0:00:32 > 0:00:33Hello and welcome to The One Show, with Alex Jones.
0:00:34 > 0:00:36There's a lot of responsibility on our shoulders tonight, because
0:00:37 > 0:00:39we are going to be announcing the chosen category that will win
0:00:40 > 0:00:44And the Queen's Astronomer Lord Rees has said, and I quote,
0:00:45 > 0:00:50"I have been keenly anticipating tonight's episode of The One Show".
0:00:51 > 0:01:07Professor Alice Roberts will explain how it started because it started
0:01:08 > 0:01:13300 years ago. But the prize in 2014 is so much more significant. It is a
0:01:14 > 0:01:15global challenge as it was in 1714 but the difference is the public are
0:01:16 > 0:01:20involved, it is not just the government going, this is a science
0:01:21 > 0:01:26challenge we want to be solved. We have asked the public to vote on the
0:01:27 > 0:01:27six challengers to decide which is the most important and Word 10000000
0:01:28 > 0:01:39pounds. Remind us of those subjects. Flying without damaging
0:01:40 > 0:01:44the environment. Preventing the rise
0:01:45 > 0:01:48of resistance to antibiotics. Ensuring global access
0:01:49 > 0:01:58to clean water. Is there a new way we can think of
0:01:59 > 0:02:10doing this? Is there a scientific solution to
0:02:11 > 0:02:16helping people living with dementia? And another medical category as
0:02:17 > 0:02:22paralysis. It is probably not going to be a biological cure but could we
0:02:23 > 0:02:29do something to restore mobility for people who are paralysed? And how
0:02:30 > 0:02:33can we provide enough food of sufficient quantity and quality for
0:02:34 > 0:02:38the huge and rising global population. The idea is for viewers
0:02:39 > 0:02:46to vote and this is how you can get involved. There is still time.
0:02:47 > 0:02:47Text either the word Antibiotics, Dementia, Flight, Food,
0:02:48 > 0:02:50Paralysis or Water to 60011, for the cost of a standard message.
0:02:51 > 0:02:52Or you can vote for free online at bbc.co.uk/horizon,
0:02:53 > 0:02:57where there are terms and conditions too.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01Those lines have been open for five weeks, but tonight
0:03:02 > 0:03:05Any votes received after the lines close won't count
0:03:06 > 0:03:14And we'll get to know the result by the end of tonight's programme.
0:03:15 > 0:03:22Can you believe it? It is really exciting, I was here five weeks ago
0:03:23 > 0:03:25launching it and now we will find out the challenge. Tonight is the
0:03:26 > 0:03:29Joining us tonight is a man who has seen a lot
0:03:30 > 0:03:43How are you? Were you listening to that? I was fascinated by it. What
0:03:44 > 0:03:50do you think, which would you vote for? I think water is going to be a
0:03:51 > 0:03:55real problem for us in the future. Out on the ground as the team, we
0:03:56 > 0:04:00can go without food for -- for a period but clean water is essential.
0:04:01 > 0:04:06When you look at people looking to the heavens to get -- find future
0:04:07 > 0:04:11planets, they are looking for water for life. I would go with water. Get
0:04:12 > 0:04:15your phone out, get voting! Many people will have seen Ross's
0:04:16 > 0:04:17documentaries. Later, we'll talk about the stuff
0:04:18 > 0:04:19that happens behind the cameras. But first, we're hearing more
0:04:20 > 0:04:27and more about the young So we sent Lucy Siegle out onto
0:04:28 > 0:04:35the streets with BBC Security Correspondent Frank Gardner
0:04:36 > 0:04:48so you could ask him your own Western intervention has become a
0:04:49 > 0:04:54possibility. We have participated in battles. Frank Gardner has been a
0:04:55 > 0:05:00BBC correspondent for nearly 20 years. In 2004, he was shot six
0:05:01 > 0:05:06times by Al-Qaeda while reporting in Saudi Arabia, leaving him paralysed.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10I have put him to speak to locals in Croydon, South London, to see if he
0:05:11 > 0:05:17can answer their questions on what this escalating crisis is about.
