0:00:02 > 0:00:06# Come join us down on the farm today
0:00:06 > 0:00:10# Learn about nature along the way
0:00:10 > 0:00:13# From seeds to crops and field to barn
0:00:13 > 0:00:15# So much to do down on the farm
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# Summer, autumn, winter, spring
0:00:17 > 0:00:20# Ploughing, planting, harvesting
0:00:20 > 0:00:24# With JB and Storm to lead the way
0:00:24 > 0:00:28# Come join us down on the farm today. #
0:00:29 > 0:00:32Hello. I'm JB and welcome to Down On The Farm.
0:00:32 > 0:00:35Most of the crops in the fields have been harvested,
0:00:35 > 0:00:38but there's still a lot to do down on the farm in autumn.
0:00:38 > 0:00:42While I help out on this farm, you can see what Storm's been up to.
0:00:55 > 0:00:59I've come to learn how you can turn this sheep-coloured yarn
0:00:59 > 0:01:03into colourful woollen clothing like this.
0:01:03 > 0:01:08Yarn is made by spinning sheep fleeces into long threads.
0:01:08 > 0:01:10Hi, Pam. And this must be Jamie and Freya.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12ALL: Hi, Storm.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15Now, I see you've already started. What are you up to?
0:01:15 > 0:01:20- We're washing the yarn. Can you help us?- Great. I'd love to.
0:01:20 > 0:01:25The yarn needs to be clean and damp before we add the colours.
0:01:26 > 0:01:29So now the wool's clean, what do we need to do next?
0:01:29 > 0:01:33We're going to colour the wool with dyes, and these can
0:01:33 > 0:01:37- stain our skin, so we have to wear gloves to protect our hands.- Ready!
0:01:37 > 0:01:42- You can pick your first colour.- Oh, I think I'll go for yellow first.
0:01:42 > 0:01:43It'll match my gloves.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46- Make sure I get plenty on there. - There we go.
0:01:46 > 0:01:49What do you do once you've squirted it on?
0:01:49 > 0:01:53- You just squish it into the wool. - Like this?- Yeah.
0:01:53 > 0:01:56What colour do you think you'll go for next?
0:01:56 > 0:01:58- I think maybe blue.- Blue.
0:02:00 > 0:02:02Oh, you're doing that really well.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05Jamie, why do you like dyeing the wool?
0:02:05 > 0:02:08Cos you're excited to see what pattern you're doing
0:02:08 > 0:02:12and when it's ready you can see what it's like.
0:02:15 > 0:02:19I mixed red and blue to make purple.
0:02:19 > 0:02:22That's it. Keep covering it. That looks good.
0:02:22 > 0:02:25We keep going until all the yarn is covered with dye.
0:02:28 > 0:02:30Then we wrap it up.
0:02:35 > 0:02:39Well, that's them all wrapped up. Jamie, what do they look like?
0:02:39 > 0:02:41A rainbow sausage.
0:02:41 > 0:02:46The wool is heated for a few minutes until it soaks up all the dye.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48Then we leave it to cool.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51Then we wash it again until the water is clear.
0:02:54 > 0:02:57This means all the dye has soaked into the wool.
0:02:57 > 0:03:00Now we have to hang them up to dry.
0:03:04 > 0:03:08When the colourful wool is dry, it will be ready to knit with.
0:03:12 > 0:03:14Well, while we wait for our wool to dry,
0:03:14 > 0:03:19why don't you find out what other colourful things happen in autumn?
0:03:21 > 0:03:24In autumn, grey squirrels are often seen gathering nuts
0:03:24 > 0:03:28and seeds to eat or hide for winter.
0:03:28 > 0:03:32The urge to find food can make some of them very bold.
0:03:32 > 0:03:34But when they're on the ground,
0:03:34 > 0:03:37these little animals are always on the lookout for danger.
0:03:37 > 0:03:43Any fox, cat, or dog might try to catch a squirrel to eat,
0:03:43 > 0:03:44or just for fun.
0:03:44 > 0:03:47All squirrels are very fast movers, though,
0:03:47 > 0:03:52and will race up the nearest tree at the first sign of trouble.
0:03:52 > 0:03:54They have amazing climbing skills.
0:03:54 > 0:03:58Long, curved claws help them to grip the bark.
0:03:58 > 0:04:01Their super-bendy joints let them hang upside down,
0:04:01 > 0:04:05and scramble down tree trunks head first.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08Red squirrels are brilliant climbers too.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11They can be seen in some parts of the UK,
0:04:11 > 0:04:14and spend even more time in the trees than grey squirrels do.
0:04:14 > 0:04:16They are very light,
0:04:16 > 0:04:20and can crawl and leap between the thinnest branches.
0:04:20 > 0:04:23All squirrels build cosy nests called dreys,
0:04:23 > 0:04:25where they rest and sleep.
0:04:25 > 0:04:28They feel nice and safe here, high in the treetops.
