:00:16. > :00:18.Hello and welcome to The One Show with Matt Baker.
:00:19. > :00:23.Our guest this evening is a man who has left his mark -
:00:24. > :00:32.His next giant leap is conquering Mars.
:00:33. > :00:38.It's true to say there's a real buzz in the studio
:00:39. > :00:42.tonight - please welcome Honourable Lunar Pioneer, Dr Buzz Aldrin!
:00:43. > :01:01.Nice to have you with us. I cannot believe that! It is not quite
:01:02. > :01:09.official yet! You like going for titles overhear! We are working on
:01:10. > :01:11.it! We have been reading up on you. You have an extraordinary past.
:01:12. > :01:13.Buzz, your father was an aviation pioneer.
:01:14. > :01:19.And your mum was even called Marion Moon.
:01:20. > :01:27.Your career was written in the stars. What would you want to be as
:01:28. > :01:33.a young child? And aviator. And barely aviator pioneer, aviation was
:01:34. > :01:40.all around my family, my uncle was flying aeroplanes, my aunt was a
:01:41. > :01:52.stewardess for Easter airlines. About the same time I was born.
:01:53. > :02:01.Aviation all-around. And my father was the manager of new work airport.
:02:02. > :02:07.Just before World War II started. I was a teenager, seeing the effects
:02:08. > :02:11.of aeroplanes and their effectiveness. I bet your family
:02:12. > :02:21.could not believe what you went on to do? My word! And the liveable! --
:02:22. > :02:23.unbelievable. We'll be hearing more about your
:02:24. > :02:26.amazing life and your new book Buzz, you're one of
:02:27. > :02:29.the few people to have travelled at 17,500mph -
:02:30. > :02:43.albeit in space. And when you come back, you are
:02:44. > :02:50.going faster than that! I will have to give you a lesson! On
:02:51. > :02:52.aerodynamics! This is good. We are focusing on speeding.
:02:53. > :02:55.But speeding down here on Earth is fast becoming
:02:56. > :02:57.a thing of the past - especially if you're travelling
:02:58. > :03:06.on the A9 in Scotland, as Kevin Duala has been finding out.
:03:07. > :03:24.Loch Morley beach in the heart of the Scottish Cairngorms. Beautiful.
:03:25. > :03:31.And tranquil. But get to hear and it is a different story. This is the
:03:32. > :03:36.A9, the main route through Scotland. The highway to the Highlands but it
:03:37. > :03:48.hasn't deadly reputation. Near misses. Close shaves. Bumper to
:03:49. > :03:57.bumper. Around 80 people every year are killed or seriously injured on
:03:58. > :04:01.this road. -- eight. It is no surprise that the A9 is home to the
:04:02. > :04:06.UK's longest stretch of prominent average speed cameras, costing over
:04:07. > :04:14.?3 million. They cover over 100 mile 's. Chances are they could be coming
:04:15. > :04:18.to a road near you soon. The One Show has been given exclusive access
:04:19. > :04:23.to a study by the RAC about the rapid growth of the average speed
:04:24. > :04:31.cameras. Richard Ayoade is the author. It is likely we shall see
:04:32. > :04:37.growth, they are becoming more popular with local authorities and
:04:38. > :04:39.the people who control major roads. Motorists think they are fairer
:04:40. > :04:42.because they don't just take the individual speed at any point and
:04:43. > :04:48.they are better at reducing casualties. For the first time they
:04:49. > :04:55.have been mapped. There are over 250 miles of them across the UK, double
:04:56. > :05:01.and two years ago. Official figures claim average speed cameras have
:05:02. > :05:07.halved serious crashes on the A9 but campaigner Mike Burns is convinced
:05:08. > :05:12.that micro-dash-macro not convinced. Surely the speed cameras is a good
:05:13. > :05:16.thing the smack they would be a good thing if speed was the problem and
:05:17. > :05:26.we discovered when we went further is that speeding was less than 2% of
:05:27. > :05:30.accidents. The quality of driving is reported as far from improving.
