:00:23. > :00:29.Hello and welcome to The one Show which Matt Baker and Alex Jones. We
:00:30. > :00:34.are joined by the brains behind a popular quiz show. He knows the
:00:35. > :00:48.answer to every question you could imagine. There was one time he got
:00:49. > :01:00.it wrong. I am going to go for Meet The Little Fockers. Let's see how
:01:01. > :01:11.many people said it. It is. It is not that is, it is just Little
:01:12. > :01:22.Fockers. Pointless star, Richard Osman. You looked furious. You asked
:01:23. > :01:42.name a film Robert De Niro stars in, so I said Meet The Little
:01:43. > :01:47.Fockers. But it wasn't that, it was called Little Fockers. I went to see
:01:48. > :01:53.a film, The Wolf Of Wall Street, it wasn't called the Little Wolf of
:01:54. > :01:56.Wall Street. We have been in our new building for a few weeks and we have
:01:57. > :02:05.noticed something pretty Pointless out of the lift. A fibreglass cow.
:02:06. > :02:10.Makes you feel at home? That is its purpose. If you have something in
:02:11. > :02:14.your home like our big cowpat serves no purpose but you refuse to throw
:02:15. > :02:21.it out, would like to see it. You have quite an interesting object
:02:22. > :02:26.you broader picture in. I would not call it interesting, but I saw a
:02:27. > :02:31.plug socket that is just above the skirting board outside my bedroom.
:02:32. > :02:38.It has been there seven years and it has a red light on it. Do you know
:02:39. > :02:47.what it is like? It is for your shower will stop that is not 100%,
:02:48. > :02:52.either way. It does say protector in large letters at the right hand
:02:53. > :02:56.side. If there are any electricians who would like to shed some light on
:02:57. > :03:00.this, get in contact. But if you do have a picture of something
:03:01. > :03:05.Pointless in your house, we would like to see it. We will show them
:03:06. > :03:15.later on. Also we will be hearing the book awards. Doctor Sarah is
:03:16. > :03:17.with us to warn about the effects of over-the-counter painkillers. But
:03:18. > :03:25.Tony Livesey has been to see how addictive they can be.
:03:26. > :03:29.It is a terrible fear. It is not about getting high, it is about
:03:30. > :03:33.keeping the withdrawal awake. I get to seven o'clock and the symptoms
:03:34. > :03:42.start to come it is like an alarm clock. Minute by minute, you can
:03:43. > :03:48.feel it coming on. 15 at 7:30pm, and another 15 at 9pm. These are the
:03:49. > :03:55.words of a drug addicts, but not heroin or crack cocaine, but his
:03:56. > :03:58.dependency on painkillers available in high street pharmacies. Most of
:03:59. > :04:05.us consider over-the-counter medicines harmless. But there is a
:04:06. > :04:09.sinister side. This doctor is an number of GPs who is concerned that
:04:10. > :04:15.the number of patients who have developed a dependency. People are
:04:16. > :04:18.functioning perfectly well on these tablets, but they are taking
:04:19. > :04:23.medication they think is straight forward, they think is safe. But any
:04:24. > :04:28.medication you take over a long period of time when you don't need
:04:29. > :04:33.it, can have a problem. Why are these painkillers so did? Many of
:04:34. > :04:39.them contain a crucial ingredient, codeine. Codeine is a member of the
:04:40. > :04:44.opiate family of drugs which includes morphine and heroin. What
:04:45. > :04:50.are the dangers of taking codeine -based pills? It changes your brain
:04:51. > :04:57.and some of the receptors in your brain. There is a tendency to want
:04:58. > :05:01.to take more of them. Buying over-the-counter painkillers is
:05:02. > :05:06.legal and we spend around ?530 million on them every year. Getting
:05:07. > :05:12.hold of them is relatively easy with few restrictions. Why individual
:05:13. > :05:15.pharmacists should not sell you more than one boxes of tablets, but there
:05:16. > :05:20.is no restriction on how many outlets you can visit. There is an
:05:21. > :05:30.estimated 30,000 people in Britain addicted to some form of painkiller
:05:31. > :05:34.containing codeine. This lady became dependent after coping with
:05:35. > :05:42.migraines. I was taking a tablets a day. What do you think you were a
:05:43. > :05:47.dip or two, the lack of the headache or the nice, warm feeling the
:05:48. > :05:51.codeine was giving you? I was addicted to the feeling it gave me.
