0:00:03 > 0:00:07# There are lots of things all around us
0:00:07 > 0:00:10# Exciting things that surround us
0:00:10 > 0:00:11# But how does it work?
0:00:11 > 0:00:13# Do you know?
0:00:13 > 0:00:15# How is it made?
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# Do you know?
0:00:17 > 0:00:20# Things that go up Things that go down
0:00:20 > 0:00:24# Things that go pop Things that go round
0:00:24 > 0:00:27# With special cameras to show you inside
0:00:27 > 0:00:29# It's going to be a big surprise
0:00:29 > 0:00:31# But how does it work?
0:00:31 > 0:00:33# Do you know?
0:00:33 > 0:00:35# How is it made?
0:00:35 > 0:00:37# Do you know?
0:00:37 > 0:00:38# Do you know? #
0:00:38 > 0:00:40Let's find out!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43Hello, I'm Maddie.
0:00:43 > 0:00:47Today, I'm in the kitchen, about to cook up something to eat.
0:00:47 > 0:00:52One of my favourite things to cook are eggs. Do you like eggs?
0:00:55 > 0:00:57One of the best things about eggs
0:00:57 > 0:01:00is there's loads of different ways to cook them.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03You can boil them, fry them, scramble them, or,
0:01:03 > 0:01:05my favourite, poach them.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08Have you noticed that no matter how you cook them,
0:01:08 > 0:01:12they always go from this, a clear, runny liquid
0:01:12 > 0:01:14with a yellow blob in the middle,
0:01:14 > 0:01:17to this, something that's hard and white?
0:01:17 > 0:01:21How does an egg work, and do you know where eggs come from?
0:01:21 > 0:01:23Let's find out.
0:01:29 > 0:01:32You can buy eggs in all sorts of places -
0:01:32 > 0:01:37the supermarket, your local shop, or even an egg farm, like this.
0:01:37 > 0:01:41But do you know which animal most eggs come from?
0:01:41 > 0:01:44That's right, chickens!
0:01:44 > 0:01:46CLUCKING
0:01:47 > 0:01:49Listen to the sound they're making.
0:01:49 > 0:01:53It's like a little cluck-cluck-cluck-cluck.
0:01:53 > 0:01:55It's actually quite noisy.
0:01:55 > 0:01:56CLUCKING
0:01:58 > 0:02:01Let's go see where these chickens lay their eggs.
0:02:01 > 0:02:03Excuse me!
0:02:03 > 0:02:05Hello, girls.
0:02:05 > 0:02:07This is a chicken coop,
0:02:07 > 0:02:11and it's where the chickens live and lay their eggs.
0:02:11 > 0:02:15This chicken here is making some rather funny noises.
0:02:15 > 0:02:17SOFT WHISTLING
0:02:17 > 0:02:20So I think she might be about to lay an egg.
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Let's go around the side and see if we can find it.
0:02:25 > 0:02:27Oh! The chickens have been busy.
0:02:27 > 0:02:31Look how many eggs they've laid! Aren't you clever, girls?
0:02:31 > 0:02:34Let's collect some of these and take them home.
0:02:36 > 0:02:39Now you know where eggs come from,
0:02:39 > 0:02:44but why do the inside of eggs go hard and white when you cook them?
0:02:44 > 0:02:47Do you know? Let's find out.
0:02:49 > 0:02:53To show you how this turns into this, we need to get cooking.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56So let's crack a new egg into the poaching pan.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00Remember, if you want to cook anything at home,
0:03:00 > 0:03:02always get a grown-up to help you.
0:03:02 > 0:03:05There are two parts to an egg.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08This clear bit around the side is called the egg white,
0:03:08 > 0:03:12and the yellow blob in the middle is called the egg yolk.
0:03:12 > 0:03:15Keep an eye on them as they cook and watch what happens.
0:03:15 > 0:03:19We're speeding this up a bit so you can see it happen.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22Can you see how quickly the clear, gooey bit is going white
0:03:22 > 0:03:26and the yellow bit in the middle, the yolk, is changing too?
0:03:26 > 0:03:30It's gone quite firm. It took just a few minutes to cook,
0:03:30 > 0:03:35but what's going on inside the egg to make it go white and hard?
0:03:35 > 0:03:38To find out, we need to take a closer look.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42Here comes a chicken.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45Inside the chicken, a little egg grows.
0:03:45 > 0:03:50It gets bigger and bigger until it pops out.
0:03:50 > 0:03:52Thank you!
0:03:52 > 0:03:55The egg is cracked into the pan.
0:03:57 > 0:04:00Inside egg whites and yolks are lots of very,
0:04:00 > 0:04:04very tiny things called proteins floating in liquid.
0:04:04 > 0:04:08They are so tiny we can't see them with our eyes.
0:04:08 > 0:04:12Each protein is twisted and curled up.
0:04:12 > 0:04:17When the egg is heated, the proteins start to uncurl and join together.
0:04:17 > 0:04:21As the egg gets hotter and the chains join up,
0:04:21 > 0:04:25they make a crisscross pattern which traps the liquid inside.
