0:00:03 > 0:00:05# There are lots of things
0:00:05 > 0:00:06# All around us
0:00:06 > 0:00:08# Exciting things
0:00:08 > 0:00:10# That surround us
0:00:10 > 0:00:11How does it work?
0:00:11 > 0:00:13# Do you know?
0:00:13 > 0:00:15How is it made?
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# Do you know?
0:00:17 > 0:00:19# Things that go up
0:00:19 > 0:00:20# Things that go down
0:00:20 > 0:00:22# Things that go pop
0:00:22 > 0:00:24# Things that go round
0:00:24 > 0:00:25# With special cameras
0:00:25 > 0:00:27# To show you inside
0:00:27 > 0:00:30# It's going to be a big surprise
0:00:30 > 0:00:31But how does it work?
0:00:31 > 0:00:33# Do you know?
0:00:33 > 0:00:35How is it made?
0:00:35 > 0:00:37# Do you know?
0:00:37 > 0:00:38# Do you know? #
0:00:38 > 0:00:39Let's find out!
0:00:42 > 0:00:46Hello, I'm Maddie, and today I'm out and about doing some shopping.
0:00:46 > 0:00:48Do you like to go shopping?
0:00:50 > 0:00:54This shopping centre is full of shops, but some of them are
0:00:54 > 0:00:58on the floor below and some of them are on the floor above.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03And there's a clever way to help people get up and down.
0:01:08 > 0:01:11Do you know what this is?
0:01:11 > 0:01:13That's right, it's an escalator.
0:01:13 > 0:01:16A moving set of stairs.
0:01:16 > 0:01:20But do you know how an escalator works?
0:01:20 > 0:01:22Let's find out.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31Have you ever been on an escalator?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34I'm going to take this one to the floor below.
0:01:34 > 0:01:38To get on an escalator safely, you have to wait for a step to appear,
0:01:38 > 0:01:41hold on to the handrail and then quickly step on.
0:01:41 > 0:01:42Let's go.
0:01:47 > 0:01:52Now, can you see that I'm stood still, but I'm somehow moving?
0:01:52 > 0:01:55That's because the escalator is moving downwards and
0:01:55 > 0:01:57it's carrying me to the floor below.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05You should never play on an escalator,
0:02:05 > 0:02:08but I've got special permission to take a closer look.
0:02:08 > 0:02:12Can you see how the steps just disappear here at this metal,
0:02:12 > 0:02:16yellow edge? It looks a bit like a comb, doesn't it?
0:02:16 > 0:02:19The steps go underneath and disappear, but
0:02:19 > 0:02:23where do they go and where do the steps come from?
0:02:23 > 0:02:28Well, to find out, we need to look inside and underneath an escalator.
0:02:28 > 0:02:34Inside an escalator, the stairs are linked together in one big loop.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37It moves round and round.
0:02:37 > 0:02:41The stairs are attached to two sets of wheels called gears,
0:02:41 > 0:02:42one at the top,
0:02:42 > 0:02:45and one at the bottom.
0:02:45 > 0:02:47The gears at the top of the escalator
0:02:47 > 0:02:49are pulled round by chains.
0:02:49 > 0:02:52They look a bit like a bike chain.
0:02:52 > 0:02:55The gears at the bottom run along a track, like a train.
0:02:55 > 0:02:57TRAIN HORN
0:02:57 > 0:03:00The gears have teeth on them, and when they turn,
0:03:00 > 0:03:04they pull the loop of stairs around with them.
0:03:04 > 0:03:06Each step has small wheels on it.
0:03:06 > 0:03:10When a step reaches the top, the chain pulls the wheels around
0:03:10 > 0:03:13the gear until the step is flat again.
0:03:13 > 0:03:16It stays flat until it gets all the way back to the bottom,
0:03:16 > 0:03:18ready to go around again.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21Aren't escalators interesting?
0:03:21 > 0:03:24This is an escalator workshop and we've got special permission
0:03:24 > 0:03:28to be here, so that we can see what the underneath of a real-life,
0:03:28 > 0:03:31working escalator looks like.