:05:31. > :05:33.Drivers are finding it equally as frustrating and have to really
:05:34. > :05:41.concentrate on this road for 100 mile 's and it is not a place were
:05:42. > :05:45.driving at speed by anyone. I can see his point because I am stuck
:05:46. > :05:50.behind a lorry. Do I overtake or run the risk? What are my options?
:05:51. > :05:59.Patience, taking in the scenery? I am going to get to my destination,
:06:00. > :06:05.but safely. Figures suggest average speed cameras cut deaths and serious
:06:06. > :06:13.injuries by 70%. One in 10,000 drivers who pass through them face a
:06:14. > :06:18.fine. Stewart is in charge of the cameras on the A9. Cameras are not
:06:19. > :06:23.loved by everyone but I think a lot more people on the A9 recognised the
:06:24. > :06:27.benefits they bring. What we have seen here since July last year until
:06:28. > :06:36.December was for the first time since records began in the 1970s, no
:06:37. > :06:41.fatal accidents at any point. When somebody says they don't think they
:06:42. > :06:47.work and twist statistics, they are not, they are making a difference.
:06:48. > :06:54.How do people feel about them? Time for a change of scene. The top of
:06:55. > :06:59.Cairngorm mountain. I have to say, absolutely beautiful. With
:07:00. > :07:04.everything here from tourists to smoked salmon being transported by
:07:05. > :07:12.roads, is it worth the extra journey times the cameras can cause? In
:07:13. > :07:17.Florida blue on traffic reports there are always problems on the A9,
:07:18. > :07:22.safety is paramount and that has to come before the convenience of the
:07:23. > :07:27.driver. I always allocate extra time for any hold-ups. I never rush.
:07:28. > :07:34.Forward thinking and planning is always a good thing. I use the A9
:07:35. > :07:39.forthcoming at North and there are some moments of Terry overtaking and
:07:40. > :07:45.cars trying to squeeze in front of trucks and some people go to fast so
:07:46. > :07:51.I think this is a good thing. People seem to like them here and if our
:07:52. > :07:56.survey is borne out, we will see a lot more of them. In the meantime, I
:07:57. > :08:03.am Ofcom, at an average speed of no more than 60 mph. -- I am going
:08:04. > :08:10.home. They just increase my blood pressure! You are very aware of
:08:11. > :08:15.that! They make you feel slightly sick!
:08:16. > :08:17.The research The One Show carried out has made
:08:18. > :08:25.The second most read story on the BBC News website. These cameras
:08:26. > :08:32.appear to be proliferating. Yes, the length of the UK network
:08:33. > :08:35.covered by permanent average speed cameras has more than
:08:36. > :08:37.doubled since 2013. Then, 127 miles of road
:08:38. > :08:39.were covered. Now it's more than
:08:40. > :08:47.263 miles in total. There are 51 different systems
:08:48. > :08:56.across the UK and the first place was Nottingham. The longest stretch
:08:57. > :09:06.of road is the A9 between Dublin and Inverness and the shortest is Tower
:09:07. > :09:16.Bridge in London. -- Dunblane. You don't have film any more? Why is
:09:17. > :09:21.that? All of these pictures... When they first started they had 35mm
:09:22. > :09:26.film but it is digital now. These days they are cheaper. If you are a
:09:27. > :09:34.council buying them in early 2000 they would set you back ?1.5 million
:09:35. > :09:45.for every mile and now they are ?150,000. We are not encouraging
:09:46. > :09:50.breaking speed limits at all. But... Is any sort of leeway? Some
:09:51. > :09:56.percentage that you can get away with? You are committing an offence
:09:57. > :10:05.if you go even one-mile over the official speed limit.