:05:52. > :05:57.I could lock out everything that was not going right, or I could be in my
:05:58. > :06:04.own world. I was dependent on the tablets, definitely. Realising her
:06:05. > :06:08.addiction was so bad, Lauren moved back in with her parents to spend
:06:09. > :06:13.three weeks going cold turkey. How did it go the first day? I was in
:06:14. > :06:19.massive amounts of pain, especially by the end of the day, that is when
:06:20. > :06:24.it did hit me. I had gone through having migraines to the point where
:06:25. > :06:28.they got so bad I was sick. These were withdrawal pains from the
:06:29. > :06:33.codeine? Probably a mixture of the two. A recent survey found one in
:06:34. > :06:38.three young people take a painkiller once every 24 hours. While codeine
:06:39. > :06:43.products on labels they are to be used for a maximum of three days,
:06:44. > :06:49.many of us take them for longer. What will I find in the handbags of
:06:50. > :06:52.these people in Manchester? I am wanting to look in your handbag to
:06:53. > :06:58.see if you have any over-the-counter medicine. Newer phone, I be
:06:59. > :07:04.pro-Finn. Are you worried about what is in that? A little bit because it
:07:05. > :07:09.did say it's addictive. How long have you taken them for? Over 20
:07:10. > :07:16.years. Just paracetamol. How often do you take them? To tablets twice a
:07:17. > :07:25.day. For how long? Four or five years now. Are you worried about the
:07:26. > :07:31.addictive qualities? Not really, no. That is paracetamol and codeine.
:07:32. > :07:35.What do you know about codeine? I know if you take it for more than
:07:36. > :07:40.three days it can be a big if. But it is the strongest pain relief you
:07:41. > :07:45.can buy over-the-counter. Does the pharmacist warn you about this?
:07:46. > :07:49.Always. We spoke to the body that represents the industry and they
:07:50. > :07:56.told The one Show that: There is only a risk of addiction if people
:07:57. > :07:59.use products for longer periods or van at higher doses than stated on
:08:00. > :08:03.the pack. There are warnings they can cause addiction. Products can
:08:04. > :08:08.only be sold under the supervision of a pharmacist.
:08:09. > :08:13.This not need to be a scare story, medicines containing codeine can be
:08:14. > :08:17.effective for short-term relief. But there is a real risk of addiction. I
:08:18. > :08:22.met two people today who did not want to come on the camera who said
:08:23. > :08:26.they have family members addict -- family members addicted. Check what
:08:27. > :08:34.is in the pill before it is inside you.
:08:35. > :08:40.Doc Sarah joins us now. It clear, this is three levels of medication?
:08:41. > :08:47.Check what is in the pill before it is inside you is sound advice. You
:08:48. > :08:51.might have another tablets, but if it says extra or plus, it has
:08:52. > :08:55.something else in it. You might mistake one for the other and not
:08:56. > :09:02.realised you are taking a codeine -based drug. Some of them you can
:09:03. > :09:11.get off-the-shelf? Yes, some of them that a GP only can prescribe are
:09:12. > :09:14.available through a pharmacist. The pharmacist has to give you advice
:09:15. > :09:19.about not taking an overdose. Then there are the general ones you can
:09:20. > :09:26.pop into your shopping. They are simple painkillers, much lower. Can
:09:27. > :09:34.you get addicted to those? In the long term, it is medication overuse
:09:35. > :09:37.headaches. It is estimated one in 50 people has got headaches which are
:09:38. > :09:44.caused by taking so many painkillers that every the painkiller wears off,
:09:45. > :09:48.it a headache. So they end up in a vicious cycle. Codeine is much worse
:09:49. > :09:53.than the other painkillers for that. Lots of people will be watching and
:09:54. > :09:56.thinking they should not take painkillers or give them to the
:09:57. > :10:02.children, watched do you say to them? Don't worry, we have all taken
:10:03. > :10:13.medication, you come out of the gym and take your anti-inflammatory. If
:10:14. > :10:16.you are taking it occasionally, parents giving their kids
:10:17. > :10:21.painkillers, bringing temperature down, it is fantastic. The NHS would
:10:22. > :10:26.not cope if everybody had to get a prescription. If somebody does think
:10:27. > :10:32.they are addicted, what is the best course of action? Go to your GP, it
:10:33. > :10:37.is simple. A few things causing headaches on the roads are potholes.