0:04:32 > 0:04:36Autumn is my favourite time of year to explore trees,
0:04:36 > 0:04:39and not just because of their colourful leaves.
0:04:39 > 0:04:43Today, I'm at a park in Nottingham to find out all about these.
0:04:43 > 0:04:45Tree seeds.
0:04:45 > 0:04:46This is Steve.
0:04:46 > 0:04:51He's a park ranger, and today I'm going to join him and his helpers.
0:04:51 > 0:04:53Hi, guys.
0:04:53 > 0:04:54ALL: Hi, JB.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57Steve, why are we collecting tree seeds?
0:04:57 > 0:05:00Trees drop their seeds in the autumns so they can spread
0:05:00 > 0:05:02and grow into new trees.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06We're collecting seeds to plant in pots, so we can help them grow.
0:05:06 > 0:05:11- So what have we got here?- We've got some seeds from this maple tree.
0:05:11 > 0:05:16Great. Well, I'll help you collect some more. Come on, then.
0:05:22 > 0:05:24I found a ladybird on some leaves.
0:05:26 > 0:05:29I wonder what other seeds we can find.
0:05:31 > 0:05:32Look, it's inside!
0:05:32 > 0:05:35- Do you know what it is?- It's a conker!
0:05:35 > 0:05:40That's right. It's a conker, and that's from a horse chestnut tree.
0:05:46 > 0:05:50It's tricky to spot acorns under this big oak tree.
0:05:52 > 0:05:56- Can't find any acorns.- I think the squirrels have had them all.
0:05:56 > 0:05:59- Should we go and plant our conkers? - Yes.- Come on, then.
0:05:59 > 0:06:02Now we have all collected some seeds,
0:06:02 > 0:06:04it's time to plant them into pots.
0:06:04 > 0:06:08- Steve, are these seeds all ready to plant?- Not quite.
0:06:08 > 0:06:11First, we need to make sure that the seeds are healthy,
0:06:11 > 0:06:15- and haven't been eaten by insects. - Well, let's get checking.
0:06:15 > 0:06:19To test if the conkers are healthy, we drop them into some water.
0:06:19 > 0:06:23If they float, the insect has eaten the inside.
0:06:23 > 0:06:25These ones are not healthy.
0:06:28 > 0:06:31They sink to the bottom, they're nice and healthy.
0:06:31 > 0:06:35The seeds we are planting will grow in the pots until they are big
0:06:35 > 0:06:40enough to be transferred into the ground around the park.
0:06:48 > 0:06:50Here's a seed we planted last year.
0:06:50 > 0:06:53It could take 40 years for it to grow into a big oak tree
0:06:53 > 0:06:55to grow its own acorns.
0:06:55 > 0:07:00Maybe the seeds we plant today will one day turn into trees.
0:07:00 > 0:07:03While we finish planting the rest of these seeds,
0:07:03 > 0:07:08why don't you listen to a poem about the beautiful colours of autumn?
0:07:11 > 0:07:13Look up at autumn trees
0:07:13 > 0:07:15How many colours can we see?
0:07:17 > 0:07:19Mellow yellow
0:07:19 > 0:07:20A red so bold
0:07:22 > 0:07:24Gleaming copper tinged with gold
0:07:27 > 0:07:30Down upon the autumn ground
0:07:30 > 0:07:33Is a leafy layer of rusty brown
0:07:34 > 0:07:36Toadstools white
0:07:36 > 0:07:37And red as well
0:07:39 > 0:07:42Chestnuts in their greeny shells
0:07:44 > 0:07:47Sea berries shine like jewels so bright
0:07:48 > 0:07:50Ruby red and black as night
0:07:53 > 0:07:56So many colours to explore
0:07:56 > 0:07:59When autumn's just outside your door.
0:08:04 > 0:08:06BEEP BEEP!
0:08:07 > 0:08:11Today, I'm in Norfolk at a farm that has over 100 pear trees.
0:08:14 > 0:08:16- Hi, Farmer Charlotte.- Hi, JB.
0:08:16 > 0:08:19How many different pears do you grow here?
0:08:19 > 0:08:22We grow three different types of pears.
0:08:22 > 0:08:25They ripen in the autumn, so you're here at the perfect time.
0:08:25 > 0:08:29- Would you like to help us pick some? - Yes, please.- Great!
0:08:29 > 0:08:31There are lots of pear trees.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34So Ronnie, Betsy, Evie, and Wolf have come to help.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37How do we know when the pears are ripe?
0:08:37 > 0:08:40So, when they're easy to pull off the branches
0:08:40 > 0:08:42and they start to fall to the ground.
0:08:42 > 0:08:45Just twist them at the top and pull them off.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56What kind of pears are these?
0:08:56 > 0:08:58- Comice pears.- And what shape are they?
0:08:58 > 0:09:00They're big and round.
0:09:06 > 0:09:08Wow, I got two mega ones.
0:09:12 > 0:09:15Hi, guys. What kind of pears are these?