0:05:18 > 0:05:23What is ISIS and what their goals? ISIS is a small but powerful army
0:05:24 > 0:05:27that grew out of Al-Qaeda in Iraq. It moved into Syria, it has been
0:05:28 > 0:05:31fighting there and it has moved back into Iraq and it is taking a lot of
0:05:32 > 0:05:36territory. They have been very perfect because the Iraqi army is
0:05:37 > 0:05:39weak. They have a reputation for extreme brutality, and even Al-Qaeda
0:05:40 > 0:05:46has disowned them. Pauline has a question. Is the
0:05:47 > 0:05:51British government interested in the people in Iraq? Or are they
0:05:52 > 0:05:57interested in the oil? This is not about oil, this is about stopping
0:05:58 > 0:06:00the extremist group from taking over large areas of the Middle East from
0:06:01 > 0:06:04which it would launch attacks on other countries like Jordan and
0:06:05 > 0:06:09Saudi Arabia. And the threat of people going out from not just
0:06:10 > 0:06:14Britain but Europe, spending time with very violent people who execute
0:06:15 > 0:06:16civilians in cold blood. The worry is these people will come back here
0:06:17 > 0:06:22determined to continue what they have been doing.
0:06:23 > 0:06:30What is the government in this country doing? Is there any way they
0:06:31 > 0:06:36can actually prevent it? Prevent youth becoming radicalised? I put
0:06:37 > 0:06:38this question this week to the Metropolitan Weise had of
0:06:39 > 0:06:43counterterrorism and she said when we know somebody has been to Syria
0:06:44 > 0:06:47with an extremist group, they are detained at ports, she says they are
0:06:48 > 0:06:52very active. But I do not think they have a handle on it. Surely their
0:06:53 > 0:06:57Internet can protect us, we can look up their conversations.
0:06:58 > 0:07:01This is controversial because it means sleeping. The government says
0:07:02 > 0:07:05that if you have not committed a crime, you have nothing to fear.
0:07:06 > 0:07:12Nobody likes people looking at your e-mails. If it saves lives, that is
0:07:13 > 0:07:17what you have to do. What would any man give as advice to good Muslims
0:07:18 > 0:07:20like yourself about the rights and wrongs of going to fight somewhere
0:07:21 > 0:07:25like Syria and Iraq? They would tell you to follow the
0:07:26 > 0:07:30path of the prophet, he has fought in a war and the cause is just. If
0:07:31 > 0:07:39the cause is the same similar, you can go out and do good. So they say
0:07:40 > 0:07:42it is OK to go out and fight? If you believe the cause is just, yes, they
0:07:43 > 0:07:47believe they are doing the right thing. Personally, I do not think it
0:07:48 > 0:07:50is. We have heard these different
0:07:51 > 0:07:57opinions today. Is there any chance now of a potentially useful
0:07:58 > 0:08:01political solution? David Cameron has told this country, this is the
0:08:02 > 0:08:09biggest terrorist threat to pitching -- to Britain right now, jihadists
0:08:10 > 0:08:13going out to Syria and Iraq. There is a tiny proportion of people that
0:08:14 > 0:08:19are extreme so their friends and family need to look out for that
0:08:20 > 0:08:23extremism. You cannot cure this with police sanctions, it is a battle of
0:08:24 > 0:08:29the mines and that is where it will be won or lost. Dashed minds. -- a
0:08:30 > 0:08:36battle of the mines. I think even Frank was an whitened.
0:08:37 > 0:08:42Would you ever take your team out to speak to ISIS? -- enlightened. As a
0:08:43 > 0:08:46lead, no, it is so unstable and they would love to get hold of Western
0:08:47 > 0:08:51journalists. If they carry ongoing the way they are going, they will be
0:08:52 > 0:08:57legitimised and maybe they will be more friendly to the media. It is so
0:08:58 > 0:09:02unstable out there, I would not advise anybody to go out, to go out
0:09:03 > 0:09:08and fight or to cover it as a news story, I would stay where they are.
0:09:09 > 0:09:14You have not shied away from lots of situations and your new rock the A
0:09:15 > 0:09:17to Z of Hell is about behind-the-scenes, but let's remind
0:09:18 > 0:09:21ourselves what goes on on the camera.
