0:00:22 > 0:00:24This story belongs to Rowan
0:00:24 > 0:00:26and her mummy Erin.
0:00:35 > 0:00:39It's a tiny tale about how children just like you
0:00:39 > 0:00:44lived in the olden days over 2,500 years ago.
0:00:45 > 0:00:48And now it's time for Rowan and Mummy Erin
0:00:48 > 0:00:51to go on a journey of discovery.
0:00:51 > 0:00:54Together, they're going to find out what life was like
0:00:54 > 0:00:55all those years ago.
0:00:57 > 0:01:01- Can you pass me that hammer, please, Rowan?- Yeah.- Thank you.
0:01:05 > 0:01:06I think that's it.
0:01:06 > 0:01:09Thank you, that was a big help.
0:01:09 > 0:01:10What do you think of that?
0:01:10 > 0:01:13- Brilliant. - Do you think the birds will like it?
0:01:13 > 0:01:16- I hope so. - Do you know what shape that is?
0:01:16 > 0:01:18- Round.- That's a round house.
0:01:18 > 0:01:23I know a story about a girl who lived in a round house
0:01:23 > 0:01:26and her name was Cartimandua
0:01:26 > 0:01:29and she lived in a time called the Iron Age.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31What's the Iron Age?
0:01:31 > 0:01:35Well, it's a period of time a long, long time ago
0:01:35 > 0:01:39and people discovered lots of different things, including metals.
0:01:39 > 0:01:41And one of the metals they discovered was iron
0:01:41 > 0:01:45and iron is very strong. We use it today in our tools.
0:01:45 > 0:01:48And finding the iron was the start of the Iron Age.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54Iron can be found in rocks called iron ore.
0:01:54 > 0:01:57When it's heated in a really hot oven called a furnace,
0:01:57 > 0:01:59the iron in the rock melts.
0:01:59 > 0:02:02When iron is heated, it can be shaped.
0:02:04 > 0:02:08And when it's put into cold water, it cools down, becomes hard
0:02:08 > 0:02:09and extra strong.
0:02:12 > 0:02:15Would you like to get dressed up and we can learn about Cartimandua?
0:02:15 > 0:02:16Yes!
0:02:28 > 0:02:30Rowan! Can I see your clothes?
0:02:32 > 0:02:34Wow.
0:02:34 > 0:02:36What do you think about your Iron Age clothes?
0:02:36 > 0:02:38Well, the outside feels really rough,
0:02:38 > 0:02:42but inside feels nice and cosy and fluffy.
0:02:42 > 0:02:46- Cartimandua's mummy would make her clothes for her.- Why?
0:02:46 > 0:02:48Well, because they didn't have any shops.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51So, what she would do, she would keep sheep
0:02:51 > 0:02:53and she would make the clothes from the wool.
0:02:53 > 0:02:55- A like your hair, Mummy. - Thank you.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58This is a clip like they had in the Iron Age.
0:02:58 > 0:03:00- Out of iron? - Out of iron.
0:03:00 > 0:03:03Would you like to learn more about Cartimandua and the Iron Age?
0:03:03 > 0:03:06- Yes, please. - Will we do some Iron Age poses?
0:03:06 > 0:03:08Yes.
0:03:10 > 0:03:13Now that Rowan and Mummy Erin look like people from the Iron Age,
0:03:13 > 0:03:16they're ready for the big adventure.
0:03:16 > 0:03:17But where will they go?
0:03:18 > 0:03:22Mummy Erin has brought Rowan along to the Scottish Crannog Centre.
0:03:24 > 0:03:27Some clever people called archaeologists found lots of pieces
0:03:27 > 0:03:30from the Iron Age here and they built a house to show
0:03:30 > 0:03:33how things would have looked a long time ago.
0:03:36 > 0:03:39Rowan, this round house is called a crannog.
0:03:39 > 0:03:43And "cran" means two things - it means "basket"
0:03:43 > 0:03:44and it means "young tree."
0:03:44 > 0:03:47- And do you think it looks like a basket?- Yes.
0:03:47 > 0:03:49And what do you think it's made from?
0:03:50 > 0:03:54- Wood.- That's right, and what's all around us?
0:03:54 > 0:03:56- Trees.- Trees.
0:03:56 > 0:03:59And Cartimandua's daddy would have made this and he would have used
0:03:59 > 0:04:03all the trees around, and he would have used an iron axe like this one.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08Do you think your daddy could make a crannog like this?
0:04:08 > 0:04:09- No.- No?
0:04:13 > 0:04:16Iron Age people built their crannog houses on stilts
0:04:16 > 0:04:17at the side of water.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22They were a symbol of power and building it on water
0:04:22 > 0:04:25made it safer, to stop big wild animals getting close to them
0:04:25 > 0:04:27and their animals.
0:04:29 > 0:04:32Being on the water meant the house was cooler in the summer
0:04:32 > 0:04:33and warmer in the winter.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36There were less flies and bugs on the water too.
0:04:38 > 0:04:40They thought it was the best place to be.
