:00:19. > :00:28.Hello and welcome to the One Show, with Matt Baker. And Alex Jones. I
:00:28. > :00:31.think we should let tonight's guest introduce himself. I'm delighted to
:00:31. > :00:37.welcome back one of my favourite comedians, who secretly wears
:00:37. > :00:46.women's underwear... He is popular now but what will he do when his
:00:46. > :00:52.looks go? That's what I want to know... It is of course the
:00:52. > :00:56.wonderful Graham Norton. A big week for you, you have met one of your
:00:56. > :01:01.idols of all time, Madonna. I know, I have never met her before. They
:01:01. > :01:07.were doing a screening of her film at the weekend and there were
:01:07. > :01:12.drinks beforehand. It was kind of like, she may be there. But it was
:01:12. > :01:19.weird, she walked in and everyone was on it. Somebody dragged me over
:01:19. > :01:26.to meet her. It is pathetic, I am nearly 50 years old, but it was
:01:26. > :01:33.kind of religious. I walked away a bit oh! Is it true you can't look
:01:33. > :01:39.her in the eyes? We had a photograph taken and I did put my
:01:39. > :01:44.arm round her, I touched her and I thought is this wrong? Is it very
:01:44. > :01:51.bad? Did you get the picture? Somebody took it, but I haven't
:01:51. > :02:00.seen it. We will do a call-out. Actually, we have got a picture.
:02:00. > :02:08.Have a look at this. That is not it. It isn't. It is Ruby Wax's body.
:02:08. > :02:13.wasn't wearing that! You like doing the unexpected on your show so we
:02:13. > :02:23.have taken a leaf out of your book tonight. We have some surprises for
:02:23. > :02:24.
:02:25. > :02:28.you later in the show. Nothing scary. Just down snow. Now Dan Snow
:02:28. > :02:31.is here to tell us about some of the biggest mysteries in history,
:02:31. > :02:33.and the daddy of them all is probably Stonehenge. How and why
:02:33. > :02:36.Stonehenge was built has baffled historians for thousands of years.
:02:36. > :02:39.But now one engineer has attempted to prove how the world famous
:02:39. > :02:44.stones ended up in a remote field in Wiltshire. Dick Strawbridge took
:02:44. > :02:48.the One Show cameras to watch him test his theory.
:02:48. > :02:58.Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain, a neolithic burial site of ancient
:02:58. > :02:58.
:02:58. > :03:05.Britons. A site seemingly steeped in religious significance. The
:03:05. > :03:10.Stones weighed on average 25 tonnes. The smaller stones were here first,
:03:10. > :03:17.but current thinking is they come from south-west Wales, over 150
:03:17. > :03:21.miles away as the crow flies. For a long time we have believed that men
:03:21. > :03:27.transported the Stones, but what this geologist believes turns that
:03:27. > :03:32.idea on its head. We know about Stonehenge from the time we grow up
:03:32. > :03:37.as small children, heroic neolithic ancestors carrying these stones
:03:37. > :03:43.from Wales to Stonehenge. That is a totally unnecessary hypothesis in
:03:43. > :03:47.my view, because we have a simpler explanation and that is that the
:03:47. > :03:56.Stones have been carried by its ice. We know the ice moved across the
:03:56. > :04:00.Bristol challenge, -- the Bristol Channel. The ice brought the stones
:04:00. > :04:04.to within striking distance of Stonehenge, and people have to
:04:04. > :04:10.simply collect them all. So more of the explanations of how they might
:04:10. > :04:16.have been transported far as mysterious as the stones themselves.
:04:16. > :04:19.They used stone ball bearings, where they were shaped into perfect
:04:20. > :04:26.spheres and working together they can be running tracers in a rail
:04:26. > :04:36.and roll like wheels. The way this works, we have tracks on the bottom.
