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0:00:00 > 0:00:01- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:00:01 > 0:00:04- The Newid Byd team, - Uganda in Africa.
0:00:05 > 0:00:11- They've built a goat shed, made - jewellery with HIV/AIDS sufferers...
0:00:11 > 0:00:13- ..and taught children - in Namatala slum.
0:00:14 > 0:00:15- What's next?
0:00:16 > 0:00:19- The Newid Byd team's - adventure continues.
0:00:54 > 0:00:58- Uganda, an East African country - on the equator.
0:00:58 > 0:01:02- It is the source of the Nile, - the longest river in the world.
0:01:04 > 0:01:06- Its capital is Kampala.
0:01:06 > 0:01:11- A poor country, its inhabitants must - live on less than 75 pence a day.
0:01:24 > 0:01:29- The Newid Byd team - Luis, Iestyn, - Rachel, Ceri and leader, Arwel...
0:01:30 > 0:01:33- ..have worked on - a variety of projects in Uganda.
0:01:35 > 0:01:37- It's been a very busy fortnight.
0:01:37 > 0:01:41- Our last project - was with the Dolen Ffermio charity.
0:01:41 > 0:01:45- We built a goat shed - in the Kumi province...
0:01:45 > 0:01:48- ..to set an example - for local farmers...
0:01:48 > 0:01:51- ..on how to keep - their goats healthy...
0:01:51 > 0:01:55- ..in order to obtain - more meat and milk from them...
0:01:55 > 0:01:58- ..to increase their income.
0:01:58 > 0:02:00- We had a great day on my birthday.
0:02:00 > 0:02:04- We had a party to celebrate - the goat shed's completion.
0:02:05 > 0:02:10- While we were partying with the - locals, the gang brought out a cake.
0:02:10 > 0:02:13- # Happy birthday to you, - happy birthday to you #
0:02:14 > 0:02:17- Although it's been fun, - it's also been hard at times.
0:02:18 > 0:02:21- Working in the slum - was very challenging.
0:02:21 > 0:02:24- We saw so much poverty there.
0:02:24 > 0:02:28- Working with the children was sad - because they had so little.
0:02:30 > 0:02:33- We met around 30 women with HIV...
0:02:33 > 0:02:36- ..who came together as a group - to make jewellery.
0:02:37 > 0:02:40- We also met a woman called Madina.
0:02:40 > 0:02:45- Her story was sad because - she had to look after 15 children.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48- I was glad I heard her story.
0:02:50 > 0:02:54- They've been building structures - to house animals...
0:02:54 > 0:02:56- ..for one kind of farming...
0:02:57 > 0:03:00- ..but now we're moving on - to another kind of farming...
0:03:01 > 0:03:04- ..which involves - harvesting coffee crops.
0:03:16 > 0:03:21- The team is on its way to Konokoyi - on the slopes of Mount Elgon...
0:03:21 > 0:03:25- ..an extinct volcano and - one of the highest peaks in Africa.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29- This area is famous - for its Arabica coffee beans.
0:03:29 > 0:03:33- They will be working - with the Gumutindo Co-operative...
0:03:33 > 0:03:37- ..a group of local farmers who - sell their coffee independently...
0:03:37 > 0:03:40- ..to ensure - they get a better price.
0:03:41 > 0:03:45- They are fair-trade farmers - and there are 7,000 members...
0:03:45 > 0:03:48- ..involved - in 11 smaller co-operatives.
0:03:50 > 0:03:52- Hello, my name's Arwel.
0:03:52 > 0:03:55- One of those is the Konokoyi Co-op.
0:03:55 > 0:03:58- They are greeted - by Chairman Nimrod Wambette.
0:03:58 > 0:04:00- I'm Luis.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03- They will stay at Nimrod's house...
0:04:03 > 0:04:06- ..during their stay - as there are no hotels here.
0:04:11 > 0:04:13- Goodnight, team. Sleep tight.
0:04:22 > 0:04:25- The following day, - Nimrod is keen for them...