0:03:31 > 0:03:36I'm going to use my special camera and light to look underneath
0:03:36 > 0:03:39the escalator and see what we can find.
0:03:39 > 0:03:44Let's start by reminding ourselves what the steps actually look like.
0:03:44 > 0:03:48The curved bit is the side of the step and then the flat bit is
0:03:48 > 0:03:52the top, but now, let's move underneath.
0:03:52 > 0:03:56This escalator is switched off, so I can safely put my camera underneath.
0:03:56 > 0:04:00Here, you can see the underside of the steps that you stand on.
0:04:00 > 0:04:04Can you see the curved side and the flat bit on top?
0:04:04 > 0:04:09And if we can see even further underneath, right here,
0:04:09 > 0:04:13that is where the steps are lying flat, ready to make their way
0:04:13 > 0:04:15back to the gear to be looped around.
0:04:15 > 0:04:18So, we need to see the gear, don't we?
0:04:20 > 0:04:23And this is the gear at the top of the escalator.
0:04:23 > 0:04:26It looks a bit like a giant bike chain, doesn't it?
0:04:26 > 0:04:30This escalator is set to move people downwards,
0:04:30 > 0:04:34so the gear will pull the steps all the way round from their
0:04:34 > 0:04:39flat position underneath to their shape as a step we can stand on.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45I want to see what this escalator looks like when it's working,
0:04:45 > 0:04:48so I'm going to put two special cameras underneath
0:04:48 > 0:04:50and then we can turn it on.
0:04:51 > 0:04:53Let's go.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57The first one will help us see the underside of the stairs
0:04:57 > 0:04:59as they move along.
0:05:00 > 0:05:05The second camera will help us see the big gear at the top in action.
0:05:08 > 0:05:11Right, the cameras are in place, I'm stood well away
0:05:11 > 0:05:14from the escalator, so it's time to turn it on.
0:05:14 > 0:05:16MECHANICAL RUMBLE
0:05:16 > 0:05:20Whoa! And there it goes.
0:05:20 > 0:05:21Did you hear that?
0:05:21 > 0:05:24That was the sound of the gear kicking into action and
0:05:24 > 0:05:28it's beginning to pull the steps round - but I think it sounds
0:05:28 > 0:05:31a bit like a spaceship taking off. MOTOR WHIRS
0:05:31 > 0:05:36So, you can see how the steps are being spun around the gear.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39They start off flat and then they unfold and become
0:05:39 > 0:05:42the shape of a step.
0:05:42 > 0:05:45Escalators can go in two directions - they can go down
0:05:45 > 0:05:47or they can go up.
0:05:47 > 0:05:51This escalator is going down, but shall we see it move the other way?
0:05:51 > 0:05:53RUMBLING STOPS
0:05:55 > 0:05:57RUMBLING RESUMES
0:05:57 > 0:05:59There's the sound of the spaceship again.
0:05:59 > 0:06:02So, this time, the steps are moving upwards.
0:06:04 > 0:06:08This time, they start as a step and then they get pulled round the
0:06:08 > 0:06:11gear and they move all the way down,
0:06:11 > 0:06:14underneath the escalator, to the gear at the bottom.
0:06:15 > 0:06:16Amazing!
0:06:19 > 0:06:23What was your favourite bit about seeing how an escalator worked?
0:06:23 > 0:06:26Do you remember what you call the two big wheels that
0:06:26 > 0:06:28pulled the steps around?
0:06:28 > 0:06:31That's right, they're called gears.
0:06:31 > 0:06:35Did you hear the sound of the gears made when they started moving?
0:06:35 > 0:06:38MECHANICAL RUMBLE
0:06:41 > 0:06:44And did you see the way the steps get flipped upside down
0:06:44 > 0:06:48and turned to the right way up when they come back round the loop again?
0:06:55 > 0:06:59So, the next time you see an escalator like this or go on
0:06:59 > 0:07:01one yourself, you'll know just how it works
0:07:01 > 0:07:04and what's going on underneath.