0:09:22 > 0:09:25We cannot name Isabella which is heavily guarded. -- this about love.
0:09:26 > 0:09:44You need a rifle with such power. And have you ever had to use it? --
0:09:45 > 0:09:53this favella. Who did you fire it against yesterday? Do you worry
0:09:54 > 0:10:04about your life? That was from Extreme World. They
0:10:05 > 0:10:08are 15, he was as tall as the rifle he was firing and he was taught to
0:10:09 > 0:10:15fire at six and he was about eight, nine years old. It is easy to
0:10:16 > 0:10:20manipulate children. Talking about Iraq and the sensitivities, what
0:10:21 > 0:10:24tactic do you take? You are there with the crew and it must be
0:10:25 > 0:10:28incredibly -- and you must be incredibly vulnerable. We have never
0:10:29 > 0:10:33taken close protection or bodyguards. As soon as you threaten
0:10:34 > 0:10:36the people you are interviewing, they will feel defensive and they
0:10:37 > 0:10:44will not be as honest or forthcoming as you wish. And the team and I, we
0:10:45 > 0:10:48are a very small team, sometimes just myself and a cameraman, it it
0:10:49 > 0:10:53is the intimacy you can build up over a period -- and it is the
0:10:54 > 0:10:58intimacy. We have the luxury of time and that is when you get good
0:10:59 > 0:11:02interviews and trust. The access you get is phenomenal and that has led
0:11:03 > 0:11:06to disasters along the way. As noted in this book. Tell us about the
0:11:07 > 0:11:14close call you had for the helicopter. That was pretty scary.
0:11:15 > 0:11:19We were out in the Amazon. We were trying to get to a tribe and we were
0:11:20 > 0:11:23going in by helicopter from the airport. Halfway there and the
0:11:24 > 0:11:27director turned round to me with my headset on and I was wearing a
0:11:28 > 0:11:33harness so I could lean out to get a shot, I had the Amazon behind me...
0:11:34 > 0:11:37He said, check the rotor is still going round. I said, don't be silly,
0:11:38 > 0:11:45can we get out? No, can you make sure. You generally fall out of the
0:11:46 > 0:11:50sky if it is not going round. I was looking out at animals, snakes and
0:11:51 > 0:11:55trees, so it was half an hour back to the airport and we did a skid
0:11:56 > 0:11:59land, an emergency landing. The next day, we got into what I could
0:12:00 > 0:12:06describe as a buying caravan. And leaving the tribe, it got so hot
0:12:07 > 0:12:12that we did not have enough left. -- a flying caravan. I had a cameraman
0:12:13 > 0:12:15on my lap, a large pilot, a lot of crucifixes and sing Christophers
0:12:16 > 0:12:21which we were kissing as we took off. -- Saint Christophers. And we
0:12:22 > 0:12:26hit the canopy, so we took a bit of the rainforest with us.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30Goodness me! It is not always about what you are doing but getting out
0:12:31 > 0:12:35of the place. You have to have a good sense of humour.
0:12:36 > 0:12:46Ross's book is out now. It's called the A-Z of
0:12:47 > 0:12:56Ballroom Dancing. How to dance whilst still looking
0:12:57 > 0:12:58hard. Tap dancing in your body armour!
0:12:59 > 0:13:09I have been at three times. I was in camp Asti and on the way out and it
0:13:10 > 0:13:15was the first text message I got, thinking, how bizarre. -- and I was
0:13:16 > 0:13:26asked on the way out. I love the show and I am a fan, it is just
0:13:27 > 0:13:31having the time. 2014 is your year. We have to remind you the Longitude
0:13:32 > 0:13:35Prize voting lines have now closed. Do not vote, we will announce the
0:13:36 > 0:13:41winner at the end of the show in 20 minutes.
0:13:42 > 0:13:43So, Andy Murray's through to the third round of Wimbledon,
0:13:44 > 0:13:46so we have a tennis-themed challenge coming up next.
0:13:47 > 0:13:48Outside is Robo-Murray, a hi-tech tennis robot.
