0:00:02 > 0:00:04Are you bonkers about biology and crazy about chemistry?
0:00:04 > 0:00:07Have you got a hankering for helping people who are ill?
0:00:07 > 0:00:09And in a full-on emergency, are you up to saving someone's life?
0:00:09 > 0:00:12Then a career as a doctor or medic could be for you.
0:00:19 > 0:00:21Today, we will really get your blood pumping.
0:00:21 > 0:00:24Our two rookies are determined doctors in the making.
0:00:24 > 0:00:26We'll get their hearts racing at a GP practice
0:00:26 > 0:00:30and one of the UK's biggest children's hospitals.
0:00:30 > 0:00:33They'll even try their hand at surgery
0:00:33 > 0:00:35when we go All Over The Workplace!
0:00:55 > 0:00:57Now, I'm pretty sure I know my way around medicine.
0:00:57 > 0:01:00After all, I've seen loads of TV doctor dramas.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03There's loads of urgent running down corridors with trolleys.
0:01:03 > 0:01:05And loads of bossing people about with big words.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08You! Cross match two units of O neg. Stats!
0:01:08 > 0:01:11And lots of looking concerned and nodding.
0:01:13 > 0:01:16But when our rookies find out what being a doctor is really like,
0:01:16 > 0:01:18will they still want to be life-savers?
0:01:18 > 0:01:21Or will they end up losing their PATIENTS?
0:01:21 > 0:01:24Ha-ha! Patience! Patients! Ha-ha!
0:01:26 > 0:01:29My name's Lubna. I am 12 years old.
0:01:29 > 0:01:32Recently there has been an earthquake in Pakistan
0:01:32 > 0:01:33and Afghanistan.
0:01:33 > 0:01:37I want to be that daring doctor to go and help their injuries
0:01:37 > 0:01:42and I want to go and help Palestine, Syria, Israel and et cetera.
0:01:42 > 0:01:47Hi, I'm Rayaan and I'm 12 years old and I want to be a heart surgeon.
0:01:47 > 0:01:49The reason why I want to be a heart surgeon is because,
0:01:49 > 0:01:52when my grandad had a heart operation,
0:01:52 > 0:01:55I really feel that it's something that's really serious, and to
0:01:55 > 0:01:58save somebody's life like that, I think I'd really love to do it.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01The rookies have travelled from their home towns to join
0:02:01 > 0:02:02Alex in Newcastle.
0:02:03 > 0:02:06So, Rayaan and Lubna, you both want to be doctors?
0:02:06 > 0:02:08- Yes.- That's quite a tough profession, I would say.
0:02:08 > 0:02:11What do you think might be tough about it, Rayaan?
0:02:11 > 0:02:14Well, definitely dealing with tragedies is something very big.
0:02:14 > 0:02:16OK, well, that's the negative side.
0:02:16 > 0:02:19What do you think you could bring to that job?
0:02:19 > 0:02:21Well, I'm good with kids,
0:02:21 > 0:02:25so I think I can make them calm and tell them that everything's
0:02:25 > 0:02:28going to be all right and there's nothing to worry about.
0:02:28 > 0:02:30A good bedside manner. Very important, yes.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32So, what about you, Rayaan?
0:02:32 > 0:02:34- Well, I want to be a surgeon.- Yeah.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37So, to be a surgeon, you have to have a steady hand. I like painting.
0:02:37 > 0:02:40So, when you paint, you have to have a steady hand.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42Well, that's what you think about your skills.
0:02:42 > 0:02:45But here's what your parents have got to say.
0:02:45 > 0:02:48The bits that Rayaan may potentially find challenging
0:02:48 > 0:02:51is the gory side of it, and seeing blood.
0:02:51 > 0:02:55When she sees blood, it's not like she's screaming or crying,
0:02:55 > 0:02:57"Oh, Mum, I've seen something."
0:02:57 > 0:02:59She's not that kind of a person.
0:02:59 > 0:03:03Rayaan? You don't like blood!
0:03:03 > 0:03:04- Yeah...- You want to be a surgeon!
0:03:04 > 0:03:07You're going to see blood when you're a surgeon, you know.
0:03:07 > 0:03:11I know, but the only thing is, I don't like to cut the skin.
0:03:11 > 0:03:14"I'm a great surgeon. I just don't like cutting people up."
0:03:14 > 0:03:16I mean, what are you going to do about that?
0:03:16 > 0:03:19- That's not a very good surgeon, is it?- I know, I know.
0:03:19 > 0:03:21See if there was a child right there and they was, like,
0:03:21 > 0:03:23they're bleeding or something
0:03:23 > 0:03:27and no-one's doing anything about it, then I'll be there to help them.
0:03:27 > 0:03:29OK, all right. I'll bear that in mind.
0:03:29 > 0:03:32OK, well, let's see how you get on with your first task. Come with me.
0:03:32 > 0:03:34Let's go.
0:03:34 > 0:03:36So, have you any idea what we're going to be doing next?
0:03:36 > 0:03:37Nope, no idea.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39We're going to see the GP.
0:03:39 > 0:03:41Hope we can get an appointment!
0:03:42 > 0:03:44"GP" means General Practitioner.
0:03:44 > 0:03:47Basically another term for "doctor".
