0:00:03 > 0:00:07# There are lots of things all around us
0:00:07 > 0:00:10# Exciting things that surround us
0:00:10 > 0:00:13- # But how does it work? - Do you know?
0:00:13 > 0:00:17- # How is it made? - Do you know?
0:00:17 > 0:00:20# Things that go up, things that go down
0:00:20 > 0:00:23# Things that go pop! Things that go round
0:00:23 > 0:00:27# With special cameras to show you inside
0:00:27 > 0:00:30# It's going to be a big surprise
0:00:30 > 0:00:33- # But how does it work? - Do you know?
0:00:33 > 0:00:37- # How is it made? - Do you know?
0:00:37 > 0:00:40- # Do you know? - Let's find out! #
0:00:42 > 0:00:46Hello, I'm Maddie. And today, I'm going for a drive in the car.
0:00:52 > 0:00:53Off we go!
0:00:58 > 0:01:00Do you travel in a car?
0:01:00 > 0:01:03I really like to walk places,
0:01:03 > 0:01:06but when I need to go somewhere that's far away,
0:01:06 > 0:01:08the car will get me there quickly.
0:01:12 > 0:01:16There are lots of buttons, knobs and levers inside cars,
0:01:16 > 0:01:18and this is a steering wheel.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20When I turn it, the car turns too.
0:01:20 > 0:01:24And can you see down by feet? There are some pedals.
0:01:24 > 0:01:27And this one is called the accelerator.
0:01:27 > 0:01:30When I press it, the car goes faster.
0:01:30 > 0:01:32But if I want to stop or slow down,
0:01:32 > 0:01:34I press this pedal.
0:01:34 > 0:01:38It's called the brake. Shall we see them working?
0:01:38 > 0:01:39Let's take a look.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50I'm pressing the accelerator,
0:01:50 > 0:01:53and the car is going faster.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59And now, I'm pressing the brake, and the car stops.
0:02:01 > 0:02:05Brilliant! But how do car brakes stop the car?
0:02:05 > 0:02:08Do you know how car brakes work?
0:02:08 > 0:02:10Let's find out.
0:02:15 > 0:02:16BEEP BEEP!
0:02:24 > 0:02:27To see how car brakes work, I've come to a garage.
0:02:27 > 0:02:32A garage is a place you come to if a car needs to be checked or fixed.
0:02:32 > 0:02:35Have you ever been to a garage before?
0:02:35 > 0:02:37This is one of the car's wheels.
0:02:37 > 0:02:42This is the tyre, and the metal bit in the middle is called the rim.
0:02:42 > 0:02:47But if you look through the rim, can you see there's another metal disc?
0:02:47 > 0:02:50That is part of the car's brakes,
0:02:50 > 0:02:53but we can't see it very well, can we?
0:02:53 > 0:02:54I've got an idea.
0:02:54 > 0:02:58Paul is a mechanic, and he's going to help show us the car's brakes.
0:02:58 > 0:03:00LIFT WHIRS
0:03:06 > 0:03:09The car is being lifted on this special lift.
0:03:09 > 0:03:12This is how mechanics get under a car
0:03:12 > 0:03:15to safely fix things when they go wrong.
0:03:15 > 0:03:17Listen to the sound of it.
0:03:17 > 0:03:19LIFT WHIRS
0:03:21 > 0:03:23It's noisy, isn't it?
0:03:23 > 0:03:27And it must be really strong to lift an entire car!
0:03:27 > 0:03:30It's very high up, isn't it?
0:03:32 > 0:03:36Now the car is high up, we can get a better look at the brakes.
0:03:36 > 0:03:40You should never play in a garage or around cars,
0:03:40 > 0:03:44but I've got special permission to go underneath the car
0:03:44 > 0:03:46with my special camera.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52Wow! So, this is what the underneath
0:03:52 > 0:03:54of a car looks like.
0:03:54 > 0:03:58This is amazing! You never usually get to see this, do you?
0:03:58 > 0:04:01Look at all of the cables and bits of pipe.
0:04:02 > 0:04:06But, if we come to the front, we're looking for the brakes.
0:04:06 > 0:04:09And here is one of the car wheels.
0:04:09 > 0:04:13And this bit is the tyre, but if you look inside the wheel,
0:04:13 > 0:04:16can you see that metal circle?
0:04:16 > 0:04:19That is called the brake disc.
0:04:19 > 0:04:23And if you look just here, can you see that piece of metal?
0:04:23 > 0:04:25That is called a calliper,
0:04:25 > 0:04:29and the calliper fits either side of the brake disc.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31And inside the calliper,
0:04:31 > 0:04:34there are two things called brake pads.
0:04:34 > 0:04:38So the brake pads, the calliper, and the brake disc all make the car
0:04:38 > 0:04:40slow down and stop.
0:04:40 > 0:04:45But to find out how the brakes work, we need to look inside the car.
0:04:45 > 0:04:46BEEP BEEP!