0:13:49 > 0:13:50And there's Mike Dilger, dressed in strict regulation whites, trying
0:13:51 > 0:13:56It looks like Mike's going to need some help,
0:13:57 > 0:13:59so we asked Michael Mosley to find out how elite sports stars are able
0:14:00 > 0:14:15In sport, the difference between success and failure can come down to
0:14:16 > 0:14:25just a fraction of a second. A saved goal. An electrifying return. An
0:14:26 > 0:14:31explosive start out of the blocks. Age, sex, wait. They are all
0:14:32 > 0:14:36supposed to affect the speed at which you react to something. But
0:14:37 > 0:14:44which really impacts your reaction times? And what, if anything, can
0:14:45 > 0:14:50you do about it? In men's hockey, goalkeepers have to content with
0:14:51 > 0:14:55shots fired at up to 100 mph. -- to contends with. Top table tennis
0:14:56 > 0:15:00players may have just 0.3 seconds to return the ball. How much of our
0:15:01 > 0:15:05reaction time is down to ability and how much to training? I have come to
0:15:06 > 0:15:11Wimbledon lawn tennis club to find out. With former top five women's
0:15:12 > 0:15:17gigabits tennis player Georgie. She has competed in all four grand slam
0:15:18 > 0:15:21tennis events -- Great British tennis player. She is now a coach
0:15:22 > 0:15:26here at Wimbledon. Joining us to analyse our reaction it is Paul, a
0:15:27 > 0:15:33neurologist at Imperial College, London. Using cranial magnetic
0:15:34 > 0:15:33stimulation, he will put a stimulus on the
0:15:34 > 0:15:37stimulation, he will put a stimulus on part of our brain that controls
0:15:38 > 0:15:40the right hand. The current will cause a reaction in the hand,
0:15:41 > 0:15:45enabling him to measure the time it takes for the signal to travel
0:15:46 > 0:15:51through our neurones from brain to hand. This replicates how our brain
0:15:52 > 0:15:52would send a signal to our hand to react to something like a tennis
0:15:53 > 0:16:14serve. shows the time as being 20 ms. That
0:16:15 > 0:16:19is the time it takes for the stimulus to travel down the spinal
0:16:20 > 0:16:26cord, to the nerve of your arm and cause the muscle to contract. That
0:16:27 > 0:16:34is the equivalent of 100 miles an hour. She has worked on her tennis
0:16:35 > 0:16:41reactions since she was a child. How will she compare? I am going to zap
0:16:42 > 0:16:45the left side of your brain which should be connected to the right
0:16:46 > 0:17:00side of your body. We will turn it up and he we go. How did I compare?
0:17:01 > 0:17:07Your response was almost identical. 20 ms for the response to go from
0:17:08 > 0:17:13your brain to your hand. It may be surprising to learn we have almost
0:17:14 > 0:17:18the same wiring. The motor nerves which sends signals to the muscle do
0:17:19 > 0:17:25so at largely the same speed. How can she returned the Serbs so much
0:17:26 > 0:17:30more efficiently than I can? Research has shown that 80% of
0:17:31 > 0:17:33reaction is down to processing or thinking time and 20% is the
0:17:34 > 0:17:40electrical pulse going down the muscle from the brain. That is why
0:17:41 > 0:17:47she can get herself into position to return the high speed service so
0:17:48 > 0:17:49much faster than I can. This sports psychologist specialises in coaching
0:17:50 > 0:17:56athletes to perform at the top of their game. What is happening out
0:17:57 > 0:18:00there? Expert players pick up from cues from their opponents on the
0:18:01 > 0:18:07other side of the net, Michael Foot position, Alberto position, racquet
0:18:08 > 0:18:12head position. -- like foot position. She can decide where she
0:18:13 > 0:18:21needs to move earlier than someone who does not have the experience.
0:18:22 > 0:18:26So, it is about lots of practice. It is about quality of practice and not
0:18:27 > 0:18:32quantity. Who knows, with little help, perhaps I may yet be giving
0:18:33 > 0:18:37Andy Murray a run for his money this year!
0:18:38 > 0:18:45We're going to put Mike's reaction times to
0:18:46 > 0:18:49the test now with Robo-Murray, our robotic Andy Murray.
0:18:50 > 0:19:00Robo-Murray's serve is going to enter that danger zone at 100mph.