0:03:47 > 0:03:50The GP would usually be a patient's first port of call
0:03:50 > 0:03:53if they notice something wrong.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55Dr Natalie Crowe has been a GP for 20 years,
0:03:55 > 0:03:58and she is also responsible for training junior doctors.
0:03:58 > 0:04:01So she should be a great mentor for Lubna and Rayaan.
0:04:01 > 0:04:05Have you got three top tips that you can give us about being a GP?
0:04:05 > 0:04:08Well, my first top tip would have to be that you have to be able
0:04:08 > 0:04:11to listen really well to people and make them feel at ease,
0:04:11 > 0:04:13so they don't mind talking to you.
0:04:13 > 0:04:16My second top tip would be that you need to
0:04:16 > 0:04:20think about the person as a whole person, not just about why
0:04:20 > 0:04:24they're poorly, but how that affects their everyday life.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27And my third top tip would be that you have to be able to work
0:04:27 > 0:04:30under pressure and you have to be able to work quite quickly
0:04:30 > 0:04:33and make quick decisions.
0:04:33 > 0:04:34Dr Natalie's top tips are...
0:04:36 > 0:04:38You've got to pay attention as a medic.
0:04:40 > 0:04:43Improving the everyday life of the patient is the aim.
0:04:45 > 0:04:48You've got to keep your cool in those time-critical moments.
0:04:50 > 0:04:53Well, I think it's about time we saw some patients. OK?
0:04:53 > 0:04:55So what I'd like you to do is
0:04:55 > 0:04:58to find out a little bit about his history.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02Dr Natalie wants Rayaan and Lubna to investigate the patient's medical
0:05:02 > 0:05:05background and find out about any medication he might be taking.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08Remember her top tip, treating the patient as a whole?
0:05:08 > 0:05:11This is exactly what she means.
0:05:11 > 0:05:13I've got a history of high blood pressure.
0:05:13 > 0:05:16And it is controlled by medication.
0:05:16 > 0:05:19OK, so what do you think we should do with Mr Barnes?
0:05:19 > 0:05:22- Take his blood pressure. - That sounds like a very good idea.
0:05:22 > 0:05:26Lubna, do you want to see if you can help me fit this on Mr Barnes?
0:05:26 > 0:05:28So we need to put this on his arm,
0:05:28 > 0:05:31so you need to wrap this round so that this bit is
0:05:31 > 0:05:36just above the crease of his elbow, so you start pumping. That's it.
0:05:36 > 0:05:40Press a bit harder. Very good. Can you see what's happening here?
0:05:40 > 0:05:43- Yeah.- So, can you put that in your ears?- OK.
0:05:43 > 0:05:48So if you can tell me when you hear some sounds starting.
0:05:48 > 0:05:50- Now.- Excellent.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53And then when they disappear. Yeah?
0:05:53 > 0:05:59- Disappeared.- Fantastic. So, you've checked his blood pressure.
0:05:59 > 0:06:01- Thank you. - Were they round about here, at 140?
0:06:01 > 0:06:03- Yeah.- And then when they disappeared...
0:06:03 > 0:06:05It was round about, yeah...
0:06:05 > 0:06:09- About 70.- Yeah.- Excellent. So your blood pressure is 140/70.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12- Thank you, thank you. - That was really good.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14So, I think, if we have a listen to his heart,
0:06:14 > 0:06:16- would you like to have a go at that? - OK.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19OK, so I'll put the stethoscope on Mr Barnes' chest
0:06:19 > 0:06:20and you can tell me what you can hear, OK?
0:06:20 > 0:06:24- Is that all right?- Cool, cool. - Lovely. Just put it down there.
0:06:26 > 0:06:30- His heart beating.- Good. That's a good sign!- I'm alive!
0:06:30 > 0:06:35It's doing beat, beat-beat. Beat, beat-beat, like that.
0:06:35 > 0:06:39- So it's going a regular rhythm, so well done!- Good!
0:06:39 > 0:06:43- That sounds fantastic, excellent job. Good. Thank you.- Thank you.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51In the 1890s, Victor Horsley was the first surgeon
0:06:51 > 0:06:55anywhere in the world to work in a hospital as a brain surgeon
0:06:55 > 0:06:56at the age of just 29.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59South African cardiac surgeon Christiaan Barnard
0:06:59 > 0:07:04performed the world's first successful heart transplant in 1967.
0:07:04 > 0:07:06That's less than 50 years ago.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09Wilson Greatbatch invented the heart pacemaker accidentally
0:07:09 > 0:07:13when he was trying to record the sound of a heart beating.
0:07:13 > 0:07:16Pacemakers now improve the lives of thousands of people and,
0:07:16 > 0:07:18in some cases, save lives.
0:07:19 > 0:07:22I've got another patient for you to see, but this time
0:07:22 > 0:07:27I want you to see if you can see the patient on your own, without me.
0:07:27 > 0:07:28Wow!
0:07:28 > 0:07:31- Hi.- Hi, there.- Hiya.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34- How are you? - I'm good, thank you.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36- I'm Rayaan.- Nice to meet you.
0:07:36 > 0:07:37I'm Lubna.
0:07:37 > 0:07:38Ah, nice to meet you.
0:07:38 > 0:07:42Alex and Dr Natalie will be next door, assessing how Lubna
0:07:42 > 0:07:44and Rayaan are doing in their first consultation.
0:07:44 > 0:07:48This hidden camera set-up is also used when training real GPs.
0:07:48 > 0:07:50Let's see how they get on.