0:04:25 > 0:04:28- ..to experience coffee farming.
0:04:28 > 0:04:32- They have very little but a cup of - coffee for breakfast - what else...
0:04:33 > 0:04:35- ..before they set off for work.
0:04:48 > 0:04:50- James is a 46-year-old farmer.
0:04:50 > 0:04:53- He and his wife have six children.
0:04:53 > 0:04:57- He also looks after - three other members of his family.
0:04:58 > 0:05:00- James owns 3.5 acres of land...
0:05:01 > 0:05:03- ..and seven coffee plantations.
0:05:03 > 0:05:06- Some of the cherries - are ripe for picking.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10- He relies on the gang - to help him with the harvesting.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14- So only the red, red ones, yes?
0:05:17 > 0:05:20- Why don't we split up so that - we pick from different trees?
0:05:29 > 0:05:32- I never thought coffee was red.
0:05:32 > 0:05:36- I bet a whole load of them - goes into making a jar.
0:05:42 > 0:05:47- Picking coffee from the shrubs - is hard work on an empty stomach.
0:05:47 > 0:05:51- I only had a cup of coffee for - breakfast so I've little energy.
0:05:55 > 0:05:58- It takes a long time...
0:05:58 > 0:06:00- ..to collect a small number.
0:06:01 > 0:06:06- I can't imagine how the farmers - do it on an empty stomach...
0:06:06 > 0:06:09- ..and go for long hours - picking cherries.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16- I've enjoyed picking cherries. - It's a relaxing thing to do.
0:06:17 > 0:06:20- I can imagine - how it must be in hot weather...
0:06:20 > 0:06:23- ..when the trees - are full of red cherries.
0:06:24 > 0:06:28- It must be hard work, especially - if they're in a rush to pick them.
0:06:28 > 0:06:32- I've enjoyed this morning. - Picking is relaxing.
0:06:32 > 0:06:36- But there aren't - many red cherries on the trees.
0:06:36 > 0:06:39- Climate change...
0:06:39 > 0:06:42- ..has affected - the seasons here in Uganda.
0:06:43 > 0:06:46- There has been - more rainfall and less sun.
0:06:46 > 0:06:49- The rain should cease in June...
0:06:49 > 0:06:53- ..but it's September already - and it's still raining.
0:06:54 > 0:06:56- The heat is important to them.
0:06:56 > 0:07:01- Direct sunlight on the coffee, - or the cherries, means they burn.
0:07:01 > 0:07:05- So they just need the heat - for them to ripen.
0:07:06 > 0:07:10- It's been easy for us because - only a small number of them...
0:07:10 > 0:07:13- ..are ready to be pulped.
0:07:14 > 0:07:17- I'm disappointed - we couldn't help more.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24- After a morning - of collecting the cherries...
0:07:24 > 0:07:27- ..they carry them - back to the farmhouse.
0:07:27 > 0:07:31- The weather is turning, which - often happens in the mountains.
0:07:32 > 0:07:33- The rain is never ending.
0:07:35 > 0:07:40- While they take shelter, they - have a chance to chat to James.
0:07:40 > 0:07:42- HE SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE
0:07:44 > 0:07:47- James grows more than just coffee.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50- He grows yams and bananas.
0:07:50 > 0:07:54- But coffee - is his main source of income.
0:07:55 > 0:07:58- He says it allows him - to sustain his family.
0:07:58 > 0:08:02- A fair-trade farmer like James...
0:08:02 > 0:08:05- ..gets - double the average price of coffee.
0:08:05 > 0:08:08- The price of coffee per kilogram...
0:08:08 > 0:08:10- ..is currently a pound.
0:08:10 > 0:08:14- The price doubles to around 2.20...
0:08:15 > 0:08:18- ..if you're a fair-trade farmer, - which is great.
0:08:18 > 0:08:23- He also receives an additional - premium on top of the price...
0:08:23 > 0:08:25- ..because he's an organic farmer.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30- Some of the money is also - put aside for the community.