0:04:25 > 0:04:30As this happens, the egg turns white and the yolk goes hard.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35How brilliant is that? All of that going on inside one egg.
0:04:35 > 0:04:39Well, I've got one egg for my tea, but I think I want two.
0:04:39 > 0:04:44So let's cook another one, but this time, use my special camera.
0:04:44 > 0:04:47This is a thermal camera, and it shows me
0:04:47 > 0:04:51what's hot and what's cold using different colours.
0:04:53 > 0:04:56Let's heat this egg up and see what it looks like.
0:04:58 > 0:05:00And wow!
0:05:01 > 0:05:04You can see that the flame is white.
0:05:04 > 0:05:07That's because it's super, super hot.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09And the egg inside is blue.
0:05:09 > 0:05:14That's because I've only just put it in, so it's still cool.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17Let's keep an eye on it and see if this egg changes colour
0:05:17 > 0:05:19as it gets hotter and hotter.
0:05:20 > 0:05:23You can see the outside of the egg is turning yellow
0:05:23 > 0:05:26because as it's cooking, it's getting warmer.
0:05:26 > 0:05:30The inside of the egg is still blue because it's not cooked yet,
0:05:30 > 0:05:31so it's still cold.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Come on, yolk, catch up!
0:05:34 > 0:05:39And, just a few moments later, the egg is now all yellow and green,
0:05:39 > 0:05:42which means it's warm and almost cooked.
0:05:42 > 0:05:45All of those proteins will be uncurling
0:05:45 > 0:05:49and forming the crisscross pattern that traps the water droplets.
0:05:49 > 0:05:51And if I have a look at it,
0:05:51 > 0:05:54the egg's gone white and the yolk has gone firm.
0:05:54 > 0:05:57That means it's cooked and ready to eat.
0:05:59 > 0:06:02What was your favourite bit about seeing how an egg works?
0:06:02 > 0:06:07Do you remember what happened to the egg as it was cooking?
0:06:07 > 0:06:09It went hard and white.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12Did you hear the clucking sound the chickens made?
0:06:12 > 0:06:15CLUCKING
0:06:15 > 0:06:17And did you see my thermal camera
0:06:17 > 0:06:20showing the egg turning from blue to yellow
0:06:20 > 0:06:22and green as it was cooked?
0:06:28 > 0:06:32Mm! My eggs are yummy.
0:06:32 > 0:06:35The next time you have eggs, or you see eggs being cooked,
0:06:35 > 0:06:39you'll know just what's going on inside them.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43I don't know about you, but when I have eggs I like to have toast.
0:06:43 > 0:06:46It's just bread that's been popped in the toaster
0:06:46 > 0:06:48or under the grill for about a minute
0:06:48 > 0:06:51until it's crunchy and hard, like this.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55So, you know how toast is made, but what about the bread?
0:06:55 > 0:06:59Do you know how bread is made? Let's find out.
0:07:07 > 0:07:09This is a bakery.
0:07:09 > 0:07:13There are lots of different types of bread made here,
0:07:13 > 0:07:16and the main ingredient is flour.
0:07:16 > 0:07:20So I've come to a mill. And here, they make flour.
0:07:20 > 0:07:25But this flour here is made from a plant that's grown on farms.
0:07:25 > 0:07:30It's called wheat, and this is called an ear of wheat.
0:07:30 > 0:07:35Inside this bit at the top we find some grains.
0:07:35 > 0:07:40And these grains are taken into the mill to be turned into flour.
0:07:42 > 0:07:46First, the grains are crushed by rollers into smaller pieces.
0:07:46 > 0:07:48This is called milling.
0:07:50 > 0:07:54Next, the milled grains go through this strange-looking machine.
0:07:54 > 0:07:56It's called a sifter.
0:07:56 > 0:08:00It works a little bit like a sieve you might have at home,
0:08:00 > 0:08:04only this one is a giant, wobbly box!
0:08:04 > 0:08:10It gets rid of all of the roughage and leaves only the soft flour.
0:08:15 > 0:08:19And here we have the finished flour straight from the sifter.
0:08:19 > 0:08:22It's lovely, light and soft.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27The flour is loaded into a lorry called a tanker
0:08:27 > 0:08:31through this big, yellow tube.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34Then it'll be driven off to the bakery,
0:08:34 > 0:08:36ready to be turned into a loaf of bread.
0:08:39 > 0:08:41And this is the bakery.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43The tanker is off-loading the flour
0:08:43 > 0:08:47into these enormous containers called silos.
0:08:47 > 0:08:51There are smaller silos which contain the other ingredients -
0:08:51 > 0:08:55salt mixed with water, vegetable fat and yeast.
0:08:55 > 0:08:57Do you know what yeast is?
0:08:57 > 0:09:01Well, it's a special ingredient that helps make bread rise.
0:09:01 > 0:09:04It works best when it's kept nice and warm.
0:09:08 > 0:09:12All of the main ingredients come into the bakery through pipes
0:09:12 > 0:09:15in the ceiling and then they go through a giant mixer.
