:00:16. > :00:20.Alex! Alex, where are you? Here she is. I've found her. Shouldn't you
:00:20. > :00:30.be in the studio right now? You're on air soon. Don't worry, I'll look
:00:30. > :00:36.
:00:36. > :00:41.after your coffee. I can't Hello and welcome to The One Show
:00:41. > :00:46.with Matt Baker. And Alex Jones - and that was Glen. Tonight, we're
:00:46. > :00:49.celebrating the search and rescue skills of the border collie. But
:00:49. > :00:56.first, a man who never needs to be rescued in the wild, it's
:00:56. > :01:00.naturalist, Bill Oddie. APPLAUSE
:01:01. > :01:05.We'll talk about the importance of feeding the birds in the gardens.
:01:05. > :01:09.Yes. Rather more specifically, continuing to feed them all the
:01:09. > :01:12.year. It's amazing how a fallacy can get into sort of public
:01:12. > :01:16.knowledge and it doesn't matter how many times you say it and do a
:01:16. > :01:21.programme about it, feed the birds all year, it still sticks that most
:01:21. > :01:28.people think I feed the birds in the winter. I get asked it all the
:01:28. > :01:33.time. When to stop. I say, "What?" it's now. We'll talk more about
:01:34. > :01:42.that, but I was talking to my mum and she sent some photographs down.
:01:42. > :01:48.That's great. Siskins. You know these. That's one of my favourite
:01:48. > :01:56.birds and a favourite name. Why? Because apart from anything else,
:01:56. > :02:00.the name sounds like something out of a dickins' novel. -- dick ens'
:02:00. > :02:08.novel. Where does it come from? don't know. It's related to
:02:08. > :02:16.canaries. Pretty birds. Have you got another one We might show you
:02:16. > :02:19.some later on. OK! If you've got birds in your gardens that you feed
:02:19. > :02:24.and don't recognise them and you would like Bill to help you, send
:02:24. > :02:29.us a picture. E-mail us it through and we'll see if he can help. On we
:02:29. > :02:32.go and in a decision that could affect communities across the
:02:32. > :02:36.country, the biggest travellers' site in Britain could be demolished
:02:36. > :02:40.at any time from midnight tonight. Simon Boazman went along to
:02:40. > :02:44.investigate both sides of the dispute. We'll have caravans along
:02:44. > :02:52.here that we'll set alight and they can see the dogs and children and
:02:52. > :02:56.everyone will be standing around it. Come on. Fighting talk -- and time
:02:56. > :03:00.will tell whether they're empty threats or bailiffs will have to
:03:00. > :03:03.fight their way into this site. The problems began when the travelling
:03:03. > :03:08.community that have been living here perfectly legally, expanded on
:03:08. > :03:12.to the land next door. The problem is that this is greenbelt land and
:03:12. > :03:19.without planning permission, they are legally setting up home and
:03:19. > :03:24.after ten years of court cases, it looks like it's time for them to go.
:03:24. > :03:29.We won't go! Basildon council and the law say they must. Even though
:03:29. > :03:35.the travellers own the land, chalets and hard-standings and
:03:35. > :03:40.roads and caravans will all have to go and that will be expensive. It
:03:40. > :03:43.will cost nearly �10 million. You'll move a community that has
:03:43. > :03:47.been living there quite peacefully for nearly ten years. Is this
:03:47. > :03:53.really the best use of council money? Do we want a situation if we
:03:53. > :03:56.only enforce the law if it's cheap? If we make exceptions on the
:03:56. > :03:59.greenbelt then the breaches will multiply and that means all sorts
:03:59. > :04:05.of things could get built to the detriment to the wider community.
:04:05. > :04:09.People should be treated equally. It's not a case of a particular
:04:09. > :04:15.ethnic group can claim special treatment under the law. That is
:04:15. > :04:19.against the fundamental principles of English law. Some residents
:04:19. > :04:24.whose properties border the site want it cleared. I'm in a prison.
:04:24. > :04:28.It's cost me �4500 to do this stretch alone. They think they've
:04:28. > :04:33.got a God-given right to do what they like. When the gypsies are
:04:33. > :04:39.gone - How will it feel for you? Hopefully a relief, but will it be
:04:39. > :04:42.a relief for someone else, because where will they go? At the end of
:04:42. > :04:46.the day, they are nice and polite. I ain't got a problem with them in
:04:46. > :04:49.the world. The problem is if they stay it opens up the floodgates and
:04:49. > :04:54.every farmer and everybody with a plot of land in the country will
:04:54. > :04:58.plough up their field. Flog it on or open it up as a caravan park.
