0:00:02 > 0:00:06# Come join us down on the farm today
0:00:06 > 0:00:10# Learn about nature along the way
0:00:10 > 0:00:13# From seeds to crops and fields to barns
0:00:13 > 0:00:15# So much to do down on the farm
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# Summer, autumn, winter, spring
0:00:17 > 0:00:19# Ploughing, planting, harvesting
0:00:19 > 0:00:23# With JB and Storm to lead the way
0:00:23 > 0:00:29# Come join us down on the farm today. #
0:00:29 > 0:00:32Hello, I'm JB and welcome to Down On The Farm.
0:00:32 > 0:00:35In winter, there are still vegetables to be harvested
0:00:35 > 0:00:36and foods to be made.
0:00:36 > 0:00:39Now, let's see what Storm is up to.
0:00:49 > 0:00:51Today, I've come to this factory
0:00:51 > 0:00:55where lots of milk arrives every day.
0:00:55 > 0:01:00The milk is pumped into the factory through this blue hose.
0:01:00 > 0:01:04And I'm here to find out how they turn the milk into cheese!
0:01:07 > 0:01:10Inside these huge vats, the milk is set
0:01:10 > 0:01:15and it's separated into milky jelly curds and liquid whey.
0:01:15 > 0:01:19When it's ready, this mixture pours out into the stirring tray.
0:01:19 > 0:01:24These large stirrers keep the curds loose and separate from the whey.
0:01:26 > 0:01:31Eventually, the liquid whey drains away through sieves.
0:01:31 > 0:01:35We shovel to make sure none of the curds are stuck to the bottom.
0:01:35 > 0:01:36But it's hard work.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44Then the cheese is salted.
0:01:48 > 0:01:52This bar pushes the curds to the end of this tray,
0:01:52 > 0:01:55ready to go into the next machine, called an auger.
0:01:57 > 0:02:02Then they're sucked up these tubes into a machine which squashes them
0:02:02 > 0:02:05and turn them into big blocks of cheese.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10Each block of cheese is wrapped in plastic
0:02:10 > 0:02:13and sealed tightly to keep the air out.
0:02:17 > 0:02:20The blocks are put into boxes,
0:02:20 > 0:02:24and then surrounded by wooden slats.
0:02:24 > 0:02:29The cheese is stored in really high stacks until it's ready to eat.
0:02:29 > 0:02:33I'm going to meet Kim, who works in the cheese factory,
0:02:33 > 0:02:36and her helper, Alicia.
0:02:36 > 0:02:38- Hi, Kim. Hi, Alicia.- Hi!
0:02:38 > 0:02:41I've had a great day already seeing how cheese is made,
0:02:41 > 0:02:44but how do you know when it's ready to eat?
0:02:44 > 0:02:48The cheese is left in storage between six and 16 months.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51You can tell then if it's mild, medium or mature.
0:02:51 > 0:02:54- So the longer it's left, the stronger it tastes?- Yes.
0:02:54 > 0:02:56- Do you think we can try some?- Yes.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00Just pass me one of the blocks behind you, please?
0:03:00 > 0:03:03Ooh, it's heavy! There we go.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05This is a cheese iron.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08You put it in the block of cheese to get a sample.
0:03:08 > 0:03:11- Would you like to try? - I'll give it a go.
0:03:11 > 0:03:15- There we go.- Just twist it.- Ooh!
0:03:15 > 0:03:17Oh, that's good, Storm!
0:03:17 > 0:03:19Do you want to try some?
0:03:24 > 0:03:26Mm, it's delicious!
0:03:26 > 0:03:30- What does it taste like, Alicia? - It tastes strong.
0:03:30 > 0:03:33I think you're right, it is nice and strong.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36While we continue trying some cheese,
0:03:36 > 0:03:39why don't you find out what else happens in winter?
0:03:43 > 0:03:48Not all of the trees we see around us have bare branches in winter.
0:03:48 > 0:03:51Evergreen trees are different from other trees
0:03:51 > 0:03:54because they have leaves all year round.
0:03:54 > 0:04:00Yew trees and Scots pines are two types of evergreens.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03Both have special leaves called needles.
0:04:03 > 0:04:08Scots pine needles are an important winter food for birds
0:04:08 > 0:04:12called capercaillies when little else is growing.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16The cones which grow on evergreen trees can also provide
0:04:16 > 0:04:19a good meal when food is hard to find.
0:04:19 > 0:04:23Crossbills use their special beaks to prise open pine cones
0:04:23 > 0:04:25and eat the seeds inside.
0:04:27 > 0:04:31Wildlife big and small also use evergreen trees to help them
0:04:31 > 0:04:35shelter from winter weather or hide from predators.
0:04:36 > 0:04:41A goldcrest is searching these yew branches for insects to eat.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45But this tiny green orb spider is well hidden among the needles.
0:04:47 > 0:04:50Evergreen trees like these can provide welcome food
0:04:50 > 0:04:53and protection in the winter months.
0:04:58 > 0:05:00MOUSE SQUEAKS
0:05:00 > 0:05:01Hi, boys and girls.
