0:00:02 > 0:00:04We push our rookies hard. They see the good...
0:00:04 > 0:00:05How cool is this?
0:00:05 > 0:00:07- ..the bad... BOTH:- Eww.
0:00:07 > 0:00:10..and the downright astonishing.
0:00:10 > 0:00:11We give them glamour...
0:00:11 > 0:00:12CAMERAS CLICK
0:00:12 > 0:00:14..show them excitement,
0:00:14 > 0:00:16get their hands dirty... SHEEP BAAS
0:00:16 > 0:00:18..put them under pressure...
0:00:18 > 0:00:19- No, no.- No, no!
0:00:19 > 0:00:21- ..make them laugh...- Grrr!
0:00:21 > 0:00:24..all so they can experience their dream jobs.
0:00:24 > 0:00:27Today, it's goggles on and test tubes at the ready
0:00:27 > 0:00:31as two rookie scientists dust for prints and search for clues,
0:00:31 > 0:00:34as we make tracks into the world of forensic science.
0:00:34 > 0:00:38Let's go All Over The Workplace!
0:00:57 > 0:01:01Stop. There's been a crime and I'm searching for evidence.
0:01:01 > 0:01:04Something very precious to me has been stolen,
0:01:04 > 0:01:06and I am determined to find the culprit.
0:01:06 > 0:01:09Actually, that's something our two rookies will need to be good at,
0:01:09 > 0:01:13because they dream of a career in forensic science.
0:01:13 > 0:01:16Will they follow the evidence all the way to collaring the criminal?
0:01:16 > 0:01:19Or will it lead them to the wrong suspect?
0:01:20 > 0:01:24Gotcha! That's my doughnut!
0:01:24 > 0:01:26Oooh.
0:01:26 > 0:01:28Hi. I'm Leila and my dream job
0:01:28 > 0:01:31is to be a forensic scientist.
0:01:31 > 0:01:33At home, my parents normally set up
0:01:33 > 0:01:38a fake crime scene, and I have to solve it
0:01:38 > 0:01:41with all this equipment that we have.
0:01:41 > 0:01:44Hi. I'm Edwin and when I grow up
0:01:44 > 0:01:46I want to be a forensic scientist.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48Last year, my teacher put
0:01:48 > 0:01:50on my school report that I asked
0:01:50 > 0:01:51too many questions.
0:01:51 > 0:01:53I think it's a good thing to ask questions, though,
0:01:53 > 0:01:55because there's no way to get to
0:01:55 > 0:01:56the bottom of things if you don't
0:01:56 > 0:01:58constantly ask questions.
0:02:00 > 0:02:01Where else to take two
0:02:01 > 0:02:03budding forensic scientists,
0:02:03 > 0:02:05but the City of Discovery, Dundee?
0:02:07 > 0:02:09What do you think of the view, rookies? Look at that?
0:02:09 > 0:02:11It's a very nice view.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14It's a very nice view, but we're not here to admire the view, are we?
0:02:14 > 0:02:17We're here because you guys are obsessed with forensics.
0:02:17 > 0:02:19So what is it about forensics you love so much, Edwin?
0:02:19 > 0:02:23With forensics, from one tooth you can tell
0:02:23 > 0:02:26maybe someone's job, what they ate,
0:02:26 > 0:02:27even what they look like.
0:02:27 > 0:02:30What about you, Leila, what do you like about forensics?
0:02:30 > 0:02:32It's almost magical.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34And if you had a fingerprint,
0:02:34 > 0:02:37you can find out almost anything.
0:02:37 > 0:02:40And apparently, Leila, your dad sets up fake crime scenes
0:02:40 > 0:02:42for you and your brother gets covered in tomato ketchup.
0:02:42 > 0:02:45- He's always the victim. - THEY LAUGH
0:02:45 > 0:02:46Using your investigative skills,
0:02:46 > 0:02:48you'll know what's going to happen next.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51I'm going to find out what your parents think.
0:02:51 > 0:02:54What Leila's going to find most challenging as a forensic scientist
0:02:54 > 0:02:56is keeping still.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00She's super jiggly, and when she gets excited,
0:03:00 > 0:03:03the jiggling gets more and more kind of active.
0:03:03 > 0:03:04And she's a giggler.
0:03:04 > 0:03:06I think the thing that'll be a challenge for Edwin
0:03:06 > 0:03:08is that Edwin's a natural leader.
0:03:08 > 0:03:10In any group, he likes to take charge,
0:03:10 > 0:03:13and I think he'll find it difficult if he's working in a team
0:03:13 > 0:03:15where he has to sort of, you know, listen a lot
0:03:15 > 0:03:17to other people's ideas.
0:03:18 > 0:03:20Leila, you're a jiggler and a giggler.
0:03:20 > 0:03:23Are you going to giggle when you see something really serious,
0:03:23 > 0:03:25a serious piece of evidence? You're not going to start
0:03:25 > 0:03:28- laughing your head off, are you?- No. Definitely not.
0:03:28 > 0:03:30Now, Edwin, you like to be the leader,
0:03:30 > 0:03:33but what about if you're in a team led by someone else?
0:03:33 > 0:03:37I'd probably try and be the assistant.