0:04:46 > 0:04:47When a car is moving,
0:04:47 > 0:04:51the wheels on the car turn round.
0:04:51 > 0:04:55Behind each wheel is a metal circle called a brake disc.
0:04:55 > 0:04:59This goes round at the same speed as the wheel.
0:04:59 > 0:05:03To make the car slow down, the driver presses the brake pedal
0:05:03 > 0:05:06inside the car with their foot.
0:05:06 > 0:05:10The brake pedal moves a lever which pushes against
0:05:10 > 0:05:13a metal cylinder with springs inside it.
0:05:13 > 0:05:17As the springs are squeezed, a special liquid called brake fluid
0:05:17 > 0:05:18is released.
0:05:18 > 0:05:22The brake fluid travels down a pipe to the wheel
0:05:22 > 0:05:24and flows into the calliper.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27This pushes the brake pads onto the brake disc,
0:05:27 > 0:05:31and slows it down until the wheels and the car stop moving.
0:05:31 > 0:05:33BEEP BEEP!
0:05:33 > 0:05:35So, that's how brakes work.
0:05:35 > 0:05:38The mechanic has taken the car wheel off for us,
0:05:38 > 0:05:42so now we can clearly see the brake disc,
0:05:42 > 0:05:44the calliper,
0:05:44 > 0:05:46and the brake pads.
0:05:46 > 0:05:51But I've got some other brake pads for us to get a close look at.
0:05:54 > 0:05:57These are brake pads. One of them is new,
0:05:57 > 0:06:00and one of them is old.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03Do you know how we can tell which is which?
0:06:03 > 0:06:06Well, look at the size difference.
0:06:06 > 0:06:08This is the old one,
0:06:08 > 0:06:11and it's much, much thinner.
0:06:11 > 0:06:14That's because, as it's been used over time,
0:06:14 > 0:06:16it's worn away.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19Let's take a closer look at the surface of the brake pads
0:06:19 > 0:06:21using my special camera.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23This is a microscope,
0:06:23 > 0:06:26and it lets us see very small things in close detail.
0:06:26 > 0:06:30So, let's have a look at the new brake pad.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34Wow! Can you see, the surface is rough.
0:06:34 > 0:06:36It looks like lots of little stones.
0:06:36 > 0:06:38Almost like a road, doesn't it?
0:06:38 > 0:06:42And it's this rough surface that presses against the side of
0:06:42 > 0:06:45the brake disc, which slows down and stops our car.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49But now lets take a look at the old brake pad.
0:06:49 > 0:06:53This one is shiny and smooth where it's been used and worn down.
0:06:53 > 0:06:57Because it's shiny and smooth, it won't slow the brake disc down
0:06:57 > 0:07:00as quickly as the pad with the rough surface.
0:07:00 > 0:07:01It would be slippery.
0:07:01 > 0:07:06We want our brake pads to have a rough surface, like this.
0:07:08 > 0:07:11I loved seeing how car brakes worked.
0:07:11 > 0:07:13What was your favourite bit?
0:07:14 > 0:07:18Do you remember the name of the metal circle that spins around
0:07:18 > 0:07:20next to the car's wheel?
0:07:20 > 0:07:22That's right - it's the brake disc.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26Did you hear the sound the lift made when the car was lifted up
0:07:26 > 0:07:28so we could see underneath it?
0:07:28 > 0:07:31LIFT WHIRS
0:07:34 > 0:07:37And did you see what the brake pads looked like
0:07:37 > 0:07:40when I used my special camera?
0:07:48 > 0:07:52Fantastic. So, now you know how car brakes make a car stop.
0:07:56 > 0:07:59There are lots of types of car, aren't there?
0:07:59 > 0:08:01If you look around me, there are all sorts.
0:08:01 > 0:08:06They come in different colours. Some are big, and some are small.
0:08:06 > 0:08:10But do you know how cars are made?
0:08:10 > 0:08:11Let's find out.
0:08:17 > 0:08:19BEEP BEEP!
0:08:19 > 0:08:22Well, to find out how a car is made, I've come here,
0:08:22 > 0:08:25to a huge car factory.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29Every car here starts off as one of these...
0:08:29 > 0:08:32a big roll of metal called steel.
0:08:34 > 0:08:40The rolls of steel are loaded into a machine called a decoiler.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43It rolls the steel out and flattens it.
0:08:49 > 0:08:51The flattened steel is then cut into
0:08:51 > 0:08:55squares called blanks inside this machine.
0:08:55 > 0:08:57Listen to the sound it makes...
0:08:57 > 0:09:01CLACKEDY-CLACK!
0:09:01 > 0:09:04It sounds like a train going over tracks!
0:09:07 > 0:09:10Each blank goes through this machine.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12It's called a press.
0:09:12 > 0:09:15Inside, a heavy weight pushes down
0:09:15 > 0:09:17on the flat piece of metal
0:09:17 > 0:09:20to give it the shape of a car part.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23It's a bit like a very heavy stamp.