0:04:46 > 0:04:49Now Rowan and Mummy Erin are inside the crannog.
0:04:52 > 0:04:55Large families called tribes would live in the crannog.
0:04:55 > 0:04:58How many people do you think lived here?
0:04:58 > 0:05:0023, I think.
0:05:00 > 0:05:02I think that's a good guess, about 20.
0:05:02 > 0:05:07And in charge of those tribes, there was one person called a chief.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09Who do you think the chief would be in our family?
0:05:09 > 0:05:13- I think it would be you. - I think that's probably right.
0:05:13 > 0:05:16Cartimandua and her family would sleep up on a platform like this,
0:05:16 > 0:05:19but at the moment, it's actually filled with bracken.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21Can you see that?
0:05:21 > 0:05:22What's bracken?
0:05:22 > 0:05:24That's fern that grows on the hills.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27And they didn't have carpet, but they'd need something
0:05:27 > 0:05:29to keep them warm and to keep the floor soft,
0:05:29 > 0:05:31so that's what's underneath.
0:05:31 > 0:05:33Is it nice and soft under your feet?
0:05:34 > 0:05:36They'd also have their animals in here
0:05:36 > 0:05:39and they'd probably live over there.
0:05:40 > 0:05:41What kinds of animals?
0:05:41 > 0:05:46They would have cows and pigs and goats and sheep.
0:05:47 > 0:05:50- Would you like to live in a crannog? - No.- Why not?
0:05:50 > 0:05:53Because the fire might be dangerous for kids.
0:05:55 > 0:05:57That's probably quite true.
0:05:57 > 0:06:01Mummy would like to live in one because they're very, very cosy.
0:06:01 > 0:06:05The fire's where they cooked for the whole tribe
0:06:05 > 0:06:08and it would also keep the crannog warm.
0:06:08 > 0:06:10So they would have to keep it on all the time,
0:06:10 > 0:06:13so that would have been an awful lot of work.
0:06:13 > 0:06:16- And can you see the little round stone beside the fire?- Yes.
0:06:16 > 0:06:18That is called a pot boiler.
0:06:18 > 0:06:22And they would heat it up on the fire and then they would put it in
0:06:22 > 0:06:24the pot to warm up the water when they were cooking.
0:06:24 > 0:06:26What would they eat?
0:06:26 > 0:06:30Well, Cartimandua and her mummy were very clever farmers.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33And they would have grown wheat and barley to make bread.
0:06:33 > 0:06:38And they would find things round about, like nuts and berries.
0:06:38 > 0:06:40Would you like to try some?
0:06:40 > 0:06:41Yes, please.
0:06:46 > 0:06:48What does the crannog sit on top of?
0:06:48 > 0:06:50What's underneath us?
0:06:52 > 0:06:55- Water?- Mm-hm, and what do we find in water?
0:06:55 > 0:07:00- Fish.- Cartimandua and her mummy would catch fish in this.
0:07:00 > 0:07:04The fish would swim inside and they would have their fish for their tea.
0:07:04 > 0:07:08So, Cartimandua and her mummy would have bread and fish
0:07:08 > 0:07:09and brambles and nuts.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11- Would you like to eat that every day?- No.
0:07:11 > 0:07:13What do you like to eat?
0:07:13 > 0:07:14Cheese and ham.
0:07:29 > 0:07:32This is John, and he works at the Crannog Centre.
0:07:32 > 0:07:36He's going to show Rowan and Mummy Erin how to make rope
0:07:36 > 0:07:37without any tools.
0:07:39 > 0:07:41A long time ago, people used to make their own rope.
0:07:41 > 0:07:44Can you think what they maybe made the rope from?
0:07:44 > 0:07:45- Wool?- Wool.
0:07:45 > 0:07:48They made rope from nettles, they made rope from willow bark.
0:07:48 > 0:07:51A great many different things you could make rope from.
0:07:51 > 0:07:55and today I'm going to show you how to make rope from grass.
0:07:55 > 0:07:56You hold this side.
0:07:57 > 0:08:00And you turn round that way and I'll turn round this way.
0:08:00 > 0:08:01That's it, keep going.
0:08:01 > 0:08:04Keep going.
0:08:04 > 0:08:07Now, we do that... Look, and it twists round on itself.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10And if you keep twisting that, we'll end up by making good,
0:08:10 > 0:08:12strong rope made from grass.
0:08:15 > 0:08:18Rope was very important in the olden days.
0:08:18 > 0:08:22It helped keep the crannog together. They used it to tie up their animals.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29Can you think how we use rope today?
0:08:29 > 0:08:31It's getting long now.
0:08:36 > 0:08:39I think it might be starting to get quite strong.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42You try and pull that apart.
0:08:44 > 0:08:47- It's impossible, isn't it? - Yeah.- Very strong.
0:08:47 > 0:08:49Wow, what a great rope.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56John is now going to show Rowan and Mummy Erin
0:08:56 > 0:08:57how to make something else.