:10:38. > :10:43.One man who wanted to get to the bottom of the problem is a viewer,
:10:44. > :10:48.Frank Cattrall. Colchester, Britain's oldest town
:10:49. > :10:56.nestled in the Essex countryside. But, hold on... There is a danger
:10:57. > :11:03.lurking on the streets. The pothole! One man had had enough. My
:11:04. > :11:09.name is Frank, I am not a campaign but I believe in fighting for what
:11:10. > :11:15.is right. Justice is what he deserves, having come a cropper to
:11:16. > :11:19.the menace of most motorists. There are quite a few potholes in
:11:20. > :11:25.Colchester. We are trying to dodge them as you go along. It is quite
:11:26. > :11:33.frightening. This is where I had the incident with the pothole. Feel the
:11:34. > :11:40.difference in the road surface. It damaged his suspension to the tune
:11:41. > :11:43.of ?500. I had damaged my vehicle. I don't see why I should have to pay
:11:44. > :11:48.for something which wasn't really my fault. Neither should you have too.
:11:49. > :11:57.How did you get your money back from the council? I had to wait for four
:11:58. > :12:01.months for them to tell me know. I wasn't going to wait a few more
:12:02. > :12:06.months for them to reject me again. I went to the Small Claims Court and
:12:07. > :12:11.I hoped it would hit a nerve with them. Council records showing they
:12:12. > :12:18.had not known about the pothole at this location. Frank's trump card
:12:19. > :12:22.was to use the Freedom of Information Act to find out its
:12:23. > :12:28.history. He discovered the council had known about it for more than 28
:12:29. > :12:37.days and had still failed to fix it. I was quite nervous. The first thing
:12:38. > :12:41.the judge said was basically, by the way, on my way in this morning, I
:12:42. > :12:49.noticed a new pothole, I hope you are going to get it fixed soon. His
:12:50. > :12:55.determination won him the case. The fact I could be their system, their
:12:56. > :13:01.legal people and all of their excuses, it felt good. I am like a
:13:02. > :13:08.dog with a bone, I don't let go until I get a result. Thanks, Frank.
:13:09. > :13:15.When it comes to potholes, know your rights.
:13:16. > :13:20.If it stresses him out, he should not drive around so much. Frank
:13:21. > :13:24.intends to fire off one more Freedom of Information request to see how
:13:25. > :13:35.much his battle with the council has cost taxpayers. You are judging this
:13:36. > :13:40.year's Costa Book Awards. Give us a rundown which five are in. They have
:13:41. > :13:45.already done judging, they have chosen the best novel, also the best
:13:46. > :13:50.first novel, the best poetry book, the best nonfiction book and the
:13:51. > :13:55.best children's book. Now we are choosing between those five to pick
:13:56. > :14:01.the book of the year. It is quite difficult to judge a novel against a
:14:02. > :14:08.children's book and poetry? I am going on what is the shortest
:14:09. > :14:09.because I am a slow reader. You are judging someone's first novel
:14:10. > :14:20.against somebody who has written their tent. We were talking about
:14:21. > :14:28.one of the novels, it is called Life After Life, how can that not win?
