:00:18. > :00:23.hello and welcome to the One Show with Matt Baker. And yes, welcome
:00:24. > :00:30.back to Alex, fresh from the Philippines, lovely to have you
:00:31. > :00:34.back. It is likely to be back. I was therefore Sport Relief, looking at
:00:35. > :00:40.the devastating... It has been a long day. Devastating type who that
:00:41. > :00:45.swept through in last November. --typhoon. Next week you will have
:00:46. > :00:50.the chance to help. Because thanks to you, we are a show that likes to
:00:51. > :00:54.get things done and we have proof tonight, the dramatic updates on two
:00:55. > :00:58.stories. One, a group of residents whose homes and futures were
:00:59. > :01:03.blighted through no fault of their own. The other is a remarkable story
:01:04. > :01:07.of a nun whose life might have been saved after a doctor who happen to
:01:08. > :01:11.be watching her on the show realised something was wrong. It is an
:01:12. > :01:16.incredible story. And joining us is a man who I am sure we'll have a lot
:01:17. > :01:23.to say on those subjects and any subject, in fact, it is Simon
:01:24. > :01:30.Callow! Nice to see you again. Thank you, lovely to be here on your new
:01:31. > :01:32.premises. Yes, your first time here. You have a brand-new one-man
:01:33. > :01:37.Shakespeare play which we will talk about later, but in her acceptance
:01:38. > :01:41.speech, Dame Helen Mirren quoted from the Tempest, she said, in my
:01:42. > :01:48.best Helen Mirren, "We are such stuff as dreams are made on."
:01:49. > :01:53.Doesn't sound anything like her. It was good. Thank you. Which
:01:54. > :01:58.Shakespeare line would sum up your life? I don't know if it sums up my
:01:59. > :02:05.life but I would like people to talk about what Hamlet says about
:02:06. > :02:12.Yorick, a man of infinite jest and excellent fancy. It would look good
:02:13. > :02:16.on your tomb. And you are in the thespian vibe at the moment, you are
:02:17. > :02:24.going between rehearsals. Later on, we are showing a film about the
:02:25. > :02:29.history of men's underwear, so... I'm something of an authority. Are
:02:30. > :02:34.you a boxer or a briefs man, and do you have lucky pants? I am a boxer
:02:35. > :02:40.man but I have not located my lucky pants. I am hoping some kind of you
:02:41. > :02:42.will be sending some informative. When you are in character, do you
:02:43. > :02:49.wear characterful underwear as well? On the whole, I wear my own,
:02:50. > :02:56.but sometimes you have to wear period underwear. In Shakespeare In
:02:57. > :03:01.Love, I wore period underwear. How was that? Had someone else worn it
:03:02. > :03:07.before you? They were freshly made and freshly laundered! On lucky
:03:08. > :03:13.pants? If you have a pair stored away in a drawer, keep it clean and
:03:14. > :03:19.send us a picture. Yes, please keep it clean and we do not want you
:03:20. > :03:24.wearing your pants. Just holding them up tastefully. Spoilsport. Send
:03:25. > :03:29.your pictures to theoneshow@bbc.co.uk and we will
:03:30. > :03:34.show the luckiest briefly later. Very good. Here we go, this is a
:03:35. > :03:38.classic case of what happens next. Cast your minds back over three
:03:39. > :03:42.years to an edition of the One Show when, I remember, as my first ever,
:03:43. > :03:49.but for one contributor, it was a lot more important than that.