:04:36. > :04:42.Put these three drilled things on top and this defines the width. The
:04:42. > :04:47.balls fit into the rail, here, and then this moves forward. As it
:04:47. > :04:55.comes out the back, you put it to the front. And this is a pale,
:04:55. > :05:00.quite impressive! I have a major issue jumping from finding symbols
:05:01. > :05:06.in Scotland to making something as elegant as this. If they are smart
:05:06. > :05:12.enough to do that, this is not that big a leap. There was one guy who
:05:12. > :05:18.may disagree with these ideas. He has his own theory. It has been put
:05:18. > :05:23.to the test by moving stones in Yorkshire. His approach has to be
:05:23. > :05:29.the most novel yet. The principle is we are going to roll it, and to
:05:29. > :05:37.do that we are going to make it cylindrical. The rock is inside a
:05:37. > :05:45.giant basket, and we roll the basket. Hello! Tell me about this
:05:45. > :05:50.rock. It is one hell of a rock. The you have two - and inside and
:05:50. > :05:56.canalside basket. This is dead weight, but I ran out of we've.
:05:56. > :06:01.This is like a giant tyre. What evidence have you? There is a lot
:06:01. > :06:06.of evidence for woven structures, they are used for fencing, road
:06:06. > :06:12.surfaces. There is more evidence for this than anything else.
:06:12. > :06:16.many people do you think it took to move this? Minimum 10, but I think
:06:16. > :06:24.about 20. These men at the back will push it, they will start it
:06:24. > :06:34.off, these will take the attention on the rope. As soon as it comes
:06:34. > :06:37.
:06:38. > :06:43.off the plinth, we are off. Keep it going! Keep it going, keep it going,
:06:43. > :06:48.we are in a hole! There is a slight dip in the field but there is
:06:48. > :06:53.enough manpower to move it. This is not easy. Lookout the basket on the
:06:54. > :07:01.side, it is not supposed to be moving like that. You can see it is
:07:01. > :07:07.all flexing. Are you happy? Absolutely, it is 20 metres. Do you
:07:07. > :07:10.think it is the way our ancestors did it? It is a possible way. If I
:07:10. > :07:15.was knocking around all that time ago, that is how I would have done
:07:15. > :07:21.it. We may never known how our ancestors moved the stones but
:07:21. > :07:25.trying to work it out is great fun. It could have been very painful if
:07:25. > :07:31.he caught his moustache while moving the stones. Which theory do
:07:32. > :07:36.you back? I'm not sure if I back any of those. What about simply
:07:36. > :07:42.putting logs underneath. You bring it on boats, they are great because
:07:42. > :07:48.they can carry very heavy object. What do I know? Have you been to
:07:48. > :07:54.Stonehenge, Graham? I have, I went so long ago you could just wander
:07:54. > :07:59.through it, they didn't have the ropes. It was quite new with them.
:07:59. > :08:04.Your theory of getting the stones there? Whatever! I didn't trust
:08:04. > :08:10.anyone in that film. I wouldn't let them look after my dogs, never mind
:08:10. > :08:16.transport locks. The final resting place of Sir Francis Drake has been
:08:16. > :08:22.in the news, hasn't it? Is he a great hero of English seafaring, or
:08:23. > :08:25.the most awful pirate who roamed the sea? He was the first English
:08:25. > :08:33.man to sail round the world, he came back laden with gold and
:08:33. > :08:36.treasure. Queen Elizabeth invested in his enterprises, but he was also
:08:36. > :08:40.a fierce and pirate, and the hundreds of years children in Spain
:08:40. > :08:47.were told they should behave themselves or he should be on to
:08:47. > :08:50.them. He died of dysentery in the Caribbean, they now think they have
:08:50. > :09:00.discovered some of his fleet and they think his coffin might be
:09:00. > :09:01.
:09:01. > :09:04.somewhere near. There's no doubting the bravery of
:09:04. > :09:07.our servicemen made during the Second World War, but Angellica
:09:07. > :09:10.Bell has been to Cardiff to discover how pure girl power and a
:09:10. > :09:13.lot of hot air helped in the battle against Hitler. One of the most
:09:13. > :09:16.extraordinary sides during World War Two was that of the huge
:09:16. > :09:24.balloon garages that hovered above cities and ports, creating a
:09:24. > :09:28.protective shield against German bombers. It was vulnerable
:09:28. > :09:34.locations like docks where they were placed. Their job was to
:09:34. > :09:38.protect shipping from attack, and about 100 balloons squadrons had
:09:38. > :09:44.the job of keeping them afloat. balloons had a cable attached to
:09:44. > :09:49.them, to which a bomb was attached. If they were struck, they would
:09:49. > :09:54.blow off. They were lethal devices. They forced aircraft to fly higher,
:09:55. > :10:00.and therefore bombing was less accurate. Once they got to 5000 ft,
:10:00. > :10:06.they were in the range of our fighters. You have brought a
:10:06. > :10:13.section of a balloon today. Yes, the nose cap. It is made of a
:10:14. > :10:19.rubberised fabric, and it floats. This is a port hole so people could
:10:19. > :10:22.look inside and make sure the internal structures were correct.