:10:06. > :10:07.But the National Police Chiefs Council suggests police forces don't
:10:08. > :10:09.prosecute until drivers exceed a margin of error of 10%
:10:10. > :10:12.of the speed limit to take into account driver concentration,
:10:13. > :10:23.If you are going at 35 mph in a 30 mile zone, you might avoid the fine.
:10:24. > :10:27.At 36, perhaps on the eastbound carriageway going out of Brighton,
:10:28. > :10:39.as I did ten years ago, you might get a fine, as I did! Smile at the
:10:40. > :10:53.camera! Is that the trick is Mike or wink! Perhaps some people do that! A
:10:54. > :11:02.hand signal perhaps? Only one of them comes to mind! Some of them
:11:03. > :11:07.might not work! Going fast but not getting a big fine? The cameras we
:11:08. > :11:13.commonly use, fixed flashing cameras, a study into those find
:11:14. > :11:18.that reports of their demise has been exaggerated. Only one fifth are
:11:19. > :11:22.not working, and we talk about film and its cameras some of them have
:11:23. > :11:26.gone out of date. But can't enter cancelled all of the speed cameras
:11:27. > :11:33.but it left them in place like scarecrows! But none of them work.
:11:34. > :11:40.However, it has been announced they will put new ones in. If you see the
:11:41. > :11:46.sign that says Cameron- smile! As you drive along... You don't even
:11:47. > :11:53.need the camera! With the sign, people will slow down! The deterrent
:11:54. > :11:55.effect. And they last met, a couple of years ago I was flashed twice in
:11:56. > :12:18.one journey, half a mile apart. You did not tell me that these
:12:19. > :12:21.cameras flash! Is it true that discretion can rule and sometimes
:12:22. > :12:26.you will only get one set of points? It comes down to the definition of
:12:27. > :12:29.whether it was the same occasion and a magistrate or police officer might
:12:30. > :12:34.decide the same occasion might amount to the same journey or
:12:35. > :12:40.separate breaking of the speed limit on the same journey. Technically,
:12:41. > :12:44.you could get done twice. A lot depends on whether they have paid
:12:45. > :12:49.for the camera! They have to make their money back! That is also an
:12:50. > :12:54.acquisition. Have you got all the information you wanted? Yes, I feel
:12:55. > :12:58.ready to go! Good luck with the journey! Thank you.
:12:59. > :13:03.Apart from being one of the first humans to have stepped foot
:13:04. > :13:06.on the moon, you served as a fighter jet pilot during the Korean War,
:13:07. > :13:10.He has an asteroid and crater named after him and continues to be
:13:11. > :13:12.an advocate of space science and planetary exploration.
:13:13. > :13:22.So let's remind ourselves why you're a lunar pioneer.
:13:23. > :13:38.A superb palette. Buzz Aldrin,... -- pilot. Three, two, one, we have
:13:39. > :13:43.liftoff! Apollo 11, how do you read? The Eagle has landed. That is one
:13:44. > :13:45.small step for man... One giant leap for mankind.
:13:46. > :14:04.APPLAUSE. When you see those pictures, how
:14:05. > :14:11.does that make you feel? Older! What emotions does that create? I like
:14:12. > :14:18.parades. I was in the Memorial Day parade in Washington. As far as the
:14:19. > :14:33.moon is concerned... There are parades on the moon. Not yet! We
:14:34. > :14:36.might send someone people... Maybe! -- send more people.
:14:37. > :14:38.You've decided to share some of the rules you live your life
:14:39. > :14:46.by with us in your new book, No Dream Is Too High.
:14:47. > :14:55.The first lesson is, the sky is not limit. Easy for you to say! Is a
:14:56. > :15:00.true that after you set foot on the moon for the first time, and came
:15:01. > :15:09.back to earth, daily struggle because you had picked, in a sense?
:15:10. > :15:15.-- peaked. If we send you to the moon, when you came back, life would
:15:16. > :15:23.be a little different. The One Show... Who did the big show! On the
:15:24. > :15:34.Moon! Your life would be different and mine was, also. Maybe it is like
:15:35. > :15:43.some of the soldiers that comeback. They have a time readjusting because
:15:44. > :15:50.of things that happened. People forget them. They do not remember.
