0:00:03 > 0:00:07# There are lots of things all around us
0:00:07 > 0:00:10# Exciting things that surround us
0:00:10 > 0:00:12# But how does it work?
0:00:12 > 0:00:13# Do you know?
0:00:13 > 0:00:15# How is it made?
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# Do you know?
0:00:17 > 0:00:20# Things that go up Things that go down
0:00:20 > 0:00:23# Things that go pop Things that go round
0:00:23 > 0:00:27# With special cameras to show you inside
0:00:27 > 0:00:30# It's going to be a big surprise
0:00:30 > 0:00:32# But how does it work?
0:00:32 > 0:00:33# Do you know?
0:00:33 > 0:00:35# How is it made?
0:00:35 > 0:00:37# Do you know?
0:00:37 > 0:00:39# Do you know?
0:00:39 > 0:00:40# Let's find out! #
0:00:48 > 0:00:51Hello, I'm Maddie, and today, I've come to this local market,
0:00:51 > 0:00:55where they have a piano that anybody can come and play.
0:00:55 > 0:00:57How amazing is that?
0:00:57 > 0:00:59DESCENDING NOTES
0:00:59 > 0:01:02Do you play the piano? It sounds lovely, doesn't it?
0:01:02 > 0:01:07But what I want to know is what's going on inside the piano.
0:01:08 > 0:01:13Do you know how a piano works? Let's find out.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18A piano!
0:01:21 > 0:01:23We are in a piano shop.
0:01:23 > 0:01:27There are lots of pianos here, but they don't all look the same.
0:01:27 > 0:01:31This type here is called an upright piano,
0:01:31 > 0:01:36and that's because the main body of it, that's this bit, stands upright.
0:01:36 > 0:01:37Just like we do.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40But this type here...
0:01:40 > 0:01:41SHE PLAYS NOTES
0:01:41 > 0:01:43..is called a grand piano,
0:01:43 > 0:01:47and it stretches out this way instead of upright.
0:01:47 > 0:01:50It's a bit like lying down.
0:01:51 > 0:01:56Playing a piano starts with this - a keyboard.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59All these white and black bits are called keys,
0:01:59 > 0:02:02and each one plays a different note.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04Have a listen.
0:02:04 > 0:02:06LOW NOTE
0:02:06 > 0:02:08HIGHER NOTE
0:02:08 > 0:02:10HIGH NOTE
0:02:10 > 0:02:14Did you hear how each key plays a different sound?
0:02:14 > 0:02:19Well, there are 52 white keys and 36 black keys,
0:02:19 > 0:02:22and each one plays a different note.
0:02:22 > 0:02:25But do you know how it works?
0:02:25 > 0:02:29Well, to show you, we need to open this piano up.
0:02:34 > 0:02:38Hidden inside every piano are lots of strings.
0:02:38 > 0:02:42They're like the strings you would see on a guitar or a violin,
0:02:42 > 0:02:44but there are lots more of them.
0:02:44 > 0:02:50These longer, thicker strings are for the low notes.
0:02:50 > 0:02:53LOW NOTE
0:02:53 > 0:02:57And these shorter, thinner ones are for the high notes.
0:02:57 > 0:02:59HIGH NOTE
0:02:59 > 0:03:02When the string makes a sound, it wobbles.
0:03:02 > 0:03:05This wobble is called a vibration.
0:03:05 > 0:03:09But the best way to see the string vibrate
0:03:09 > 0:03:12is to see it moving really slowly,
0:03:12 > 0:03:17but to do this, we need my special little camera,
0:03:17 > 0:03:19which can film in slow motion.
0:03:21 > 0:03:27I'm going to press a key, and I want you to look at this string here.
0:03:27 > 0:03:28Can you see it vibrate?
0:03:30 > 0:03:31LOW NOTE
0:03:33 > 0:03:37That's amazing. Let's see it again.
0:03:37 > 0:03:38LOW NOTE
0:03:42 > 0:03:45It's exactly the same inside an upright piano,
0:03:45 > 0:03:50only it's all standing up this way instead of being laid out flat.
0:03:50 > 0:03:54Come and have a look inside this upright piano.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57We've taken off the front so you can see inside.
0:03:57 > 0:04:00Look - here are the strings here.
0:04:01 > 0:04:05Now, watch what happens inside the piano when I play it.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08HIGH NOTE
0:04:10 > 0:04:13Can you see that white bit hitting the strings?
0:04:13 > 0:04:16HIGH NOTE This bit is called a hammer,
0:04:16 > 0:04:19and it hits the strings when I press a key,
0:04:19 > 0:04:21which makes the strings vibrate.
0:04:21 > 0:04:24HIGH NOTE But to see exactly what's going on,
0:04:24 > 0:04:28we need to look deeper inside the piano.
0:04:28 > 0:04:31SHE PLAYS A TUNE
0:04:33 > 0:04:36Every key is longer than it looks,
0:04:36 > 0:04:39because it's actually part of a wooden lever.