:03:50. > :03:56.It is an enclosed content which doesn't normally mix with the
:03:57. > :04:01.outside world. -- con vent. That was 2010, it was Alex's first
:04:02. > :04:07.show, would be gold work was on the sofa and three of the sisters from
:04:08. > :04:15.this convent had agreed to speak to us. One of the nuns we spoke to was
:04:16. > :04:19.Sister Aelred. When you first -- we first came here come you didn't plan
:04:20. > :04:23.to be interviewed. It wasn't on the cards at all. One of the people who
:04:24. > :04:26.had come with you as if they could interview me as well and I said,
:04:27. > :04:34.OK, as long as it is with the other two. The video greeting came on with
:04:35. > :04:39.the three nuns and with Sister Aelred in a centre. I said to my
:04:40. > :04:43.wife, I think the middle none is speaking as though her tongue was
:04:44. > :04:47.too large for her mouth -- the middle nun. I noticed also that she
:04:48. > :04:52.had thickening of the soft tissues of the face, the lips, the nose, the
:04:53. > :04:56.forehead, all of which are fairly classical external signs of this
:04:57. > :05:01.condition. Two days after the One Show had gone out, the producers
:05:02. > :05:04.said they had been contacted by a doctor who says he is quite sure
:05:05. > :05:13.that the middle of the three sisters has got a rare condition called
:05:14. > :05:19.acrolegame. Speak quite how did you feel? I thought I should be sensible
:05:20. > :05:23.and I e-mailed him and said I was the person, and would he get back to
:05:24. > :05:31.me? He replied immediately with a very good email explaining what it
:05:32. > :05:36.was. It is nearly always due to an overgrowth on the pituitary gland,
:05:37. > :05:39.and this is a benign tumour of the pituitary which is producing too
:05:40. > :05:43.much growth hormones, so the body is seeing an access growth hormone. So
:05:44. > :05:46.it happens very, very slowly and often happens during the second half
:05:47. > :05:51.of life and it is just very difficult for the individuals
:05:52. > :05:57.themselves to up. In every 1 million of the population, there will
:05:58. > :06:03.probably be three or four cases diagnosed every year, so it really
:06:04. > :06:08.is very rare. As things progress, I was referred to a wonderful surgeon
:06:09. > :06:15.in Southampton, and he saw the tumour and he said it was a big one,
:06:16. > :06:22.and I said I felt well, I don't feel I need the surgery and he said that
:06:23. > :06:26.if I don't have it, it will undoubtedly shorten your life, so I
:06:27. > :06:34.said I would have it. I didn't want to die before I have two. When it
:06:35. > :06:37.came to the celebration for my 50th anniversary, I said to the
:06:38. > :06:46.community, wouldn't it be lovely to invite the doctor and his wife? When
:06:47. > :06:49.I met Sister Aelred for the first time, I thought she looked
:06:50. > :06:56.terrific, healthier and rather younger, I would say, and she just
:06:57. > :07:00.looked very, very well. It seems to be extraordinary that a busy
:07:01. > :07:03.consultant, whose speciality was endocrinology, should have been
:07:04. > :07:09.watching the One Show when he came home from work. And should have
:07:10. > :07:15.noticed and taken the trouble to do something about it. That still
:07:16. > :07:27.amazes me. Is this all just a coincidence? I don't think there is
:07:28. > :07:30.any such thing. What a story, and best wishes to Sister Aelred for
:07:31. > :07:33.continued good health. I remember her well. Speak Roddy just goes to
:07:34. > :07:41.show commune of a know who is watching and what will happen. So,
:07:42. > :07:45.Simon, you are back on the stage in Being Shakespeare, a one-man play
:07:46. > :07:50.but not written by the Bard himself. So can you give us a flavour of what
:07:51. > :07:54.the play is about? It is about Shakespeare, obviously. It is an
:07:55. > :08:01.attempt to get inside this man about whom we know so little. So it is his
:08:02. > :08:07.life? It is a humorous life -- human life. His most famous quote is
:08:08. > :08:09.perhaps" all the world is a stage..." And the person who speaks
:08:10. > :08:14.that takes you through the seven ages of man and so we take you
:08:15. > :08:20.through that and the first age is a baby. What was it like to be an
:08:21. > :08:23.Elizabethan baby? If all of them were like this, Shakespeare must
:08:24. > :08:28.have been like that and what are in the play is about the treatment of
:08:29. > :08:31.babies? Lots. So bit by bit, like an echo chamber, you start to get an
:08:32. > :08:36.impression of what it might have been like. Is it in the
:08:37. > :08:41.Shakespearean verse? Not at all. It is me probing this question of what
:08:42. > :08:45.the journey of William Shakespeare might have been. And of course, the
:08:46. > :08:48.journey of William Shakespeare is the journey of all others, because
:08:49. > :08:57.he is the one at all writers that we know best understood what it is to
:08:58. > :09:03.be the human being. I was reading, one of the first book she connected
:09:04. > :09:08.with were Shakespeare, and this year is the 450th anniversary of the
:09:09. > :09:12.Bard's birth, and the RSC are saying children as young as five years old
:09:13. > :09:17.should be exposed to his work. Is that too young? It is too young to
:09:18. > :09:20.expose people to the actual texts, because they are difficult,
:09:21. > :09:24.difficult for adults, even, but the stories are fantastic and I
:09:25. > :09:28.passionately believe they should be exposed to the stories and the great
:09:29. > :09:34.fact is that our great national genius, probably the greatest
:09:35. > :09:39.writer, was a playwright, so they are plays and they are about the
:09:40. > :09:43.relationship of people to each other. And great characters.