0:07:50 > 0:07:54For the past few days she's just felt sort of quite hot to touch,
0:07:54 > 0:07:56and she's been a bit sniffly.
0:07:56 > 0:07:59That was good, finding out when it started and how long it's been.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02I liked the way they introduced themselves at the beginning.
0:08:02 > 0:08:03That was very good.
0:08:03 > 0:08:05Does she take any medication?
0:08:05 > 0:08:08I've given her some infant paracetamol
0:08:08 > 0:08:11and that did seem to help bring her temperature down a little bit,
0:08:11 > 0:08:13made her feel a little bit more comparable.
0:08:13 > 0:08:15Really sensitive questions.
0:08:15 > 0:08:17So I've got, which I've seen,
0:08:17 > 0:08:21- a temperature which I can put under her armpit...- OK.
0:08:21 > 0:08:24..to check what temperature she's at. Is that OK if we do that?
0:08:24 > 0:08:27- No, that should be fine.- Yeah? Put that part under.
0:08:27 > 0:08:28OK, we'll pop in.
0:08:28 > 0:08:31That's quite good. They're giving it to the mother to do.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34- That's very clever.- Sensitive. - Very clever, yeah.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37What I'm thinking that it could be is either an infection,
0:08:37 > 0:08:40a virus or a bug.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43I'm wondering whether he's already been to medical school, this one!
0:08:43 > 0:08:4735.5, so a reasonable temperature for a body.
0:08:47 > 0:08:52We could, well, the doctors, would give medicine.
0:08:52 > 0:08:55- If it gets worse then I would come back in.- Yeah, after a few days,
0:08:55 > 0:08:59just check her temperature, so, then, you know
0:08:59 > 0:09:01- if it's going up and down.- Yeah.
0:09:01 > 0:09:04We actually call that safety-netting when we explain to patients that,
0:09:04 > 0:09:07- if things don't improve, they need to come back and see us.- Yeah, true.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10It was nice meeting you. Thank you very much.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14- Thank you, that was really helpful. - You're welcome.- Bye-bye.
0:09:15 > 0:09:19I was pretty nervous to be meeting somebody, a real patient.
0:09:19 > 0:09:22I was nervous and also excited,
0:09:22 > 0:09:25because I wanted to identify what was wrong with the baby.
0:09:25 > 0:09:27It was really good today, because it gave me
0:09:27 > 0:09:31a short experience of what will happen during medical school.
0:09:31 > 0:09:35Lubna, I thought you did really well today. I was really impressed.
0:09:35 > 0:09:38I think maybe you need a bit more practice at some of the practical
0:09:38 > 0:09:41tasks that we did, but I thought you were excellent, so well done.
0:09:41 > 0:09:43Rayaan, I thought you did really well today.
0:09:43 > 0:09:46You showed that you are a really good listener
0:09:46 > 0:09:48and you were really confident and enthusiastic.
0:09:48 > 0:09:51I think, once you've done some proper doctor training
0:09:51 > 0:09:54at medical school, I think you'll make a fantastic doctor.
0:09:57 > 0:09:59Medicine, in general, whether you want to be a doctor or
0:09:59 > 0:10:02a nurse or you work in health care in lots of different ways,
0:10:02 > 0:10:06medicine's a pretty good way of having that kind of fun combination
0:10:06 > 0:10:09of meeting lots of people, lots of cool equipment, lots
0:10:09 > 0:10:12of hi-tech stuff, and also something that seems a bit worthwhile.
0:10:12 > 0:10:16If you like to take scientific thinking and reasoning
0:10:16 > 0:10:20and apply it to solving human problems,
0:10:20 > 0:10:22problems of human biology,
0:10:22 > 0:10:25and you enjoy talking to people and solving those problems,
0:10:25 > 0:10:27then being a doctor is the job for you.
0:10:30 > 0:10:33OK, have you got any idea what you are going to be doing next?
0:10:33 > 0:10:36- No!- OK, when someone comes to a GP's surgery and what's wrong with them
0:10:36 > 0:10:39is quite serious, they get referred up to the hospital.
0:10:39 > 0:10:43So that's where we're going now, to find out what hospital doctors do.
0:10:43 > 0:10:44- Awesome!- Let's go.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46Great North Children's Hospital is
0:10:46 > 0:10:50one of the largest children's hospitals outside of London.
0:10:50 > 0:10:52It was built just five years ago
0:10:52 > 0:10:55and was designed to look as little like a hospital as possible.
0:10:55 > 0:10:59Before our rookies go any further, they need to look the part.
0:10:59 > 0:11:02So we surprised them with their very own uniforms.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04That's amazing.
0:11:04 > 0:11:05I told you, ah, look!
0:11:05 > 0:11:09- I've got my own card and everything. - Ah!- It's amazing!
0:11:09 > 0:11:12Meet Dr Rayaan and Dr Lubna.
0:11:12 > 0:11:16They're reporting for duty at the Children's Intensive Care Unit,
0:11:16 > 0:11:19where children who are critically ill or in an unstable
0:11:19 > 0:11:20condition are treated.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27Mentoring Rayaan and Lubna here is Dr Iain Johnstone,
0:11:27 > 0:11:29an intensive care paediatrician.
0:11:29 > 0:11:31But he previously worked as a lifeguard
0:11:31 > 0:11:33before going to medical school.
