0:00:03 > 0:00:07# There are lots of things all around us
0:00:07 > 0:00:10# Exciting things that surround us
0:00:10 > 0:00:13- #- But how does it work?- Do you know?
0:00:13 > 0:00:17- #- How is it made?- Do you know?
0:00:17 > 0:00:20# Things that go up Things that go down
0:00:20 > 0:00:23# Things that go pop Things that go round
0:00:23 > 0:00:27# With special cameras To show you inside
0:00:27 > 0:00:30# It's going to be a big surprise
0:00:30 > 0:00:34- #- But how does it work?- Do you know?
0:00:34 > 0:00:37- #- How is it made?- Do you know?
0:00:37 > 0:00:40- # Do you know?- Let's find out!- #
0:00:42 > 0:00:46Hello, I'm Maddie and today I've come to a family theme park,
0:00:46 > 0:00:49and I'm going to have some fun on some rides.
0:00:49 > 0:00:52Do you like rides? I love them.
0:00:52 > 0:00:54I like fast rides,
0:00:54 > 0:00:57and I like rides that go round and round,
0:00:57 > 0:01:00and up and down.
0:01:01 > 0:01:04I found something that looks good to go on.
0:01:04 > 0:01:05Look over there.
0:01:08 > 0:01:11Do you know what this is? It's a carousel.
0:01:11 > 0:01:13You might have been on one.
0:01:13 > 0:01:16Just look at all the colours and the bright lights.
0:01:16 > 0:01:20But do you know how a carousel works?
0:01:20 > 0:01:21Let's find out.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31What shall I ride on?
0:01:31 > 0:01:33I definitely want to go on a horse,
0:01:33 > 0:01:36but that one's a little bit small.
0:01:36 > 0:01:37Ah!
0:01:39 > 0:01:41I think this horse will do.
0:01:44 > 0:01:48Ooh, and it's about to start! Off we go.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51FAIRGROUND MUSIC
0:01:54 > 0:01:58When the carousel starts to go, it goes round and round
0:01:58 > 0:02:03and the horses go up and down,
0:02:03 > 0:02:08so I go up and I go down. It's really fun,
0:02:08 > 0:02:13but how does it work? How do the horses go up and down?
0:02:13 > 0:02:16Well, if you look at the horse I'm sitting on,
0:02:16 > 0:02:20it's attached to a pole that goes all the way to the floor.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22But, if you follow it up, it goes all the way
0:02:22 > 0:02:24up to the roof of the carousel,
0:02:24 > 0:02:26and that's called the canopy.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28But, to see how this all works,
0:02:28 > 0:02:32we're going to need to go inside the canopy.
0:02:33 > 0:02:38In the middle of a carousel is a big pole called the centre pole.
0:02:38 > 0:02:42At the top of the centre pole is a big cog called a gear.
0:02:42 > 0:02:44It has lots of grooves on it.
0:02:44 > 0:02:48Sticking out from the gear are lots of rods called sweeps.
0:02:48 > 0:02:50It looks like a big bike wheel. TING TING!
0:02:50 > 0:02:52Each sweep has grooves on the end,
0:02:52 > 0:02:55which sit on top of the grooves on the gear.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58When the big gear moves round in a circle,
0:02:58 > 0:03:03it pulls all the sweeps round, making them spin too.
0:03:03 > 0:03:06But how do the horses go up and down?
0:03:06 > 0:03:12At the end of each sweep is something called a crankshaft.
0:03:12 > 0:03:15The crankshaft has a pole hanging down from it,
0:03:15 > 0:03:17and on the end of that is a horse.
0:03:17 > 0:03:19When the crankshaft spins round,
0:03:19 > 0:03:21it moves the pole round too,
0:03:21 > 0:03:24and this pulls the horse below up and down.
0:03:28 > 0:03:30How clever is that?
0:03:30 > 0:03:32Shall we see it working on our carousel?
0:03:32 > 0:03:34Come with me.
0:03:35 > 0:03:39To show you, I've been given special permission to come up here -
0:03:39 > 0:03:41the canopy of the carousel.
0:03:41 > 0:03:44Look! Can you see the horses below?
0:03:45 > 0:03:47(How exciting!)
0:03:51 > 0:03:57Ah, so this is the crankshaft and then it's attached to the pole here.
0:03:57 > 0:04:01And at the bottom of the pole under the canopy is the horse,
0:04:01 > 0:04:03and the crankshaft goes round and round,
0:04:03 > 0:04:06and that lifts the pole up and down.
0:04:06 > 0:04:11Let's use my special camera so that we can see the crankshaft in action.
0:04:23 > 0:04:25I think I'll have a go on this horse.
0:04:25 > 0:04:30Let's see what my special camera shows us when the carousel's moving.
0:04:30 > 0:04:31Off we go.