:10:22. > :10:28.Up to 3000 balloons were in use, each won twice the length of a
:10:28. > :10:32.London bus. Early in the war, male servicemen have the task of
:10:32. > :10:38.maintaining and flying the balloons, but in 1941 it was realised that
:10:38. > :10:42.women could also do the job and a recruitment drive began. 91 year-
:10:42. > :10:46.old Dora joined the Women's Auxiliary Air Force in 1941 and
:10:46. > :10:54.volunteered for the Balloon Squadron. She was posted all over
:10:54. > :11:04.the country, including Cardiff. They wanted women to take the place
:11:04. > :11:13.
:11:13. > :11:21.of 7000 men, so I thought that is the job to do. Tying knots... I
:11:21. > :11:25.think it was a very hard job to do. Each day you were given an order,
:11:25. > :11:30.and how high your balloon was going to be because all of the balloons
:11:30. > :11:34.were not at the same height. balloons were fitted with
:11:34. > :11:38.explosives, it meant women took on a more aggressive role during the
:11:38. > :11:43.war. Even though she had volunteered, she took her role very
:11:43. > :11:48.seriously. What sort of Sergeant were you - were you bossy? Yes,
:11:48. > :11:54.they told me they could hear me the other side of the camp. If I said
:11:54. > :12:00.anything, they have to do it. night, one of her crew went to the
:12:00. > :12:07.ballet instead of doing her shift, so Dora held her at this castle.
:12:07. > :12:14.The next day she was handed to the offices to be disciplined. When you
:12:14. > :12:21.were one short, you were one short. That is not good enough. There was
:12:21. > :12:27.a war on and she should have realised the war comes before the
:12:27. > :12:31.ballet. They saved lives, didn't they? Yes, they forced the German
:12:31. > :12:36.aircraft to change their behaviour, avoid balloon areas, and kept the
:12:36. > :12:43.enemy at the height where they could not bomb accurately. Women
:12:43. > :12:53.were crucial to the operation. Was it a special time in your life?
:12:53. > :12:56.was. It will always be remembered. A crucial role in keeping Britain
:12:56. > :13:00.saved during the war pushed the women of the Balloon Squadrons to
:13:00. > :13:05.the limit. The Ministry of Information said this is
:13:05. > :13:10.undoubtedly the hardest of jobs undertaken by the women in this war,
:13:10. > :13:13.but they tackled it and succeeded at it.
:13:13. > :13:20.We are going to put you in a balloon for Children in Need now.
:13:20. > :13:24.Really? That is not true. Did you think that was true? I did believe
:13:24. > :13:27.you for a second. Graham, you're show was back last
:13:27. > :13:31.Friday with Kate Winslett, Rob Brydon and Jamie Bell all on the
:13:31. > :13:41.sofa together. How do you decide who will go well together? Does the
:13:41. > :13:45.mix sometimes go wrong? Sometimes people don't get on. It is kind of
:13:45. > :13:54.chicken and egg. You end up looking somebody and you build a show
:13:54. > :14:01.around them. Alan Sugar and Pamela Stephenson were on and he clearly
:14:01. > :14:06.just doesn't have the wanting to be liked Jean! He was really horrible
:14:06. > :14:14.to her. It was folly. It was interesting on Friday, Kate
:14:14. > :14:21.Winslett revealed a lot about the fire at Richard Branson's house.
:14:21. > :14:26.jumped up and ran towards the fire because I thought I could put it
:14:26. > :14:30.out! I ran towards the flames and realised no, because in another few
:14:30. > :14:35.minutes we will all be dead. My children were standing at their
:14:35. > :14:43.bedroom door and I said to them it is fine, go back inside for two
:14:43. > :14:49.minutes and closed the door. Then I ran into the bedroom and put on a
:14:49. > :14:53.bra! Very sensible, you don't want to go out without a bra. Dolly part
:14:53. > :14:59.and apparently slept with her wake on her bedside table in case of
:14:59. > :15:03.hotel fires. What would you save if you had the chance? I would get the
:15:03. > :15:13.dogs and maybe some Leeds so they were not run over by a fire engine,
:15:13. > :15:13.