0:09:19 > 0:09:25Ha! Look at that! A huge ball of bread dough just plopped out!
0:09:25 > 0:09:29That would make one enormous loaf of bread, wouldn't it?
0:09:29 > 0:09:33The dough goes into this machine to be divided.
0:09:33 > 0:09:36Each chunk makes one loaf.
0:09:36 > 0:09:38If you've ever made bread at home,
0:09:38 > 0:09:42you'll know you have to do something called kneading.
0:09:42 > 0:09:45Kneading is when you use the heel of your hand
0:09:45 > 0:09:47to press and stretch the dough.
0:09:47 > 0:09:52It makes it stretchy and elastic, which helps the bread to rise.
0:09:54 > 0:09:56Kneading takes quite a long time,
0:09:56 > 0:09:59so the bakery have come up with this clever
0:09:59 > 0:10:03cone-shaped machine to do the job quickly.
0:10:03 > 0:10:08Look how fast the dough is whizzing around the machine, being kneaded!
0:10:12 > 0:10:16My special camera lets us see things in slow motion,
0:10:16 > 0:10:18so we can see in detail
0:10:18 > 0:10:22how the kneading machine twists and turns the bread.
0:10:22 > 0:10:26Look how the machine rolls the dough.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28It looks like a football.
0:10:28 > 0:10:33Once the pieces of bread dough have been kneaded, they need to rest.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36And this stage is called proofing.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39And it happens here, on these moving shelves.
0:10:40 > 0:10:44During proofing, the special ingredient, yeast,
0:10:44 > 0:10:46starts to work to make the dough rise.
0:10:46 > 0:10:49After about eight minutes the dough is dropped onto
0:10:49 > 0:10:53these conveyor belts, where it goes to get rolled.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59Proofed dough goes through a series of rollers,
0:10:59 > 0:11:03where it's shaped and rolled to be the right length.
0:11:03 > 0:11:05They look a bit like sausages, don't they?
0:11:07 > 0:11:10From here, the dough is dropped into baking tins
0:11:10 > 0:11:14and continues along the conveyor belt to another machine,
0:11:14 > 0:11:16which gently warms the dough.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19This makes the yeast work a second time
0:11:19 > 0:11:21so that the bread rises again.
0:11:21 > 0:11:23Here the bread comes now.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27Can you see how much bigger each loaf is?
0:11:27 > 0:11:30The yeast has worked inside the dough to make it rise.
0:11:30 > 0:11:34The dough is almost ready to be baked,
0:11:34 > 0:11:37but there's just time for a few finishing touches.
0:11:37 > 0:11:39That might be a dusting of flour on top,
0:11:39 > 0:11:42or, in this case, a sprinkling of seeds.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50The loaves are heading into this enormous oven.
0:11:50 > 0:11:55It's 39 metres long, and that's the same as four buses.
0:12:00 > 0:12:04The loaves stay in the oven for around 25 minutes,
0:12:04 > 0:12:06and then they come out here.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10Can you see they've turned a lovely golden-brown colour?
0:12:12 > 0:12:14PFFT-PFFT!
0:12:14 > 0:12:16Can you hear that noise?
0:12:16 > 0:12:23That's the sound of the loaves being sucked out of the baking tins.
0:12:23 > 0:12:27It sounds a bit like a steam train, doesn't it?
0:12:28 > 0:12:31The finished loaves are cooled, sliced...
0:12:34 > 0:12:36..put in packets...
0:12:38 > 0:12:42..and then taken in crates to the warehouse.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45Just look how much bread there is.
0:12:45 > 0:12:48It takes four hours to make a loaf of bread here,
0:12:48 > 0:12:50and now it's ready to go to the shops
0:12:50 > 0:12:55for people like you and me to buy and eat. Yum!
0:12:57 > 0:13:00What did you like most about seeing how bread is made?
0:13:00 > 0:13:05Can you remember the main ingredient of bread that comes from wheat?
0:13:05 > 0:13:07That's right, it's flour.
0:13:08 > 0:13:12Did you hear the machine that sucks up the loaves from the tins?
0:13:12 > 0:13:14PFFT-PFFT!
0:13:16 > 0:13:20And did you see the kneading machine slow down on my special camera?
0:13:26 > 0:13:29So, the next time you sit down to eat some bread,
0:13:29 > 0:13:31you'll know just how it's made.
0:13:31 > 0:13:35And you also know what happens inside an egg when it's cooked.
0:13:35 > 0:13:39I'm going to take this freshly-made loaf home with me for my lunch.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41I'll see you next time.
0:13:43 > 0:13:47# There are lots of things all around us
0:13:47 > 0:13:50# Exciting things that surround us
0:13:50 > 0:13:52# But how does it work?
0:13:52 > 0:13:54# Do you know?
0:13:54 > 0:13:56# How is it made?
0:13:56 > 0:13:57# Do you know?
0:13:57 > 0:13:59# Do you know? #
0:13:59 > 0:14:01Let's find out!