0:00:03 > 0:00:07# There are lots of things all around us
0:00:07 > 0:00:10# Exciting things that surround us
0:00:10 > 0:00:13- # But how does it work? - Do you know?
0:00:13 > 0:00:17- # How is it made? - Do you know?
0:00:17 > 0:00:20# Things that go up Things that go down
0:00:20 > 0:00:24# Things that go pop Things that go round
0:00:24 > 0:00:27# With special cameras to show you inside
0:00:27 > 0:00:30# It's going to be a big surprise
0:00:30 > 0:00:33- # But how does it work? - Do you know?
0:00:33 > 0:00:37- # How is it made? - Do you know?
0:00:37 > 0:00:40- # Do you know? - Let's find out. #
0:00:43 > 0:00:48Hello, I'm Maddie. And today I'm looking through all of these toys.
0:00:48 > 0:00:52This one is my favourite. It's a spinning top.
0:00:52 > 0:00:55What's your favourite toy?
0:00:55 > 0:00:59The other thing I like to play with is this train set.
0:00:59 > 0:01:05It's really fun. It's got tracks, people and even houses.
0:01:05 > 0:01:07But, first, I need to put it together.
0:01:17 > 0:01:23Ta-da! But no train set is complete without a train.
0:01:23 > 0:01:26And every train needs a carriage.
0:01:28 > 0:01:31What happened there? Shall we see it again?
0:01:31 > 0:01:35Let's add some more carriages. Blue one.
0:01:37 > 0:01:38Green one.
0:01:41 > 0:01:44Did you see how the carriages attached together?
0:01:44 > 0:01:47That's because of magnets. These little silver dots.
0:01:47 > 0:01:49Those are the magnets.
0:01:49 > 0:01:53And when you put the carriages together, they stick which
0:01:53 > 0:01:57means you can pull the train around the track like this.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05Wheeee! Under the bridge.
0:02:05 > 0:02:09When you finish playing, you just pull the carriages apart
0:02:09 > 0:02:13and the magnets become unstuck like this.
0:02:13 > 0:02:17But do you know how magnets work?
0:02:17 > 0:02:18Let's find out.
0:02:24 > 0:02:28Magnets are made of metal and they're really fun to play with.
0:02:28 > 0:02:32Look what happens when you put two magnets together.
0:02:32 > 0:02:35It feels like they're pulling towards each other until
0:02:35 > 0:02:38eventually, snap!
0:02:38 > 0:02:39They pull together.
0:02:39 > 0:02:41Did you hear the snap sound
0:02:41 > 0:02:43the magnets made?
0:02:43 > 0:02:46Look what happens if I turn it the other way round
0:02:46 > 0:02:49and use this magnet instead.
0:02:49 > 0:02:53No matter how hard I try to push them together,
0:02:53 > 0:02:56they just don't want to connect.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00This time it feels like they're pushing away from each other.
0:03:00 > 0:03:02Why does this happen?
0:03:04 > 0:03:06On the end of each train carriage are magnets.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09They look the same but are actually different.
0:03:09 > 0:03:13Every magnet has two sides, called poles.
0:03:13 > 0:03:16One side is called the North Pole and the other side
0:03:16 > 0:03:17is called the South Pole.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21And the whole magnet is surrounded by an invisible
0:03:21 > 0:03:23area called a magnetic field.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26When a North Pole magnet goes into the magnetic field
0:03:26 > 0:03:30of a South Pole magnet, they are pulled together.
0:03:30 > 0:03:32But when you turn them around,
0:03:32 > 0:03:37so the South Poles face each other, the magnetic field pushes them away.
0:03:37 > 0:03:40And the same happens if all the North Poles face each other.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42Only the opposites.
0:03:42 > 0:03:46A North and a South Pole will pull the magnets together.
0:03:46 > 0:03:50So although the magnets look the same, they're not.
0:03:50 > 0:03:54And it's only when the opposite, the North and South Pole are put near
0:03:54 > 0:03:59each other, do you feel the pulling and, snap, they come together.
0:03:59 > 0:04:03If you turn the magnet the other way round, so the poles are the same,
0:04:03 > 0:04:09instead, you feel the magnets pushing away from each other.
0:04:09 > 0:04:13And, look, it's actually moving the train all by itself.
0:04:13 > 0:04:17So that pulling you feel is the magnetic field around
0:04:17 > 0:04:23the magnets starting to work and this is called a magnetic force.
0:04:23 > 0:04:27But to show you how strong a magnetic force can really be,
0:04:27 > 0:04:29I've got some other magnets to show you.
0:04:31 > 0:04:32Here, I've got two magnets.
0:04:32 > 0:04:36This one has North and South Pole clearly marked.
0:04:36 > 0:04:40North is the red side and South is the blue side. I've also got this
0:04:40 > 0:04:46little silver magnet but I don't know which side is which.
0:04:46 > 0:04:48There's one way we can find out.
0:04:53 > 0:04:54Did you see that?
