0:00:04 > 0:00:06# There are lots of things All around us
0:00:06 > 0:00:10# Exciting things That surround us
0:00:10 > 0:00:12# But how does it work?
0:00:12 > 0:00:13# Do you know?
0:00:13 > 0:00:15# How is it made?
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# Do you know?
0:00:17 > 0:00:20# Things that go up Things that go down
0:00:20 > 0:00:23# Things that go pop! Things that go round
0:00:23 > 0:00:27# With special cameras To show you inside
0:00:27 > 0:00:30# It's going to be A big surprise
0:00:30 > 0:00:32# But how does it work?
0:00:32 > 0:00:34# Do you know?
0:00:34 > 0:00:35# How is it made?
0:00:35 > 0:00:37# Do you know?
0:00:37 > 0:00:38# Do you know?
0:00:38 > 0:00:40# Let's find out! #
0:00:44 > 0:00:49Hello, I'm Maddie. And today, I'm looking in the garden for two cats.
0:00:49 > 0:00:53Have you seen them anywhere?
0:00:53 > 0:00:56They're not under the tree.
0:00:56 > 0:01:00And they're not on their favourite spot, on the fence.
0:01:02 > 0:01:07I know how we can find them! I wonder if they're hungry.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10Cats make great pets, don't they?
0:01:10 > 0:01:14The cats like to be outside in the garden, hiding and exploring,
0:01:14 > 0:01:17but there is something else they like...
0:01:17 > 0:01:20lunch.
0:01:20 > 0:01:24What's this? Ready, steady... What's that?
0:01:24 > 0:01:27This is Madison.
0:01:27 > 0:01:29And this is Malaika.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31And there's something really clever that
0:01:31 > 0:01:34means the cats can come in and out of the house
0:01:34 > 0:01:38whenever they like. Do you know what it is?
0:01:38 > 0:01:41That's right, it's a cat flap.
0:01:41 > 0:01:44It's like a little door just for cats.
0:01:44 > 0:01:48But do you know how a cat flap works?
0:01:48 > 0:01:49Let's find out.
0:01:54 > 0:01:57To show you how a cat flap works, let's see if we can get
0:01:57 > 0:01:59Madison and Malaika to use it.
0:01:59 > 0:02:02They like to sneak in and out throughout the day,
0:02:02 > 0:02:05so I'm going to set up two special cameras.
0:02:05 > 0:02:09One on the inside...
0:02:09 > 0:02:11and one outside.
0:02:11 > 0:02:15They like to come out to play after they've had their lunch.
0:02:15 > 0:02:18Watch what happens.
0:02:18 > 0:02:21Our cameras are all set up.
0:02:21 > 0:02:23Oh, look - here's Madison.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27Is she going to get through?
0:02:27 > 0:02:29Yes! She's in.
0:02:29 > 0:02:31Oh, that was fast, wasn't it?
0:02:31 > 0:02:36I tell you what, let's watch it again, this time in slow motion.
0:02:36 > 0:02:40Watch how Madison pushes it open with her nose!
0:02:43 > 0:02:47Did you hear the sound that the cat flap made when the
0:02:47 > 0:02:48door opened and closed?
0:02:48 > 0:02:50Listen again.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52CLICK!
0:02:52 > 0:02:55It sounds like a click, doesn't it?
0:02:55 > 0:02:57CLICK!
0:02:58 > 0:03:03The cat flap opens - like that - for Madison and Malaika,
0:03:03 > 0:03:07but look what happens if I try to open it. Does it work?
0:03:07 > 0:03:11No. Why do you think that is?
0:03:11 > 0:03:16That's because this cat flap will only work for Madison and Malaika.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19But how does the cat flap know who they are?
0:03:19 > 0:03:22It's because of this. It's called a microchip.
0:03:22 > 0:03:26And this - a sensor on the cat flap.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29Let's see how it works.
0:03:29 > 0:03:32Both Madison and Malaika had a microchip put underneath
0:03:32 > 0:03:34their fur by the vet.
0:03:34 > 0:03:39It didn't hurt them and it's very small, so they can't feel it at all.
0:03:39 > 0:03:43Their microchips have the same special number on them.
0:03:43 > 0:03:49This number is also on the sensor inside the cat flap. So, they match.
0:03:49 > 0:03:52When one of the cats goes up to their cat flap,
0:03:52 > 0:03:55the sensor inside scans the microchip by their neck,
0:03:55 > 0:03:59just like we scan our shopping at the supermarket checkout.
0:03:59 > 0:04:02BEEP-BEEP-BEEP! When it sees there is a match,
0:04:02 > 0:04:05a small lock inside the cat flap is unlocked.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08So when they push the flap with their head,
0:04:08 > 0:04:11the flap swings open to let them through.
0:04:11 > 0:04:15The same happens when they want to come home.
0:04:15 > 0:04:19But the cat flaps only opens for Madison and Malaika.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22If any other cats come along, they can't get in,
0:04:22 > 0:04:26because they don't have the same matching number.