0:05:01 > 0:05:06Welcome to the beautiful Union Canal in Falkirk.
0:05:06 > 0:05:09Today, we are here to do a litter pick.
0:05:09 > 0:05:12But before we go on our walk along the canal,
0:05:12 > 0:05:15we'll learn a little bit about what litter is.
0:05:15 > 0:05:17When I pick something up,
0:05:17 > 0:05:19you can tell me if you think it's litter
0:05:19 > 0:05:22or if you think it's not litter.
0:05:22 > 0:05:26First of all, I've got a drinks can. What do you think this'll be?
0:05:26 > 0:05:29- CHILDREN:- Litter. - Litter, yeah, well done.
0:05:29 > 0:05:31How about these leaves?
0:05:31 > 0:05:33- Not litter.- Not litter.
0:05:33 > 0:05:35- We've got a crisp packet.- Litter.
0:05:35 > 0:05:40Litter, definitely. We might see some of those today.
0:05:40 > 0:05:44Now we're off to find rubbish and tidy up.
0:05:44 > 0:05:48There's a couple of tiny bits of litter down here.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52Found a bottle.
0:05:52 > 0:05:54Is this banana skin litter?
0:05:54 > 0:05:57It is a natural thing, isn't it?
0:05:57 > 0:06:00But we don't usually find bananas on the tow path.
0:06:00 > 0:06:02Do you have any idea how long
0:06:02 > 0:06:05it will take this to rot down if we leave it here?
0:06:05 > 0:06:08- A week or three weeks? - It's actually longer than that.
0:06:08 > 0:06:12It could take about two years for this banana skin to go away,
0:06:12 > 0:06:15so we will pick this up and put it in our bags.
0:06:15 > 0:06:21If we litter, animals might eat it and they might get unwell
0:06:21 > 0:06:24and that's why we have to keep nature clean.
0:06:24 > 0:06:26Nature is an important thing.
0:06:26 > 0:06:28A tree is important because without them,
0:06:28 > 0:06:30you won't be able to breathe.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33It's important you keep the place clean.
0:06:33 > 0:06:37If there's litter, no-one would like to come here.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39I got it!
0:06:39 > 0:06:42Litter takes a really long time to break down.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45It's bad for the environment
0:06:45 > 0:06:48because loads of animals nibble on it
0:06:48 > 0:06:52and it makes their stomach very poorly.
0:06:52 > 0:06:54People shouldn't litter
0:06:54 > 0:06:57because it's just as easy to throw it in the bin
0:06:57 > 0:06:58as put it on the ground.
0:07:03 > 0:07:04OK. Well done, everyone.
0:07:04 > 0:07:07We collected lots and lots of litter today.
0:07:07 > 0:07:12Can anyone tell me the different types of litter that you found?
0:07:12 > 0:07:15- I got lots of wrappers. - I found a glass bottle.
0:07:15 > 0:07:17- Dog poo.- Oh, dog poo.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20Oh, yeah, we found some of that.
0:07:20 > 0:07:24- Did you guys had a good time today? - CHILDREN:- Yes!
0:07:24 > 0:07:26Best day ever!
0:07:29 > 0:07:31Put your hat on.
0:07:31 > 0:07:33"Why?" I said.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36Because it's cold, protect your head.
0:07:36 > 0:07:38Tie your scarf.
0:07:38 > 0:07:40But it's too itchy.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43It makes my neck feel hot and twitchy.
0:07:43 > 0:07:47What happened to your other mitten?
0:07:47 > 0:07:50I took it off to pat the kitten.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53- Did you put it in your pocket? - Maybe.
0:07:53 > 0:07:56No, I think I dropped it.
0:07:58 > 0:08:04So many woollies left behind, forgotten, lost in winter time.
0:08:04 > 0:08:08It's such a shame, it's just plain silly.
0:08:08 > 0:08:11Let's love our woollies when it's chilly.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14SHEEP BLEAT
0:08:16 > 0:08:21Today my helpers and I have come to this farm on a very important day.
0:08:21 > 0:08:23- Hello, everybody.- Hello!
0:08:23 > 0:08:26What's happening today, Sam?
0:08:26 > 0:08:28Some of our sheep are pregnant,
0:08:28 > 0:08:31they're carrying lambs which will be born in the spring.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34We'll find out which ones are pregnant
0:08:34 > 0:08:36and how many lambs they're carrying.
0:08:36 > 0:08:39- How do you do that? - We use a machine called a scanner.
0:08:39 > 0:08:42We'll bring them into the barn to be scanned.
0:08:42 > 0:08:45- Can you help?- Yeah!
0:08:45 > 0:08:47Now let's head to the barn.
0:08:53 > 0:08:55This is Robert.
0:08:55 > 0:08:58His job is to scan the sheep to see if they're pregnant
0:08:58 > 0:09:00and how many lambs they have.
0:09:04 > 0:09:06Hi, Robert. How do you count the lambs?
0:09:06 > 0:09:08This machine looks inside the body.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11There's a picture on the screen and
0:09:11 > 0:09:14the small white shapes are the lambs.