0:04:54 > 0:04:59The two magnets pulled together so that means this side
0:04:59 > 0:05:04of the silver magnet must be South because South and North Poles
0:05:04 > 0:05:09will pull together but it all happened really quickly, didn't it?
0:05:09 > 0:05:12I filmed this in super slow motion. Take a look.
0:05:16 > 0:05:18Look. As the magnets get close to each other,
0:05:18 > 0:05:23the magnetic fields start to work, pulling the opposite poles together.
0:05:25 > 0:05:29These little silver magnets are actually really strong.
0:05:29 > 0:05:33Now watch what happens when I run the North and South Pole
0:05:33 > 0:05:35magnet over the top.
0:05:38 > 0:05:44Wow. It looks like magic, doesn't it?
0:05:44 > 0:05:45That is so much fun.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48That's amazing.
0:05:48 > 0:05:51The magnetic force is so strong, it's making
0:05:51 > 0:05:54the little silver magnets jump high in the air to stick to
0:05:54 > 0:05:56the North Pole.
0:06:00 > 0:06:02I loved seeing how magnets worked.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04What was your favourite bit?
0:06:05 > 0:06:09Do you remember what you call the two ends of the magnet?
0:06:09 > 0:06:13That's right. They're called the North Pole and the South Pole.
0:06:13 > 0:06:17Did you hear the sound the magnets made when they came together?
0:06:17 > 0:06:18It was a big snap.
0:06:20 > 0:06:23And did you see the way the magnets jumped up high in the air
0:06:23 > 0:06:27when the North and South Poles were pulled together?
0:06:33 > 0:06:35I've finished with my train set
0:06:35 > 0:06:37so it's time to put it away in the toy box.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40But, look, here is Teddy.
0:06:40 > 0:06:44Hello, Teddy. Do you have a teddy bear?
0:06:44 > 0:06:46They're lovely and soft, aren't they?
0:06:46 > 0:06:50But do you know how a teddy bear is made?
0:06:52 > 0:06:53Let's find out.
0:06:58 > 0:07:02Well, I'm here in a big teddy bear shop.
0:07:02 > 0:07:05Just look at how many teddy bears there are.
0:07:05 > 0:07:09There are lots of different types of teddy bear.
0:07:09 > 0:07:14Today we're going to see how a teddy bear just like this one is made.
0:07:14 > 0:07:15Hello, Teddy.
0:07:15 > 0:07:19And making a teddy bear all starts with the fur.
0:07:19 > 0:07:23This teddy's fur is made from something called mohair which
0:07:23 > 0:07:24comes from goat.
0:07:24 > 0:07:27A type of goat called an angora goat.
0:07:29 > 0:07:33Next to the teddy bear shop is the teddy bear factory.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36And these are all the rolls of mohair.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39There are so many different colours.
0:07:40 > 0:07:44This is Ian and Ian's going to cut out the shape of
0:07:44 > 0:07:47the new teddy bears in the mohair, using this big machine.
0:07:48 > 0:07:53Ian uses a different cutter for each part of the teddy bear.
0:07:53 > 0:07:56And he's starting with the teddy bears' heads.
0:07:56 > 0:07:59It's like a giant set of biscuit cutters and uses the
0:07:59 > 0:08:01big machine as a press.
0:08:05 > 0:08:08Here we are. And, look,
0:08:08 > 0:08:12can you see the little holes here and here?
0:08:12 > 0:08:15That's where the teddy bear's eyes are going to go.
0:08:15 > 0:08:18Next, Ian cuts out some teddy bear bodies.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23And then he cuts out some arms and legs.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27Because each teddy bear has two arms and two legs, Ian puts
0:08:27 > 0:08:31one layer of mohair on top of the other so that when he starts
0:08:31 > 0:08:33cutting he gets two of everything,
0:08:33 > 0:08:37So this will become two teddy bear legs.
0:08:38 > 0:08:41When all the pieces have been cut out,
0:08:41 > 0:08:45they're taken to the next part of the factory - the sewing area.
0:08:45 > 0:08:48This lady here is sewing the teddy bear arms and legs and that
0:08:48 > 0:08:51lady is sewing the teddy bear heads.
0:08:54 > 0:08:59All of these pieces have been sewn. We have arms, legs and a body.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02But can you see that the fur is on the inside?
0:09:02 > 0:09:06That's because teddy bear parts are sewn inside out.
0:09:06 > 0:09:08So that when they're turned the right way out,
0:09:08 > 0:09:10all of the stitching is hidden.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14So the next stage is for all of these pieces to be turned
0:09:14 > 0:09:16the right way out.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21And look at this arm now.
0:09:21 > 0:09:25The fur is on the outside and the stitching is hidden on the inside.
0:09:25 > 0:09:27So we have two arms,
0:09:27 > 0:09:31two legs and a body but there's one part missing.
0:09:31 > 0:09:32Do you know what it is?
0:09:32 > 0:09:35That's right. It's the head.