:09:44. > :09:48.Wonderful characters in great situations exploring the emotions we
:09:49. > :09:53.can have. Kids can relate to all of that very easily. Something like A
:09:54. > :09:56.Midsummer Night's Dream is perfect for children. Absolutely. And as we
:09:57. > :10:00.know from the movie of Romeo and Juliet, it is a story of action and
:10:01. > :10:05.excitement and love and all of those things are very accessible. As an
:10:06. > :10:09.actor, you have done an eclectic mix of characters and we hear, is this
:10:10. > :10:15.right, that you would like to be in EastEnders? I long to be in
:10:16. > :10:20.EastEnders. We nearly fell off our chairs when we heard that. My great
:10:21. > :10:25.friend and Mitchell is in it and has been magnificent and I would love to
:10:26. > :10:27.be in it. The great thing about EastEnders Coronation Street or
:10:28. > :10:32.whatever come you get a character and you can go deeper and deeper and
:10:33. > :10:36.deeper. In a play, you have two and a half hours of the character but in
:10:37. > :10:41.EastEnders or Coronation Street, you have years of the full life story of
:10:42. > :10:46.a person and can redefine something fantastic that people relate to. We
:10:47. > :10:49.were banging our heads together. We thought you would have a stall in
:10:50. > :10:54.the market, and this is what it would look like if you did. Selling
:10:55. > :11:00.old-fashioned books. I will send that in, that will be my audition. I
:11:01. > :11:05.would fancy playing a bookmaker. When I was young, as a young actor,
:11:06. > :11:10.I played a character who was a bookie at the Derby, and I got a
:11:11. > :11:13.review in the Sporting Life Sentence Case Which Said I Played It As If I
:11:14. > :11:23.Had Been One All My Life, Said That Is The Best Review. -- as if I had
:11:24. > :11:26.played it all my life, which is the best review. And you can see Being
:11:27. > :11:33.Shakespeare from Harold Pinter Theatre Theatre tomorrow. George
:11:34. > :11:35.Eustice today reveal details of the ?10 million fund to help farmers
:11:36. > :11:40.affected by the floods and the Government says it is spending more
:11:41. > :11:45.than ever before on flood defences. Anita has been to Holland to see
:11:46. > :11:50.what serious investment can buy you. The Dutch spend over ?1 billion
:11:51. > :11:55.every year on flood management and prevention, twice what we spend in
:11:56. > :12:00.the UK, despite being a sixth of our size and having a tenth of our
:12:01. > :12:05.population. I am in Rotterdam, in the Netherlands. Now, this is a city
:12:06. > :12:09.under siege from water, because 80% of it is below sea level. If it
:12:10. > :12:15.didn't have its defences, it would be under 1-2 metres of water, around
:12:16. > :12:21.six feet. And in the worst areas, it could be under six metres of water,
:12:22. > :12:24.the height of a two story house. In 1953, Rotterdam suffered
:12:25. > :12:30.catastrophic flooding. Nearly 2,000 people were killed. As a result, the
:12:31. > :12:36.Dutch decided to take action so a disaster like that could never
:12:37. > :12:39.happen again. Rotterdam is at risk of flooding in four different
:12:40. > :12:43.directions. Rainwater, ground water, but you have also got the sea in
:12:44. > :12:47.that direction and rivers that flow in from Germany over there, so if it
:12:48. > :12:52.wasn't for their flood defences, this place wouldn't stand a chance.