0:08:31 > 0:08:36- But the coffee farmers, fair-trade - or otherwise, face many problems.
0:08:37 > 0:08:39- The biggest problem - is climate change.
0:08:44 > 0:08:48- Climate change has - a massive impact on farmers here...
0:08:48 > 0:08:53- ..because the seasons in Uganda - are so random.
0:08:53 > 0:08:55- If the dry spell continues...
0:08:55 > 0:08:58- ..the planting process is delayed...
0:08:58 > 0:09:01- ..and the household income - is reduced.
0:09:03 > 0:09:08- The coffee cherries need - constant heat to ripen and mature...
0:09:08 > 0:09:11- ..but they fail to thrive - in intense heat.
0:09:11 > 0:09:14- If the coffee isn't shaded...
0:09:14 > 0:09:17- ..the sun burns the crops.
0:09:17 > 0:09:22- They need shade, but since there - is a shortage of trees in Uganda...
0:09:23 > 0:09:26- ..it becomes a problem for them.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31- It's getting the balance between - the rain, the shade and the sun?
0:09:31 > 0:09:35- All those factors are - key elements to get a good crop?
0:09:38 > 0:09:42- The rain ceases and the team - begins the next process...
0:09:42 > 0:09:46- ..of washing the cherries - and separating them.
0:09:48 > 0:09:53- The ones that were floating have - seeds inside them, but they're bad.
0:09:53 > 0:09:58- The ones that sink, when you open - them, they're nice and solid.
0:09:58 > 0:10:00- They're the best beans.
0:10:04 > 0:10:09- He's feeding the ones that have - been soaked into this machine...
0:10:09 > 0:10:11- ..which is over 100 years old.
0:10:19 > 0:10:22- Oh, wow! Look.
0:10:22 > 0:10:24- The skin has come off.
0:10:24 > 0:10:27- How cool is that!
0:10:28 > 0:10:30- They look like coffee beans now.
0:10:32 > 0:10:34- That's so cool.
0:10:34 > 0:10:37- Whoa, that's cool.
0:10:37 > 0:10:40- Can I spin and turn it?
0:10:40 > 0:10:42- Spin and turn it?
0:10:45 > 0:10:48- Is it difficult? - So that's all skin there?
0:10:48 > 0:10:50- Yes, it's all skin.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53- It's much harder - than I thought it would be.
0:10:53 > 0:10:57- The machine is old - but I don't think that's to blame!
0:10:57 > 0:11:01- It's removing the skin from - the beans, so they come out bare.
0:11:02 > 0:11:07- I wouldn't like to do this - as my everyday job...
0:11:07 > 0:11:10- ..because it's dirty work, in a way.
0:11:11 > 0:11:15- It requires a lot of strength, - so I couldn't do it all the time.
0:11:17 > 0:11:21- I'm just making sure that the beans - are collected in this bucket...
0:11:22 > 0:11:24- ..and all the skin is discarded.
0:11:25 > 0:11:29- I'm removing the skin - from the ones...
0:11:29 > 0:11:31- ..that still have skins on them.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35- I'm also separating - the good ones from the bad ones.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40- It doesn't smell like coffee, - it smells like sour fruit.
0:11:43 > 0:11:46- I never thought it'd take this long - to harvest coffee.
0:11:46 > 0:11:51- When you see a jar, you'd never know - it took all these processes...
0:11:52 > 0:11:53- ..to make it.
0:11:58 > 0:12:03- The team has already heard about - problems to do with the weather...
0:12:03 > 0:12:08- ..but as they return to Konokoyi, - they encounter them for themselves.
0:12:12 > 0:12:16- The morning's rain has turned - the road into mud and soft clay.
0:12:16 > 0:12:19- The minibuses - are having difficulty getting down.
0:12:24 > 0:12:29- The team decides it's safer to walk - but I'm not convinced!
0:12:34 > 0:12:37- It rained heavily this morning...