0:03:38 > 0:03:40Assistant leader, I see.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42- So are you ready for your first assignment?- Yes.
0:03:42 > 0:03:46Right. Come with me. We're going to the University of Dundee.
0:03:53 > 0:03:57Forensics is the science that helps find the truth in a court of law.
0:03:57 > 0:03:59Fictional detective Sherlock Holmes aside,
0:03:59 > 0:04:02it's difficult for one person to know everything,
0:04:02 > 0:04:05and so forensics is divided into different areas.
0:04:05 > 0:04:07Elementary, my dear Watson!
0:04:07 > 0:04:09Areas range from forensic entomology -
0:04:09 > 0:04:13studying bugs and insects found on or near dead bodies,
0:04:13 > 0:04:17to digital forensics - recovering and investigating computer files.
0:04:17 > 0:04:19There are many other areas in forensics,
0:04:19 > 0:04:21including forensic anthropology.
0:04:21 > 0:04:25Forensic anthropologists study bones to determine whether they are human,
0:04:25 > 0:04:27who they belong to and how they might have died.
0:04:29 > 0:04:30Meet our first mentor,
0:04:30 > 0:04:33Dame Professor Sue Black.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36She's a world-leading forensic anthropologist.
0:04:36 > 0:04:37In her time in the job,
0:04:37 > 0:04:39her forensic expertise has been
0:04:39 > 0:04:40crucial in a number of
0:04:40 > 0:04:42high-profile criminal cases.
0:04:42 > 0:04:44Sue and her team have even featured
0:04:44 > 0:04:46in a TV series
0:04:46 > 0:04:49which investigates skeletons recovered from historical sites.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52What are your top three tips for becoming a forensic scientist?
0:04:52 > 0:04:54First of all, you have to love science.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57So you have to at your very core, I think,
0:04:57 > 0:05:00be a scientist.
0:05:00 > 0:05:03Then I think you need to not be afraid of hard work,
0:05:03 > 0:05:06because it's an extremely tough job,
0:05:06 > 0:05:09and I think probably the most important thing is
0:05:09 > 0:05:14that you have to be absolutely and utterly scrupulously honest,
0:05:14 > 0:05:16because your job is to help the court
0:05:16 > 0:05:19do what's an incredibly important job.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21Sue Black's top tips are...
0:05:21 > 0:05:22Firstly, love science.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25You've got to, at your core, be a scientist.
0:05:25 > 0:05:29Work hard. The job's tough and the work is really hard.
0:05:29 > 0:05:31And be honest about every detail.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Your job is to help the court find the truth.
0:05:34 > 0:05:38What do you need to study in school to be a forensic scientist?
0:05:38 > 0:05:40You have to do biology, you have to do physics,
0:05:40 > 0:05:42you have to do chemistry,
0:05:42 > 0:05:43you have to do maths.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46Any one of those, but you have to have a good science background.
0:05:46 > 0:05:47PHONE RINGS
0:05:47 > 0:05:49Can you excuse me just a moment?
0:05:49 > 0:05:51- I'm terribly sorry.- Hang on. What's this?
0:05:51 > 0:05:53Hello, Sue Black.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57OK. I'll send Dr Hackman out, if that's all right.
0:05:57 > 0:06:01But if you don't mind, I actually have two young people here with me,
0:06:01 > 0:06:03and I think they would get
0:06:03 > 0:06:05a tremendous amount of experience out of it.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07Great. Thanks very much indeed.
0:06:07 > 0:06:09Cheers now, bye-bye.
0:06:10 > 0:06:12OK. I'm going to send you out.
0:06:12 > 0:06:15A member of the public has been walking along the beach
0:06:15 > 0:06:18and they've found something, they've called the police,
0:06:18 > 0:06:22and my colleague, Dr Hackman, is going to go out there.
0:06:22 > 0:06:24We've got a police car coming in the next few minutes.
0:06:24 > 0:06:26- ALEX:- Duty calls.
0:06:26 > 0:06:28And it's been a pleasure.
0:06:28 > 0:06:30Thank you very much indeed. And please get it right, OK?
0:06:30 > 0:06:32THEY LAUGH
0:06:32 > 0:06:35Our reputation rests on this, you know.
0:06:35 > 0:06:37The rookies are being rushed to the beach,
0:06:37 > 0:06:42where a passer-by has found some bones, as yet, unidentified.
0:06:42 > 0:06:43Could they be human?
0:06:44 > 0:06:48They're meeting Dr Lucina Hackman, who's an expert
0:06:48 > 0:06:50in human identification.
0:06:50 > 0:06:53The area has already been sealed off from the public by the police.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56And Mark, the crime scene manager, is going to assist them.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59Everything that we do has to be stage by stage,
0:06:59 > 0:07:01so that we ensure we collect any evidence that's there,
0:07:01 > 0:07:05we don't make any mistakes, and we record everything that we do.
0:07:05 > 0:07:07Before the evidence can be recovered,
0:07:07 > 0:07:10the rookies need to uncover everything on the scene carefully,
0:07:10 > 0:07:12so it can be logged and photographed.
0:07:12 > 0:07:14There's a lot of long bones.
0:07:14 > 0:07:17There's a lot of quite small, thin bones.