0:09:14 > 0:09:16And what can we do to help?
0:09:16 > 0:09:21We'll spray a dot on each sheep to tell me how many lambs they have.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24One spot on the shoulder for one lamb,
0:09:24 > 0:09:26a spot on the bottom for three lambs,
0:09:26 > 0:09:28and if there's two lambs,
0:09:28 > 0:09:31we won't put any marks on the sheep at all.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33What if there are no lambs?
0:09:33 > 0:09:37We put a spray mark all the way down the sheep.
0:09:37 > 0:09:40- Well, I hope you guys can remember all of that.- Yes.- Yep.
0:09:42 > 0:09:45- How many do we think are in this one?- Two.- Two.
0:09:45 > 0:09:46- Two.- Two.
0:09:46 > 0:09:49- Two it is.- Yay!
0:09:52 > 0:09:55- Three in this one.- Oh, three!
0:09:55 > 0:09:58Rosie, you're up. Well done.
0:09:58 > 0:10:02- This is going to be three. - You think this is three again?- Yes.
0:10:02 > 0:10:06- Three little babies. - Yay, there we go. You're up.
0:10:10 > 0:10:12Here comes the last one.
0:10:12 > 0:10:14- One.- One.- One.- I say two.
0:10:14 > 0:10:16- One.- Ooh.- Yay!
0:10:16 > 0:10:19OK, your turn, then. Well done.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25How many lambs do you think there are?
0:10:25 > 0:10:2630.
0:10:26 > 0:10:29- 30.- 100.
0:10:29 > 0:10:32I think...47.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35There's actually 43.
0:10:35 > 0:10:38Ooh, so close!
0:10:38 > 0:10:40Now let's take them back to the field.
0:10:45 > 0:10:49Now here are some tips for spotting animals in winter.
0:10:52 > 0:10:54SHEEP BLEAT
0:10:54 > 0:10:58Can you spot any signs that animals are nearby
0:10:58 > 0:11:00when you're outside in winter?
0:11:00 > 0:11:02You might find...
0:11:02 > 0:11:05..paw prints in the mud,
0:11:05 > 0:11:08old birds' nests,
0:11:08 > 0:11:10or maybe some rabbit holes.
0:11:10 > 0:11:13Have a look next time you're out.
0:11:17 > 0:11:21Beans are one of the most popular canned foods in the UK.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25But how do they get into the tins and to our cupboards?
0:11:25 > 0:11:30We've come to this bean-canning factory to find out.
0:11:30 > 0:11:31This is Ian.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34He's checking the beans before they go into the factory.
0:11:34 > 0:11:38They use a type of bean called a haricot bean.
0:11:38 > 0:11:41The beans are dried before they arrive here.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44We put them through a machine called a rehydrater
0:11:44 > 0:11:47to make them moist before canning.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50We make sure only the best beans go into our cans.
0:11:50 > 0:11:54We sort them by colour, keeping only the white beans, and take out
0:11:54 > 0:11:58any stones or anything else that may have come in from the fields.
0:11:58 > 0:12:03After they're checked, the beans are ready to be put in the cans.
0:12:05 > 0:12:07The empty cans come in one by one
0:12:07 > 0:12:12and exactly the right amount of beans is dropped into each one.
0:12:14 > 0:12:18No can of beans is complete without the special tomato sauce.
0:12:18 > 0:12:20We take thick tomato paste
0:12:20 > 0:12:24and other ingredients like sugar and spices.
0:12:24 > 0:12:25Mix with water.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27Once the sauce tastes right,
0:12:27 > 0:12:30it goes to the liquid filler machine.
0:12:30 > 0:12:33The cans of beans pass under the liquid filler.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37It pumps the right amount of tomato sauce into each can.
0:12:39 > 0:12:43The full cans are sealed with lids in the seamer machine.
0:12:45 > 0:12:49In here, the beans are heated up and cooled down in the cans.
0:12:49 > 0:12:52This makes them safe to eat for a long time.
0:12:59 > 0:13:03Once cool, the cans are labelled and packaged
0:13:03 > 0:13:05until they're ready to go to the shops.
0:13:05 > 0:13:11Thanks to this careful process, the beans can last for up to two years!
0:13:18 > 0:13:22We've had an excellent time on the farm today. I hope you did, too.
0:13:22 > 0:13:25If you want to have fun with your own farm,
0:13:25 > 0:13:28go to the CBeebies website to play the Down On The Farm game.
0:13:28 > 0:13:30See you next time, bye!
0:13:36 > 0:13:41# Come join us down on the farm today
0:13:41 > 0:13:44# Learn about nature along the way
0:13:44 > 0:13:47# From seeds to crops and field to barns
0:13:47 > 0:13:49# So much to do down on the farm
0:13:49 > 0:13:51# Summer, autumn, winter, spring
0:13:51 > 0:13:54# Ploughing, planting, harvesting
0:13:54 > 0:13:58# With JB and Storm to lead the way
0:13:58 > 0:14:04# Come join us down on the farm today. #