:14:29. > :14:32.Because some of the other books, which you have not read, are also
:14:33. > :14:37.juridical stop but there are five brilliant books. The poetry book is
:14:38. > :14:45.terrific. The biography is amazing. Some brilliant books but yes, it is
:14:46. > :14:48.tough. Obviously, you are a man who is known for knowing a lot of
:14:49. > :14:55.things, so how did you get involved in this? They asked me, and it is
:14:56. > :14:59.one of those things, it is all people you know, and I thought, it
:15:00. > :15:06.would be quite a fun thing to do. It is nice to be forced to read
:15:07. > :15:15.sometimes. It has been a lovely opportunity to do it. Have you read
:15:16. > :15:20.them all? Yes, why not, yes. I may have skipped the odd page on a
:15:21. > :15:25.couple of them. But it is a very impressive book, this one we have
:15:26. > :15:30.got it is beautiful. We thought you would love to see this. It has been
:15:31. > :15:35.created by Su Blackwell, and she makes these from the pages in
:15:36. > :15:43.books. She has got watercolour in there and everything. She rips pages
:15:44. > :15:53.out of books? Second-hand books, yes. Our science man explains now
:15:54. > :15:58.that vapour is pretty clever stuff. The strength of paper has been known
:15:59. > :16:02.for hundreds of years. As early as the seventh century, Chinese
:16:03. > :16:06.warriors made suits of armour from paper that were tough enough to
:16:07. > :16:17.withstand an arrow. So, I have enlisted a friend to help me put it
:16:18. > :16:23.to the test. This suit is made of 32 layers of paper and calico, a kind
:16:24. > :16:31.of cloth. When it is all piled up like this, it is big enough to
:16:32. > :16:35.protect our dummy. The secret to the strength of paper is cellulose, the
:16:36. > :16:42.building block of all plants. To find out more, I am visiting a
:16:43. > :16:48.master paper maker. Obviously, you can make paper from any plant. The
:16:49. > :16:54.very, very best one is cotton. The cellulose fibres in cotton are
:16:55. > :16:59.extremely pure. The cellulose fibres are extract from the cotton by
:17:00. > :17:07.mixing it with water and beating it into a pulp. The water separates the
:17:08. > :17:10.fibres, but when it drains away, they bond again, forming a sheet of
:17:11. > :17:15.paper. The reason for the bonding is down to simple cellulose chemistry.
:17:16. > :17:22.Cellulose is made up of three different elements - carbon,
:17:23. > :17:31.hydrogen and oxygen. When you have got lots of fibres together, water
:17:32. > :17:35.keeps them separate. But when the water drains away, the positive
:17:36. > :17:42.charge on the hydrogen is attracted to the negative charge on the
:17:43. > :17:46.oxygen, and that sticks all the fibres together. Now, scientists
:17:47. > :17:50.have discovered that by breaking down those cellulose fibres even
:17:51. > :17:54.further, it is possible to make super-strength paper. This professor
:17:55. > :18:01.has been working with colleagues in Sweden, testing their new creation,
:18:02. > :18:08.nano paper. It sounds very exciting, but what is it? Ordinary paper is
:18:09. > :18:15.made from fibres which are about 30 mu. In diameter. But nano paper is
:18:16. > :18:21.made out of nano fibres, which have diameters much smaller. Those fibres
:18:22. > :18:25.are able to bond together better because they get closer surface
:18:26. > :18:29.contact, there is higher surface area on the fibres, so you get
:18:30. > :18:34.stronger paper. It is very, very strong indeed. Show how strong it
:18:35. > :18:40.is, we are testing it against a thin strip of steel. This testing machine
:18:41. > :18:51.measures the force required to pull each sample apart. That was it. Next
:18:52. > :18:57.in, it is the turn of nano paper. That looks incredibly fragile. It is
:18:58. > :19:01.like tracing paper. It may seem like an unfair test, but Stephen is
:19:02. > :19:07.taking into account the width of each strip and the density of the
:19:08. > :19:14.material. So, after much calculation from Steven, this is the cellulose
:19:15. > :19:20.moment of truth. Steel broke at 40,000 newton metres per kilogram.
:19:21. > :19:23.Nano paper broke at 80,000, it is double the strength! That means that
:19:24. > :19:32.if you put ten of these together, it should be just enough to support me.