0:07:17 > 0:07:21OK. So, we're also going to take those photographs with the scale in.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24So what the scale will do is show whoever's looking
0:07:24 > 0:07:28at the photograph exactly how big the bones are.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. Ten.
0:07:31 > 0:07:33- That's ten. You happy with that being ten?- Yeah.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36The rookies must now carefully seal the bones they found
0:07:36 > 0:07:38into police evidence bags.
0:07:38 > 0:07:39All right, next one.
0:07:39 > 0:07:41- ALEX:- OK, we've collected the evidence.
0:07:41 > 0:07:42It's in a bag, we've written it all up.
0:07:42 > 0:07:44- Yes, yes.- What's the next stage in the process?
0:07:44 > 0:07:47That will now be taken to the lab, and then we'll have a look to see
0:07:47 > 0:07:50- and establish a species that those bones belong to.- OK.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59First of all, work hard.
0:07:59 > 0:08:00That's essential.
0:08:00 > 0:08:02Study hard.
0:08:02 > 0:08:04Get to know your subject.
0:08:05 > 0:08:07The second is...
0:08:10 > 0:08:13You never know just how important
0:08:13 > 0:08:18what seems to be a very minor thing might be.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21And the third is...
0:08:24 > 0:08:26Somebody's liberty,
0:08:26 > 0:08:29somebody's entire future
0:08:29 > 0:08:33may depend upon how well you do your job.
0:08:35 > 0:08:39The rookies are in the lab with Cat, a forensic anthropologist.
0:08:39 > 0:08:42We've got a plastic human skeleton here.
0:08:43 > 0:08:46They're trying to identify the bones they found on the beach,
0:08:46 > 0:08:50to work out if they're from a human or from a different species.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53So do you think we're looking at the right sort of area of the body?
0:08:53 > 0:08:55- Yeah.- Yeah? Is there anything different between the one
0:08:55 > 0:08:58that you've got there, Edwin, and the plastic skeleton?
0:08:58 > 0:09:00This one's fused together.
0:09:00 > 0:09:03It's fused. OK, so this is different.
0:09:03 > 0:09:04So this is what we see on a human,
0:09:04 > 0:09:06where we've actually got two separate bones.
0:09:06 > 0:09:08What about the one you've got there, Leila?
0:09:08 > 0:09:13- It looks quite similar with the shape here at the bottom.- Mh-hm.
0:09:13 > 0:09:14But here it's...
0:09:14 > 0:09:16It looks like it's been chipped off.
0:09:16 > 0:09:18OK, so it's a bit different.
0:09:18 > 0:09:22- Yeah.- Could this be potentially, like, a dog's leg?
0:09:22 > 0:09:24You're going along the right lines.
0:09:24 > 0:09:25In cases like this,
0:09:25 > 0:09:29the report the forensic scientist needs to prepare needs to specify
0:09:29 > 0:09:32exactly what type of bones have been found.
0:09:32 > 0:09:34Then the police can decide if a crime has been committed.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37So this is what you've taken from the beach,
0:09:37 > 0:09:40and we've got a number of different specimens on this table
0:09:40 > 0:09:42for you to compare it with.
0:09:42 > 0:09:45For comparison, Cat has got skeletons of all the animals
0:09:45 > 0:09:46found in the local area.
0:09:46 > 0:09:49Is that at all similar to, like, that?
0:09:49 > 0:09:52- It's bigger.- It's chipped, and it's bigger.
0:09:52 > 0:09:55It doesn't take the rookies long to find a potential match.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58That's definitely from the same thing.
0:09:58 > 0:10:00- OK.- What specimen is that?
0:10:00 > 0:10:01That's a seal.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04All the pieces of bone are starting to match up.
0:10:04 > 0:10:06What do we think it is?
0:10:06 > 0:10:08- A seal.- It's a seal. OK, excellent.
0:10:08 > 0:10:10It's definitely a seal.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13Oh, good - no crime committed after all!
0:10:13 > 0:10:16My highlight was when we found out
0:10:16 > 0:10:20that we were going to be going to a crime scene.
0:10:20 > 0:10:22I was really surprised how down-to-the-minute
0:10:22 > 0:10:25you had to be with it. Say you take a photograph,
0:10:25 > 0:10:27you have to write down,
0:10:27 > 0:10:30"Took a photograph at 13:31."
0:10:30 > 0:10:35We had to be really, really thorough while collecting bones.
0:10:35 > 0:10:38It was... It was really interesting, but also quite difficult.
0:10:38 > 0:10:40I thought you did really well today, Edwin.
0:10:40 > 0:10:43It's really cold on the beach, and a not-easy working environment.
0:10:43 > 0:10:46Leila, you were great at taking notes today.
0:10:46 > 0:10:49You made sure that your notes were neat. So, brilliant job.
0:10:49 > 0:10:53Edwin, I thought your understanding and your awareness
0:10:53 > 0:10:56of what you were doing was excellent today.
0:10:56 > 0:11:00Leila, I was very impressed with how you approached everything today
0:11:00 > 0:11:03and you had some really good ideas about how we go about
0:11:03 > 0:11:06identifying whether something is human or not.
0:11:08 > 0:11:12Meanwhile, at a hotel not far away from the rookies...