0:11:33 > 0:11:37He looks after very ill children in the intensive care unit, or ICU.
0:11:40 > 0:11:41Put your head through there.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44Hygiene is important everywhere in a hospital,
0:11:44 > 0:11:48- but in an ICU, it's particularly important.- One scoop...
0:11:48 > 0:11:52Lubna and Rayaan are sanitising their hands before going on duty.
0:11:54 > 0:11:58This is one of our typical babies. This is Miles, OK?
0:11:58 > 0:12:02And he's only a few weeks old, and he's come in with a chest infection.
0:12:02 > 0:12:04Now, do you think he's awake or asleep?
0:12:04 > 0:12:07- Asleep.- Yeah, he looks very asleep, doesn't he?
0:12:07 > 0:12:09That's intensive care, you see.
0:12:09 > 0:12:11The reason we have to keep him asleep is because
0:12:11 > 0:12:13he's on a breathing machine that helps him breathe.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16You have a plastic tube going down your nose into your throat.
0:12:16 > 0:12:17And that's not very nice.
0:12:17 > 0:12:20So if it was you or me, the first thing you'd do is pull the tube out.
0:12:20 > 0:12:25So that's why babies and children in intensive care are kept asleep.
0:12:26 > 0:12:30He's got these things called ECG dots or heart tracings.
0:12:30 > 0:12:32And if you look here, that's the heart tracing,
0:12:32 > 0:12:34that green line at the top.
0:12:34 > 0:12:38- And it tells you how many beats per minute, which is...- 137.
0:12:38 > 0:12:42Now, if that was me, I'd probably just run up a flight of stairs.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45But if I was as old as Miles, that'd be absolutely normal, OK?
0:12:45 > 0:12:48So, if you look at this leg, what do you think that's for?
0:12:48 > 0:12:50Is it for the blood pressure, to measure it?
0:12:50 > 0:12:53It is. That's to measure the blood pressure, yes. There it is.
0:12:53 > 0:12:55That's OK. So the blood pressure's all right.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58Now, do you think babies should be warm or cold?
0:12:58 > 0:13:00- Warm.- Yeah.
0:13:00 > 0:13:02So, sometimes, he feels really cold down here,
0:13:02 > 0:13:04and as you move your fingers up, it gets warmer.
0:13:04 > 0:13:07And that means that the heart is struggling to get its blood
0:13:07 > 0:13:10right to the edges and that's why your hands and feet go cold.
0:13:10 > 0:13:12So why don't you put the back of your fingers on here
0:13:12 > 0:13:15- and just feel up his leg?- OK.
0:13:16 > 0:13:17The same.
0:13:17 > 0:13:21- What do you think, Lubna? - It's the same.
0:13:21 > 0:13:22Yeah, I think it's the same, as well.
0:13:22 > 0:13:24So that's good. I think that's healthy.
0:13:24 > 0:13:27OK, so after I've done that, that's a general look, I'm going
0:13:27 > 0:13:29to listen to the chest. So that means a new bit of equipment.
0:13:29 > 0:13:32It's a stethoscope. But, because it's intensive care,
0:13:32 > 0:13:35each patient has their own stethoscope at the bed space.
0:13:35 > 0:13:36Now, do you want to have a go?
0:13:36 > 0:13:38- OK.- Put them in that way round.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41So we just place it gently here.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43AMPLIFIED BREATHING
0:13:43 > 0:13:44OK?
0:13:44 > 0:13:46Lubna, do you want to do the same?
0:13:46 > 0:13:48He's put his arms up obligingly for you there.
0:13:48 > 0:13:49LUBNA CHUCKLES
0:13:49 > 0:13:51Oh, yeah, you can hear it.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54What did you think of this chest?
0:13:54 > 0:13:57Any crackly noises or musical noises?
0:13:57 > 0:14:00- No, it sounded quite healthy. - I agree. I think it did.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02It sounded all right, didn't it?
0:14:02 > 0:14:05There wasn't any of what I would call added sounds. Very good.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08Another thing you can do is listen to the baby's tummy
0:14:08 > 0:14:10and you can hear gurgling sounds.
0:14:10 > 0:14:12You know when you're really hungry and your tummy gurgles?
0:14:12 > 0:14:14Just have a little listen.
0:14:15 > 0:14:16GURGLING
0:14:16 > 0:14:18Yep?
0:14:18 > 0:14:19Yeah, you can hear that.
0:14:19 > 0:14:20So we've assessed Miles,
0:14:20 > 0:14:22we know he's on the breathing machine,
0:14:22 > 0:14:24we know that his skin's nice and warm,
0:14:24 > 0:14:27we know that his lungs actually sound reasonably healthy,
0:14:27 > 0:14:29so I don't really want to change anything at the moment.
0:14:29 > 0:14:32I think we'll keep doing what we're doing
0:14:32 > 0:14:34and then we'll come back in a couple of hours and reassess.
0:14:34 > 0:14:36OK.
0:14:36 > 0:14:38OK, guys, one of the things we often do,
0:14:38 > 0:14:41one of the tests we usually do is a chest X-ray.
0:14:41 > 0:14:44So this is the X-ray of Miles, the baby we've just been looking at.
0:14:44 > 0:14:46Before I start, can you tell me anything that's on there?
0:14:46 > 0:14:47Do you know any of the parts?