0:08:57 > 0:08:59I wonder what it could be.
0:09:02 > 0:09:04Look at this stone, Rowan.
0:09:04 > 0:09:06It's a perfect round hole.
0:09:06 > 0:09:08What's it for?
0:09:08 > 0:09:11Well, we can use them for, maybe, fishing weights for nets or traps.
0:09:11 > 0:09:15You can have one sitting into the ground, like that,
0:09:15 > 0:09:17and have the base of your door in there.
0:09:17 > 0:09:19And it'll let you open and close your door,
0:09:19 > 0:09:21without the base moving anywhere.
0:09:21 > 0:09:23How do you make it?
0:09:23 > 0:09:25Well, you need two different types of stone,
0:09:25 > 0:09:27both of which you'll find down on the shore.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31There's this white quartz and there's this much softer stone.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33And what we do is we knock the hard stone on to the soft stone,
0:09:33 > 0:09:34like this.
0:09:36 > 0:09:38Today it's called pecking.
0:09:38 > 0:09:41There were no schools in the Iron Age.
0:09:41 > 0:09:43Children like Cartimandua, would have learned how to do things
0:09:43 > 0:09:47by watching their parents, or other people in the tribe.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52Remember, if you needed something, you had to make it.
0:09:54 > 0:09:56How long would it take them to make this?
0:09:56 > 0:09:59Oh, it would take them two or three days to make them, at least.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02So, it must have been very important to them.
0:10:02 > 0:10:03Let's make music.
0:10:03 > 0:10:06RATTLING
0:10:19 > 0:10:21In the Iron Age, they wouldn't have had cars,
0:10:21 > 0:10:23so they would have got about in canoes.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26And this that you're sitting on here is just like the canoe
0:10:26 > 0:10:29that they would have had all that time ago.
0:10:30 > 0:10:32It looks like one big tree trunk.
0:10:32 > 0:10:34That's right. They would have used their iron axes
0:10:34 > 0:10:38to cut down the tree, and the ropes that we learned to make,
0:10:38 > 0:10:40they would have used them to pull it down to the shore.
0:10:40 > 0:10:43It looks like they scooped out the middle.
0:10:43 > 0:10:46They would have used those iron axes and it would've taken a long time,
0:10:46 > 0:10:49and they also would have made paddles for their canoe.
0:10:51 > 0:10:55And Cartimandua and her mummy and daddy would've got in their canoe
0:10:55 > 0:10:57- to go and trade things. - What's trade?
0:10:57 > 0:11:00Trade's where they would've taken things that they had,
0:11:00 > 0:11:03like their barley, and they would've taken it to their neighbours
0:11:03 > 0:11:06who had other things that they would want and they'd swap.
0:11:06 > 0:11:09Just like I could swap my necklace for your bracelet.
0:11:11 > 0:11:14What else do you think Cartimandua and her family would've done
0:11:14 > 0:11:15in the boat?
0:11:15 > 0:11:16Explore.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19Yeah. Would you like to go exploring in the canoe?
0:11:19 > 0:11:20Yes, please!
0:11:28 > 0:11:30That looks like fun.
0:11:36 > 0:11:39Mummy Erin and John are doing a great job paddling the canoe.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59Did you like learning about the Iron Age
0:11:59 > 0:12:02and what happened a long time ago?
0:12:02 > 0:12:06Yes, I like learning about Cartimandua and the crannog.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10- And can you remember everything that we've learnt?- Yes.
0:12:11 > 0:12:16We got dressed up in clothes like Cartimandua would've worn.
0:12:21 > 0:12:23We went to visit a crannog.
0:12:24 > 0:12:27It looks like a giant basket on stilts.
0:12:29 > 0:12:35The crannog inside looked just as special as the outside.
0:12:38 > 0:12:42We ate berries and nuts by the warm fire.
0:12:45 > 0:12:49John showed us how to make rope from grass.
0:12:50 > 0:12:52You try and pull that apart.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57I learned how to make a hole in the stone...
0:12:58 > 0:13:01without using any tools.
0:13:01 > 0:13:03Just like people from the Iron Age.
0:13:06 > 0:13:09We went exploring in a dugout canoe.
0:13:11 > 0:13:14Just like Cartimandua would've done.
0:13:17 > 0:13:19What did you enjoy the most?
0:13:19 > 0:13:21I enjoyed the canoe.
0:13:24 > 0:13:26What did you enjoy, Mummy?
0:13:26 > 0:13:31I like making things, but most of all I like spending time with you.
0:13:31 > 0:13:33- Will we have a...- Hug!
0:13:37 > 0:13:41What a fabulous heap of fun! That was Rowan and Mummy Erin's
0:13:41 > 0:13:45tiny tale about what it was like living during the Iron Age
0:13:45 > 0:13:47over 2,500 years ago.
0:13:48 > 0:13:51Now Mummy Erin has shared this story with Rowan,
0:13:51 > 0:13:54it's time for Rowan to start her very own story.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58Do you know someone with a story to share?