0:11:20 > 0:11:22There's been a break-in.
0:11:22 > 0:11:24Someone's up to no good.
0:11:31 > 0:11:36This seems like a case for two rookie forensic scientists.
0:11:36 > 0:11:38PHONE RINGS
0:11:38 > 0:11:40I'll just get this.
0:11:40 > 0:11:41Hello? Yes?
0:11:41 > 0:11:43What, now? OK, yeah, we'll be right there.
0:11:43 > 0:11:46Thank you. Come on then, what we waiting for? Let's go!
0:11:46 > 0:11:49We can't just let the rookies loose on a crime scene.
0:11:49 > 0:11:50They need some training.
0:11:50 > 0:11:52Meet Raymond Skibinski.
0:11:52 > 0:11:54He's a forensics consultant,
0:11:54 > 0:11:57and was a crime scene investigator for 23 years.
0:11:57 > 0:12:00There's not much Raymond doesn't know about gathering evidence.
0:12:00 > 0:12:03Three top tips. I would say, first of all, you have to be observant.
0:12:03 > 0:12:05Meaning, when you go to crime scenes,
0:12:05 > 0:12:07you have to have a keen eye for detail.
0:12:07 > 0:12:09Also, you have to be very conscientious.
0:12:09 > 0:12:11You can't really make any mistakes.
0:12:11 > 0:12:14And thirdly, I would say you have to be very resourceful.
0:12:14 > 0:12:16Raymond's top tips are...
0:12:16 > 0:12:19Be observant - you must have an eye for detail.
0:12:19 > 0:12:23Be conscientious - you can't afford to make mistakes.
0:12:23 > 0:12:27Be resourceful - you've got to find clever ways to solve problems.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30So who better than Raymond to show the rookies a few tricks
0:12:30 > 0:12:32of the evidence-gathering trade?
0:12:32 > 0:12:35First up, dusting for fingerprints.
0:12:35 > 0:12:38What I'm doing there is I'm gently putting the brush
0:12:38 > 0:12:40with the powder on it. Can you see that?
0:12:40 > 0:12:42- See the fingerprints there? - Mh-hm.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45The trick now is to secure them so that we can take them off
0:12:45 > 0:12:47to the fingerprint laboratory.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50And there's four fingers there, which is a little bit tricky,
0:12:50 > 0:12:52but hopefully we can get all four...
0:12:52 > 0:12:54And then we can lift it off.
0:12:54 > 0:12:56You can see the fingerprints.
0:12:56 > 0:12:58- ALEX:- What do you think, rookies?
0:12:58 > 0:12:59- Yeah.- That's really cool.
0:12:59 > 0:13:03Footprints can be collected at crime scenes in exactly the same way.
0:13:03 > 0:13:06- That's... Look at that.- Hello.
0:13:06 > 0:13:08Very distinctive.
0:13:08 > 0:13:10It's a good technique. Yeah.
0:13:10 > 0:13:13Nice and smooth like that. That's it.
0:13:13 > 0:13:17Next, the rookies are going to learn how to capture blood evidence.
0:13:17 > 0:13:19If you can imagine that being
0:13:19 > 0:13:22a drop of blood from someone left at a crime scene.
0:13:22 > 0:13:25Very important you wear a mask at this point,
0:13:25 > 0:13:29because your own DNA could pass on to this swab very easily.
0:13:29 > 0:13:33Just hold the swab like that.
0:13:33 > 0:13:36Put it back into its sheath.
0:13:36 > 0:13:39It's time for the rookies to put their new-found skills
0:13:39 > 0:13:43into practice to see if they can help the police catch the thief.
0:13:43 > 0:13:47OK, so we've got this incident downstairs and we need you guys
0:13:47 > 0:13:50to go down there and find as much evidence as you can.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58Hi, I'm Alec Jeffreys, inventor of DNA fingerprinting
0:13:58 > 0:14:00about 30 years ago.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02Top three tips for being a scientist...
0:14:05 > 0:14:06Never as a job...
0:14:10 > 0:14:14And try and get hands-on experience in science. Do experiments.
0:14:16 > 0:14:20The All Over The Workplace team have set up remote cameras
0:14:20 > 0:14:23so Alex and Raymond can watch the evidence been collected.
0:14:23 > 0:14:24Go for it, rookies!
0:14:24 > 0:14:27Look for, like, a broken window, or something.
0:14:27 > 0:14:28Here we are.
0:14:28 > 0:14:31- Right...- Oh, yeah.- ..let's dust the sill.
0:14:31 > 0:14:34The rookies have found the criminal's point of entry,
0:14:34 > 0:14:36and have gone straight for the fingerprint dusting powder.
0:14:36 > 0:14:40So get the black powder out cos we're going to do the windowsill
0:14:40 > 0:14:41- first, though.- Oh, OK.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43Edwin seems to be taking command.
0:14:43 > 0:14:45They're working as a team, aye.
0:14:45 > 0:14:47Oh, yeah.
0:14:47 > 0:14:49Right, keep that.
0:14:49 > 0:14:51- This looks interesting.- Doesn't it? Yeah.
0:14:51 > 0:14:54Looks like the rookies have struck fingerprint gold.