0:14:47 > 0:14:52- The ribs.- Those lines are the ribs. - Spine.- There's the spine. Excellent.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54How do I know that the stomach's there, though?
0:14:54 > 0:14:56- Because there's a line going down. - Yes, very good.
0:14:56 > 0:14:58It's a tube that's put in by us,
0:14:58 > 0:15:00so that we can put feed and medicines
0:15:00 > 0:15:01down when the baby's asleep, so it
0:15:01 > 0:15:04goes from the nose all the way down the gullet and into the stomach.
0:15:04 > 0:15:06Now, can you see any other parts on this X-ray
0:15:06 > 0:15:08that aren't normal parts of the body?
0:15:08 > 0:15:09- It's a spring.- It's a spring.
0:15:09 > 0:15:12Perhaps that's why his arm kept going up!
0:15:12 > 0:15:14Boing, boing!
0:15:14 > 0:15:15No, that's on the outside,
0:15:15 > 0:15:17so that's on the other end of the breathing tube there.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19So what you can't see is his head.
0:15:19 > 0:15:21So it goes into his nose and down into his windpipe.
0:15:21 > 0:15:24And what do you think those darker shapes might be?
0:15:24 > 0:15:26- Are they the lungs? - They are the lungs, yes.
0:15:26 > 0:15:29So, what do you think that makes that white shape in the middle?
0:15:29 > 0:15:31- The heart.- The heart, absolutely. It's the heart.
0:15:31 > 0:15:33Now, what colour is that?
0:15:33 > 0:15:36- Black.- It's very black, isn't it? Because that's just air.
0:15:36 > 0:15:38Why don't the lungs look quite as dark as the air outside,
0:15:38 > 0:15:40if they're just full of air?
0:15:40 > 0:15:44- Because of his chest infection.- It could be an infection, couldn't it?
0:15:44 > 0:15:46So that's why it looks a little bit white and fluffy.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49So that's probably abnormal.
0:15:49 > 0:15:52The good news is that baby Miles is out of intensive care
0:15:52 > 0:15:54and is well on the road to recovery.
0:15:55 > 0:15:57The rookies don't know it,
0:15:57 > 0:16:00but a simulated emergency is about to happen.
0:16:00 > 0:16:02Doctors actually go through this kind of training to make sure
0:16:02 > 0:16:05they're alert and efficient at all times.
0:16:05 > 0:16:06How will the rookies do?
0:16:06 > 0:16:09Wednesday night, you'll be on duty... Oh!
0:16:09 > 0:16:12It's an emergency. Come on.
0:16:12 > 0:16:14- Come on, come on!- Let's go!
0:16:15 > 0:16:17Come on, run.
0:16:17 > 0:16:19Come on, come on, come on.
0:16:19 > 0:16:21The baby was working really hard, so I gave him a suction.
0:16:21 > 0:16:23He started dropping his sats.
0:16:23 > 0:16:26I put his oxygen right up but he's still working really hard.
0:16:26 > 0:16:28This is a simulation of CPR, a technique that's used
0:16:28 > 0:16:31if someone's not breathing properly or even if their heart has stopped.
0:16:31 > 0:16:34Oh, dear, look. See that big yellow number there?
0:16:34 > 0:16:36That's the oxygen level. What does it say it should be?
0:16:36 > 0:16:39- 100.- 100. And what is it?
0:16:39 > 0:16:42- It's 69.- Oh, he's looking a bit blue round the lips.
0:16:42 > 0:16:44So we better put some extra oxygen on.
0:16:44 > 0:16:48Right, Lubna, take your left hand. Hold that mask on the baby's face.
0:16:48 > 0:16:51Squeeze that, let it fill up with oxygen.
0:16:51 > 0:16:55Lubna is using an oxygen mask to assist the patient's breathing.
0:16:55 > 0:16:58Look at the heart rate. Remember it was really fast in baby.
0:16:58 > 0:16:59That's a bit low, isn't it?
0:16:59 > 0:17:01If that goes below 60, let me know,
0:17:01 > 0:17:03because I'll have to start doing chest compressions.
0:17:03 > 0:17:06- It's gone down.- What is it now?
0:17:06 > 0:17:08- 56.- Really?
0:17:08 > 0:17:12All right, OK, can you feel the edge of the breastbone is just there?
0:17:12 > 0:17:14Use these two fingers.
0:17:14 > 0:17:16Four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.
0:17:16 > 0:17:18Get those two fingers. These two.
0:17:18 > 0:17:20Rayaan is giving chest compressions,
0:17:20 > 0:17:22keeping blood and oxygen circulating around the body.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24This technique needs specialist training
0:17:24 > 0:17:26and is only carried out in an emergency.
0:17:26 > 0:17:29Keep going, keep going.
0:17:29 > 0:17:34- It's coming up. Good. Right. Rayaan, pull that mask on.- Yep.
0:17:34 > 0:17:35So you've got two hands now
0:17:35 > 0:17:38so I want you to let a little bit of air out of that hole at the back.
0:17:38 > 0:17:41That's it. Oh, very good. So the numbers are all better.
0:17:41 > 0:17:42Let's just have a quick look.
0:17:42 > 0:17:45It will still need some oxygen, I think. He looks nice and pink now.
0:17:45 > 0:17:47He's breathing. What do you think, Rachel?
0:17:47 > 0:17:50Shall we just see how he goes, like that? Just needed a bit of oxygen.