:04:58. > :05:03.What started as a planning dispute between neighbours has now become a
:05:03. > :05:07.human rights issue, attracting vctivists from all across Europe. -
:05:07. > :05:12.- activists from all across Europe. We are going to help as much as we
:05:12. > :05:15.can Are you prepared to break the law? Yeah, if necessary. They are
:05:15. > :05:20.people living here and human beings and they have a council on their
:05:20. > :05:25.case with millions of pounds to spend making them homeless. They
:05:25. > :05:29.live here. They have lives like everybody else in this country.
:05:29. > :05:32.Training sessions are being held for volunteers who will act as
:05:32. > :05:35.legal observers. You will monitor people and if people get arrested
:05:35. > :05:40.you need to record all the information. By monitoring the
:05:40. > :05:44.eviction they are hoping to ensure it is done as humanely as possible.
:05:44. > :05:49.The worst of it is is waiting for the bail lives to come in to break
:05:49. > :05:54.it down, because that is what will -- bail lives to come in and break
:05:54. > :05:58.it down because is what will happen. Mary has started packing. These are
:05:58. > :06:04.your wordly possessions? That's what I will be leaving with if the
:06:04. > :06:08.eviction takes place. Just that? Just that. How can I bring this and
:06:08. > :06:15.that and my home? It will have to be left behind. Are you going to
:06:15. > :06:25.stay and watch this be taken apart? Yeah. It will kill me, that's all I
:06:25. > :06:34.know. You've gone from all of this, to that? Yeah, to that. Other
:06:34. > :06:40.travellers here aren't ready to go. When the day that the bailiffs come
:06:40. > :06:44.in? I'll lock myself in here. I'm going to hop that the council will
:06:44. > :06:49.find somewhere to home me. Do you think the young men on the site
:06:49. > :06:52.will go peacefully? No. With neither side giving way, it's a
:06:52. > :06:58.volatile situation and before we left on Saturday, the police were
:06:58. > :07:02.called. I'm not too sure what is going on here, but Len who we
:07:02. > :07:07.interviewed earlier, is finding himself in the back of a police car
:07:07. > :07:13.and tensions are riding really high here today. Len was later released
:07:13. > :07:17.without charge on police bail. This afternoon, the High Court rejected
:07:17. > :07:20.the travellers' application for an injupbs to delay the clearance. --
:07:20. > :07:25.injunction to delay the clearance. After ten years it looks like it
:07:25. > :07:35.will come to an end, because at midnight from tonight, all of this
:07:35. > :07:39.
:07:39. > :07:43.can be knocked down. That's it then, Simon, they've got to go? Well,
:07:43. > :07:46.after ten years you would think it has to come to an end, so from
:07:46. > :07:49.midnight tonight they have the legal right, the bailiffs to move,
:07:49. > :07:54.and move people off the property. There is one lady who is there and
:07:54. > :07:59.is very se sick at the moment and they've take -- very, very sick at
:07:59. > :08:04.the moment and the council have taken a legal obligation to review
:08:04. > :08:10.her medical condition. It's a bit bizarre. You get one person who is
:08:10. > :08:13.critically ill and everybody else will go? It's how they move her,
:08:13. > :08:20.because she is linked to medical equipment and they can't move her.
:08:20. > :08:24.That's the only review. Pretty high-profile protesters. The bishop
:08:24. > :08:27.of Chelmsford and Vanessa Redgrave. What points are they making? There
:08:27. > :08:30.has been a community there for ten years and children are in schools
:08:30. > :08:36.and there is a community that is settled and by picking them up and
:08:36. > :08:39.forcibly splitting them up, that could be infringement of their
:08:39. > :08:43.human rights. Basildon council's reasons then? This has been going
:08:43. > :08:46.on for ten years. It's a planning issue effectively. They moved on to
:08:46. > :08:51.the land and set up illegal homes there. The precedent would be that
:08:51. > :08:55.anybody with greenbelt land, which this is, could build houses and
:08:55. > :09:00.there's a financial incentive, because if they take land with no
:09:00. > :09:04.planning permission, which they've bought for �100,000 let's say, with
:09:04. > :09:09.permission, it could be worth �2 million. The council are saying a
:09:09. > :09:13.line has to be drawn. I think what do they intend to do with the land
:09:13. > :09:18.or don't they have to say that? When it is reduced to a legal
:09:18. > :09:21.matter as opposed to human matters, what is the council going to do?