0:14:54 > 0:14:58- So...- Not sure if that is anything.
0:14:58 > 0:15:01Right, don't record that, because it's nothing.
0:15:01 > 0:15:04The rookies have decided it's not worth recording.
0:15:04 > 0:15:07They haven't done a thorough job of the window,
0:15:07 > 0:15:10and the bit that they did take, they decided it was not important.
0:15:10 > 0:15:12They've discarded it. Yeah.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15They've decided it was not good enough quality. That's debatable.
0:15:15 > 0:15:18But Leila's using her detective skills to work out
0:15:18 > 0:15:20where the burglar might have been.
0:15:20 > 0:15:23Oh, here we go. Come over here. Blood.
0:15:23 > 0:15:26- Blood.- They've found the blood.
0:15:26 > 0:15:28It's a bit sticky.
0:15:28 > 0:15:30Let's dust up there.
0:15:30 > 0:15:33He's a little bit heavy-handed with his dusting technique,
0:15:33 > 0:15:34- I have to say.- Yeah.
0:15:34 > 0:15:37Have you just put the blood on the...?
0:15:37 > 0:15:39- I think they've applied the wand to be bloodstain.- Yeah.
0:15:39 > 0:15:42So every time they spread that stuff onto something else,
0:15:42 > 0:15:44- that could put the same DNA... - Yes. Possibly.
0:15:44 > 0:15:46Ha!
0:15:46 > 0:15:50- Oh, there we go.- Why is this on the floor?
0:15:50 > 0:15:51Get the evidence bag.
0:15:51 > 0:15:53- OK.- Oh!
0:15:53 > 0:15:56- Oh, what? Oh, wow. - EDWIN LAUGHS
0:15:56 > 0:16:01The rookies have found a muddy footprint left by the burglar.
0:16:01 > 0:16:02A-ha! That is an "A-ha".
0:16:02 > 0:16:04It's basically self-dusted.
0:16:04 > 0:16:06Honestly, I think they've done extremely well.
0:16:06 > 0:16:08They've found a blood lift.
0:16:08 > 0:16:10They have found, eventually, the footwear mark.
0:16:10 > 0:16:13Fingerprinting round the point of entry
0:16:13 > 0:16:14was a little bit disappointing.
0:16:14 > 0:16:17- Mh-hm.- All in all, I think they've done excellent.
0:16:17 > 0:16:18OK, rookies, time's up.
0:16:18 > 0:16:20- OK.- Your assignment is over.
0:16:20 > 0:16:22Time for a bit of feedback.
0:16:22 > 0:16:25You guys, I thought, have done fantastically well.
0:16:25 > 0:16:27But Raymond thinks the rookies might have missed a few
0:16:27 > 0:16:29vital bits of evidence.
0:16:29 > 0:16:31We would dust this area all the way along.
0:16:33 > 0:16:34- What have we got here?- Oh, hello.
0:16:34 > 0:16:36A lovely set of fingerprints.
0:16:36 > 0:16:39Oh, rookies! You were so close.
0:16:39 > 0:16:42The things that were going into my head when we walked
0:16:42 > 0:16:45in the crime scene were like, "OK, this is really, really cool."
0:16:45 > 0:16:48A lot of new things that I can learn by doing this.
0:16:48 > 0:16:50What I enjoyed the most about collecting the evidence
0:16:50 > 0:16:54was the satisfaction of when you found a piece of evidence.
0:16:54 > 0:16:58The hardest part has pretty much been everything we've done
0:16:58 > 0:17:02because it's quite complex, quite difficult.
0:17:02 > 0:17:05Leila, I thought you did extremely well at the crime scene.
0:17:05 > 0:17:08You were working as a team, and you found the blood swab.
0:17:08 > 0:17:11Edwin, I thought you did a fantastic job today.
0:17:11 > 0:17:13The only thing I can think of to improve on
0:17:13 > 0:17:15is be a little bit more thorough at the crime scene.
0:17:15 > 0:17:18That said, I think you did an excellent job.
0:17:25 > 0:17:28What do snowflakes and fingerprints have in common?
0:17:28 > 0:17:32The prize goes to whoever says that no two are exactly the same.
0:17:32 > 0:17:34Fingerprints are crucial in crime solving,
0:17:34 > 0:17:37and can make the difference between a conviction or no conviction.
0:17:37 > 0:17:39They're more or less unique,
0:17:39 > 0:17:41as nobody has yet found two the same,
0:17:41 > 0:17:44so if you can match the fingerprints at a crime scene,
0:17:44 > 0:17:46you've probably got the culprit.
0:17:46 > 0:17:48There are three main types of prints.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51Arches flow from one side of the finger to the other
0:17:51 > 0:17:53and look a bit like...an arch.
0:17:53 > 0:17:55The whorl is a circular or spiral pattern.
0:17:55 > 0:17:57A bit like a tiny whirlpool.
0:17:57 > 0:18:01Loops are prints that re-curve back on themselves to form a loop shape.
0:18:01 > 0:18:04Some other features the rookies are looking for are the core.
0:18:04 > 0:18:07This is the approximate centre of the fingerprint pattern.
0:18:07 > 0:18:10A delta is where the pattern divides.