0:04:31 > 0:04:33FAIRGROUND MUSIC
0:04:33 > 0:04:38I'm going up and down again, and then up.
0:04:38 > 0:04:40Carousels are really fun.
0:04:40 > 0:04:43If I look up, I can actually see the pole moving up and down.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46And what is happening is the crankshaft is going
0:04:46 > 0:04:50round and round, and, as it's doing so, it's lifting the pole,
0:04:50 > 0:04:53so I go up and then I come back down again,
0:04:53 > 0:04:55and I go up and I come back down again.
0:04:55 > 0:04:59And it's also meaning I move from side to side a little bit,
0:04:59 > 0:05:02so it's giving me the feeling that I'm rocking
0:05:02 > 0:05:04and that I'm on a real horse.
0:05:06 > 0:05:11I can actually hear the crankshafts working up in the canopy.
0:05:11 > 0:05:15Listen to the whirring sound the crankshaft makes
0:05:15 > 0:05:16as it goes round and round.
0:05:16 > 0:05:21WHIRRING AND HISSING
0:05:23 > 0:05:31Wheee! Up and down, up and down, and...
0:05:31 > 0:05:35Ohhhhhh! I think the ride's come to an end.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44I had so much fun on the carousel.
0:05:44 > 0:05:46So the next time you see one or have a go on one,
0:05:46 > 0:05:48you'll know just how it works,
0:05:48 > 0:05:51and you'll know why the horses go up and down.
0:05:53 > 0:05:56I loved seeing how a carousel works.
0:05:56 > 0:05:59What was your favourite bit?
0:05:59 > 0:06:03Do you remember the name for the roof of the carousel?
0:06:03 > 0:06:06That's right, it's the canopy.
0:06:06 > 0:06:09Did you hear the sound the crankshaft made
0:06:09 > 0:06:12when the carousel moved round and round?
0:06:12 > 0:06:14WHIRRING AND HISSING
0:06:20 > 0:06:24And did you see the poles go up and down to make the horses move?
0:06:33 > 0:06:35And finished!
0:06:35 > 0:06:38What do you think of my drawing of a carousel?
0:06:38 > 0:06:42Do you like to draw or maybe colour things in?
0:06:42 > 0:06:45Drawing is a great way to have fun, and you can do it anywhere.
0:06:45 > 0:06:48I like to draw with brightly coloured crayons
0:06:48 > 0:06:52like this one or this one.
0:06:52 > 0:06:54But do you know how crayons are made?
0:06:55 > 0:06:57Let's find out.
0:07:02 > 0:07:06To find out how crayons are made, we need to come here,
0:07:06 > 0:07:08to a crayon factory.
0:07:13 > 0:07:19Wax crayons start out like this, as an ingredient called paraffin.
0:07:19 > 0:07:22Paraffin is an oil that's found deep under the ground,
0:07:22 > 0:07:26but to make wax crayons, paraffin oil is turned into this,
0:07:26 > 0:07:29paraffin wax pellets.
0:07:30 > 0:07:34Paraffin is used to make all sorts of things,
0:07:34 > 0:07:37like plastic toys,
0:07:37 > 0:07:39candles you blow out on a birthday cake,
0:07:39 > 0:07:42and, of course, wax crayons.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46What colour crayon shall we make today?
0:07:46 > 0:07:48We could make blue...
0:07:48 > 0:07:49green...
0:07:49 > 0:07:51How about yellow...
0:07:51 > 0:07:52or red?
0:07:53 > 0:07:56Let's make some red crayons.
0:07:58 > 0:08:01The first stage is for the paraffin wax pellets
0:08:01 > 0:08:03to be poured into this huge tank.
0:08:07 > 0:08:12Inside, the paraffin wax pellets are heated until they turn runny,
0:08:12 > 0:08:15and, when it's ready, it's emptied into a bucket
0:08:15 > 0:08:18and taken to a mixing area.
0:08:18 > 0:08:23But how does it turn from a clear liquid into a coloured wax crayon?
0:08:23 > 0:08:25This is pigment.
0:08:25 > 0:08:30Pigment is a coloured powder that gives crayons their colour.
0:08:30 > 0:08:34To make our red crayon, we need to use the red pigment.
0:08:39 > 0:08:43The red pigment and melted wax pellets are mixed together
0:08:43 > 0:08:49really well, until the mixture is ready to be made into crayon shapes.
0:08:49 > 0:08:50This is a crayon mould.
0:08:50 > 0:08:54It's a bit like a mould you might use to make jelly at home,
0:08:54 > 0:08:56only this one is a lot bigger.
0:08:56 > 0:09:00Each of these holes is the size and shape of one crayon,
0:09:00 > 0:09:02and there are 960 holes.
0:09:02 > 0:09:07That means this mould will make 960 crayons in one go.