:09:21. > :09:26.Basildon council don't own the land. The travellers will still own the
:09:26. > :09:30.land, but they don't have land to build. It's the permission. What
:09:30. > :09:35.will happen then at one minute past midnight, if anything? The council
:09:36. > :09:39.have assured us that there have been lessons learnt from other
:09:39. > :09:43.traveller evictions that have turned into violence and everyone
:09:43. > :09:46.will be sleeping, because they'll take a very slow process. They have
:09:46. > :09:50.enough money to do this over the next couple of months. Maybe there
:09:50. > :09:56.will be letters in the first few days, but hopefully the council
:09:56. > :10:00.will say that they've don't want any violence. I'm sure they don't,
:10:00. > :10:03.but I wouldn't bet against it definitely. I would bet that there
:10:03. > :10:07.will be some violence. There's a lot of determined people there. A
:10:07. > :10:11.lot of people who are not prepared to give up without a fight. I can
:10:11. > :10:15.understand that. Is this a situation that could be repeated
:10:15. > :10:18.across the country? Wherever there is a site that doesn't have
:10:18. > :10:22.planning permission, this could happen in many places. There are
:10:22. > :10:26.thousands of sites. It's down to the local council whether they want
:10:26. > :10:30.this confrontation and this has only come because of ten years of
:10:30. > :10:40.wrangling. Communities are settled and this means it will be quite a
:10:40. > :10:45.
:10:45. > :10:50.big yuep heavel. Thank you. -- upheavel. A starring role is just
:10:50. > :10:56.another chapter in the story of the Waverley. Carrie Grant has looked
:10:56. > :11:00.into the story. The Waverley was built in 1946, right here in
:11:00. > :11:07.Glasgow. It's the world's last sea- going paddle steamer and I'm about
:11:07. > :11:12.to get on it to take a voyage that may be one of its last. It was
:11:12. > :11:17.built in 1946, for passenger ferry and services on the Clyde and she
:11:17. > :11:22.was the last of a long line going back to 1812. Ships like this were
:11:22. > :11:29.the only way that ordinary people could get out of the grime of the
:11:29. > :11:32.industrial cities and take a cruise down the coast. Years before the
:11:32. > :11:36.First World War there were literally hundreds of ships like
:11:36. > :11:40.the Waverley all around the coast and right up to the middle of the
:11:40. > :11:47.1960's there were a lot and suddenly they all went to the
:11:47. > :11:52.breakers' yard, except this one. It's busy and bustling with people
:11:52. > :12:01.having fun, but today the future of the Waverley is in danger. It's due
:12:01. > :12:07.to a �350,000 cash shortfall. The captain, Ian, has been mat ter for
:12:07. > :12:11.four years. How -- master for four years. How did it become critical?
:12:11. > :12:14.When the weather it is difficult to get people to come out and for the
:12:14. > :12:20.last seven years the summers haven't been good. It's very
:12:20. > :12:25.popular, but we need it to be more. Tell me about the technology.
:12:25. > :12:29.the same technology as when she was built. She just has one steam
:12:29. > :12:35.engine, driving two paddle wheels and fixed on one shaft. There's
:12:35. > :12:40.only one rudder and it's at the back of the ship. No-one
:12:40. > :12:44.understands the mechanics of this 20th century masterpiece as well as
:12:44. > :12:48.James Jardine. The thing about the engine is the size and the heads
:12:48. > :12:58.and the way it was put together. What about the running cost? They
:12:58. > :13:02.are quite high. Especially with the efficiency of the engine. The money
:13:02. > :13:06.could keep the wheels going for three minutes just in fuel costs
:13:06. > :13:12.for �30. I get on the boat and spend �30 and that pays for three
:13:12. > :13:16.minutes? Yep. What does it symbolise for you? I'm an old-
:13:16. > :13:22.fashioned guy and this is an old- fashioned ship. Emotionally most of
:13:22. > :13:28.the crew, I'm very bonded to it and there is a live, living ship, not
:13:28. > :13:34.just a machine like some modern vessels. When did you serve on the
:13:34. > :13:43.Waverley and what did you do? served from 1962 to 64. I was
:13:43. > :13:46.assistant purser. We worked six days, including Saturday and Sunday.
:13:46. > :13:55.Always enjoyed coming here and seeing the Waverley. We come at
:13:55. > :13:59.least once a year. What memories does the Waverley have for you?