:15:51. > :16:02.And they are ignored, maybe. That did not happen here. We make
:16:03. > :16:04.speeches. We meet kings and queens. That is what I mean by changing your
:16:05. > :16:14.life. You will be known. How do you put that into
:16:15. > :16:19.perspective, then? What was the key with dealing to the fact that you
:16:20. > :16:26.went to the moon and life goes on? Well, my decision was to go back to
:16:27. > :16:32.the air force. I happened to be the first astronaut who decided to go
:16:33. > :16:39.back. And I didn't quite get the assignment I was hoping for at the
:16:40. > :16:47.Air Force Academy, but I was unusual, because I had no test pilot
:16:48. > :16:54.training when I applied. Most of the others did. That was the sort of
:16:55. > :17:00.career I wanted. It turned out, if you want to go out there, at least
:17:01. > :17:05.Life magazine said so, you have to be trained as a test pilot, I
:17:06. > :17:15.wasn't. So I applied anyway, my friend called me and said, but I
:17:16. > :17:23.applied again the next year, with a little persistence, a trip or two to
:17:24. > :17:30.show the people what I was doing at MIT, rendezvous in space. That was
:17:31. > :17:36.going to be pretty valuable. One of your other lessons is maintain your
:17:37. > :17:41.spirit of adventure. Now, what we love about you, Buzz, you have been
:17:42. > :17:45.to the highest and the deepest points, because you love under the
:17:46. > :17:53.water, this is your happy place. Wide? Where did that love come from?
:17:54. > :17:57.What do you feel that you do not get on the surface? When you are down 30
:17:58. > :18:05.feet and just moving around, looking at the corals and the little fish,
:18:06. > :18:09.and you look up and see the water, the surface, everybody else is up
:18:10. > :18:15.there. They have all sorts of problems, I don't have any problems!
:18:16. > :18:23.I'm just down here. No, really, it is a fantastic way to get out of
:18:24. > :18:27.this world. Exactly, it is another world, you cannot quite put your
:18:28. > :18:34.finger on why, we just wait wonderful photograph of you with a
:18:35. > :18:39.whale shark. They are big! They are massive! Is it right that you were
:18:40. > :18:45.80 when you did that? I had to ask my son, because he was following and
:18:46. > :18:53.arranging the trip, I said, whale shark? What is that? Well, it's not
:18:54. > :19:00.a wail and it's not a shark. It does not have to come up to breathe, it
:19:01. > :19:07.has got small teeth, a shark has got big teeth. I checked that out before
:19:08. > :19:11.I...! Listen, the book that you have written is full of so many of your
:19:12. > :19:14.life lessons, and wonderful anecdotes to go with the gender
:19:15. > :19:22.everyone of them. It certainly makes you think, very much worth a read.
:19:23. > :19:29.-- to go with each and every one of them. No Dream Is Too High is out
:19:30. > :19:34.now. Sometimes you do not learn lessons unless you write them down!
:19:35. > :19:40.Failure is always an option, that is one of my favourites. You have
:19:41. > :19:43.shared some of your life lessons, so what we did, we asked our viewers
:19:44. > :19:45.whether they would be kind enough to share some of theirs, this is what
:19:46. > :19:58.they have to say. If you don't ask, you don't get.
:19:59. > :20:08.Seize the day. Have fun and enjoy life. It is never too late. I have
:20:09. > :20:14.recently gone back to college. I just felt the need to, like, almost
:20:15. > :20:23.reinvent myself. I never wanted to look back with regret. My life
:20:24. > :20:33.mantra is positive mental attitude. What you see on my face is the
:20:34. > :20:39.result of a car accident. I spent nearly six months in hospital. From
:20:40. > :20:41.that, I believe firmly that it is my positive mental attitude which got
:20:42. > :20:56.me to where I am today. My life mantra is to never give up.