0:09:18 > 0:09:22The red mixture is being poured into the moulds.
0:09:22 > 0:09:27Inside the machine, the crayon moulds are surrounded by cold water.
0:09:27 > 0:09:30This cold water cools down the mixture,
0:09:30 > 0:09:34and, as it cools down, it begins to go hard.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37And this new hard material is called wax.
0:09:37 > 0:09:40The team uses a tool called a scraper
0:09:40 > 0:09:42to move the wax around the mould.
0:09:42 > 0:09:46This makes sure that they're all completely filled to the top
0:09:46 > 0:09:48and don't have any air bubbles.
0:09:51 > 0:09:55I think the crayons are ready, because the wax mixture on top
0:09:55 > 0:09:58has gone hard and needs to be scraped off.
0:10:02 > 0:10:04Time to push the crayons out of the mould.
0:10:04 > 0:10:06Let's see what they look like.
0:10:13 > 0:10:15That's brilliant.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19That is 960 red crayons.
0:10:19 > 0:10:21That's impressive!
0:10:21 > 0:10:22Let's see it again.
0:10:34 > 0:10:39The crayons are stacked, ready to go to the next stage.
0:10:39 > 0:10:44And the leftover wax is melted down to be used again.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46Look at all these crayons!
0:10:46 > 0:10:48But...
0:10:48 > 0:10:50there's something missing.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53It needs to be wrapped, and this machine wraps each crayon
0:10:53 > 0:10:55in its own wrapper.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58I'm going to use my special little camera to
0:10:58 > 0:11:02see how this machine wraps every crayon.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04I'll put my first camera here,
0:11:04 > 0:11:09where the crayons get stacked up ready for labelling.
0:11:09 > 0:11:12My second camera will see the crayons as they travel
0:11:12 > 0:11:16towards the labelling machine.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19And my third camera will go on this conveyer belt,
0:11:19 > 0:11:23to see the crayons as they come out with their nice new labels on.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27So, now we're ready, let's get labelling.
0:11:27 > 0:11:28In they go.
0:11:29 > 0:11:32And look, they're being carried up something
0:11:32 > 0:11:35that looks like an escalator.
0:11:35 > 0:11:40And here they are nicely spaced out, ready for their labels.
0:11:40 > 0:11:44The labels are like big stickers which are wrapped
0:11:44 > 0:11:46around each crayon.
0:11:46 > 0:11:47Look, here they come!
0:11:49 > 0:11:52I really like the sound this wrapping machine makes.
0:11:52 > 0:11:54It's a lovely ticking sound,
0:11:54 > 0:11:57a bit like a ticking clock.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59TICKTOCK, TICKTOCK!
0:11:59 > 0:12:03Ticktock, ticktock, ticktock.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07Once the crayons have been wrapped, they move down this conveyer belt,
0:12:07 > 0:12:10and every one of them is checked.
0:12:10 > 0:12:12Uh-oh, look!
0:12:12 > 0:12:14That one's got a crack in it!
0:12:14 > 0:12:17If they're not up to scratch they get thrown away.
0:12:17 > 0:12:20But don't worry, nothing's wasted.
0:12:20 > 0:12:22These will just get melted down again,
0:12:22 > 0:12:24ready to be made into more crayons.
0:12:30 > 0:12:34I've got a packet of crayons here, but there's one colour missing.
0:12:34 > 0:12:35Do you know what it is?
0:12:35 > 0:12:38It's the red crayon.
0:12:38 > 0:12:41And now I can get back to drawing.
0:12:44 > 0:12:47I loved seeing how wax crayons are made.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50What was your favourite bit?
0:12:50 > 0:12:54Do you remember what wax crayons are made of?
0:12:54 > 0:12:57That's right, it's paraffin, which is a type of oil.
0:12:57 > 0:13:00Did you hear the sound the labelling machine made?
0:13:00 > 0:13:02TICKTOCK, TICKTOCK
0:13:02 > 0:13:05Ticktock, ticktock, ticktock.
0:13:05 > 0:13:07It sounded like a ticking clock.
0:13:07 > 0:13:12And did you see the crayons rising out of the mould?
0:13:12 > 0:13:13That's impressive.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23So, the next time you're having fun drawing something,
0:13:23 > 0:13:27you'll know how crayons are made, and if you see or have a go
0:13:27 > 0:13:31on a carousel just like this one, you'll know how it works.
0:13:31 > 0:13:34Now, what shall I draw next?
0:13:34 > 0:13:36See you next time.
0:13:38 > 0:13:42# There are lots of things All around us
0:13:42 > 0:13:45# Exciting things that surround us
0:13:45 > 0:13:49- #- But how does it work?- Do you know?
0:13:49 > 0:13:52- #- How is it made?- Do you know?
0:13:52 > 0:13:55- # Do you know?- Let's find out!- #