:12:53. > :12:56.But there is a twist to how they deal with the flood threat. The
:12:57. > :13:00.Dutch strategy is to keep their enemy close. It is not just a case
:13:01. > :13:05.of fighting to keep the water at bay, they channel its power and work
:13:06. > :13:09.with the water as well as against it. I am taking a trip around the
:13:10. > :13:15.city to find out more. Let's start with this. It looks like a
:13:16. > :13:20.playground. Here we try to combine a theatre and a basketball field with
:13:21. > :13:26.water storage and this is what we call a water playground. It is built
:13:27. > :13:29.and designed to cope with the excessive rainfall. Raindrops
:13:30. > :13:34.falling on the roof and slowly, they will go through the gutter system
:13:35. > :13:40.into these basins. With this, we are creating or regenerating and
:13:41. > :13:45.actually, the sponge function of the city. Sponge function? I love that.
:13:46. > :13:51.So because it is so concrete now, there is no sponge function. That is
:13:52. > :13:56.what is happening, it is the combination of urbanisation and
:13:57. > :14:01.climate change making a lack of water storage in cities. We want to
:14:02. > :14:06.do it in a multifunctional way. This Plaza holds the same amount of water
:14:07. > :14:11.as 8,500 bathtubs. There are two others like it in Rotterdam and
:14:12. > :14:14.plans to build more. Not all of the rainwater they collect is in places
:14:15. > :14:18.as obvious as this, though. I am being taken to the top of one of the
:14:19. > :14:25.city's high-rise buildings, with a special kind of roof. This is a
:14:26. > :14:30.green roof, no concrete. And this obviously has an important function?
:14:31. > :14:34.Yes, it makes a sponge on the top of the roof, catching the rainwater.
:14:35. > :14:39.This is a kind of mask that connects more water. The soil and the plans
:14:40. > :14:43.collect the water and keep it inside and if there is an overflow of
:14:44. > :14:48.water, it slowly goes down the roof, so we collect a lot of water. There
:14:49. > :14:53.are quite a few, do people have an incentive to change their roots?
:14:54. > :14:59.Yes, we pay a little money. Private people, 45 euros per square metre
:15:00. > :15:05.and we subsidise it to 30 euros. So most part, we pay to get it started.
:15:06. > :15:08.This is one of the easier assistance to implement because it can be built
:15:09. > :15:13.on any flat roof that is strong enough. We are already building them
:15:14. > :15:16.in the UK but unlike the Dutch, our government doesn't offer subsidies
:15:17. > :15:23.to build them. So when was the last time Rotterdam flooded? And very,
:15:24. > :15:27.very long time ago but only in small places have had problems in the last
:15:28. > :15:31.year. Like in many urban areas, heavy rainfall in Rotterdam flows
:15:32. > :15:35.into the sewage systems and as we have seen in the UK, the systems can
:15:36. > :15:41.overflow. But this car park has been built with a giant basin underneath
:15:42. > :15:48.that holds enough overflow sewage to fill four Olympic sized swimming
:15:49. > :15:53.pools, keeping it off the streets. There is a big cheese, all the
:15:54. > :16:00.sewage water comes through, we open the Volvo and all the sewage water
:16:01. > :16:10.runs below this right. So it is basically a sewage overflow. We
:16:11. > :16:16.flush it again like a toilet. Who would've thought you could do a
:16:17. > :16:28.sewage overflow under a car park! Let's use it. The idea is free, use
:16:29. > :16:33.it! I can't help but be seriously impressed with the creativity of the
:16:34. > :16:43.Dutch. They have a long-term vision and a short-term action plan to make
:16:44. > :16:52.it happen. I find that fascinating! I am not sure about going on the
:16:53. > :16:58.tour! One British flood victim who build their own flood defence is Sam
:16:59. > :17:04.Notaro. The good news is, the water is going down and his home-made
:17:05. > :17:08.ramparts did their job. Tony is also here. Last week we spoke about the
:17:09. > :17:17.residents of Plainfield, outside Glasgow, and told their terrifying
:17:18. > :17:23.story. You have an update tonight? It's marvellous news. A week ago, I
:17:24. > :17:26.went to see Fiona in her garden and various other residents, their
:17:27. > :17:29.houses had been built on contaminated land. They had been
:17:30. > :17:37.landed with a bill of ?600,000 to remove it. No way they could afford
:17:38. > :17:42.it. I left them in absolute despair. On the programme that night, the
:17:43. > :17:46.Chief Secretary of the Treasury announced that the UK Government
:17:47. > :17:50.will give ?255,000 and asked the Scottish Government to match it.