0:12:37 > 0:12:41- ..and the hill - we drove up turned to mud.
0:12:41 > 0:12:45- I wasn't happy - that the team was in the vans...
0:12:45 > 0:12:49- ..so we let the drivers - go down, one at a time.
0:12:49 > 0:12:53- The team's van got stuck in a ditch.
0:12:53 > 0:12:56- I was very nervous, I must admit...
0:12:56 > 0:12:59- ..but the safest place to be - was outside the van.
0:13:00 > 0:13:04- It was the drivers' decision - to move the vans.
0:13:05 > 0:13:07- The roads were a mess.
0:13:07 > 0:13:11- The vans were skidding and there - were children at the roadside.
0:13:12 > 0:13:14- Their lives were in danger.
0:13:15 > 0:13:17- Yes, I was very nervous.
0:13:17 > 0:13:21- The drivers - looked comfortable going downhill...
0:13:21 > 0:13:25- ..but I didn't like it at all.
0:13:25 > 0:13:27- I was in the back going, ooh!
0:13:27 > 0:13:30- It gave us quite a fright...
0:13:30 > 0:13:35- ..because the buses - were skidding in all directions.
0:13:35 > 0:13:39- They were coming downhill - and veering into the sides.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41- It was really frightening.
0:13:41 > 0:13:45- I was more nervous watching them - than the drivers were driving!
0:13:46 > 0:13:50- Everybody had their faces - in their hands out of fear!
0:13:50 > 0:13:56- I admire the drivers' determination - in one respect...
0:13:56 > 0:13:59- ..after we'd said to them...
0:13:59 > 0:14:02- .."No, no, don't go," - but they went ahead.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05- I wouldn't have risked it in my car.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08- Perhaps we're just soft...
0:14:08 > 0:14:12- ..whereas they're used - to driving on roads like this.
0:14:12 > 0:14:15- They're just doing their job.
0:14:21 > 0:14:26- After the excitement, the team is - glad to reach the coffee storehouse.
0:14:26 > 0:14:29- Nimrod is there to show them around.
0:14:32 > 0:14:36- The Konokoyi Coffee Co-op - produces Fairtrade coffee.
0:14:36 > 0:14:40- This status - ensures that the 500 members...
0:14:40 > 0:14:44- ..get a consistently fair price - for their produce.
0:14:44 > 0:14:45- That looks heavy.
0:14:45 > 0:14:47- That looks heavy.- - It is here, at the warehouse...
0:14:47 > 0:14:51- ..that the paperwork - and the weighing is done.
0:14:56 > 0:14:59- They're just checking - for small bits.
0:15:00 > 0:15:02- The coffee expert...
0:15:02 > 0:15:05- ..took a sample...
0:15:05 > 0:15:11- ..to measure the beans' - water content and quality.
0:15:11 > 0:15:13- The coffee...
0:15:13 > 0:15:15- ..is sent to Mbale...
0:15:16 > 0:15:20- ..where the Gumutindo Co-operative - exports it to different countries.
0:15:21 > 0:15:23- It's sent to Britain...
0:15:23 > 0:15:28- ..America, New Zealand, - Scotland and Belgium...
0:15:29 > 0:15:34- ..so it has to be good quality - if it's sold to wealthy countries.
0:15:36 > 0:15:40- It's a very fussy process...
0:15:40 > 0:15:44- ..because the coffee - has to be of a high standard.
0:15:52 > 0:15:55- It's Monday morning - and it's an important day.
0:15:55 > 0:15:59- It's market day and people - are selling their produce.
0:15:59 > 0:16:04- From vegetables and fruit - to clothes, soap and animals.
0:16:04 > 0:16:07- Sorry, Rachel, - but there are hens here.
0:16:07 > 0:16:09- Fancy buying a hen, Rachel?
0:16:09 > 0:16:11- Fancy buying a hen, Rachel?- - They're three pounds each.
0:16:11 > 0:16:13- No, it's OK.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16- I'll stay here.