0:07:04 > 0:07:08Escalators are great for helping us move up and down inside
0:07:08 > 0:07:12a building, but, sometimes, we need to move heavy things around.
0:07:14 > 0:07:17There's something really useful that helps us to move
0:07:17 > 0:07:20things around outside.
0:07:20 > 0:07:21Do you know what it is?
0:07:25 > 0:07:28That's right, it's a wheelbarrow.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31Wheelbarrows have a great big wheel at the front,
0:07:31 > 0:07:35two handles and a large container called a pan.
0:07:35 > 0:07:38It makes it really easy for me to move all of this
0:07:38 > 0:07:40from one place to another.
0:07:41 > 0:07:42And then, when I'm ready,
0:07:42 > 0:07:46I can tip up the wheelbarrow and pour it all out.
0:07:48 > 0:07:50Wheelbarrows are really useful,
0:07:50 > 0:07:54but do you know how they're made?
0:07:54 > 0:07:55Let's find out.
0:08:00 > 0:08:05This is a wheelbarrow factory and inside are a lot of robots.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10All these robots are making different parts of a wheelbarrow.
0:08:10 > 0:08:14It's like they're doing some kind of dance, isn't it?
0:08:14 > 0:08:16But not everything is made by robots.
0:08:16 > 0:08:19People and robots have to work together.
0:08:22 > 0:08:26When a wheelbarrow is made, it starts off like this,
0:08:26 > 0:08:29as a sheet of metal called steel.
0:08:29 > 0:08:34Steel is really strong and it's used to make all sorts of things -
0:08:34 > 0:08:39like bridges, cars, even pots and pans.
0:08:39 > 0:08:42First, the sheet of steel is fed into this machine.
0:08:42 > 0:08:45CLANGING
0:08:45 > 0:08:51A huge weight presses down on the sheet and folds it around a mould.
0:08:51 > 0:08:53When the metal comes out at the other end,
0:08:53 > 0:08:56it's starting to look a little bit like a wheelbarrow.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59And now, it's time for the robots.
0:09:00 > 0:09:04This robot picks up the pan and passes it to another machine.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11It cuts around the side of the pan.
0:09:11 > 0:09:14The robot then collects the bits that are left over.
0:09:15 > 0:09:18It's a little bit like the bits of leftover pastry
0:09:18 > 0:09:20from when you use a pastry cutter.
0:09:24 > 0:09:28I love all these yellow robots and watching the way they cut
0:09:28 > 0:09:31the metal pan and swing it to the next machine.
0:09:31 > 0:09:36They know exactly when to pick it up and where to put it.
0:09:36 > 0:09:41The pan is put in this machine, which makes four holes in it.
0:09:41 > 0:09:46These holes will be used to attach the wheels and handlebars later on.
0:09:46 > 0:09:50In here are lots of long poles. They're made of steel, too,
0:09:50 > 0:09:53and they're going to become the wheelbarrows' handles.
0:09:53 > 0:09:57But how does something long and straight become two handles?
0:09:57 > 0:09:59LOUD METALLIC CLANGING
0:09:59 > 0:10:02Well, that's thanks to some more robots.
0:10:02 > 0:10:04And they're very noisy!
0:10:04 > 0:10:06CLANGING CONTINUES
0:10:08 > 0:10:10The first robot bends the ends of the pole
0:10:10 > 0:10:12to make a small, curved shape.
0:10:12 > 0:10:17Then it bends the whole thing in the middle to make a larger curve.
0:10:17 > 0:10:19And you end up with something like this.
0:10:19 > 0:10:21It's a funny shape, isn't it?
0:10:21 > 0:10:24But if you hold it in this position,
0:10:24 > 0:10:26you can see it's a pair of handlebars.
0:10:28 > 0:10:31I'm going to put one of my special cameras on the robot
0:10:31 > 0:10:33to see what it's like when it's working.
0:10:33 > 0:10:35Here goes.
0:10:38 > 0:10:42The robot is programmed like a computer to know exactly what to do.