:20:57. > :21:03.Aim high and achieve your goals. Treat others with the respect that
:21:04. > :21:10.you would like to be treated with. I am Alison, and I am 54. I had a
:21:11. > :21:14.sister, Heather, who died five years ago of breast cancer, and I learned
:21:15. > :21:22.from that experience that life is far too short. And do not take
:21:23. > :21:26.yourself too seriously. That is what my sister would have wanted me to
:21:27. > :21:31.live by, and I have since the day she died. She will be up there now,
:21:32. > :21:37.looking down, saying go for it, girl.
:21:38. > :21:43.Wasn't that wonderful? Thank you to each and every one of you. Keep your
:21:44. > :21:49.mind open to possibilities, show me your friends and I will show you
:21:50. > :21:54.your future. That is so true! Second comes right after first, of course!
:21:55. > :21:59.I like this one, trust your gut and instruments. Very good if you are an
:22:00. > :22:09.astronaut! And always keep laughing. That is my favourite one. You know
:22:10. > :22:15.Murphy's law? You know that? Ish! It is like the failure one. If
:22:16. > :22:20.something can go wrong, it will. I always like these, we could go on
:22:21. > :22:24.for ever, luck is a lifetime of preparation for a moment of
:22:25. > :22:29.opportunity. You say that quite a lot. It is true, though, you have
:22:30. > :22:34.got to be ready! So you have conquered the moon and you are on to
:22:35. > :22:42.Mars, what is the vision? I never thought of it as conquering, we
:22:43. > :22:46.kicked up some dust! That is pretty much conker, we will go with Congo.
:22:47. > :22:56.What about Mars, then? What is the vision? -- conquer. It is the
:22:57. > :23:02.destination that has been mentioned by maybe five presidents, but I
:23:03. > :23:09.think we are going to make it a little closer. Because we have got
:23:10. > :23:15.to do something, because we have been getting lower and lower and
:23:16. > :23:19.lower. Are you predicting that we will have, like, almost, I don't
:23:20. > :23:24.know, a town almost out there that people will go to and stay there for
:23:25. > :23:34.ever? Is that these thought? It has been called a base, and if you have
:23:35. > :23:42.a base on Mars, it would be nice to design and and then put a base on
:23:43. > :23:47.the moon, practice doing it there. You could do it for other countries
:23:48. > :23:55.to make use of, design it, landed, build it. So now we know how to do
:23:56. > :24:04.these things. There is a lot of that in my cycling pathways to Mars. It
:24:05. > :24:11.is not visit Mars and then come back. Most of the plans that Nasa
:24:12. > :24:16.has, they do that, but you can occupy, because if you visit and
:24:17. > :24:22.come back, Mars is empty, nobody is there. So it is to inhabit. You can
:24:23. > :24:27.occupy, people can stay, someone else comes in, then they come home.
:24:28. > :24:32.You end up with a fixed number of people. But now you are sending
:24:33. > :24:38.people and bringing them back all the time, it would be much better to
:24:39. > :24:42.inhabit, go there and stay. That would be something. You would put a
:24:43. > :24:47.lot of money into picking those people. There is a lot of red, white
:24:48. > :24:52.and blue flying around as you wave your arms up and down, can we have a
:24:53. > :25:03.look at your sock as well? I don't know if you can see, beautiful red,
:25:04. > :25:07.white and blue socks. New York skyline! I am sure that this anthem
:25:08. > :25:13.would have played many times as this picture was shown around the world.
