30.at the scientists. So here are our three suspects.
:19:31. > :19:39.The expert, the amateur, and the eminent writer.
:19:40. > :19:45.They've used latest scientific techniques to search for the
:19:46. > :19:51.culprit. She thinks they may have the answer.
:19:52. > :19:56.When you look at the pieces of gravel, that's the sand from
:19:57. > :20:00.Piltdown that the - that was inside the jaw, it would have made it
:20:01. > :20:05.appear it was lying in the soil for a long time. After that he would
:20:06. > :20:09.have taken the teeth out, one at a time, ground them flat to make them
:20:10. > :20:12.look like humans, because an orang-utan tooth does not wear flat
:20:13. > :20:18.like human teeth. Is there anything to say who forged it? Well, the real
:20:19. > :20:23.smoking gun here is when we combined the analysis together with the DNA
:20:24. > :20:27.analysis it's very clear that the specimen is from Piltdown one and
:20:28. > :20:33.Piltdown two, come from a single orang-utan. Really, so two
:20:34. > :20:40.individuals, but they're made out of one orang-utan jaw? Yes, that's
:20:41. > :20:44.right. In all this new science that must mean that our forger is...
:20:45. > :20:50.Charles Dawson. He is the only one ever associated with the material
:20:51. > :20:57.from the Piltdown two site. Charles Dawson, a fame hungry
:20:58. > :21:03.amateur, is our man. 60 years on since the hoax was uncovered the
:21:04. > :21:09.mystery of the Piltdown Man has finally been solved.
:21:10. > :21:15.And the supersleuth is with us now! That was brilliant. It's like a new
:21:16. > :21:24.department. Factual crime drama! It's amazing. So you have some more
:21:25. > :21:32.crimes. I have. I am on a roll now. I am going to test your skills.
:21:33. > :21:39.Where is my pineapple? First to Australia in 2012 where scientists
:21:40. > :21:45.discovered a mass grave with 50 Skeltons of giant wombats. You have
:21:46. > :21:53.to work out if it's fake or real. What do you reckon? My instinctive
:21:54. > :21:59.response is that it is fake. Each one the size of a rhino. I am
:22:00. > :22:04.sticking with the fake thing. Not sure how clear Eric make it. I think
:22:05. > :22:14.it's fake. Wrong. I knew it. Yeah, I knew it. It is true. I was doing the
:22:15. > :22:21.double bluff. We have an image of a model. That's the life-size, how it
:22:22. > :22:28.would have looked. That's not a wombat! Alongside it they also found
:22:29. > :22:40.giant kangaroos two-and-a-half metres tall. Yeah, obviously! Moving
:22:41. > :22:47.on. Let's go to Japan. Yes, it's a marvellous different scene. I am
:22:48. > :22:56.going to read this out because I am not going at the Japanese. Shinichi
:22:57. > :23:02.Fujimura, I think, now he discovered a series of stone fragments which he
:23:03. > :23:11.believed were part of a structure, part of pillars holding up a
:23:12. > :23:18.primitive structure and he dated the pieces to 600,000 years ago. What do
:23:19. > :23:33.you reckon, fake or real? That was false. Fake. Bang on that man! We
:23:34. > :23:46.have 30 seconds to go to Austria. This turned up last year, it's a
:23:47. > :23:51.clay tablet with Sumerian cuneiform. Is that like a school uniform? It's
:23:52. > :23:55.an early form of writing, they press it into the clay tablet. Let's go
:23:56. > :24:03.with real. Did you look at the picture? I didn't, no. Look at the
:24:04. > :24:12.picture! I can only see The One Show. Oh, that. Yes, OK! I have one
:24:13. > :24:17.of those. This was an art piece. The artist made it in perfectly good
:24:18. > :24:23.faith and somebody else photographed it and put it up as a fake news
:24:24. > :24:30.story. I bet someone believed it. Thank you. I think you have room for
:24:31. > :24:35.improvement there. Not much! Nothing fake about our next film which is
:24:36. > :24:38.about a caterpillar but don't be fooled by its beautiful smiley face.