0:18:10 > 0:18:13Now our rookies know this, there's no hiding place for the culprit.
0:18:13 > 0:18:17Our rookie forensic scientists are about to analyse the evidence
0:18:17 > 0:18:19they've gathered at the reconstructed crime scene.
0:18:19 > 0:18:22In a case like this the police would take samples
0:18:22 > 0:18:25from different suspects for comparison with the samples
0:18:25 > 0:18:26collected at the scene.
0:18:26 > 0:18:30The rookies have brought the evidence they've collected,
0:18:30 > 0:18:31along with other samples
0:18:31 > 0:18:33to Strathclyde University's Applied Chemistry Department,
0:18:33 > 0:18:37where Greg, the fingerprint expert, is going to help them.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40Oh, there we go. There's a nice fingerprint.
0:18:40 > 0:18:43The rookies must first select the best fingerprint from the ones
0:18:43 > 0:18:45they recovered at the crime scene.
0:18:45 > 0:18:47- That looks like a whorl.- Yeah.- Looks like a whorl.
0:18:47 > 0:18:51- Cos it's got the bits, there. - Circular bit.
0:18:51 > 0:18:54It's difficult to tell which finger their recovered print is from,
0:18:54 > 0:18:57so the rookies need to check it against all the fingers and thumbs
0:18:57 > 0:18:58of all three suspects.
0:18:58 > 0:19:01So let's start with suspect one's right thumb.
0:19:01 > 0:19:03So what's wrong with this one?
0:19:03 > 0:19:05- The delta.- The delta's there. - Right little finger?
0:19:05 > 0:19:08- No.- So let's have a look at their left hand.
0:19:08 > 0:19:10It looks really similar.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12- So this would be one of interest. - Yeah.
0:19:12 > 0:19:16The rookies think they may already have a potential match.
0:19:16 > 0:19:19They need to come back and take a closer look at suspect one.
0:19:19 > 0:19:22Suspect two. Is this the same as that fingerprint?
0:19:22 > 0:19:26- Kind of could be.- Could this be one of interest that we should look at
0:19:26 > 0:19:27- in more detail?- Yeah, definitely.
0:19:27 > 0:19:29I think we should look at that in more detail, yeah.
0:19:29 > 0:19:31This is left little finger.
0:19:31 > 0:19:33It could be. It's something.
0:19:33 > 0:19:35- So is it something we should look at further?- Yeah.
0:19:35 > 0:19:36OK, so let's write it down.
0:19:36 > 0:19:38On initial investigation,
0:19:38 > 0:19:41two of suspect two's fingers are potential matches.
0:19:41 > 0:19:42Suspect number three.
0:19:42 > 0:19:44They don't... They don't look similar.
0:19:44 > 0:19:45Why don't they look similar?
0:19:45 > 0:19:48- The delta's in a different place. - It's thinner.- Yeah, that's right.
0:19:48 > 0:19:51The delta's in a different place. So let's go to their left hand.
0:19:51 > 0:19:54- Oh.- Definitely not.- Definitely not.
0:19:54 > 0:19:55No.
0:19:55 > 0:19:58So do you think suspect three's fingers could have made
0:19:58 > 0:20:01- the marks you've recovered?- No.- No.
0:20:01 > 0:20:03With suspect three eliminated,
0:20:03 > 0:20:05it's time to focus on the prints of interest.
0:20:05 > 0:20:09So we've got suspect two, left middle and left little.
0:20:09 > 0:20:11So let's have a look. How about we count the number of lines
0:20:11 > 0:20:16from the core to the delta on the one we've recovered from the scene?
0:20:16 > 0:20:19- Seven.- Seven lines. And how many on the left middle?
0:20:19 > 0:20:21- Five.- If these are different,
0:20:21 > 0:20:23it means that the same finger can't have made it, cos it should be
0:20:23 > 0:20:27the same number between the core and the delta.
0:20:27 > 0:20:29So is it the left middle finger?
0:20:29 > 0:20:31- No.- No.- Let's have a look at the left little finger.
0:20:32 > 0:20:35- Five. Yeah? So is that the same as this one?- No.- No.
0:20:35 > 0:20:39- Do you think suspect two made the fingerprint mark, then?- No.- No.
0:20:39 > 0:20:41Suspect two is now eliminated.
0:20:41 > 0:20:44So this is suspect one's right middle.
0:20:44 > 0:20:46Three, four, five, six.
0:20:46 > 0:20:47Is that the same?
0:20:47 > 0:20:49- BOTH: Yes. - Yeah.
0:20:49 > 0:20:51So do you think it could be...?
0:20:51 > 0:20:54- Yeah.- Yeah? Definitely.
0:20:54 > 0:20:57So the first piece of evidence potentially points to suspect one.
0:20:59 > 0:21:02Time to test the footprint mark against the three pairs
0:21:02 > 0:21:04of suspects' shoes.
0:21:04 > 0:21:06We're going to have to take this kit,
0:21:06 > 0:21:08put it on the floor, and one of you is going to have to
0:21:08 > 0:21:10take off your shoe.
0:21:10 > 0:21:12Again, the rookies need to be methodical...
0:21:12 > 0:21:14There we go.