0:16:16 > 0:16:19- Why don't you like them again?
0:16:20 > 0:16:24- When I was small, - a peacock attacked me...
0:16:25 > 0:16:28- ..so I don't like - anything that pecks.
0:16:28 > 0:16:31- Rachel - bravely ventures through them.
0:16:31 > 0:16:35- Iestyn and Luis - stay behind to find out more.
0:16:35 > 0:16:38- How much is a chicken worth?
0:16:40 > 0:16:42- Five pounds.
0:16:49 > 0:16:52- That's a proper chicken run.
0:16:52 > 0:16:54- Can I hold one?
0:16:58 > 0:17:00- Do you fancy buying one, Luis?
0:17:01 > 0:17:03- It stinks.
0:17:06 > 0:17:07- Do you want to see it?
0:17:07 > 0:17:09- Do you want to see it?- - No.
0:17:09 > 0:17:11- Don't. Please don't.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16- Iestyn - isn't a fan of chickens either.
0:17:16 > 0:17:19- What about goats then?
0:17:19 > 0:17:20- They don't kick, do they?
0:17:20 > 0:17:22- They don't kick, do they?- - I'm not sure.
0:17:28 > 0:17:30- Are you afraid of them, Iest?
0:17:32 > 0:17:35- Lots of people are laughing at me. - Don't leave me!
0:17:41 > 0:17:46- Last time they were are at a meat - stall, there were lots of flies.
0:17:46 > 0:17:51- The skin is still on the meat. - There are no flies here, are there?
0:17:51 > 0:17:53- Do you think that's a liver?
0:17:54 > 0:17:55- Which one? No idea.
0:17:56 > 0:17:58- Meat.
0:17:58 > 0:18:01- Interesting. Nice!
0:18:01 > 0:18:03- Let's move on.
0:18:12 > 0:18:15- It's an important day - at the local school too.
0:18:15 > 0:18:17- The first day of term.
0:18:17 > 0:18:21- Although there are - usually 300 pupils at this school...
0:18:22 > 0:18:24- ..there are just over 100 today...
0:18:24 > 0:18:28- ..because there is another week - to go before they all return.
0:18:29 > 0:18:33- Among them today is - James the coffee farmer's children.
0:18:35 > 0:18:39- "It was raining heavily, - we duck a bit."
0:18:39 > 0:18:42- How many of you go to school?
0:18:43 > 0:18:45- Five children who come to school.
0:18:46 > 0:18:47- Five of you?
0:18:48 > 0:18:52- She said that all the children - in her family went to school...
0:18:52 > 0:18:55- ..apart from - the three-year-old who's too young.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58- They're all at primary school - apart from the eldest...
0:18:59 > 0:19:02- ..who's 20 and at secondary school.
0:19:02 > 0:19:05- The only way they can afford it...
0:19:05 > 0:19:08- ..is because their father - sells Fairtrade coffee...
0:19:09 > 0:19:15- ..to pay for their education - and the extra costs of schooling.
0:19:15 > 0:19:16- Do you enjoy school?
0:19:16 > 0:19:18- Do you enjoy school?- - I like school.
0:19:19 > 0:19:21- When I finish education...
0:19:22 > 0:19:24- ..I want to be a teacher.
0:19:24 > 0:19:27- So do I. - I want to be a teacher as well.
0:19:27 > 0:19:31- The fact they're all in school - is a bit of a rarity here.
0:19:31 > 0:19:37- Some people can only afford - to send one child to school...
0:19:37 > 0:19:41- ..so the fact that five of them - are receiving an education...
0:19:42 > 0:19:46- ..proves how effective - Fairtrade is in this country.
0:19:52 > 0:19:55- The cherries - the Newid Byd team have picked...
0:19:56 > 0:19:58- ..have turned sour overnight.
0:19:58 > 0:20:00- They are ready for the next step.
0:20:01 > 0:20:06- James shows Arwel, Rachel and Iestyn - how to wash them meticulously.