0:17:50 > 0:17:52- Well done, guys.- Thank you. Great.
0:17:52 > 0:17:55Well done, guys. A life saved! Emergency response team, excellent!
0:17:55 > 0:17:57Oh, I think I need to go and lie down.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00LUBNA LAUGHS
0:18:00 > 0:18:03Being in intensive care drew me back, but it also inspired me
0:18:03 > 0:18:07to see how many tools we have today just to make people better.
0:18:07 > 0:18:11It was mind-blowing, because at first I didn't even know what to do
0:18:11 > 0:18:16or how to do it, but then, after the whole experience, it was amazing.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19Rayaan, what a performance. First time you've examined a patient
0:18:19 > 0:18:21and you could tell the temperature of his skin,
0:18:21 > 0:18:24you could tell me all about how healthy that felt on the baby.
0:18:24 > 0:18:26Really impressed. Lubna, I thought you were excellent.
0:18:26 > 0:18:28At the emergency resuscitation,
0:18:28 > 0:18:31you delivered oxygen to that baby with great skill.
0:18:31 > 0:18:35For someone who's never done it before, that was highly impressive.
0:18:35 > 0:18:39So, with GP and intensive care experience under their belts,
0:18:39 > 0:18:42it's time to head to London for their next assignment.
0:18:42 > 0:18:45Any idea what you're going to be doing next?
0:18:45 > 0:18:47Well, we are outside a hospital.
0:18:47 > 0:18:50Yes, but this time, you're going to be doing surgery.
0:18:50 > 0:18:53You're going to be working on the same surgical models that
0:18:53 > 0:18:56- doctors train on.- Wow!- Amazing.
0:18:56 > 0:19:00So if you do feel a bit squeamish, maybe this bit isn't for you.
0:19:01 > 0:19:03So what's a good name for a surgeon?
0:19:03 > 0:19:05Backbone? Thighbone?
0:19:05 > 0:19:06Kneebone?
0:19:06 > 0:19:08Yes, Kneebone!
0:19:08 > 0:19:11Rayaan and Lubna's next mentor is actually called
0:19:11 > 0:19:12Professor Roger Kneebone.
0:19:12 > 0:19:14He works at the Imperial College Centre
0:19:14 > 0:19:16for Engagement and Surgical Science.
0:19:16 > 0:19:18He simulates operations
0:19:18 > 0:19:22and real-life procedures to train budding doctors and surgeons.
0:19:22 > 0:19:25The rookies are getting dressed in their sterile surgical gear
0:19:25 > 0:19:28because Dr Kneebone and his team are about to put them through their
0:19:28 > 0:19:33paces, as they try keyhole surgery in a simulated training exercise.
0:19:33 > 0:19:36In this operation, the patient is played by an actor.
0:19:36 > 0:19:39This is exactly how real surgeons train.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42We are going to introduce ourselves first of all to Sarah,
0:19:42 > 0:19:46who's simulating a patient who is having a heart attack.
0:19:46 > 0:19:49- Hi, Sarah. I'm Lubna. - Hi there, I'm Rayaan.
0:19:49 > 0:19:52Have you done a lot of these operations?
0:19:52 > 0:19:54No, but we've got a specialist
0:19:54 > 0:19:57that can talk us through what we're doing.
0:19:57 > 0:20:01- I thought you looked a wee bit young.- We are young.- Yes.
0:20:01 > 0:20:04OK, so this is the screen we should be operating on.
0:20:04 > 0:20:07You can see Sarah's heart beating faintly on the screen,
0:20:07 > 0:20:10and that's the X-ray which helps you guide your wires through the artery.
0:20:10 > 0:20:13The first thing is to unblock the blockage.
0:20:13 > 0:20:16And they do that by putting a wire up into the blockage
0:20:16 > 0:20:19and then blowing up a tiny balloon inside that stretches
0:20:19 > 0:20:22the blockage and allows blood to go through.
0:20:22 > 0:20:26The device is guided along the artery to where the blockage is.
0:20:26 > 0:20:29The balloon is then inflated and that expands a mesh tube,
0:20:29 > 0:20:32or stent, which keeps the artery open.
0:20:33 > 0:20:35So, Lubna, if you help me guide the catheter into the artery.
0:20:35 > 0:20:37Keep looking at the screen
0:20:37 > 0:20:39because you have to be able to see what's happening.
0:20:39 > 0:20:41You have to be able to feel what your hands are doing.
0:20:41 > 0:20:44Rayaan, if I can get you just to inject some dye, this is a dye
0:20:44 > 0:20:47- that helps us look at the artery while we're taking the X-rays.- OK.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50- There you go.- Oh, wow, I see.
0:20:50 > 0:20:52Am I looking all right? Is it looking good?
0:20:52 > 0:20:54It's looking fine, actually, now.
0:20:54 > 0:20:56- Soon the operation should be over. - Yes.
0:20:56 > 0:20:58They're working as a team.
0:20:58 > 0:20:59Are they doing it with enough
0:20:59 > 0:21:00sort of precision?
0:21:00 > 0:21:03They're doing it really, really well.
0:21:03 > 0:21:06Put your wire forward just a little bit.
0:21:06 > 0:21:07- In?- Yeah.