:13:59. > :14:05.proposed. I remember it was where I proposed to Heather and luckily she
:14:05. > :14:08.accepted. I've had a great day and met some interesting cebgsters and
:14:08. > :14:12.learnt about the history and heritage -- characters and learnt
:14:12. > :14:22.about the hiss trist and I hope it keeps going along for many years to
:14:22. > :14:25.
:14:25. > :14:29.It is so important to feed the birds throughout the year. Yes,
:14:29. > :14:33.especially in summer. People think just the winter, but not at all.
:14:33. > :14:37.That is because in the late summer you have the most birds in your
:14:37. > :14:41.garden. The adult birds are exhausted and in a terrible state
:14:41. > :14:47.because they have been feeding the young birds, who are now also
:14:47. > :14:57.feeding. So you have got more birds and some of them need soft fruit.
:14:57. > :15:01.That is a euphemism for regally things like this! -- soft food.
:15:01. > :15:05.They are male worms. Are you OK with things like this? She is
:15:05. > :15:10.probably better than me! Lots of them are leaving our shores and
:15:10. > :15:15.migrating. That is one of the most exciting things. Your garden at
:15:15. > :15:19.this time of year can change overnight. People come to me right
:15:19. > :15:25.now and tell me they have nothing in their garden. That is because
:15:25. > :15:33.the birds that have nested in that area are malting. So they go and
:15:33. > :15:37.hide because their feathers are falling out. I have a problem
:15:37. > :15:42.without a tail at the moment. Don't pull a face like that! You won't
:15:42. > :15:46.have him on your Christmas card. A lot of people worry that the birds
:15:46. > :15:51.will disappear, but they will come back with nice new feathers. At
:15:51. > :15:54.this time of year, the beginning of autumn, birds begin to fly South.
:15:54. > :16:01.That is when you get of visitors which are probably not from your
:16:01. > :16:05.area. -- strange visitors. This is a willow warbler. He is singing but
:16:05. > :16:14.he would not be doing that at this time of year. I think that
:16:14. > :16:21.photograph was taken on May 3rd. That is a black cap, and the female
:16:21. > :16:26.has a brown head. But she is not called a brown cap. That is not
:16:26. > :16:33.right. Those chaps now start the winter in Britain. Which birds are
:16:33. > :16:38.in danger? In danger? Gardens are probably the healthiest habitat
:16:38. > :16:42.that we have got. Farmland areas are the least healthy and that is
:16:42. > :16:47.where the birds really are in danger. Gardens do a fantastic job
:16:47. > :16:52.and people that feed the birds do a great job of conservation. We still
:16:52. > :16:55.have some mysteries. We have three little birds. On the left is the
:16:55. > :16:59.song thrush, which has the most wonderful song. They repeat every
:16:59. > :17:06.phrase but every phrase is difficult and it is wonderful to
:17:06. > :17:13.listen to. -- is different. What is the problem? We really don't know.
:17:13. > :17:16.Several newspapers have but rewards in a newspaper for anyone that can
:17:16. > :17:22.solve the mystery of the disappearing house sparrow. They
:17:22. > :17:27.get free membership or something. But nobody really knows. We know
:17:27. > :17:32.there is a shortage of insect food. That is all connected. That means
:17:32. > :17:36.that the atmosphere in our cities in particular, and particularly in
:17:36. > :17:39.London unfortunately, there is something wrong. We are losing
:17:39. > :17:43.insects and caterpillars. Were have to leave it there because we are
:17:43. > :17:47.out of time but we will talk more as we go on.
:17:47. > :17:51.In the last of our series of films about man's best friend in our
:17:51. > :17:56.history, it is the turn of the Border collie. They help the
:17:56. > :18:03.economy but they also are increasingly important in search
:18:03. > :18:07.and rescue situations. This is Dodge. In the last three
:18:07. > :18:13.years he has saved four lives working with the mountain rescue
:18:13. > :18:16.team in Yorkshire. Border collies like Dodge on the most widely used
:18:16. > :18:21.search-and-rescue dogs in the UK. It is a modern role for a breed
:18:21. > :18:26.that is usually associated with sheep farming. The skills needed
:18:26. > :18:31.for both of these jobs draw on the unique history of this breed. It is
:18:31. > :18:35.hard to imagine sheep farming in the UK without Border collies.