0:10:45 > 0:10:49Look how that robot arm picks up the handle and knows
0:10:49 > 0:10:50exactly where to put it.
0:10:53 > 0:10:55Let's see what happens next.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59To connect all the bits of our wheelbarrow together,
0:10:59 > 0:11:02we need to use these. They're called fittings
0:11:02 > 0:11:05and they help fit things together,
0:11:05 > 0:11:08but we need to attach these to our handlebars.
0:11:08 > 0:11:11Come with me and I'll show you how they do it.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17FIZZING AND CRACKLING
0:11:17 > 0:11:18Whoa!
0:11:20 > 0:11:25This is called welding and it's a special way of attaching
0:11:25 > 0:11:26two pieces of metal together.
0:11:26 > 0:11:31That white spark is really, really hot and it melts the metal,
0:11:31 > 0:11:33so that they glue to one another.
0:11:34 > 0:11:36Woo!
0:11:36 > 0:11:40With all those sparks flying around, I have to stand well back.
0:11:40 > 0:11:41Look how bright that is!
0:11:41 > 0:11:45Can you see the sparkles? It's like a firework.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48It sounds like a firework too, doesn't it?
0:11:48 > 0:11:50FIZZING AND CRACKLING
0:11:54 > 0:11:58It's time for the finishing touches and the wheelbarrow handles
0:11:58 > 0:12:02are going to be given a coat of paint inside this machine.
0:12:04 > 0:12:07And here they are, coming out the other side.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10They've been sprayed with a powdered, grey paint,
0:12:10 > 0:12:13But before it's finished, they go into the oven.
0:12:13 > 0:12:15The oven bakes the paint
0:12:15 > 0:12:17so it goes shiny.
0:12:20 > 0:12:23Here they come. Don't they look shiny and new?
0:12:23 > 0:12:25Ready to be fitted together.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27But we're still missing one thing.
0:12:29 > 0:12:32Can you guess what all these wheelbarrows are missing?
0:12:32 > 0:12:36It's a wheel and it needs to be fixed to the wheelbarrow.
0:12:36 > 0:12:38Let's see how it's done.
0:12:40 > 0:12:43The handlebars are fixed to the pan by putting bolt through
0:12:43 > 0:12:46the holes that the robot made earlier.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49Next, the wheel is attached using a fitting.
0:12:49 > 0:12:51RATTLING
0:12:51 > 0:12:52And there we have it -
0:12:52 > 0:12:55a brand-new, shiny wheelbarrow.
0:12:58 > 0:13:02What was your favourite bit about seeing how a wheelbarrow was made?
0:13:04 > 0:13:08Do you remember what you call the metal that the wheelbarrow
0:13:08 > 0:13:09was made from?
0:13:09 > 0:13:12That's right, it's steel.
0:13:12 > 0:13:15Did you hear the sound that the welding made?
0:13:15 > 0:13:17FIZZING AND CRACKLING
0:13:18 > 0:13:23And did you see my special camera when I put it on the robot?
0:13:23 > 0:13:27We got to see everything the robot sees when it's busy working.
0:13:32 > 0:13:35So, the next time you see a wheelbarrow,
0:13:35 > 0:13:37you'll know just how it's made.
0:13:37 > 0:13:40And when you go on an escalator, you'll know how it works and
0:13:40 > 0:13:43how it carries people from one place to another.
0:13:43 > 0:13:47Right, I'm off to do some gardening, so from me and the robots...
0:13:47 > 0:13:50ELECTRICAL WHIR See you next time.
0:13:53 > 0:13:55# There are lots of things
0:13:55 > 0:13:56# All around us
0:13:56 > 0:13:58# Exciting things
0:13:58 > 0:14:00# That surround us
0:14:00 > 0:14:02How does it work?
0:14:02 > 0:14:03# Do you know?
0:14:03 > 0:14:05How is it made?
0:14:05 > 0:14:07# Do you know?
0:14:07 > 0:14:08# Do you know? #
0:14:23 > 0:14:25Let's find out!