0:09:15 > 0:09:16Concorde.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19They look long and thin, don't they?
0:09:23 > 0:09:26What pears are you picking, Charlotte?
0:09:26 > 0:09:29These are conference pears. They look like tear drops.
0:09:29 > 0:09:32We've got lots of great-looking pears here,
0:09:32 > 0:09:35but what are we going to do with them all?
0:09:35 > 0:09:37So we'll keep some for later, and
0:09:37 > 0:09:40use the rest to make a refreshing treat. Who's thirsty?
0:09:40 > 0:09:42ALL: Me!
0:09:48 > 0:09:49What are we making today?
0:09:49 > 0:09:51ALL: Pear juice!
0:09:51 > 0:09:54So has everyone got a washed, juicy pear?
0:09:54 > 0:09:55ALL: Yes!
0:09:55 > 0:10:00To juice the pears, we wash them and chop off the stems.
0:10:00 > 0:10:02- Go on, Wolfie.- Thank you.
0:10:02 > 0:10:06Then put them in the juicer and whizz them all up.
0:10:21 > 0:10:23Time to try some tasty pear juice.
0:10:24 > 0:10:25This is yummy.
0:10:25 > 0:10:28While we're enjoying these refreshing drinks,
0:10:28 > 0:10:32why don't you find out what else happens in autumn?
0:10:37 > 0:10:38MOO!
0:10:40 > 0:10:42In autumn, the weather gets colder
0:10:42 > 0:10:45and it's harder for birds to find food.
0:10:45 > 0:10:49You can help them by making cereal bunting and seedy snacks.
0:10:50 > 0:10:55For the bunting, thread some cereal onto string,
0:10:55 > 0:10:58and then hang it outside.
0:10:58 > 0:11:00To make the seedy snacks,
0:11:00 > 0:11:03spread some peanut butter onto a piece of apple
0:11:03 > 0:11:06and sprinkle with seeds.
0:11:06 > 0:11:08Tie it up with string onto a branch.
0:11:10 > 0:11:12Enjoy being out and about.
0:11:16 > 0:11:18MOO!
0:11:18 > 0:11:22Today, we've come to a farm in Norfolk to meet farmer Bill.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27He's harvesting something sweet.
0:11:27 > 0:11:28This is sugar beet.
0:11:28 > 0:11:32It's a vegetable, but you don't eat it like other vegetables.
0:11:32 > 0:11:36Instead, it's made into something else that we use in cooking.
0:11:36 > 0:11:38Sugar.
0:11:38 > 0:11:40Sugar beet is planted in the spring.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43It grows through the warm summer days.
0:11:43 > 0:11:46And then in the autumn, it's ready to be harvested.
0:11:48 > 0:11:52The sugar beets are taken to a massive factory called a refinery.
0:11:54 > 0:11:56And we're here to meet Dan.
0:11:56 > 0:12:00Today, I'm going to show you how sugar beet like this
0:12:00 > 0:12:02is made into sugar like this.
0:12:05 > 0:12:10First, the beets need to be washed to remove any dirt and stones.
0:12:17 > 0:12:19Once the beets are clean,
0:12:19 > 0:12:22a big machine cuts them into thin strips called cossettes.
0:12:22 > 0:12:24Like these.
0:12:30 > 0:12:34The strips are added to drums of very hot water which slowly
0:12:34 > 0:12:36spin around.
0:12:36 > 0:12:39This breaks them down into a hot, syrupy liquid.
0:12:40 > 0:12:45The liquid is slowly heated, turning the water into steam.
0:12:45 > 0:12:46This is called evaporation.
0:12:49 > 0:12:52Any liquid that's left has to be removed.
0:12:52 > 0:12:56To do this, Dan uses a big drum called a centrifuge.
0:12:58 > 0:13:00It spins around really quickly,
0:13:00 > 0:13:03leaving pure white sugar in the middle.
0:13:06 > 0:13:10The sugar is cooled down and dried before being packaged up.
0:13:12 > 0:13:17It takes just 12 hours to make sugar beet into little crystals of sugar.
0:13:20 > 0:13:22OINK!
0:13:22 > 0:13:25Storm and I had an excellent time on the farm today.
0:13:25 > 0:13:28If you want to have fun with your own farm,
0:13:28 > 0:13:31go to the CBeebies website to play the Down On The Farm game.
0:13:31 > 0:13:33See you next time. Bye!
0:13:35 > 0:13:38# Come join us down on the farm today
0:13:38 > 0:13:41# Learn about nature along the way
0:13:41 > 0:13:44# From seeds to crops and field to barn
0:13:44 > 0:13:46# So much to do down on the farm
0:13:46 > 0:13:48# Summer, autumn, winter, spring
0:13:48 > 0:13:52# Ploughing, planting, harvesting
0:13:52 > 0:13:55# With JB and Storm to lead the way
0:13:55 > 0:13:58# Come join us down on the farm today. #