:15:13. > :15:19.but apart from that you just kind You record your show, how long do
:15:19. > :15:26.you record for? We record... It varies. Sometimes we record twice
:15:26. > :15:30.as much as you see, we try not to do that. We do record substantially
:15:30. > :15:36.more, and then they do an amazing job of knitting it altogether. But
:15:36. > :15:44.we run it as live, we don't stop and start, we just a chat on.
:15:44. > :15:48.Sometimes some of the chat is a bit boring, and you take that out!
:15:48. > :15:52.Sometimes the conversation is generated. Yes, it is the thing
:15:52. > :15:57.when people talk to each other. My favourite bits are when I am not
:15:57. > :16:05.talking, they are just chatting. I can get on with my wine! We have
:16:05. > :16:11.had some guests who are very hard to contain. Liza Meena Lee. Yes,
:16:11. > :16:18.you never know what you're going to get. She is chatty! She is
:16:18. > :16:23.enthusiastic! But away from telly, you are an agony uncle. We have got
:16:23. > :16:33.a message from somebody who do -- does have a few problems. I think
:16:33. > :16:35.
:16:35. > :16:45.they need your help. Drink! Drink! Currells! De earls! And a nice fat
:16:45. > :16:45.
:16:45. > :16:55.duck! What is the diagnosis?! May be a last drink, drink, drink! Is
:16:55. > :17:02.here in Emmerdale now? Not any more. He showed up in that at one point.
:17:02. > :17:09.Or Coronation Street? Am I making this up? He has got another
:17:10. > :17:14.question for you. Do you not get bored poncing around on British
:17:14. > :17:23.television over there? Back home, we will give you a bucket of
:17:23. > :17:28.porridge, shut your mouth! I think he is asking... I can understand!
:17:28. > :17:33.Can you not understand that? He was saying, do we not get bored on
:17:33. > :17:40.British television. No, I like British television, I am very lucky
:17:40. > :17:45.to be on it! The Graham Norton Show continues on Friday. And that was
:17:45. > :17:49.Father Jack Hackett, for those who have not seen Father Ted! Last
:17:49. > :17:53.night, we revealed that Matt had decided to peddle all the way from
:17:53. > :18:00.Edinburgh to London in a rickshaw to raise money for Children in Need.
:18:00. > :18:07.Today, I fell off twice. I went around a corner. Second time, I was
:18:07. > :18:13.hit by a car. I was. Is this day one of training? I ended up in the
:18:13. > :18:22.gutter. You need to donate �50 to Children in Need! I thought you
:18:22. > :18:32.were looking a bit grumpy in the meeting! Tyre marks in his head!
:18:32. > :18:38.
:18:38. > :18:43.you want to donate, you can text I have a phone, I would do it after.
:18:43. > :18:49.Messages will cost �5 plus your standard network charge, and �5
:18:49. > :18:53.goes to Children in Need. recently featured a very moving
:18:53. > :18:56.story of a woman whose life had been transformed by Childline.
:18:56. > :19:01.was one of the thousands of youngsters who have benefited from
:19:01. > :19:09.the support of the charity over the past 25 years. Esther Rantzen is
:19:09. > :19:13.here, explaining why the battle for children's rights is far from won.
