0:00:03 > 0:00:07# There are lots of things all around us
0:00:07 > 0:00:10# Exciting things that surround us
0:00:10 > 0:00:11# But how does it work?
0:00:11 > 0:00:13# Do you know?
0:00:13 > 0:00:15# How is it made?
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# Do you know?
0:00:17 > 0:00:19# Things that go up
0:00:19 > 0:00:20# Things that go down
0:00:20 > 0:00:22# Things that go pop
0:00:22 > 0:00:24# Things that go round
0:00:24 > 0:00:27# With special cameras to show you inside
0:00:27 > 0:00:29# It's going to be a big surprise
0:00:29 > 0:00:31# But how does it work?
0:00:31 > 0:00:34# Do you know?
0:00:34 > 0:00:35# How is it made?
0:00:35 > 0:00:36# Do you know?
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Do you know? #
0:00:38 > 0:00:40Let's find out!
0:00:49 > 0:00:52Hello, I'm Maddie. I've just been to the shops.
0:00:52 > 0:00:56I'm back with all the things I've brought.
0:00:56 > 0:01:01Now, where is my key? Ooh! There we go. There it is.
0:01:01 > 0:01:04This key helps me lock and unlock the front door.
0:01:04 > 0:01:09It's really clever. I push it in this little hole called a keyhole.
0:01:10 > 0:01:15As I turn the key, the door unlocks and it opens,
0:01:15 > 0:01:18just like magic, but it's not.
0:01:18 > 0:01:21Do you know how a lock works?
0:01:27 > 0:01:30Can you see that when I turn the key,
0:01:30 > 0:01:33this bit of metal goes in and out?
0:01:36 > 0:01:39This is called the deadbolt.
0:01:39 > 0:01:40When the door is locked,
0:01:40 > 0:01:44the deadbolt goes into this slot in the doorframe so that it
0:01:44 > 0:01:48won't move when I go to open it, but when the door is unlocked,
0:01:48 > 0:01:52the deadbolt moves out of the slot and the door can open once again.
0:02:00 > 0:02:04But do you know what happens inside the lock?
0:02:04 > 0:02:07How does the key make the deadbolt move in and out?
0:02:07 > 0:02:09Let's find out, shall we?
0:02:11 > 0:02:15I've got three different locks here,
0:02:15 > 0:02:17but they all work in the same way.
0:02:17 > 0:02:20Why don't we use my special camera to take
0:02:20 > 0:02:23a closer look and see how they work?
0:02:26 > 0:02:28This is the key.
0:02:28 > 0:02:31This bit is the keyhole.
0:02:31 > 0:02:35The key goes into the keyhole and into a tube,
0:02:35 > 0:02:38and the tube is called a barrel.
0:02:38 > 0:02:42When you turn the key inside the barrel, this bit,
0:02:42 > 0:02:49the deadbolt, moves in and out. Can you see that?
0:02:49 > 0:02:52It's the deadbolt that locks the door.
0:02:53 > 0:02:57This lock and key is just like the one on the front door.
0:02:57 > 0:03:01It's useful because we can see what's going on inside it.
0:03:01 > 0:03:02Great, isn't it?
0:03:02 > 0:03:07What's really clever is that this lock will only work with this key.
0:03:07 > 0:03:11No other key will turn this lock
0:03:11 > 0:03:14so what is it that makes this key
0:03:14 > 0:03:16so special?
0:03:16 > 0:03:21If you look closely, you can see the key has lots of lumps and
0:03:21 > 0:03:25bumps and these bumps are sometimes called teeth.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28They look a bit like teeth, don't they?
0:03:30 > 0:03:33The teeth on keys are all different.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36They come in all shapes and sizes.
0:03:36 > 0:03:40So how do the teeth help work the lock?
0:03:43 > 0:03:46When you fit a key in a lock,
0:03:46 > 0:03:52it goes through the keyhole and into the metal tube called the barrel.
0:03:52 > 0:03:56Inside the barrel are lots of little metal pins, and each of these
0:03:56 > 0:03:59pins has a special position.
0:03:59 > 0:04:04As the key goes in, the teeth on the key push the pins down and
0:04:04 > 0:04:08the pins then ping back into the gaps.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11Only if the pins are in their special position will you hear
0:04:11 > 0:04:13a click. CLICK
0:04:13 > 0:04:15This means you can turn the key,
0:04:15 > 0:04:19which makes the deadbolt move out to lock the door,
0:04:19 > 0:04:23or in, which unlocks the door so it can be opened.
0:04:31 > 0:04:36So these are all the teeth in my key and some are longer than others,
0:04:36 > 0:04:41can you see? I want to see these teeth inside the special lock.