:25:14. > :25:15.But I bet, Buzz, did you know that the anthem is actually, ready, a
:25:16. > :25:26.British export? Now then! De Star Spangled Banner is
:25:27. > :25:30.quintessentially American and has been delayed for more than 100 years
:25:31. > :25:35.and patriotic events and ceremonies. It became the official bash in
:25:36. > :25:38.London in 1931. The words may be American, but it originated this
:25:39. > :25:45.side of the pond as the official song of a wealthy gentleman's club
:25:46. > :25:54.in London. The Anacreontic Society health parties for amateur
:25:55. > :25:59.musicians. Its name came from an ancient Greek poet. The gentleman
:26:00. > :26:08.would enjoy food and music, joining in for the club anthem.
:26:09. > :26:20.SINGING For a communal anthem, this is a
:26:21. > :26:25.notoriously hard tune to sing. It is easy to sing if you are
:26:26. > :26:36.professionally trained, it has this huge range. It goes from here to
:26:37. > :26:49.here. It can't be that hard. # Me to end wine... #
:26:50. > :26:53.At which point... You are struggling. I could see why
:26:54. > :26:57.it was written for a musical society, because even for a good
:26:58. > :27:01.amateur, it is really quite tricky, isn't it? But you cannot keep a good
:27:02. > :27:06.tune a secret, and soon the melody was being used with different
:27:07. > :27:12.lyrics, not just in Britain but also abroad. The melody quickly travelled
:27:13. > :27:16.to America, and it was on September the 14th 1814 that the version we
:27:17. > :27:22.know today came into being as British ships bombarded the American
:27:23. > :27:25.Fort McHenry, American lawyer Francis Scott Key was on a British
:27:26. > :27:29.ship and negotiating the release of a prisoner. Seeing the fort's
:27:30. > :27:33.belated American flag flying throughout the fight, he was
:27:34. > :27:37.inspired to write a poem, which is set to the tune from the Anacreontic
:27:38. > :27:41.Society. It included anti-British lines like, their blood has washed
:27:42. > :27:48.out their foul footsteps' pollution, words which are still sung to this
:27:49. > :27:52.day. So, ironically, the Americans had adopted a British melody as the
:27:53. > :27:57.basis for the anthem, but who was it that wrote the music? The original
:27:58. > :28:04.sheet music still exists, but the composer was not credited and seemed
:28:05. > :28:11.lost for ever in history. That was until the 1970s, two centuries after
:28:12. > :28:15.it was written. A librarian at the US library of Congress bothered the
:28:16. > :28:19.composer's name in a gentleman's account of his visit to the
:28:20. > :28:24.Anacreontic Society. The connection confirmed that the US national
:28:25. > :28:31.anthem Tuesday June written by John Stafford Smith. -- used a tune. He
:28:32. > :28:36.was the son of the organist at Gloucester Cathedral. This is his
:28:37. > :28:39.memorial. Loved by the Anacreontic Society for his songs, he was
:28:40. > :28:43.invited to become a member, and it is easy to see how one of his
:28:44. > :28:49.melodies would be adopted as a club anthem. The Anacreontic Society
:28:50. > :28:54.continued for more than two decades, until the Duchess of Devonshire
:28:55. > :28:58.attended one evening. She hid behind the screen, but the gentleman felt
:28:59. > :29:05.they had to tone down their jokes, and many resigned in protest. By
:29:06. > :29:09.1792, the society was no more. As for John Stafford Smith's legacy,
:29:10. > :29:13.well, his melody is stitched into the very fabric of American life.
:29:14. > :29:18.Whenever the national flag is unfurled. And Gloucester Cathedral
:29:19. > :29:24.still flies the Stars and Stripes in honour of a citizen's achievement.
:29:25. > :29:31.So who better to perform the original Anacreontic Society song
:29:32. > :29:40.than the Gloucester Cathedral choir? SINGING
:29:41. > :29:46.It is the truth! Thanks so much, Buzz. It has been
:29:47. > :29:51.wonderful. From the man on the moon to the angel of the North, tomorrow
:29:52. > :30:01.we have got Alan Shearer! Shears, Buzz!
:30:02. > :30:04.Mr Reginald Keys? We're from Army notification.
:30:05. > :30:09.About your brother. He's been shot dead.