:18:35. > :18:41.Today the industry contributes over �1.5 billion each year towards the
:18:42. > :18:45.British economy and in no small part this is down to the skills of
:18:45. > :18:50.the Border collie. With a natural herding instinct and intelligence
:18:50. > :18:55.which allows them to be trained, and a hunger for hard work, it is
:18:55. > :18:59.reckoned one Border collie does the work of three men. James, a 19th
:18:59. > :19:02.century shepherd turned poet from the Scottish borders, but it
:19:02. > :19:08.perfectly when he said that without the sheep dog the mountainous land
:19:08. > :19:12.of Britain would be worth not his expense. How did the Border collie
:19:12. > :19:18.become to be so indispensable? The answer lies in centuries of careful
:19:18. > :19:23.breeding. Barbara is a member of the International sheepdog Society,
:19:23. > :19:28.and a Border collie expert. The original shoot dogs were much
:19:28. > :19:33.bigger and fiercer than the ones we have today. -- sheepdogs. They were
:19:33. > :19:36.bred to keep the wolves away. When they began to die out in the 16th
:19:36. > :19:45.century, they were bred for their herding ability more than anything
:19:45. > :19:49.else. So those dogs from the 16th century would be the direct
:19:49. > :19:53.ancestors of these Border collies. Yes, and the breeding has taken out
:19:53. > :19:58.the bad traits and kept the good ones, giving the perfect sheep dog.
:19:58. > :20:02.So skilled were British Border collies that in the mid- 1800's we
:20:03. > :20:06.started exporting them around the world to Australia and the USA.
:20:06. > :20:10.Whenever there was sheep-farming, our Border collies were in faster
:20:10. > :20:16.man. In 1870 through the first competitive sheepdog trial was held
:20:16. > :20:21.in North Wales. -- 1873. And then the Border collie went from
:20:21. > :20:30.strength to strength. One dog that remained unbeaten in trials around
:20:30. > :20:35.his life was the legendary Hemp born in Northumberland. He was
:20:35. > :20:39.considered the perfect sheepdog. He fathered over 200 dogs and now tens
:20:39. > :20:44.of thousands of Border collies around the world of thought to have
:20:44. > :20:50.his blood running through their veins. And this little fellow here
:20:50. > :20:55.may well be one of them. These days the breed is still considered the
:20:55. > :21:02.best sheep dog in the world. Around the 1970's his skills were
:21:02. > :21:06.recognised as being ideal for a new role, search-and-rescue. The
:21:06. > :21:12.secretary of the search and rescue Dog Association joins me today.
:21:12. > :21:15.the collies are really good at search and rescue work. It is for
:21:15. > :21:20.the same reason that they are good that she work. They are highly
:21:21. > :21:26.intelligent, easy to train, and workaholics. They love a game. It
:21:26. > :21:31.is just a game of hide-and-seek to them. To find out how good Dodge is
:21:32. > :21:36.that finding people, I try a simple demonstration. I hide behind one
:21:36. > :21:42.tree and Dodge and his handler start their search at the other end.
:21:42. > :21:48.He cannot see me but can he detect me with his sense of smell? I am
:21:48. > :21:55.250 metres away from him. Let's see if he can sniff me out. If he finds
:21:55. > :22:01.me, he will run back to his handler barking. Then he will try to lead
:22:01. > :22:09.the handler to me by continually running between the two of us.
:22:09. > :22:14.Success! Hello, Dodge! Good boy. Well done. These special dogs
:22:14. > :22:17.continue to have a truly positive influence on our lives. They have
:22:17. > :22:24.earned themselves a place as one of the most treasured breeds in
:22:24. > :22:27.Britain and around the world. To give you an idea of how
:22:27. > :22:34.important Border collies are in search and rescue situations, we
:22:34. > :22:41.are joined by Glen and his handler Bill. Glen is very relaxed. Earlier
:22:41. > :22:46.this year Glen helped to rescue two pilots. What happened? They light
:22:46. > :22:49.aircraft crashed in bad visibility at night. A major search involving
:22:49. > :22:55.a three-man rescue team and a helicopter. The helicopter had to
:22:55. > :22:59.turn and go back because the weather was so bad. Eventually Glen
:23:00. > :23:04.found the cent and took us to the pilots, still in the aircraft. They
:23:04. > :23:08.were subsequently rescued. For as we think of them as heroes but will
:23:08. > :23:16.then it is just a massive game of hide-and-seek. Yes, a dog must
:23:16. > :23:23.enjoy what they are doing and it is essentially again. We have a great
:23:23. > :23:33.game on Friday. Friday is The One Show Dog Show. We are looking for
:23:33. > :23:43.the dog with the most wag in detail. Dogs that look like their owners
:23:43. > :23:43.