0:09:24 > 0:09:28But do you know what car parts these are going to be?
0:09:29 > 0:09:32Can you see? It's a car door.
0:09:33 > 0:09:36As well as car doors, the press cuts out bonnets,
0:09:36 > 0:09:38that's the front of the car,
0:09:38 > 0:09:43car roofs, and the long pieces that make the sides of the car.
0:09:45 > 0:09:46So many parts!
0:09:48 > 0:09:50It's amazing, isn't it?
0:09:50 > 0:09:54And all these cut-out car parts are called panels.
0:09:54 > 0:09:57When the panels are ready, they're taken to the
0:09:57 > 0:10:00next area of the factory, called the body shop.
0:10:00 > 0:10:04The body shop is HUGE, and this is where all the different
0:10:04 > 0:10:06parts of the car come together.
0:10:06 > 0:10:09But can you see that as well as production workers,
0:10:09 > 0:10:12there are lots and lots of robots?
0:10:15 > 0:10:19There is so much going on inside the body shop.
0:10:19 > 0:10:24I'm going to use my special camera to catch as much action as possible.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28Are you ready? Let's go.
0:10:30 > 0:10:33These robots are putting on the sides of the car.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39And these robots are doing something called welding,
0:10:39 > 0:10:42where they use very hot metal as glue
0:10:42 > 0:10:45to stick the panels together.
0:10:45 > 0:10:48The sparks look great, don't they?
0:10:48 > 0:10:51And these robots check the car over,
0:10:51 > 0:10:53before it's sent on to the next stage.
0:10:56 > 0:11:01When all the panels have been attached together, you get this.
0:11:01 > 0:11:02It's called the shell.
0:11:02 > 0:11:06It's really beginning to look like a car, isn't it?
0:11:07 > 0:11:12Next, the car shell has to be painted a colour.
0:11:12 > 0:11:15But first, it gets dipped in this big tank of liquid,
0:11:15 > 0:11:19which protects the car from the weather.
0:11:19 > 0:11:22When metal isn't protected from weather,
0:11:22 > 0:11:24like rain or snow,
0:11:24 > 0:11:28it goes rusty. Like these nails.
0:11:28 > 0:11:30They look brown and mucky, don't they?
0:11:30 > 0:11:34And we wouldn't want our car to look like that.
0:11:38 > 0:11:41After the cars have been dipped,
0:11:41 > 0:11:45these robots coat them with a layer of paint, called primer.
0:11:45 > 0:11:49Next, the car is sprayed with a top coat of paint.
0:11:50 > 0:11:54Can you guess what colour this car is going to be?
0:11:56 > 0:11:58This car is silver.
0:11:58 > 0:12:02And it looks lovely and shiny, doesn't it?
0:12:02 > 0:12:05But the car is still just a shell.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08What do you think is missing?
0:12:08 > 0:12:12This is the bottom part of the car, and it's called the buck.
0:12:12 > 0:12:15The buck is made up of the engine and the brakes.
0:12:15 > 0:12:18But where did all the shells go?
0:12:24 > 0:12:27The shell is lowered down onto the buck
0:12:27 > 0:12:31and the two parts of the car are fixed together.
0:12:31 > 0:12:35This part of the factory is called the general assembly line,
0:12:35 > 0:12:39and it's where the production workers put the car together.
0:12:39 > 0:12:41First, they put in the dashboard.
0:12:41 > 0:12:44The dashboard is the bit at the front of the car
0:12:44 > 0:12:48where there are lots of buttons and dials.
0:12:48 > 0:12:50Then, it's time for the seats.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55The wheels are fitted.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58And don't forget the steering wheel!
0:12:58 > 0:13:02Finally, the cars are tested to make sure they're safe to drive.
0:13:02 > 0:13:06And here it is, one finished car ready to be driven away.
0:13:08 > 0:13:13What was your favourite bit about seeing how a car is made?
0:13:14 > 0:13:18Do you remember the name of the metal used to make the cars?
0:13:18 > 0:13:20That's right - it's steel.
0:13:20 > 0:13:24Did you hear the sound the machine made when it cut the steel
0:13:24 > 0:13:26into shapes?
0:13:26 > 0:13:28CLACKEDY-CLACK!
0:13:28 > 0:13:31And did you see the car being dipped into
0:13:31 > 0:13:34a big tank to protect it from rusting?
0:13:39 > 0:13:42So, the next time you see a car, or go for a ride in one,
0:13:42 > 0:13:46you'll know how it's made. And now you know how car brakes work.
0:13:46 > 0:13:49I'll see you next time.
0:13:50 > 0:13:53# There are lots of things all around us
0:13:53 > 0:13:57# Exciting things that surround us
0:13:57 > 0:14:00- # But how does it work? - Do you know?
0:14:00 > 0:14:04- # How is it made? - Do you know?
0:14:04 > 0:14:07- # Do you know? - Let's find out! #