0:21:14 > 0:21:17..and test both shoes of all three suspects.
0:21:17 > 0:21:21Because the shoes fit Alex perfectly, I think it could be...
0:21:21 > 0:21:24There's no way that I did that crime, OK?
0:21:24 > 0:21:27That's something a criminal would say.
0:21:27 > 0:21:29Time to compare the footprints.
0:21:29 > 0:21:32So this is suspect three's. What can you tell me about them?
0:21:32 > 0:21:35- They're the same.- I think that suspect three could be in trouble.
0:21:35 > 0:21:37- Yeah.- Uncanny.
0:21:37 > 0:21:39Look at the bottom of the shoe. It's got...
0:21:39 > 0:21:40- ALEX:- It's got scratches across it.
0:21:40 > 0:21:43But those scratches can't be seen in the muddy footprint
0:21:43 > 0:21:45recovered at the scene.
0:21:45 > 0:21:47So possibly suspect three, we're saying.
0:21:47 > 0:21:49On to suspect two.
0:21:49 > 0:21:51Do these footwear marks match this one?
0:21:51 > 0:21:53- No.- So why don't they match?
0:21:53 > 0:21:55Because they're different patterns.
0:21:55 > 0:21:57Those ones are more, kind of, squares,
0:21:57 > 0:21:58and they're a bit bigger.
0:21:58 > 0:22:01And those have a wider, kind of, toe fit.
0:22:01 > 0:22:04We can say it's not suspect two then, yeah?
0:22:04 > 0:22:05And suspect one,
0:22:05 > 0:22:08whose shoes are almost identical to suspect three?
0:22:08 > 0:22:12I think that this one looks more
0:22:12 > 0:22:17like suspect one because of the slash marks.
0:22:17 > 0:22:19Like, there should be a... If it's that one,
0:22:19 > 0:22:21there should be a slash mark there...
0:22:21 > 0:22:23- OK.- ..which there isn't.
0:22:23 > 0:22:24Suspect one, suspect three.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27Do you know which shoes made the mark, or can you not tell me?
0:22:27 > 0:22:30- Can't tell yet.- That's a good observation to make.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33You can't tell just based on this alone.
0:22:33 > 0:22:35The footwear marks have proved inconclusive,
0:22:35 > 0:22:40but the rookies have narrowed it down to either suspect one or three.
0:22:40 > 0:22:42DNA is contained in human body cells,
0:22:42 > 0:22:45and under extreme magnification, it looks like this.
0:22:45 > 0:22:49Each person's DNA is unique, and it's often used in forensics
0:22:49 > 0:22:51to link criminals to crime scenes.
0:22:51 > 0:22:55Time to move on to the DNA evidence that can be extracted from the blood
0:22:55 > 0:22:56found at the crime scene.
0:22:56 > 0:23:00And Nicola, an expert in forensic genetics, is on hand.
0:23:00 > 0:23:02You've got your blood stain.
0:23:02 > 0:23:05I've also got three swabs from the suspects,
0:23:05 > 0:23:07from the inside of their cheek.
0:23:07 > 0:23:10And we're going to use these to extract DNA from.
0:23:10 > 0:23:12But before the rookies can compare the blood evidence
0:23:12 > 0:23:14against the three swabs,
0:23:14 > 0:23:18they all have to be processed so that the DNA can be extracted.
0:23:18 > 0:23:21Just now, your DNA is stuck on the swab.
0:23:21 > 0:23:24So what we want to do is we want to shake it out into this liquid.
0:23:24 > 0:23:26And it will shake, shake, shake, shake, shake.
0:23:26 > 0:23:28- ALEX:- Ooh. How does that feel, Edwin?
0:23:28 > 0:23:30It's bumpy.
0:23:31 > 0:23:34So you can see now that your blood is now...
0:23:34 > 0:23:37It's all in the liquid and it's not on your swab.
0:23:37 > 0:23:39- ALEX:- Feel like a scientist now, Leila?
0:23:39 > 0:23:41Yeah. It's really cool.
0:23:41 > 0:23:44Now, the rookies can wash the actual DNA evidence
0:23:44 > 0:23:48out of the blood samples using a centrifuge.
0:23:48 > 0:23:51You put your blood stain in this bit.
0:23:51 > 0:23:55We pushed it through this little white membrane in the centre,
0:23:55 > 0:24:00so hopefully now your DNA should be stuck in this little white stripe,
0:24:00 > 0:24:03and everything else is now down here in the red at the bottom.
0:24:03 > 0:24:06- ALEX:- I feel like we're just that little step closer
0:24:06 > 0:24:08to catching this criminal, don't you?
0:24:08 > 0:24:11Everyone has their own unique DNA signature,
0:24:11 > 0:24:15and only one in one billion people share similar DNA.
0:24:15 > 0:24:18If the rookies followed procedure correctly at the crime scene,
0:24:18 > 0:24:21and didn't contaminate the blood evidence,
0:24:21 > 0:24:24they'll have irrefutable proof of who committed the robbery.
0:24:24 > 0:24:28The DNA in our blood stain has an X and a Y,
0:24:28 > 0:24:32so that tells us that the person who left that blood stain is male.