0:04:41 > 0:04:44As the key goes in,
0:04:44 > 0:04:49can you see that the teeth are making the pins move up and down?
0:04:49 > 0:04:52CLICKING
0:04:52 > 0:04:53Can you hear that?
0:04:53 > 0:04:56I love the sound of those pins
0:04:56 > 0:04:58clicking into their special positions.
0:04:58 > 0:05:01CLICKING
0:05:01 > 0:05:06Once the pins are in the special position, I can now turn the key,
0:05:06 > 0:05:10which moves the deadbolts in and out, just like that.
0:05:13 > 0:05:18But the really clever thing is that every lock is different and
0:05:18 > 0:05:21the only key that will open this lock is this one.
0:05:21 > 0:05:26If I try to use the front door key in this lock...
0:05:26 > 0:05:30Look, it doesn't work and that's because the only door this
0:05:30 > 0:05:32key will open is the front door.
0:05:32 > 0:05:34Amazing.
0:05:35 > 0:05:38I think locks and keys are so clever, do you?
0:05:38 > 0:05:42What's your favourite bit about seeing how they worked?
0:05:45 > 0:05:49Can you remember what the lumps and bumps on a key are called?
0:05:49 > 0:05:50That's right.
0:05:50 > 0:05:52Teeth.
0:05:52 > 0:05:54Did you hear the sound of the pins
0:05:54 > 0:05:57clicking into their special positions?
0:05:57 > 0:05:58CLICKING
0:06:00 > 0:06:05Did you see the deadbolts moving in and out as the key was turned?
0:06:12 > 0:06:15There are locks and keys all over this house.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18Let's see if we can find some.
0:06:19 > 0:06:21Here's one on my secret drawer.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26Here's one on the window handle.
0:06:26 > 0:06:29It's much smaller than the key for the front door.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32Can you see how different the teeth are?
0:06:34 > 0:06:38Even the garden doors have a lock.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43I like looking out into the garden, although it's a bit cold today.
0:06:45 > 0:06:48Do you know what this is?
0:06:48 > 0:06:49KNOCK KNOCK
0:06:49 > 0:06:52Yes, it's glass.
0:06:52 > 0:06:56Glass is incredible because you can see through it so even though
0:06:56 > 0:07:00it's a chilly day, I can see into the garden without getting cold.
0:07:00 > 0:07:06But do you know how glass is made? Let's find out.
0:07:14 > 0:07:18There's something here that's used to make glass.
0:07:18 > 0:07:20Do you know what it is?
0:07:20 > 0:07:22It's something I'm playing with.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26Can you guess?
0:07:26 > 0:07:32It's sand. Yes, sand is the thing you need to make glass.
0:07:32 > 0:07:35The same stuff you use to build sandcastles with.
0:07:35 > 0:07:41But do you know how sand is made into glass? Let's find out.
0:07:48 > 0:07:52Inside this glass factory, sand is turned into glass.
0:07:52 > 0:07:56The glass-makers here create vases to put flowers in, colourful
0:07:56 > 0:08:01bottles and lots of different glass shapes called ornaments.
0:08:01 > 0:08:06All these lovely glass objects start out like this.
0:08:06 > 0:08:09They look like little rocks, don't they?
0:08:09 > 0:08:12They are, they're little rocks made of sand,
0:08:12 > 0:08:16mixed with chemicals which turns them into white pebbles.
0:08:16 > 0:08:20How does this turn into something beautiful like this?
0:08:27 > 0:08:29This is Bruce, the glass-maker,
0:08:29 > 0:08:35and he puts our sandy pebbles into a very hot oven called a kiln.
0:08:35 > 0:08:40It's so hot I have to stand way away from it.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43Can you see the fire inside?
0:08:43 > 0:08:47That's what's making it so hot.
0:08:47 > 0:08:51The sandy pebbles stay in the kiln for a whole night, where they get
0:08:51 > 0:08:56hot and melt. The sand has got so hot it has changed completely.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59It's turned from sand into glass,
0:08:59 > 0:09:03but it's not like the glass in your windows quite yet.
0:09:07 > 0:09:13This is molten glass and at this stage it's runny like honey.
0:09:14 > 0:09:17What you can see is red because it's so hot,
0:09:17 > 0:09:21but when it cools down, it will become clear
0:09:21 > 0:09:23like the glass in your windows.
0:09:23 > 0:09:27But how does Bruce turn all that molten glass into something
0:09:27 > 0:09:29as beautiful as this?
0:09:29 > 0:09:33First, Bruce needs to make the coloured pieces which make
0:09:33 > 0:09:35the patterns on the vase.