0:21:07 > 0:21:11You're making tiny little movements, tiny little movement in and out
0:21:11 > 0:21:13to get it in exactly the right place,
0:21:13 > 0:21:15because it's critical to get it exactly right.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18So the stent is just across where that narrowing is, so if you can see
0:21:18 > 0:21:21that grid-like system, so that's where your stent is.
0:21:21 > 0:21:23And what we have to do is inflate the balloon with the stent
0:21:23 > 0:21:26to now keep that artery open.
0:21:26 > 0:21:28And that actually goes up to very high pressures.
0:21:28 > 0:21:30The stent looks like it's gone up very nicely.
0:21:30 > 0:21:33What we can do is, we can bring down the balloon,
0:21:33 > 0:21:35so you release the balloon by just pressing that yellow button.
0:21:35 > 0:21:37Perfect.
0:21:37 > 0:21:39So you can tell Sarah that you've now got her artery open
0:21:39 > 0:21:41and that she will be fine.
0:21:41 > 0:21:45OK. Well, Sarah, good news. Your artery is now open.
0:21:45 > 0:21:46So the repair's done?
0:21:46 > 0:21:49- Yeah.- Thanks very much. - You're back to normal.
0:21:49 > 0:21:52I thought they did that brilliantly because they were making her
0:21:52 > 0:21:55feel, I think, that everything was in control and that they knew
0:21:55 > 0:21:58what they were doing and it was going to be OK.
0:22:05 > 0:22:09We've all got 100 billion cells inside our brain, all of us.
0:22:09 > 0:22:13And if you're prepared to learn and work and study, you can
0:22:13 > 0:22:14become a doctor.
0:22:14 > 0:22:15Secondly, I think
0:22:15 > 0:22:19it's very important to want to know new things.
0:22:19 > 0:22:22So I think to be inquisitive is very important,
0:22:22 > 0:22:26because what you're trying to do is discover why somebody's ill.
0:22:26 > 0:22:29Third thing is just really interest and focus.
0:22:29 > 0:22:33I think one of the great top tips in any aspect of life, whatever
0:22:33 > 0:22:36you want to do, is to really focus on what your ambition is.
0:22:38 > 0:22:42Lubna and Rayaan have faced a steep learning curve so far.
0:22:42 > 0:22:45They're about to face their biggest challenge yet -
0:22:45 > 0:22:48to operate on a totally realistic model.
0:22:48 > 0:22:51This is cutting-edge technology.
0:22:51 > 0:22:53What you see here is not an actual patient on the table,
0:22:53 > 0:22:55but everything else is very real.
0:22:55 > 0:22:58These are people who have actually been trained to do what they're
0:22:58 > 0:23:00going to do today, and you're going to join them
0:23:00 > 0:23:03to look after this patient, who's been seriously injured,
0:23:03 > 0:23:05and you're going to come and help with the operation.
0:23:05 > 0:23:07Remember, this isn't a human patient,
0:23:07 > 0:23:11it's an incredibly realistic model, as used by surgeons to train.
0:23:11 > 0:23:13OK, so we need to be quite quick about this,
0:23:13 > 0:23:15because he's fairly unstable, this chap.
0:23:15 > 0:23:16So if you take that retractor,
0:23:16 > 0:23:18just hold that and give us a nice, good view.
0:23:18 > 0:23:20If you can get your hand in here and just see
0:23:20 > 0:23:23if you can see where the bleeding's coming from.
0:23:23 > 0:23:26What you want to do is look through all these bits of bowel to see
0:23:26 > 0:23:28if you can see where the blood's coming out.
0:23:28 > 0:23:31Oh, I saw something that was bleeding, that bit.
0:23:31 > 0:23:32So what's Lubna doing now?
0:23:32 > 0:23:34She's looking to see if there's any bleeding,
0:23:34 > 0:23:35and there is some bleeding. Look.
0:23:35 > 0:23:38Oh, quick, we're losing quite a lot of blood, actually.
0:23:38 > 0:23:40Can you just try and clip that tube?
0:23:40 > 0:23:42See that blood coming out? What she's going to try and do
0:23:42 > 0:23:44is use the tip of those to stop that bleeding.
0:23:44 > 0:23:47- She's got control of the bleeding. That's very good.- Yeah.
0:23:47 > 0:23:49- OK, what do you think? Do you think that's got it?- Yeah.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52Can you see any more blood coming out of that blood vessel?
0:23:52 > 0:23:54- No.- OK, well done.
0:23:54 > 0:23:56- Can I please have a tie? - Of course you can.
0:23:59 > 0:24:00Right, now what you want to do
0:24:00 > 0:24:02is tie a nice tight knot.
0:24:02 > 0:24:05She's tried to put that round the end of the clip.
0:24:05 > 0:24:07And tying a knot like that is not easy,
0:24:07 > 0:24:09so she's making a very good attempt at it.
0:24:09 > 0:24:11It's a bit fiddly, isn't it?
0:24:11 > 0:24:13Oh, dear.
0:24:13 > 0:24:15- Oh, no, it's coming loose. - There we go,
0:24:15 > 0:24:17that's got a bit tighter.
0:24:17 > 0:24:18So how's the patient doing?
0:24:18 > 0:24:20The blood pressure is stabilised,
0:24:20 > 0:24:23so I'm hoping you've found the bleeder and stopped the bleeding.
0:24:23 > 0:24:25I'll take the retractor.
0:24:25 > 0:24:27You take the pair of scissors
0:24:27 > 0:24:31and cut that a little bit away from the knot so that it stays...