0:24:32 > 0:24:34Suspect two proved negative for
0:24:34 > 0:24:36both fingerprints and footprint marks.
0:24:36 > 0:24:39Hardly surprising, really, because the DNA has proved
0:24:39 > 0:24:40that the criminal is male.
0:24:40 > 0:24:42The rookies jump straight to the
0:24:42 > 0:24:44DNA results for their prime suspect.
0:24:44 > 0:24:45- ALEX:- Edwin, why don't you read out
0:24:45 > 0:24:47the numbers and you can check them off?
0:24:47 > 0:24:48- X and Y.- Yeah.
0:24:48 > 0:24:50- Six, seven.- Yeah.
0:24:50 > 0:24:53If the DNA found at the scene matches suspect one,
0:24:53 > 0:24:55he's going to have a lot of explaining to do.
0:24:55 > 0:24:57- 14, 15.- Yep.
0:24:57 > 0:25:00- 22, 23.- Yes.- It's a full set!
0:25:00 > 0:25:02So hang on. So that means that suspect number one,
0:25:02 > 0:25:04they were wearing similar shoes
0:25:04 > 0:25:06to the print that we found on the scene,
0:25:06 > 0:25:09their fingerprints looked very similar,
0:25:09 > 0:25:12and the DNA is absolutely a perfect match.
0:25:12 > 0:25:14Hey, rookies, high fives!
0:25:14 > 0:25:17We've done top-quality forensics and we've found suspect number one
0:25:17 > 0:25:20was at the scene. They're going down!
0:25:24 > 0:25:26I would have gotten away with it, too,
0:25:26 > 0:25:28if it wasn't for you meddling kids!
0:25:28 > 0:25:30HE MOANS
0:25:30 > 0:25:32It was really fun transferring
0:25:32 > 0:25:36liquid to another liquid and eventually finding out
0:25:36 > 0:25:37the results of all the DNA.
0:25:37 > 0:25:42It was very exciting when we worked out the DNA sequence was the same.
0:25:42 > 0:25:45Every activity we've done has boosted my confidence
0:25:45 > 0:25:47and it's also just been really good fun.
0:25:47 > 0:25:49Leila, you got on very well with the fingerprints.
0:25:49 > 0:25:51Picked it up very, very quickly.
0:25:51 > 0:25:53Edwin, I was most impressed by your attention to detail.
0:25:53 > 0:25:56You picked out little differences very, very quickly
0:25:56 > 0:25:58in the fingerprints and the footwear.
0:25:58 > 0:26:01Leila, I think you did a great job in the lab today,
0:26:01 > 0:26:04so my main comment would just be for you to get some more practice.
0:26:04 > 0:26:07Edwin, you asked some great questions in the lab today
0:26:07 > 0:26:09and did a great job.
0:26:10 > 0:26:14Our rookies have had a fantastic forensic experience
0:26:14 > 0:26:17visiting crime scenes and collecting and analysing evidence
0:26:17 > 0:26:19to help find the truth.
0:26:19 > 0:26:23But have they got what it's takes to make it as top forensic scientists?
0:26:30 > 0:26:33Edwin, I definitely think you have the potential to make it
0:26:33 > 0:26:34as a forensic scientist.
0:26:34 > 0:26:37And a little bit of determination and hard work,
0:26:37 > 0:26:38and you'll get there eventually.
0:26:38 > 0:26:40Leila, I think you have the potential to become
0:26:40 > 0:26:42a forensic scientist because you were able to take good notes,
0:26:42 > 0:26:44but you were also methodical.
0:26:44 > 0:26:47Edwin, I think you could definitely make it as a forensic scientist
0:26:47 > 0:26:50because I think you're extremely inquisitive, and I wish you
0:26:50 > 0:26:51the best of luck in the future.
0:26:51 > 0:26:54I think, Leila, you would make a very good forensic scientist.
0:26:54 > 0:26:56You've got very good attention to detail,
0:26:56 > 0:26:59you are thinking all the time about what's going on
0:26:59 > 0:27:00and what the possibilities could be.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03Edwin and Leila, I think you've got great potential,
0:27:03 > 0:27:08just because of your great attention to detail in the lab today.
0:27:08 > 0:27:11Well, rookies, have you enjoyed being forensic scientists?
0:27:11 > 0:27:13- Yes.- I really have, definitely. - Yeah?
0:27:13 > 0:27:15Cool. You looked like you were enjoying ourselves.
0:27:15 > 0:27:19Edwin, do you still want to be a forensic scientist?
0:27:19 > 0:27:24- Yes.- OK. And Leila, do you still want to be a forensic scientist?
0:27:24 > 0:27:27- 100 gazillion per cent more. - OK.- 100 gazillion per cent.
0:27:27 > 0:27:28OK, well, that's really good news
0:27:28 > 0:27:30because I've got another case for you,
0:27:30 > 0:27:32because at lunchtime I ordered a tuna-fish sandwich,
0:27:32 > 0:27:35but it had gone and there was only a ham sandwich left, so some...
0:27:35 > 0:27:37Couldn't you just dust it for prints, or something?
0:27:37 > 0:27:39They may have left some blood.
0:27:39 > 0:27:40You could do a DNA sample.
0:27:40 > 0:27:42Oh, come on!