:19:13. > :19:17.Childline exists for children who are being hurt and abused. We want
:19:17. > :19:21.to be able to tell them their ordeal is over, but if they want
:19:21. > :19:26.their abusers to be tried for their crimes, in my opinion, their ordeal
:19:26. > :19:30.may just be beginning. I believe the way we treat our children in
:19:31. > :19:35.court rooms is quite, quite wrong. After all, trials were designed by
:19:35. > :19:39.adults for adults, to frighten them into telling the truth. But what it
:19:39. > :19:44.does to children is modelled them, confuse them, intimidate them, and
:19:44. > :19:49.all too often, silence them. There have been some reforms, like the
:19:49. > :19:52.use of the video link soak children do not have to face the abuser. But
:19:52. > :19:56.still they have to be cross- examined live during the trial. So
:19:56. > :20:01.if a child is very young or has been very badly hurt, the lawyer's
:20:01. > :20:07.will think they cannot withstand it and the case will be dropped, which
:20:07. > :20:12.means another abuser walks free. Police figures suggest that in over
:20:12. > :20:16.80% of sexual abuse cases involving children, the abuses are never
:20:16. > :20:21.taken to court for their crimes. In some other countries, children are
:20:21. > :20:26.cross-examined before the trial outside the courtroom. I agree with
:20:26. > :20:33.the experts to say that if we want justice to be done, we must reform
:20:33. > :20:37.our legal system. In 2009 there was a landmark case, the youngest ever
:20:37. > :20:42.witness in the Old Bailey. She had been abused by one of the men who
:20:42. > :20:46.killed baby Peter Connolly, and in her cross-examination she was asked
:20:46. > :20:51.to define the difference between truth and lies. But this little
:20:51. > :20:57.girl was only three years old. This detective Chief Superintendent his
:20:57. > :21:02.head of the unit to dock with that case. The young girl in question
:21:02. > :21:06.gave evidence in the Old Bailey over three days. That child was
:21:06. > :21:15.asked questions which confused it, she was at times unable to answer,
:21:15. > :21:19.and that at times has highlighted the need -- need for some change.
:21:19. > :21:24.But the Appeal Court ruled that she was credible, which was a crucial
:21:24. > :21:29.step forward. But still, children are being cross-examined in our
:21:29. > :21:34.courts as if they are adults. case recently, a child was asked a
:21:34. > :21:40.question, it didn't happen, did it? I don't know if you saw no is the
:21:40. > :21:47.right answer to that. -- yes or no. That sort of question can
:21:47. > :21:50.completely throw a child. Children, like anyone else, could lie or
:21:50. > :21:55.remember incorrectly. But there is no point muddling them or
:21:55. > :22:00.frightening them if we really want the truth. One mother remembers her
:22:00. > :22:06.daughter giving evidence in a sex abuse trial as incredibly traumatic.
:22:06. > :22:13.The whole court case took a year to come to the court. She was told she
:22:13. > :22:17.was lying 13 times. This is not the way to talk to a child. If you want
:22:17. > :22:27.the truth, cross-examination is the last wave. They have to address the
:22:27. > :22:30.whole system. It is crawl to the child. -- cruel. Some improvements
:22:30. > :22:35.have been made, but the cross- examination in open court still
:22:35. > :22:45.remains. Everyone is entitled to a fair trial, but I believe the
:22:45. > :22:46.
:22:46. > :22:50.current system is unfair to the The Ministry of Justice told us
:22:50. > :22:56.today that their children will only give evidence if necessary, and
:22:56. > :22:59.every step is taken to make sure it will be as easy as possible. But
:22:59. > :23:02.surely, it is unfair for the defendants if children were not
:23:02. > :23:06.made to go to court, because sometimes, their evidence might not
:23:07. > :23:11.be reliable. You can test of their evidence by cross-examining the
:23:11. > :23:18.child somewhere else, like Judge's Chambers, and that was recommended
:23:18. > :23:22.back in 1989. That was -- U test all evidence, but whenever an
:23:22. > :23:25.abuser denies it, the charge has to give evidence, and that is where
:23:25. > :23:31.80% of cases in which the police and social services think their
:23:31. > :23:39.child has been abused, it doesn't go to course. -- record. That
:23:39. > :23:44.cannot be right. Childline gives children a voice, but would you say
:23:44. > :23:48.that the Ferrales case is now than 25 years ago? The trouble is abuse
:23:48. > :23:53.is a secret crime, so we don't know what the statistics are. But I have
:23:53. > :24:00.written a book to celebrate the 25 years, available from your nearest
:24:00. > :24:03.bookshop. Royalties go to Childline. In it there are stories told to me
:24:03. > :24:07.by young adults who have experienced terrible cruelty and
:24:07. > :24:11.pain in their childhood, but the phone call to Childline made all
:24:11. > :24:15.the difference. It gave them the hope, transformed their lives,
:24:15. > :24:20.moved them to a place of safety. And then they decided to give
:24:20. > :24:25.something back. What I learnt was, there is an upward spiral. We know
:24:25. > :24:30.about the downward spiral, when children who have been abused go on
:24:30. > :24:36.to abuse their own children. But the upward spiral is the children
:24:36. > :24:41.who receive help go on to help others. They go into teaching, they
:24:41. > :24:45.go into charity, social services. It is really a message of hope in
:24:46. > :24:50.my book, which I had not anticipated. Thank you. All the
:24:50. > :24:56.very best for the campaign. It is time to go back to Somerset, to see
:24:56. > :25:04.what Mike and Miranda have found in people's Gardens after dark. Have
:25:04. > :25:13.you noticed something strange in your garden? What?! Was alive,
:25:13. > :25:19.boxes! -- wildlife, boxes. I get urban foxes, the same as everyone
:25:19. > :25:25.else, legions of them. Let's see what Mike and Miranda spotted in
:25:25. > :25:30.Bathampton. It is day two here, we have read
:25:30. > :25:40.day series of gardens with specialist cameras which give us 24
:25:40. > :25:40.