:24:39. > :24:44.Because if you upset this then you will be sorry.
:24:45. > :24:46.Caterpillars are among the most weird and wonderful creatures on the
:24:47. > :24:50.planet. But you might be surprised to know
:24:51. > :24:56.that one of the most outlandish can be found right here in the UK.
:24:57. > :25:00.There is one that has such attitude it is even capable of squirting
:25:01. > :25:13.acid. It could be living at the bottom of your garden.
:25:14. > :25:20.I give you the beautiful and bizarre caterpillar. The name comes from the
:25:21. > :25:27.Moth it becomes. It is covered in soft cat-like fur. Any passing bird
:25:28. > :25:30.or insect could be forgiven for thinking it's an easy snack but when
:25:31. > :25:34.you are a tempting target for a whole range of predators you have to
:25:35. > :25:43.come up with some pretty shrewd self-defence.
:25:44. > :25:50.Dr Rowlands is going to show us some of the tactics that this caterpillar
:25:51. > :25:54.has up its sleeve. It has huge suite of defences to
:25:55. > :26:00.ward off different predators. If I was a bird predator I would come
:26:01. > :26:03.along with a beak. I am going to use my fingers like they're the beak but
:26:04. > :26:11.I am going to be nicer than a bird would be. Look what it does. Look at
:26:12. > :26:14.that reaction! That face is amazing. Complete with eye spots and a large
:26:15. > :26:20.smiley mouth. It's very startling. If I was a predator I would be
:26:21. > :26:26.scared. That's the head. What about the tail end? Caterpillars aren't
:26:27. > :26:31.just attacked by birds, they're attacked by parasitic flying insects
:26:32. > :26:34.that lay their eggs in the body of caterpillars and then eat the
:26:35. > :26:44.caterpillars. Pretty horrible. This is what they do to put them off.
:26:45. > :26:50.It's flicking that tail back at you. Can you see the bright pink whips
:26:51. > :26:57.that come out. It's like boot laces. They would put off a biting insect.
:26:58. > :27:02.If these deterrents don't work they can employ the ultimate weapon in
:27:03. > :27:07.its arsenal, acid. That's what Hannah is hoping to show us. You
:27:08. > :27:11.have to put goggles on. Let battle commence. We are setting up a
:27:12. > :27:17.special camera to film the caterpillar in super slow motion.
:27:18. > :27:21.I will just squeeze around where a bird would pick it up. It doesn't
:27:22. > :27:29.like it. There we go. Look at that. That's astonishing.
:27:30. > :27:35.Our slow-motion camera reveals a specialised slit underneath the
:27:36. > :27:39.mouth. In a fraction of a second it squirts out two pressurised jets of
:27:40. > :27:45.acid. It is squirting acid on to the plate. Just to prove it, the litmus
:27:46. > :27:51.test. Red shows it is definitely acid.
:27:52. > :27:55.Why would a caterpillar squirt something so nasty as this? If a
:27:56. > :28:00.bird hasn't been put off by the bright pink face with the fake eye
:28:01. > :28:05.spots or those pink whips coming out of the tail, then the last line of
:28:06. > :28:07.defence is to squirt formic acid so a predator will drop that
:28:08. > :28:12.caterpillar and it will live to fight another day.
:28:13. > :28:18.Even in the next stage of life on the way to becoming a Moth it
:28:19. > :28:25.doesn't let its guard down. It creates a combination of its own
:28:26. > :28:31.silk and the bark it has chewed off the tree making it hard to touch.
:28:32. > :28:39.Also beautifully camouflaged. It's official, this caterpillar is as
:28:40. > :28:45.tough as old boots. That's all we have time for. Thanks
:28:46. > :28:50.to Sanjeev. Unforgotten continues on Thursday at 9.00pm. Tomorrow we will
:28:51. > :28:57.have the people who created this and they'll have a special trick for us.
:28:58. > :29:07.We will also be joined by Una Stubbs, Katherine Ryan and
:29:08. > :29:14.Let me see them hands up. Let's do this.
:29:15. > :29:18.Glastonbury! Make some noise!