0:04:39 > 0:04:42A lever is like a seesaw.
0:04:42 > 0:04:45When one end goes down, the other end goes up.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52At the end of the lever is the key.
0:04:53 > 0:04:56At the other end is the hammer.
0:04:57 > 0:05:02When a key is pressed, the end of the lever shoots upwards.
0:05:03 > 0:05:06This pushes another small lever up, too.
0:05:07 > 0:05:11And it forces the hammer to hit the string so that it vibrates.
0:05:13 > 0:05:17As the string vibrates, it makes a musical note.
0:05:17 > 0:05:19HIGH NOTE
0:05:19 > 0:05:21When you stop pressing the key,
0:05:21 > 0:05:26the lever tips back and the hammer comes away from the string.
0:05:26 > 0:05:29Wow! How amazing is that?
0:05:29 > 0:05:31And we can see it in real life here.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Look. When I press this key,
0:05:34 > 0:05:38it pushes the wooden lever to make the hammer hit the string.
0:05:38 > 0:05:39HIGH NOTE
0:05:39 > 0:05:41Just like that.
0:05:41 > 0:05:45As you might be able to tell, I'm not brilliant at the piano.
0:05:45 > 0:05:48But I know someone who is. Meet Nick.
0:05:48 > 0:05:52He's going to show you just how wonderful a piano can sound,
0:05:52 > 0:05:56and I'm going to use my special camera whilst he's playing,
0:05:56 > 0:05:59to show you the strings and hammers in action.
0:05:59 > 0:06:00Take it away, Nick.
0:06:00 > 0:06:04MUSIC: Flight Of The Bumblebee
0:06:26 > 0:06:27Wow! Very good.
0:06:30 > 0:06:34What was your favourite thing about seeing how a piano works?
0:06:34 > 0:06:37Do you remember what you call the part of the piano
0:06:37 > 0:06:39that hits the strings?
0:06:39 > 0:06:42Yes, they're called hammers.
0:06:44 > 0:06:47Did you hear the sounds the different keys made?
0:06:47 > 0:06:49LOW NOTE
0:06:49 > 0:06:52HIGH NOTE Each key makes a different note.
0:06:52 > 0:06:55SHE PLAYS A TUNE
0:06:57 > 0:07:01And did you see how the black and white keys are all levers,
0:07:01 > 0:07:04which move like a seesaw?
0:07:04 > 0:07:06MUSIC: Flight Of The Bumblebee
0:07:14 > 0:07:17So now when you play or watch someone playing the piano,
0:07:17 > 0:07:20you'll know just how it works inside,
0:07:20 > 0:07:24but there are lots of other ways you could make music, too.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26How do you like to make music?
0:07:26 > 0:07:28I like to play the drums!
0:07:28 > 0:07:31You can make big loud noises like this.
0:07:31 > 0:07:32LOUD DRUMMING
0:07:32 > 0:07:35Or little soft noises, like this. SOFT DRUMMING
0:07:35 > 0:07:38There are lots of different kinds of drums.
0:07:38 > 0:07:40Like this. It's called a steel drum.
0:07:40 > 0:07:42METALLIC DRUMMING
0:07:42 > 0:07:45But you could also make your own drum...
0:07:45 > 0:07:49Out of an old pan, using a couple of wooden spoons.
0:07:49 > 0:07:50METALLIC DRUMMING
0:07:50 > 0:07:53Just make sure you ask an adult nicely first.
0:07:53 > 0:07:58Drums are great fun, but do you know how they're made?
0:07:58 > 0:08:00Let's go find out!
0:08:00 > 0:08:03DRUMS CLATTER
0:08:05 > 0:08:08A drum!
0:08:08 > 0:08:13We're in a drum factory, and making a drum begins with this.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18Here we have lots of very thin slices of wood.
0:08:18 > 0:08:22It's called veneer, and it's the first thing we need to make a drum.
0:08:22 > 0:08:27Come with me and I'll show you how this turns into this.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32For each drum,
0:08:32 > 0:08:37lots of layers of veneer are stuck together with a thin layer of glue.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40This makes the drum nice and strong.
0:08:41 > 0:08:46The glued together pieces of wood are now taken to a special machine
0:08:46 > 0:08:50that keeps them nicely pressed together while they dry.
0:08:50 > 0:08:55And now our thin sheets of wood are ready to be made into a drum.
0:08:55 > 0:08:59But can you see? The wood is still really bendy.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02That's important, because a drum is round,
0:09:02 > 0:09:07so our wood needs to be able to bend into a round shape.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10Listen to that wibbly wobbly sound! WIBBLE-WOBBLE
0:09:10 > 0:09:13Doesn't it sound funny?
0:09:14 > 0:09:16WIBBLE-WOBBLE
0:09:19 > 0:09:22The drum maker is choosing the bits he wants
0:09:22 > 0:09:26to make a pattern around the outside of the drum.
0:09:26 > 0:09:30And now the wood is ready to go inside this mould.