0:19:01 > 0:19:17120 miles an hour actually! We are really good at throwing due to
0:19:18 > 0:19:24evolution. We can twist in the middle. Other apes cannot do that.
0:19:25 > 0:19:33All that stuff which has made us good at throwing, makes us really
0:19:34 > 0:19:42good at tennis. We are going to turn up the pace. We have the music and
0:19:43 > 0:19:51everything. We have taken off the strings of the racquet and replaced
0:19:52 > 0:20:18it with a butterfly net. Come on! Come on! Absolutely marvellous. That
0:20:19 > 0:20:22hurt! Let's have a -- let's see how you did in slow motion. You have got
0:20:23 > 0:20:26a bit pedigree. You are a table tennis champion. It is different
0:20:27 > 0:20:34playing ping-pong. I am exhausted. Now, have you ever spotted
0:20:35 > 0:20:37an animal in the garden and wished Well, that's not a problem
0:20:38 > 0:20:43for this next man. He's called Dave Colley
0:20:44 > 0:20:56and he's a one-man Springwatch. It in the heart of Cheshire is a
0:20:57 > 0:21:02rather well watched island where woodland and seclusion are paradise
0:21:03 > 0:21:07for wildlife. The island has a whole raft of cameras hidden in the
0:21:08 > 0:21:10undergrowth and this wildlife Big Brother has been capturing all sorts
0:21:11 > 0:21:17of amazing behaviour that has never been filmed before. Dave Colley
0:21:18 > 0:21:22lives on the island and his hobby for watching wildlife has taken over
0:21:23 > 0:21:27his life. In the last 11 years, he has laid over a mile of cable to
0:21:28 > 0:21:34watch the resident wildlife round-the-clock. It all started with
0:21:35 > 0:21:41a passion. No walks. A friend of mine had a camera. I told him about
0:21:42 > 0:21:47the sparrowhawks. I put the camera on the nest and exploded online.
0:21:48 > 0:21:51Dave rewrote the book on their biology when he filmed the first
0:21:52 > 0:21:58known case of males helping to incubate the eggs. He has since
0:21:59 > 0:22:04clogged up over -- clocked up over 18 hours of footage. This has led to
0:22:05 > 0:22:14an interesting more birds and more cameras. There are 16 in all. I can
0:22:15 > 0:22:23see magpies, blue tips, great tips. But there are no sparrowhawks. A
0:22:24 > 0:22:28pair of tawny house evicted the sparrowhawks and took over the nest
0:22:29 > 0:22:36site. You can see the result here, a couple of tawny owl chicks. How long
0:22:37 > 0:22:39before they leave the nest? About another three weeks. What are my
0:22:40 > 0:22:48chances later this evening of seeing the adults this evening? We have a
0:22:49 > 0:22:55very good chance. Spring is very busy. There is one elusive animal
0:22:56 > 0:23:01that date has not seen since the recent flood. It is time to check
0:23:02 > 0:23:09the footage as we have lent him a camera. Let's see what we have got.
0:23:10 > 0:23:16Oh, my word! It is an eel and an otter. Where is this? A few hundred
0:23:17 > 0:23:24metres around the corner. That is a big eel. The first image to capture
0:23:25 > 0:23:28it and that is what I have. This is the first Tom I have seen them for
0:23:29 > 0:23:3514 months. It is fantastic to know they are still about. As daylight
0:23:36 > 0:23:40starts to wane, our thoughts turn back to the tawny owls. Dave has
0:23:41 > 0:23:44built an impressive 2-storey structure as they hide in his
0:23:45 > 0:23:55garden. We go inside to see the owl family. This is the live feed of the
0:23:56 > 0:24:00tawny owl chicks. We are hoping to see one of the adults flying in with
0:24:01 > 0:24:07food. Now it is just a question of waiting. Tawny owls are really prone
0:24:08 > 0:24:12to disturbances. It is vital we do not make any noise whatsoever or
0:24:13 > 0:24:18have any lights in the hide, which is why we are filming now in
0:24:19 > 0:24:24infrared. It is a long, cold weight but finally catch a glimpse of an
0:24:25 > 0:24:31adult going into a nest box. Suddenly, out of nowhere, this is
0:24:32 > 0:24:36the female. It is the female who will stay in the nest site and feed
0:24:37 > 0:24:42the chicks. If that were a male, he would drop the food off and then go.