:17:51. > :17:59.Today the residents went to meet the Scottish finance secretary and he is
:18:00. > :18:02.what he said after that meeting. The Scottish Government is going to make
:18:03. > :18:09.available ?300,000 to undertake this work, it is important we get going
:18:10. > :18:14.quickly to resolve this issue and the money will be available whenever
:18:15. > :18:21.they require. Let's find out what they thought! It is just a lifeline
:18:22. > :18:24.for us, not just the families involved but all the residents in
:18:25. > :18:29.the whole area, it is magnificent news. Thanks to everyone who has
:18:30. > :18:40.been involved and supportive of everything we have done. Thank you,
:18:41. > :18:47.One Show. That is the people Power! Thank you very much indeed. As an
:18:48. > :18:53.actor, Simon is used to playing countless characters. But the one
:18:54. > :19:01.creature, being a master of disguise as a matter of life or death. Rock
:19:02. > :19:07.pools are home to a surprising array of creatures, all struggling to
:19:08. > :19:11.survive. But no two rock falls are the same and that can make them
:19:12. > :19:17.tricky places to live. Some have dark, rocky surfaces, others have
:19:18. > :19:21.pale, sandy bottoms. Scientists are discovering that these differences
:19:22. > :19:26.can have a striking effect on the animals that live in them. This is a
:19:27. > :19:32.sure crap but they are markedly different in colour. This one is
:19:33. > :19:36.paler, this one is darker brown. Yet they are the same as beaches. This
:19:37. > :19:44.colour different stored to be related to wear each crab grew up.
:19:45. > :19:48.Scientists believe they take on the appearance of the environment so
:19:49. > :19:53.once in sandy rock pools will be paler than those among black rock.
:19:54. > :19:57.The more they blend in with their surroundings, the safer they will
:19:58. > :20:02.be. If you can't change your own colour, there are other ways of
:20:03. > :20:05.manipulating the way you look. This doctor from Plymouth University has
:20:06. > :20:12.made remarkable discoveries about a different kind of crap, a hermit
:20:13. > :20:22.crab. They don't have a shell over the abdomen. The act almost like
:20:23. > :20:26.portable borrows. They are really quite fussy about what sort of shell
:20:27. > :20:30.they want to go in, they want a shell big enough to protect them. We
:20:31. > :20:39.found out that they are also fussy about the colour of the shell. We
:20:40. > :20:47.are putting dark shelled crabs onto a yellow background. And giving each
:20:48. > :20:56.one simulation tools to choose from. He's just investigating? Yes,
:20:57. > :21:04.probably what he is trying to do is get a sense of the internal volume
:21:05. > :21:12.of the shell. That's politics might -- that's brilliant! Once they have
:21:13. > :21:22.decided they're going to move, they want it" play. So it could save your
:21:23. > :21:31.life? It could maximise your chances of not being denied for someone
:21:32. > :21:36.else. He has found that 75% of the crabs he has tested can switch
:21:37. > :21:40.shells. Some new tests being carried out in Exeter have revealed another
:21:41. > :21:45.British creature taking camouflaged or whole new level. These and
:21:46. > :21:53.assuming fish spend their lives in rock pools. -- on assuming fish. Low
:21:54. > :21:57.tide, you can be vulnerable to predators like birds and at high
:21:58. > :22:09.tide commute can be attacked by live fish. But they have a trump card.
:22:10. > :22:36.They can change colour. And in under a minute, Now it is time to be
:22:37. > :22:48.released into the wild, to put their camouflage girls to good use who
:22:49. > :22:59.knows what other clever adaptations there are on our shores. Still to
:23:00. > :23:13.come, the history of if synthetic underwear to be banned
:23:14. > :23:21.in Russia and Belarus? It is true! People are being arrested for this.