0:09:35 > 0:09:38But before the head is turned the right way out,
0:09:38 > 0:09:41it needs a pair of eyes.
0:09:41 > 0:09:45The eyes are made of plastic and just look at all of them here.
0:09:45 > 0:09:48Don't they look funny staring back at us?
0:09:48 > 0:09:52Each eye is popped through the small hole in the teddy bear's head
0:09:52 > 0:09:54and then Sharon uses a special tool to pick up
0:09:54 > 0:09:58a bit of plastic called a washer and then she uses the tool to push
0:09:58 > 0:10:02the washer over the eye and it fixes it in place.
0:10:02 > 0:10:05And now if we turn this teddy's head the right way round,
0:10:05 > 0:10:07you can see the eyes.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10It's beginning to look like a teddy bear, isn't it?
0:10:10 > 0:10:13But all of these parts are really flat.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16This wouldn't make a very cuddly teddy bear.
0:10:16 > 0:10:19But that's because they need to be stuffed.
0:10:19 > 0:10:24All of this white fuzzy material is teddy bear stuffing
0:10:24 > 0:10:27and it's made from something called polyester.
0:10:27 > 0:10:31Let's use my special camera to take a closer look.
0:10:31 > 0:10:33But where is my special camera?
0:10:33 > 0:10:36Oh, here it is.
0:10:36 > 0:10:42This is a microscope and it helps us to see really, really tiny things.
0:10:43 > 0:10:48This is what the polyester stuffing looks like in close-up.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52Look at that. You can see all of the little hairs, can't you?
0:10:52 > 0:10:56It feels really soft but, actually, under the microscope,
0:10:56 > 0:10:59the little hairs look quite wiry.
0:10:59 > 0:11:02It looks a bit like noodles, doesn't it?
0:11:02 > 0:11:06But how do we get this stuffing inside a teddy bear?
0:11:07 > 0:11:10INFLATING
0:11:21 > 0:11:26Can you hear the sound the stuffing machine is making?
0:11:26 > 0:11:28It sounds like a balloon being blown up.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34And, here, we have one stuffed teddy leg.
0:11:34 > 0:11:36It feels nice and squishy now.
0:11:36 > 0:11:40So we have the flat body, stuffed arms, legs, and head.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43Before all of these can be joined together, something
0:11:43 > 0:11:45clever happens.
0:11:45 > 0:11:49And that's because these teddy bears have something called joints.
0:11:49 > 0:11:51You have joints in your body.
0:11:51 > 0:11:54You have joints at the top of your arms, called shoulders
0:11:54 > 0:11:57and joints at the top of your legs, called hips.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59And they mean you can move like this.
0:11:59 > 0:12:03And our teddy is going to have arms and legs which can move in
0:12:03 > 0:12:05the same way.
0:12:05 > 0:12:09The teddy bear joints are made with long pins which are sewn
0:12:09 > 0:12:12into the head, arms and legs.
0:12:12 > 0:12:16The pins are then attached to the body and fixed into place.
0:12:18 > 0:12:21Then it's time to fill up the body with stuffing.
0:12:23 > 0:12:24And here's Teddy.
0:12:24 > 0:12:29But he's got a hole in his back and he's missing his nose and his mouth.
0:12:29 > 0:12:32All of these get sewn over here.
0:12:40 > 0:12:43There we go. Much better.
0:12:43 > 0:12:46Now the fur is given a good brush. Then it's time for
0:12:46 > 0:12:51a trim and no teddy bear leaves the factory without a ribbon.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55There we go, Teddy. Looking good.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57One last important check.
0:12:57 > 0:12:59Yes, you are
0:12:59 > 0:13:00lovely and cuddly.
0:13:02 > 0:13:06I really loved seeing how a teddy bear was made.
0:13:06 > 0:13:08What was your favourite bit?
0:13:08 > 0:13:11Do you remember what the teddy's fur is made of?
0:13:11 > 0:13:14That's right. It's mohair.
0:13:14 > 0:13:18Did you hear the sound the stuffing machine made when it
0:13:18 > 0:13:19filled the teddy up?
0:13:20 > 0:13:23And did you see what the stuffing looked like
0:13:23 > 0:13:26close-up when I used my special camera?
0:13:30 > 0:13:33So the next time you play with a teddy bear,
0:13:33 > 0:13:36you'll know how lots of teddies are made.
0:13:36 > 0:13:38And how they get to be so cuddly.
0:13:38 > 0:13:41And now you know how magnets work.
0:13:41 > 0:13:45And how they stick the carriages of the toy train together.
0:13:45 > 0:13:48Right, Teddy, it's time we're off.
0:13:48 > 0:13:49I'll see you next time.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58# There are lots of things all around us
0:13:58 > 0:14:02# Exciting things that surround us
0:14:02 > 0:14:06- # But how does it work? - Do you know?
0:14:06 > 0:14:09- # How is it made? - Do you know?
0:14:09 > 0:14:12- # Do you know? - Let's find out. #