0:09:35 > 0:09:40So he heats up some blue glass to make it soft and then
0:09:40 > 0:09:46he blows into a long metal pole called a blowpipe which makes the
0:09:46 > 0:09:49glass fill up with air like a balloon.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52This is called glass-blowing.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56He's going to blow it so it's very, very thin and that means he
0:09:56 > 0:10:01can smash the balloon into hundreds of tiny pieces of blue glass.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04CRASHING
0:10:04 > 0:10:06Glass is very dangerous once it's broken
0:10:06 > 0:10:09so you should never touch or go near it.
0:10:09 > 0:10:13Bruce has special tools to do it safely.
0:10:14 > 0:10:18With the coloured bits ready, it's time to make the vase.
0:10:18 > 0:10:23The next thing Bruce does is gather some of the runny
0:10:23 > 0:10:26glass onto the end of his pipe.
0:10:26 > 0:10:30Bruce dips it into the broken pieces of glass and this will make the
0:10:30 > 0:10:33blue blobs of colour on our vase.
0:10:33 > 0:10:35CRUNCHING
0:10:35 > 0:10:38Listen to that, like the sound of a crunching crisp packet.
0:10:38 > 0:10:41CRUNCHING
0:10:41 > 0:10:44He then puts it back into the kiln.
0:10:46 > 0:10:50Look at that, can you see the blue glass shrinking?
0:10:50 > 0:10:54The kiln is so hot, the blue pieces are melting into the hot
0:10:54 > 0:10:57sticky glass on the end of the pole.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03Bruce then adds more colour to our vase.
0:11:06 > 0:11:11We've got some green, blue, pink and even some red spots.
0:11:14 > 0:11:19I've got my special camera with me so we can see all of the colour
0:11:19 > 0:11:21that's been added to the glass in detail.
0:11:25 > 0:11:29Wow! Can you see those colours? Don't they look pretty?
0:11:32 > 0:11:36At the moment, the glass just looks like a sticky blob,
0:11:36 > 0:11:39but we want it to become a nice round shape.
0:11:39 > 0:11:42How do you think Bruce is going to do that?
0:11:44 > 0:11:47After the colour is added,
0:11:47 > 0:11:49Bruce dips it back into the kiln
0:11:49 > 0:11:52to add another layer of runny glass.
0:11:53 > 0:11:59To make the vase round, he uses a special tool called a wooden block.
0:11:59 > 0:12:04Then he blows down into the pipe to make it bigger.
0:12:05 > 0:12:10The glass is the right size but to get it the shape we want,
0:12:10 > 0:12:12we have to flatten it.
0:12:12 > 0:12:16To do that, Bruce rolls it onto a piece of cork which is a type
0:12:16 > 0:12:20of wood, but the glass is so hot, the wood sometimes catches fire.
0:12:20 > 0:12:22Can you see?
0:12:22 > 0:12:27This is very dangerous, but Bruce has been specially trained to do it.
0:12:30 > 0:12:36The vase is finished, but it's still very hot, which is why it's so red.
0:12:36 > 0:12:40It's left to cool down for a few days and then we'll be able
0:12:40 > 0:12:42to see its colours properly.
0:12:42 > 0:12:47After three days cooling down in the kiln, this is our final piece.
0:12:47 > 0:12:51A wonderful glass vase. Look at the beautiful colours.
0:12:54 > 0:12:57I loved seeing how glass was made, did you?
0:12:57 > 0:12:59What was your favourite bit?
0:12:59 > 0:13:03Can you remember the name of the long pole that was used to make
0:13:03 > 0:13:05the glass?
0:13:05 > 0:13:09That's right. It's called the blowpipe.
0:13:09 > 0:13:13Did you hear the crunchy sound made by the runny glass being
0:13:13 > 0:13:16dipped into the broken pieces?
0:13:16 > 0:13:19CRUNCHING
0:13:19 > 0:13:23Did you see all those colours in the vase?
0:13:23 > 0:13:25Weren't they pretty?
0:13:31 > 0:13:35So the next time you see a beautiful glass ornament or
0:13:35 > 0:13:40look out of a window, remember that all glass comes from sand.
0:13:40 > 0:13:44It's getting a bit chilly, let's shut the door.
0:13:44 > 0:13:48Now you know how a lock works too, with a key and its special teeth.
0:13:48 > 0:13:50See you next time.
0:13:53 > 0:13:56# There are lots of things all around us
0:13:56 > 0:14:00# Exciting things that surround us
0:14:00 > 0:14:01# But how does it work?
0:14:01 > 0:14:03# Do you know?
0:14:03 > 0:14:05# How is it made?
0:14:05 > 0:14:06# Do you know?
0:14:06 > 0:14:08# Do you know? #
0:14:08 > 0:14:10Let's find out!