0:04:27 > 0:04:33The microchip is tiny. It's only a bit bigger than a grain of rice.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38In fact, it's so small, I've got a special camera with me,
0:04:38 > 0:04:43a microscope, which will let us see it in close up.
0:04:43 > 0:04:44Oh, look at that.
0:04:47 > 0:04:52Isn't it incredible that something so tiny can open and close
0:04:52 > 0:04:53a cat flap.
0:04:53 > 0:04:57To show you what the microchip looks like inside a cat,
0:04:57 > 0:05:00I have a special photo called an X-ray.
0:05:00 > 0:05:05An X-ray is a special picture that lets us see what we look like
0:05:05 > 0:05:09under our skin. And this is an X-ray of a cat.
0:05:09 > 0:05:12Look - you can see under the you can see under the cat's skin.
0:05:12 > 0:05:17Look at all of its bones. And can you see that white blob there?
0:05:17 > 0:05:21That is the microchip. It's tiny, isn't it?
0:05:24 > 0:05:28Madison and Malaika love their cat flap.
0:05:28 > 0:05:30They're in and out all day.
0:05:34 > 0:05:37What was your favourite bit about seeing how a cat flap worked?
0:05:37 > 0:05:41Do you remember what you called the special device that goes
0:05:41 > 0:05:45under Madison and Malaika's fur and let's them in the cat flap?
0:05:45 > 0:05:48That's right - it's a microchip.
0:05:48 > 0:05:52Did you hear the sound the cat flap made when it opened?
0:05:52 > 0:05:55CLICK!
0:05:55 > 0:06:00And did you see the X-ray showing the microchip in the cat's body?
0:06:06 > 0:06:09So, next time you see a cat use a cat flap,
0:06:09 > 0:06:12you'll know just how it works.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16Awww, her fur is so lovely and soft.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19The fur helps keep the cat warm when it's outside,
0:06:19 > 0:06:25but we don't have fur, do we? So, how do we stay warm?
0:06:25 > 0:06:27I like to wear a woolly hat.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32But do you know where wool comes from?
0:06:32 > 0:06:35How is a woolly hat made?
0:06:36 > 0:06:38Let's find out.
0:06:46 > 0:06:50Your woolly hat starts off in a place like this - a sheep farm.
0:06:50 > 0:06:52SHEEP BLEAT AND BAA
0:06:52 > 0:06:56And that's the wool that makes your woolly hat actually comes
0:06:56 > 0:06:58from a sheep's coat.
0:06:58 > 0:07:02And there are a lot of sheep here.
0:07:02 > 0:07:04Here we go.
0:07:04 > 0:07:06SHE LAUGHS
0:07:09 > 0:07:12This is Lewis, and he's going to show us how you
0:07:12 > 0:07:14get wool from a sheep.
0:07:14 > 0:07:18The first thing Lewis does is to clip the woolly coat off the sheep,
0:07:18 > 0:07:19and to do that he uses this.
0:07:19 > 0:07:24It's called a shear...to do something called shearing.
0:07:29 > 0:07:32The sheep are sheared one by one.
0:07:32 > 0:07:34The sheep is held very still,
0:07:34 > 0:07:39and Lewis snips away quickly so that all the woolly coat is cut off.
0:07:39 > 0:07:42A shear is a bit like a pair of scissors. Can you see?
0:07:42 > 0:07:45Lewis is using it to cut the wool off the sheep.
0:07:45 > 0:07:47But it doesn't hurt the sheep at all,
0:07:47 > 0:07:50it's just like having your hair cut.
0:07:52 > 0:07:56Can you hear the sound of the shears? What does it sound like?
0:07:56 > 0:07:58BUZZZ!
0:07:58 > 0:08:02I think it sounds just like a small engine.
0:08:09 > 0:08:11And this is what we're left with.
0:08:11 > 0:08:15The wool that comes off the sheep is called a fleece.
0:08:15 > 0:08:17The sheep will grow a new woolly coat,
0:08:17 > 0:08:22just like how you grow your hair back after you've had a haircut.
0:08:22 > 0:08:27But this fleece doesn't look much like a woolly hat, does it?
0:08:27 > 0:08:31To find out what happens next, I have to go somewhere else.
0:08:33 > 0:08:36This is a mill, where they make all sorts of things from wool.
0:08:36 > 0:08:38I've brought a fleece with me,
0:08:38 > 0:08:42so let's go and find out what happens next.
0:08:42 > 0:08:46When the fleeces arrive at the mill, they're weighed and then sorted.
0:08:46 > 0:08:50Sue here is going through and sorting each fleece by hand.
0:08:50 > 0:08:54She's picking out any mucky bits that got onto the sheep
0:08:54 > 0:08:55whilst he was in the field.
0:08:55 > 0:08:59This fleece here has a bit of blue spray paint on it.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02That's from where the farmer has sprayed a number onto the
0:09:02 > 0:09:05sheep so he didn't lose it in the field.
0:09:05 > 0:09:07The wool is washed...
0:09:07 > 0:09:09rinsed...
0:09:09 > 0:09:13and then the water is squeezed out by rollers.