:23:43. > :23:47.and once that look really pretty. Until now scars in the countryside
:23:47. > :23:56.have hidden our history. But now recent excavations have revealed
:23:56. > :23:59.some interesting tactics of trench warfare. These extraordinary scars
:23:59. > :24:03.on the landscape may look like they could be the product of
:24:03. > :24:07.supernatural activity. Graphic patterns created by a force greater
:24:07. > :24:12.than us. These mounds of earth played a crucial role in our
:24:12. > :24:17.efforts to win for First World War. These man's and hollows are the
:24:17. > :24:20.remains of intricate practice trenches. They were dug by soldiers
:24:20. > :24:24.in preparation for the real horrors of the Western Front in France and
:24:25. > :24:31.Belgium. What they would learn would prove invaluable for the
:24:31. > :24:35.momentous task ahead. Trench warfare was used by the ancient
:24:35. > :24:40.Romans but it became a powerful symbol of the atrocious battles of
:24:40. > :24:47.the Great War. The Western Front was a web of interlocking corridors,
:24:47. > :24:51.separated by the infamous no-man's- land. It was that places like RAF
:24:51. > :24:56.Halton in Buckinghamshire that soldiers develop sophisticated
:24:57. > :25:05.trenches to gain an advantage and limit casualties. This was a dog
:25:05. > :25:09.leg trench. What is the advantage? It keeps people alive. It comes
:25:09. > :25:13.from bitter experience of fighting in the South Africa when the
:25:13. > :25:17.trenches were longer and more sinuous. If a shell burst, then the
:25:17. > :25:21.fragmentation used to kill lots of people. This means it cannot do
:25:21. > :25:25.that. A blast here will be soaked up by the buttresses here and
:25:25. > :25:31.bullets cannot travel along. If people are trying to capture your
:25:31. > :25:36.trench, each corner has a defender, which makes it difficult. This
:25:36. > :25:44.seems very technologically advanced. They sold in 1914 would not have
:25:44. > :25:48.recognised this but by 1918 we have all the techniques they were using.
:25:48. > :25:54.-- the soldiers in 1914. That parrot that is so that you can rest
:25:54. > :25:59.your elbow while you are firing. -- that parapet. The remnants of these
:25:59. > :26:02.trenches can be seen all over the country but at RAF Halton, Martin
:26:02. > :26:12.and his archaeologists are run covering the trenches to discover
:26:12. > :26:14.
:26:14. > :26:18.And why are you digging here? common perception is that people
:26:18. > :26:23.were not trained and they were, they were trained here. What have
:26:23. > :26:28.you found? All manner of things. Some of it tells you about their
:26:28. > :26:33.lives. Pickle jars, spoons, HP Sauce. That tells us something
:26:33. > :26:42.fantastic about the army diet of the time. It is nutritious, but it
:26:42. > :26:48.is very boring. What makes it better his brown sauce! We have
:26:48. > :26:54.heard about people keeping them a roll up. This thing. Bovril!
:26:54. > :27:01.Brilliant. What improves your day? A hot drink. When we get a break,
:27:01. > :27:05.we have a brick and we light up. It keeps people going. All soldiers
:27:05. > :27:09.were trained in trench warfare as part of basic training before the
:27:09. > :27:13.war. How important was it for them to go through training in actual
:27:13. > :27:18.trenches? The big thing is that the British Army has to take thousands
:27:18. > :27:24.of civilians, factory workers, dockers, of the spores, and turn
:27:24. > :27:30.them into soldiers capable of winning a World War. -- office boys.
:27:30. > :27:35.They took them and they were the guys that beat the Germans. Did
:27:35. > :27:40.this training work? Oh, yes. valuable lessons learnt during the
:27:40. > :27:44.war form the basis of a manual written in 1921. What this does is
:27:44. > :27:47.it distills all of the experience of four years of fighting on the
:27:47. > :27:52.Western Front. They have gone from having a single line of trenches to
:27:52. > :27:59.something like that, with front line, support line, reserve line,
:27:59. > :28:09.defence, barbed wire. We are sitting on and a friend. You put
:28:09. > :28:09.
:28:09. > :28:14.your feet on top of the boards and they are out of the wet. -- and a
:28:14. > :28:19.frame. It is so sad that so many people died without this knowledge
:28:19. > :28:28.but then time moves on and we never returned to this. Yes, people die
:28:28. > :28:32.in, that is one of the sad and hard facts of military history. It is
:28:32. > :28:37.the learning curve. Million died during the First World War but
:28:37. > :28:40.these Fridays trenches give a vivid reminder of the ordinary men that