0:24:31 > 0:24:32Well done.
0:24:32 > 0:24:36- Good.- How will they know if they've found all the bleeds?
0:24:36 > 0:24:39They go through everything and have another look.
0:24:39 > 0:24:41Then at the same time, they keep an eye on
0:24:41 > 0:24:43everything else that's going on in the operating theatre,
0:24:43 > 0:24:46as well as what they were doing with their hands.
0:24:46 > 0:24:48The big test is when we take this off.
0:24:48 > 0:24:50If you can take the clip off like you did before...
0:24:50 > 0:24:52That's it. Good.
0:24:52 > 0:24:54So do you know what you can see in here?
0:24:54 > 0:24:56So you can see the intestines.
0:24:56 > 0:24:58Exactly. What else can you see up here?
0:24:58 > 0:25:01We've got the guts here, which is the stomach.
0:25:01 > 0:25:04- Yeah, that's right.- And then here we have the liver.- Very good.
0:25:04 > 0:25:07- And you can see the difference, can't you?- Yeah.
0:25:07 > 0:25:10- OK, that's great. You guys are happy. Sharon, are you happy?- Yep.
0:25:10 > 0:25:13- Justine?- Yeah, everything's OK. I'm happy.
0:25:13 > 0:25:15That's brilliant. We can start closing him up.
0:25:15 > 0:25:18Good job, everyone, that was awesome. Well done.
0:25:20 > 0:25:21Very professional, I was impressed.
0:25:21 > 0:25:24They worked closely with everyone and even when there was bleeding,
0:25:24 > 0:25:27they didn't let it knock them off course, they were very calm.
0:25:27 > 0:25:30At the age of 12, to be able to do surgery
0:25:30 > 0:25:33was something extraordinarily brilliant.
0:25:33 > 0:25:37It was exciting, but also it was a bit nerve-racking
0:25:37 > 0:25:39because I didn't want to do anything wrong.
0:25:39 > 0:25:41It was a bit weird seeing all that blood
0:25:41 > 0:25:43because I actually have a fear of blood.
0:25:43 > 0:25:45Lubna, you were great.
0:25:45 > 0:25:47You were aware of what was going on around you
0:25:47 > 0:25:50and at the same time doing the delicate things surgeons need to do.
0:25:50 > 0:25:51Well done.
0:25:51 > 0:25:53Rayaan, you have a real aptitude for using your hands,
0:25:53 > 0:25:55for doing delicate things under pressure
0:25:55 > 0:25:58but you were also aware of the other things happening
0:25:58 > 0:25:59in the operating theatre,
0:25:59 > 0:26:01and I thought that was really great, so well done.
0:26:03 > 0:26:06The wannabe doctors have been tested to extremes,
0:26:06 > 0:26:09assessing patients at the GP surgery,
0:26:09 > 0:26:11learning about the daily running of a hospital,
0:26:11 > 0:26:16and receiving training in both CPR and simulated surgery.
0:26:20 > 0:26:22I think you'd both make fantastic doctors
0:26:22 > 0:26:25and especially fantastic GPs,
0:26:25 > 0:26:27so carry on working hard and being enthusiastic,
0:26:27 > 0:26:29and you'll go far.
0:26:29 > 0:26:31From what I've seen today I think both of you would make
0:26:31 > 0:26:34excellent doctors in the future and I hope you go on to do so.
0:26:34 > 0:26:37I think you've definitely got what it takes to become doctors
0:26:37 > 0:26:40and work in the operating theatre. Well done.
0:26:40 > 0:26:43Now, at the beginning of this whole process, Rayaan,
0:26:43 > 0:26:45you were frightened of blood. Are you still frightened?
0:26:45 > 0:26:48After the experience of being able to operate on a model,
0:26:48 > 0:26:51I've realised that the blood isn't that important.
0:26:51 > 0:26:55So I think yes, I have overcome my fear of blood.
0:26:55 > 0:26:58That's great news. And Lubna, you were frightened of
0:26:58 > 0:27:01dealing with children in pain. How do you feel about that now?
0:27:01 > 0:27:04Do you know what? I need to overcome this fear
0:27:04 > 0:27:06and I'm all right with it.
0:27:06 > 0:27:08So do you still want to work with children,
0:27:08 > 0:27:10or do you want to be a GP or maybe a surgeon?
0:27:10 > 0:27:12I think I'm going to stick to working with children.
0:27:12 > 0:27:15Brilliant. What about you, Rayaan? You wanted to be a heart surgeon
0:27:15 > 0:27:18at the beginning of this - are you still as keen?
0:27:18 > 0:27:21I'm definitely as keen and I really want to be a heart surgeon.
0:27:21 > 0:27:23Congratulations.
0:27:23 > 0:27:25- You've been brilliant.- Whoo!
0:27:25 > 0:27:30Well, I think Rayaan and Lubna are definitely doctors of the future.
0:27:30 > 0:27:33I wouldn't be surprised to see them in the medical profession
0:27:33 > 0:27:36in just a few years' time. Well, that just about wraps it up from me,
0:27:36 > 0:27:39and...hang on a minute! What are you doing? Hey, you two!
0:27:39 > 0:27:41Get off! I can't...!
0:27:41 > 0:27:42What are you doing?!
0:27:42 > 0:27:44- Bye!- Bye!