:19:33. > :19:37.To put my theory to the test, I have built a rig which I can sit in. This
:19:38. > :19:43.is the moment of truth, here we go. I have attached the paper and hooked
:19:44. > :19:51.it up to a swing. Putting all my weight on... Right, I am now sat
:19:52. > :20:00.with most of my weight on it. Take my feet off the ground... It is
:20:01. > :20:06.completely supporting my weight! That is astonishing. It is so
:20:07. > :20:10.amazing that car makers are now looking at replacing steel parts
:20:11. > :20:14.with nano paper, as it is stronger, easily moulded and much lighter. So,
:20:15. > :20:20.those Chinese warriors, more than 1000 years ago, had the right idea.
:20:21. > :20:29.Paper, or to be more precise, cellulose, is strong stuff. That was
:20:30. > :20:33.extraordinary. Nano paper, that is definitely not pointless. Goodness
:20:34. > :20:37.me. Have a look at these beautiful things we have got in front of us.
:20:38. > :20:42.This one was made by Chris Jones, from Preston. He is a phenomenal
:20:43. > :20:48.paper artist. It has all been made out of bits of paper ripped out of
:20:49. > :20:54.magazines and things. It is amazing. But it actually looks heavy, but it
:20:55. > :21:06.has all been created with drills paper. We also need to show you this
:21:07. > :21:16.picture. These have been created by Chinese artist Li Hongbo. He uses
:21:17. > :21:23.paper, and then, you can see the moving footage... It is like
:21:24. > :21:35.flicking through a telephone directory. And then, over here, we
:21:36. > :21:38.have got an amazing cityscape. You may recognise some of these
:21:39. > :21:47.buildings, Richard. We have the Battersea Power Station. And then we
:21:48. > :21:54.have the Durkin. Thanks for pointing those out. What is this big blue
:21:55. > :21:59.bit?! Who commissions these? All sorts of people. This one is
:22:00. > :22:05.actually a number of elements from a few project I have done. But I work
:22:06. > :22:13.on window displays and I make crops which are photographed for magazines
:22:14. > :22:17.and things. Who is that? I believe it is Richard, looking at your
:22:18. > :22:26.favourite book. Can Richard take that home? I will. Thank you very
:22:27. > :22:30.much. Now, it is time to leave the city behind and head to one of the
:22:31. > :22:36.most spectacular parts of Britain. Mike is off the West Coast of
:22:37. > :22:39.Scotland. Every year, thousands of people come to the Isle of Mull in
:22:40. > :22:46.Scotland for its outstanding wildlife. This is one of our most
:22:47. > :22:50.sure-footed mammals, the wild goat. They spend much of their time high
:22:51. > :22:55.on the slopes, but at this time of the year, they can also be found
:22:56. > :23:01.lower down. Finding them in this enormous landscape is not easy. To
:23:02. > :23:08.help me track them down, I am joining a local ecologist on a tough
:23:09. > :23:12.track along the coastline of Mull. The landscape makes it hard going
:23:13. > :23:16.for us, but boats are well suited to this amazing island. They are making
:23:17. > :23:26.it difficult for us to find them. But I have to say, the views are not
:23:27. > :23:35.bad! Eventually, John and I catch up with some of the animals. John, we
:23:36. > :23:41.have goats! At long last! That was a two-hour walk. Yes, it has been
:23:42. > :23:48.tough going, really rough to rain. This group is made up of adult
:23:49. > :23:53.females and kids. -- to rain. They usually stay quite close together.