0:09:30 > 0:09:32Can you see that it's round?
0:09:33 > 0:09:36This gives the drum its round shape.
0:09:39 > 0:09:42The first sheet of wood is put inside the mould
0:09:42 > 0:09:44and pressed together.
0:09:46 > 0:09:50And now another sheet of wood is added.
0:09:50 > 0:09:52This sheet has a layer of glue on it,
0:09:52 > 0:09:55so it sticks to the inside of the first sheet.
0:09:55 > 0:10:00Once the drum is dry, it's ready to come out of the mould.
0:10:00 > 0:10:05It's a bit like getting a cake out of a baking tin.
0:10:05 > 0:10:08This bit is called the shell.
0:10:08 > 0:10:10It's beginning to look like a drum, isn't it?
0:10:10 > 0:10:13But there's a few more stages yet.
0:10:17 > 0:10:22The drum needs to be nice and smooth, so it has to be sanded.
0:10:22 > 0:10:27Sandpaper is rough on one side, like sand.
0:10:27 > 0:10:29When you rub the paper against the wood,
0:10:29 > 0:10:31it takes off all the rough bits
0:10:31 > 0:10:35so that when you use your drum, you don't get splinters.
0:10:39 > 0:10:42Now it's time for some colour.
0:10:42 > 0:10:44Each drum is spray-painted by hand,
0:10:44 > 0:10:47and the drum makers use something called a stain.
0:10:47 > 0:10:49It's a bit like paint.
0:10:49 > 0:10:54It makes the wood look a bit darker, but it can get very messy!
0:10:54 > 0:10:57So I'm going to use my special camera
0:10:57 > 0:10:59to get closer to all of the action.
0:10:59 > 0:11:01Let's go and see.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04I've attached my special camera to a pole
0:11:04 > 0:11:08so I can stand a safe distance from the spray gun.
0:11:08 > 0:11:10Ready? Take it away!
0:11:12 > 0:11:13Wow!
0:11:15 > 0:11:18Look at the paint coming out of the spray gun!
0:11:18 > 0:11:20That looks amazing.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27I'm just using the screen so I can see what's happening on the camera.
0:11:30 > 0:11:35Let's just make sure the paint is even all the way around the drum.
0:11:35 > 0:11:36Brilliant!
0:11:36 > 0:11:40- Zach, do you think it's finished? - Yeah.- Ready to go.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44Wow! And this is what the drum's shell looks like
0:11:44 > 0:11:46once it's been painted and dried.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49It looks brilliant, doesn't it?
0:11:49 > 0:11:52But what do you think is missing?
0:11:53 > 0:11:57It's the top part of the drum, the bit you hit to make the sound,
0:11:57 > 0:12:00and this is called the skin, or the head.
0:12:00 > 0:12:04And for that, we need a special sheet of plastic.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10But before we attach the drum's shell to the plastic skin,
0:12:10 > 0:12:13we have to drill some holes.
0:12:16 > 0:12:21Next, metal blocks called lugs are screwed into the holes
0:12:21 > 0:12:25and the plastic skin is placed on top of the drum,
0:12:25 > 0:12:27with a metal hoop fixing it into place.
0:12:31 > 0:12:34The next thing to do is put the drum to the test
0:12:34 > 0:12:36and check it makes great sound.
0:12:36 > 0:12:38Take it away!
0:12:38 > 0:12:40HE PLAYS A BEAT
0:12:48 > 0:12:50Wow, that sounds amazing!
0:12:50 > 0:12:53And there you have it - a shiny new drum.
0:12:55 > 0:12:59What was your favourite part of making a drum?
0:12:59 > 0:13:03Do you remember what the wooden part of the drum was called?
0:13:03 > 0:13:05That's right, it's the shell.
0:13:07 > 0:13:11Did you hear the wibbly wobbly sound the bendy wood made?
0:13:11 > 0:13:14WIBBLE-WOBBLE
0:13:14 > 0:13:19And did you see how the drum was painted by a spray machine?
0:13:19 > 0:13:20Wow!
0:13:26 > 0:13:28So now you know how a drum is made,
0:13:28 > 0:13:31from the wooden sheets that make the shell
0:13:31 > 0:13:33to the stretched plastic that makes the top.
0:13:33 > 0:13:39And we learnt how a piano works, to play lovely music.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41Speaking of lovely music,
0:13:41 > 0:13:44there's only one thing left to do with this drum.
0:13:44 > 0:13:46See you next time!
0:13:46 > 0:13:48SHE BANGS DRUM
0:13:53 > 0:13:56# There are lots of things all around us
0:13:56 > 0:13:59# Exciting things that surround us
0:13:59 > 0:14:01# But how does it work?
0:14:01 > 0:14:03# Do you know?
0:14:03 > 0:14:04# How is it made?
0:14:04 > 0:14:06# Do you know?
0:14:06 > 0:14:08# Do you know?
0:14:08 > 0:14:10# Let's find out! #