0:24:43 > 0:24:49It is interesting that she is still feeding them. That will continue to
0:24:50 > 0:24:55four months old. I think I have just seen one of the chicks eat a foot.
0:24:56 > 0:25:04That must be a bird. Dave has seen the parents bring back mice, slugs
0:25:05 > 0:25:06and even frogs. Thanks to this astonishing commitment to the birds
0:25:07 > 0:25:16we are seeing a whole different side to their secrets of life. The moment
0:25:17 > 0:25:19they emerge blinking out of the nest for the first time, I get a feeling
0:25:20 > 0:25:23he will be filming it. As you predicted, Mike, Dave was
0:25:24 > 0:25:37there to film the chicks emerging. he could teach a bit about
0:25:38 > 0:25:46dedication. We have some lovely footage. They pop out of the whole.
0:25:47 > 0:25:50Here is one hidden away. The down will disappear. They are looked
0:25:51 > 0:25:55after for a good three months afterwards. The first primaries are
0:25:56 > 0:26:00starting to come through. In comes the adults. It is worth bearing in
0:26:01 > 0:26:05mind they cannot fly. Quite often they fall on the ground. They can be
0:26:06 > 0:26:09like a parrot on bars. If you see a tawny owl on the floor, please leave
0:26:10 > 0:26:20it alone. They will come back and it will be fine. We have this picture,
0:26:21 > 0:26:29the black winged stilts. We have seen it twice this year reading in
0:26:30 > 0:26:33Kent. It is like a boat on lakes. It is a Mediterranean bird. It is very
0:26:34 > 0:26:37dry in the Mediterranean at the moment. Everyone is delighted. It is
0:26:38 > 0:26:43great to have a new breeding bird in Britain.
0:26:44 > 0:26:46We must leave it there, Mike, because Alice has just been handed
0:26:47 > 0:26:56the results of the Longitude Prize vote.
0:26:57 > 0:27:05We should stress that nobody knows what is in that envelope. We are
0:27:06 > 0:27:12about to open it. Alice, please do the honours. Thank you very much.
0:27:13 > 0:27:20The moment has come. The challenge which has won the ?10 million
0:27:21 > 0:27:28science prize is antibiotics. APPLAUSE
0:27:29 > 0:27:35Did you expect that? I was sensing a bit of surprise in your voice. There
0:27:36 > 0:27:41were some amazing challenges in there but this is such an important
0:27:42 > 0:27:47challenge which is facing us at the moment. Absolutely. What happens
0:27:48 > 0:27:50from here? The longitude committee will reconvene and tighten up
0:27:51 > 0:27:54exactly what this challenge will be. They know it will be something about
0:27:55 > 0:27:59how we tackle antibiotic existence but it could be a new way of
0:28:00 > 0:28:05diagnosing it could be a new way of diagnosing a something like that.
0:28:06 > 0:28:07They will narrow down what the challenge actually is so that we
0:28:08 > 0:28:16will know when there is a winner, when somebody has solved it. Brian
0:28:17 > 0:28:20Cox has said, I hope it is a man in a shed who has the solution. If a
0:28:21 > 0:28:27viewer does have the answer, how can they submit the solution? Simon if
0:28:28 > 0:28:32they go to the website, they can register their interest already. --
0:28:33 > 0:28:38if they go to the website. It is open to anybody. It could be
0:28:39 > 0:28:43somebody who comes up with a bright idea. We have just had a medical
0:28:44 > 0:28:51student coming up with a real breakthrough in cystic fibrosis. It
0:28:52 > 0:28:55could be anybody. There we are. It has happened. Wonderful!
0:28:56 > 0:29:00Antibiotics, just to reiterate. Thank you to Mike for all your
0:29:01 > 0:29:05efforts this evening. And to Ross Kemp as well. Ross 's book is out
0:29:06 > 0:29:08now. We're off tomorrow but back
0:29:09 > 0:29:11on Friday when we're coming live from Glastonbury, which could be in
0:29:12 > 0:29:15my A-Z of Hell if the rain comes.