0:20:08 > 0:20:11- So you just clean them up, yeah?
0:20:11 > 0:20:15- Anything that's floating, - you need to get rid of it.
0:20:15 > 0:20:17- It smells like wine.
0:20:17 > 0:20:20- It actually smells like wine.
0:20:20 > 0:20:21- Right, ready?
0:20:21 > 0:20:23- Right, ready?- - The dirty water is thrown away...
0:20:24 > 0:20:26- ..and the process is repeated.
0:20:26 > 0:20:28- ..and the process is repeated.- - There are still skins on them.
0:20:31 > 0:20:33- This is the second wash of three.
0:20:34 > 0:20:36- This is - going to turn into a water fight.
0:20:37 > 0:20:39- Ooh, watch out!
0:20:39 > 0:20:43- After the third wash, - the beans are ready.
0:20:46 > 0:20:49- After washing them, - James shows Luis and Ceri...
0:20:50 > 0:20:52- ..how to lay the beans out to dry.
0:20:52 > 0:20:56- They must once again separate - the good ones from the bad.
0:20:58 > 0:20:59- So you just remove the skin?
0:20:59 > 0:21:01- So you just remove the skin?- - Yes.
0:21:02 > 0:21:05- They have to be left - in intense heat...
0:21:05 > 0:21:08- ..and no rain for seven days.
0:21:08 > 0:21:12- If it rains, they need to dry out - for maybe 10 or 11 days.
0:21:12 > 0:21:18- It's strange there are still skins - on them after being washed.
0:21:19 > 0:21:21- They look like nuts to me.
0:21:22 > 0:21:24- Or birdseed.
0:21:34 > 0:21:37- The team has learnt a lot...
0:21:38 > 0:21:42- ..and appreciates the work - that goes into producing coffee.
0:21:42 > 0:21:45- I didn't realize - how precise it had to be.
0:21:45 > 0:21:49- I just thought you picked them - from a tree or something.
0:21:49 > 0:21:54- I'm really surprised how much effort - goes into the process.
0:21:56 > 0:22:01- You have to pick the beans - from the tree, wash them...
0:22:01 > 0:22:04- ..pick out the bad ones...
0:22:04 > 0:22:07- ..pulp them and wash them again.
0:22:07 > 0:22:12- Then you have to leave them ferment, - wash them a further three times...
0:22:13 > 0:22:17- ..remove the skin and let them - dry, so it's a long process.
0:22:19 > 0:22:23- The process doesn't even end here - because they then export it...
0:22:24 > 0:22:27- ..for it to be roasted - and prepared in Europe.
0:22:27 > 0:22:33- The time and effort the farmers - put into it here is incredible.
0:22:35 > 0:22:40- The advantages of fair-trade farming - are important to local farmers.
0:22:40 > 0:22:46- It's incredible to think they get - double the price of normal coffee.
0:22:46 > 0:22:51- They get - a stable income every month...
0:22:51 > 0:22:55- ..so they can plan in advance...
0:22:55 > 0:22:58- ..because they know - exactly how much they'll have.
0:22:59 > 0:23:04- James can afford to pay for - six of his children to be educated.
0:23:05 > 0:23:08- I don't drink coffee - but I appreciate how it's made.
0:23:08 > 0:23:11- Fairtrade is incredibly effective...
0:23:11 > 0:23:16- ..and I'm certainly going to support - Fairtrade products at home.
0:23:16 > 0:23:18- Bye!
0:23:18 > 0:23:20- Bye! Safe journey.
0:23:24 > 0:23:28- Next time, the team - goes to work at a tree plantation.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33- Is that... a weed?
0:23:34 > 0:23:37- Luis doesn't have - much luck collecting water.
0:23:37 > 0:23:39- That was quite embarrassing.
0:23:40 > 0:23:44- Their final project in Uganda - is to establish a library.
0:23:44 > 0:23:48- Visit the website - to find out more about the team.
0:24:12 > 0:24:14- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:24:14 > 0:24:15- .