:23:54. > :23:56.You get these little pockets of nannies and kids struggling behind
:23:57. > :24:04.the main group, but they will catch up later. I am sure the main group
:24:05. > :24:07.are just around the corner. Surviving in this rugged landscape
:24:08. > :24:11.means making the most of any food available. Boats are renowned for
:24:12. > :24:16.their ability to eat almost anything. On a nearby beach, we come
:24:17. > :24:20.across one of their digestive secrets. Have a look at this, a
:24:21. > :24:25.bunch of goats chilling out on the beach, my, they make is. They are
:24:26. > :24:30.actually here for an important reason, seaweed. Seaweed is a vital
:24:31. > :24:33.part of their diet. It is a rich source of iodine, which helps
:24:34. > :24:38.regulate how they can process their food. It helps them maximise the
:24:39. > :24:48.benefits they get from other foods, beaten higher up on the slope. Our
:24:49. > :24:56.search continues. Finally, we strike lucky. John, we have got Billy
:24:57. > :25:02.goats! I have to say, look at the horns on those. They are impressive,
:25:03. > :25:11.aren't they, to say the least Escomb the horns of goats are for life, and
:25:12. > :25:18.used to settle disputes during rutting, which can be sparked off by
:25:19. > :25:25.anything. The rutting season is much less defined than that of red deer,
:25:26. > :25:29.for example. They are not fighting right now, but the Billy goats are
:25:30. > :25:35.showing other signs in being interested in meeting. It looks like
:25:36. > :25:40.this mail is lifting his top lip, right next to those nannies. Yes, he
:25:41. > :25:46.is sensing there you are in, particularly, telling whether they
:25:47. > :25:50.are in season. You have actually seen them going headlong into each
:25:51. > :25:57.other? I certainly have. They do the full works, rearing up on their hind
:25:58. > :26:00.legs, coming smacking down together. They will do that repeatedly, I have
:26:01. > :26:07.watched them for at least half an hour. Often, you will get two main
:26:08. > :26:14.protagonists, but then you will get others coming and joining in. It can
:26:15. > :26:19.be mayhem. It makes you wonder how they survive that impact. It is a
:26:20. > :26:25.very impressive site if you can get to see it. And perhaps slightly
:26:26. > :26:29.bizarrely, it is not just the Billy goats that fight with their horns.
:26:30. > :26:34.The day before I arrived, the camera team also filmed the nannies having
:26:35. > :26:43.a tussle, probably as a means of establishing dominance within the
:26:44. > :26:47.herd. These animals are often overlooked in favour of the more
:26:48. > :26:51.famous Scottish wildlife. But today, I hope we have proved these majestic
:26:52. > :26:59.beasts are worthy of a bit more attention. I grew up on goats milk.
:27:00. > :27:07.It made me the man I am today! Enough about that! We obviously need
:27:08. > :27:15.to talk about Pointless, it is a quiz for serious people. But you do
:27:16. > :27:19.like a bit of a laugh... Name is many things that week Astley is
:27:20. > :27:33.never going to do... Never going to make you cry. That is good... 20!
:27:34. > :27:38.Richard? There is only one answer which would have beaten that. Let's
:27:39. > :27:42.take a look at all six of them. I am going to read these from the top,
:27:43. > :27:44.which I never normally do. # Give you up...
:27:45. > :28:02.# Let you down... That is 24. Run around and desert you, those are
:28:03. > :28:14.two separate things. I am joking! Leave it be! Just saying. Talking
:28:15. > :28:18.about Pointless, we have been asking you to send in pictures of pointless
:28:19. > :28:23.objects in your house. And we had a lot of husbands. We had husbands,
:28:24. > :28:28.wives, and we got this, which is extraordinary. This is on the wall
:28:29. > :28:36.by his TV. He has never worked out what it does. We do not know,
:28:37. > :28:42.either. There must be another one of those, with the second half of the
:28:43. > :28:46.alphabet, somewhere. It might be a game, you put it on a certain
:28:47. > :28:52.letter... I do not know. You have got one? This one is from Megan and
:28:53. > :28:56.Emily, which they found in their living room. They cannot work out
:28:57. > :29:04.what it does. Let's take a look! It is dad! In a few years, they will
:29:05. > :29:09.know exactly why dad is around. And this one came in from Glasgow. They
:29:10. > :29:16.say, they only use it to scare the children. And we will leave you with
:29:17. > :29:23.this one. Richard, thank you ever so much. Good luck with the Costa Book
:29:24. > :29:26.Awards tomorrow night. And tomorrow night, we will be joined by Bernard
:29:27. > :29:28.Cribbins. Goodbye.