:23:22. > :23:26.I would be in a state if they got rid of synthetic underwear! Rasputin
:23:27. > :23:29.wore the same underwear for six months! True! They said he's not
:23:30. > :23:43.like a goat. Here is the next film. My subject today is pants. No
:23:44. > :23:49.sniggering at the back, please. I'm speaking of the history of male
:23:50. > :23:54.underwear. It is 80 years since Jockey briefs revolutionised the
:23:55. > :23:59.industry. Before that it was a rather long story, more of that in a
:24:00. > :24:05.moment. First, I'm heading underground to see some very early
:24:06. > :24:14.examples of man's creations. These look like flattened mice but in fact
:24:15. > :24:17.they are codpieces. They are, they were the protective garment worn by
:24:18. > :24:24.men in the late 15th century. It would have started off in much as a
:24:25. > :24:28.practical form of protection but gradually became more and more
:24:29. > :24:34.elaborate and ornamented, to the extent where they became a hugely
:24:35. > :24:42.decorated protrusion. Underwear change for a little until the 18th
:24:43. > :24:49.century. Men from the poorer classes went without. The length of the
:24:50. > :24:54.shirt often operated as the protective layer between the body
:24:55. > :24:58.and the trousers. Industrialisation in the 19th century saw the
:24:59. > :25:01.development of new styles and sewing techniques. By now underwear was
:25:02. > :25:11.closer fitting, often covering the whole body. Fabrics included linen,
:25:12. > :25:16.silk, cotton and wool. A doctor proposed form of healthy living
:25:17. > :25:25.which involved wearing wool mixed to the body, it was the healthy way for
:25:26. > :25:32.the body to be. Explorers Scot Andy Jaeger wore wool. Winston Churchill
:25:33. > :25:39.was very extravagant, he wore pink silk underwear. His wife told her
:25:40. > :25:42.sister-in-law it was because he needed to expend money on scans of
:25:43. > :25:49.undergarments because he had delicate skin. Then there were
:25:50. > :25:55.jockeys in the 1930s. Their brief but supportive design was an
:25:56. > :25:59.immediate hit. What was innovative about the white front was it was one
:26:00. > :26:02.of the first times that men's underwear offered support. The other
:26:03. > :26:10.innovation that was patented was the opening. And that design opened up
:26:11. > :26:16.the marketplace. Suddenly, underwear was cool. A fertile ground for
:26:17. > :26:22.marketing men everywhere. 1985 saw that famous Levi's commercial.
:26:23. > :26:31.Boxers were first developed immunity and 30s to replace the belted shorts
:26:32. > :26:35.worn by foxes. Two decades later, thanks to David Beckham, the tighter
:26:36. > :26:39.fitting undergarment was back in vogue. So how did underwear become
:26:40. > :26:45.such an important thing in the world of fashion? You have big superb
:26:46. > :26:52.rounds, Armani, the Saatchi, all of them design underwear, it is a great
:26:53. > :26:57.way for them to get a customer. People want to buy into a designer
:26:58. > :27:03.or celebrity brand, they can get quite a cheap price point. A man of
:27:04. > :27:10.sophistication is measured by the style of his pants! I think you can
:27:11. > :27:13.tell men's personalities by their parents buying. Somebody who might
:27:14. > :27:18.buy a boxer is more traditional, they have probably gone to
:27:19. > :27:26.university, public school. Somebody like this, this is probably more
:27:27. > :27:29.like an Essex lad. So you can see there are differences in different
:27:30. > :27:38.styles and different people who wear them. I wonder how many pairs the
:27:39. > :27:46.average man owns? I have probably about 30. I will buy about that many
:27:47. > :27:48.every year. Is that bad? So when it comes to men's underwear,
:27:49. > :27:54.unsurprisingly, it's a matter of choice. Some choose to lose, some
:27:55. > :27:59.choose tight, some gopher comfort, some go for fashion. But most of us
:28:00. > :28:12.just wear whatever we have been given by our partner or how mum. 30
:28:13. > :28:19.pairs of pants! That is excessive! We asked for pictures of your lucky
:28:20. > :28:23.pants. We had loads. This is Antoinette, with her family's lucky
:28:24. > :28:30.pants, they have been all around the world. She wears these for the six
:28:31. > :28:38.Nations, it has brought good luck. Keep wearing them! These are from
:28:39. > :28:47.Eugene in Brighton, he says they are so lucky, they got me on the One
:28:48. > :28:53.Show! You can see Simon in Being Shakespeare at the Harold Pinter
:28:54. > :28:54.Theatre from tomorrow. Tomorrow's guests are Jerry Springer and Gaby
:28:55. > :28:56.Roslin.