0:09:13 > 0:09:17The wool is now clean. It just needs to be dried out in a tumble dryer.
0:09:17 > 0:09:21You might have one at home, but this is a lot bigger.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24After the fleece has had a really good wash,
0:09:24 > 0:09:26it's put into this machine.
0:09:26 > 0:09:29It's called a fearnought machine, and I think it looks
0:09:29 > 0:09:33a bit like a green dinosaur with big teeth!
0:09:33 > 0:09:36The teeth pull apart the fleece to get rid of any knots.
0:09:36 > 0:09:40A bit like when you brush your hair.
0:09:40 > 0:09:44On the next machine, the wool is fed through huge rollers,
0:09:44 > 0:09:47which are covered in smaller teeth.
0:09:47 > 0:09:52The teeth brush out the wool, and also make sure that any last
0:09:52 > 0:09:56bits of hay or seeds from the field can be taken out.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04But everything's happening so fast.
0:10:04 > 0:10:09Let's use my special slow motion camera to slow everything
0:10:09 > 0:10:11down and get a better look.
0:10:15 > 0:10:20Look at the teeth brushing out the wool. Isn't it clever?
0:10:25 > 0:10:29This is what the wool looks like when it comes off the rollers.
0:10:29 > 0:10:32These are called slubbings,
0:10:32 > 0:10:34which is my new favourite word!
0:10:34 > 0:10:38It's beginning to look like the wool you might make a hat with, but it's
0:10:38 > 0:10:43not ready yet, because it breaks too easily, it's not strong enough.
0:10:43 > 0:10:45So, first, it has to be spun.
0:10:47 > 0:10:50The wool is added to this big spinning frame,
0:10:50 > 0:10:54and as each piece is pulled out, it's twisted round and round.
0:10:54 > 0:10:58And at the other end we get this. It's called yarn.
0:11:00 > 0:11:02The yarn is quite thin.
0:11:02 > 0:11:05To give it extra strength and make it thicker,
0:11:05 > 0:11:09four strands are twisted together.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13When the wool comes off the twisting machine, it looks like this.
0:11:13 > 0:11:16You can see how much stronger it and thicker it is.
0:11:16 > 0:11:20This is called plied yarn, and it's what people use to knit with.
0:11:20 > 0:11:25Things like jumpers, scarves, or woolly hats.
0:11:25 > 0:11:29But not everything we wear is the same colour as a sheep.
0:11:29 > 0:11:33So what we need is a bit of colour.
0:11:39 > 0:11:43This is the part of the factory where the yarn can be turned
0:11:43 > 0:11:48into lots of different colours. And this stage is called dying.
0:11:49 > 0:11:54Blue liquid called dye is added to hot water to make it blue.
0:11:54 > 0:11:58Now the yarn is being dipped into the blue water where it's
0:11:58 > 0:12:00going to stay for three whole hours!
0:12:06 > 0:12:09Three hours later, the wool is ready to come out.
0:12:12 > 0:12:15And when it's finished, it looks like that.
0:12:15 > 0:12:17What an amazing blue colour.
0:12:24 > 0:12:28Here is lots of wool that has already been turned into
0:12:28 > 0:12:31different colours and rolled into small balls.
0:12:31 > 0:12:34Now, I think it's time to make a woolly hat.
0:12:34 > 0:12:38But do you know what colour hat I usually wear?
0:12:38 > 0:12:43That's right - a red hat! So, we need some red wool.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49Paula is making me a woolly hat,
0:12:49 > 0:12:52and she's doing something called knitting.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55You might know someone who knits.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58It's very clever, and Paula's very fast at it.
0:13:03 > 0:13:08Here we are - a brand-new, bright red, woolly hat.
0:13:08 > 0:13:09How do I look?
0:13:11 > 0:13:15What did you like most about seeing how a woolly hat was made?
0:13:15 > 0:13:18Do you remember what you call the wool when it's
0:13:18 > 0:13:20been taken off the sheep?
0:13:20 > 0:13:23That's right - it's called a fleece.
0:13:23 > 0:13:26Did you hear the sound of the sheep being sheared?
0:13:26 > 0:13:28BUZZZ!
0:13:28 > 0:13:33And did you see the teeth brush out the wool on my slow motion camera?
0:13:39 > 0:13:43So, the next time you wear a hat, scarf, or woolly jumper,
0:13:43 > 0:13:46remember that it was made from yarn that came
0:13:46 > 0:13:47from a sheep's woolly coat.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49- Thank you, sheep!- Baaaaa!
0:13:49 > 0:13:51See you next time.
0:13:53 > 0:13:57# There are lots of things All around us
0:13:57 > 0:13:59# Exciting things
0:13:59 > 0:14:00# That surround us
0:14:00 > 0:14:02# But how does it work?
0:14:02 > 0:14:04# Do you know?
0:14:04 > 0:14:06# How is it made?
0:14:06 > 0:14:07# Do you know?
0:14:07 > 0:14:09# Do you know?
0:14:09 > 0:14:11# Let's find out! #