:25:40. > :25:50.hour coverage. At number 61, Jenny and Ben are rigid -- rigid see what
:25:50. > :25:54.
:25:54. > :26:00.we have captured. We have three of It is a fox. The lovely thing is,
:26:00. > :26:07.this box is in fabulous conditions. It has a beautiful bushy-tailed and
:26:07. > :26:14.the coat is fantastic. It is a badger, correct! You see when it
:26:14. > :26:21.wanders off, they have got such an amazing date when they jog away.
:26:22. > :26:30.Finally, one last animal. What is that? It is a deer. Yes, I can't
:26:31. > :26:35.believe it! This is a female deer, a dove. You have the most beautiful
:26:35. > :26:39.view. It is a great start to the week,
:26:39. > :26:44.but in this garden in daylight hours, bad at Russell has a wild
:26:44. > :26:49.life dilemma. You have an issue with you squirrels, I understand?
:26:49. > :26:53.Yes, I'm not sure it is an issue, because we love to see them, but we
:26:53. > :27:03.also love to put food out for the birds, but this quarrels like it as
:27:03. > :27:05.
:27:05. > :27:10.well. They are really having a go Right, this is going to be your
:27:10. > :27:15.solution, I hope. Squirrels are very determined, but they will
:27:15. > :27:20.conserve energy were of a possible, and they like to take a short cut.
:27:20. > :27:26.Instead of annoying through this to get to the feed inside, they have a
:27:26. > :27:29.specially designed feed, they have to help themselves, away they go.
:27:29. > :27:36.But I also have a secret ingredient to make sure they stay of the bird
:27:36. > :27:41.feeder. Many bird species have a fairly poor sense of taste,
:27:41. > :27:48.chickens only have 24 taste buds. But squirrels have a more delicate
:27:48. > :27:56.palate, so if I had a bit of chilli powder, shake it up a bit, for it
:27:56. > :28:01.back in. -- reported back in. This should keep them at bay, but the
:28:01. > :28:07.birds should feed, unaware of my secret ingredient! We will see how
:28:07. > :28:10.well it works later in the week. This pond is a haven for
:28:10. > :28:17.dragonflies. They are whizzing all over the place, chasing down their
:28:17. > :28:24.prey. They can fly at up to 20 mph. To find out exactly which species
:28:24. > :28:31.live here, I really need to get up close. Dragonflies often hang out
:28:31. > :28:35.around the pond age, to lay eggs or bask on the rocks. With a bit of
:28:35. > :28:45.patience, if you can lie motionless, it is possible to get some
:28:45. > :28:55.privileged encounters. And after 20 minutes, one comes right in. That
:28:55. > :28:55.
:28:55. > :28:59.is a Southern Hawker dragonfly. It has just landed on my leg! Those
:28:59. > :29:03.green and black stripes, or groups, Tommy straight away it is a
:29:03. > :29:13.Southern Hawker dragonfly. And then in front of my nose, the most
:29:13. > :29:13.
:29:13. > :29:23.spectacular sight. It is a female! It is laying eggs. On the Rock.
:29:23. > :29:24.
:29:24. > :29:27.That is the closest you. It is We will have more tomorrow. I think
:29:27. > :29:33.they are going to move to Bathampton now! Thank you for
:29:33. > :29:39.joining us tonight. Your show is on Friday at Ten deadly 5:00pm. Who is