:00:00. > :00:08.Hi, I'm Martin, live with your Sunday morning Newsround. On the way
:00:09. > :00:12.today: The big problems in the air in China.
:00:13. > :00:18.And how do astronauts get their Christmas presents?
:00:19. > :00:22.First, Manchester United fans will be waking up happy this morning
:00:23. > :00:30.after the team won 2-0 against Swansea yesterday. After three
:00:31. > :00:33.defeats in a row, things were looking a bit worrying but goals
:00:34. > :00:36.from Antonio Valencia and Danny Welbeck sealed the Reds' first
:00:37. > :00:38.victory of the New Year. Elsewhere, Chelsea travelled to Hull and won
:00:39. > :00:41.2-0 whilst Sam Allardyce's struggling West Ham got a
:00:42. > :00:45.much-needed win over Cardiff to get them out of the bottom three.
:00:46. > :00:49.Next to China, and the big problem facing its major cities. It's smog.
:00:50. > :00:52.Lots of people in China regularly wear facemasks as recent estimates
:00:53. > :00:58.suggest that half a million people die early every year because of
:00:59. > :01:02.conditions related to air pollution. The Chinese government plan to spend
:01:03. > :01:05.?180 billion on a massive clean-up. Jenny's been looking at how this
:01:06. > :01:08.affects children there, and what's being done about it.
:01:09. > :01:12.Imagine having to wear a face mask, like this, just to go to school?
:01:13. > :01:15.It's part of daily life for many children in China, like these twin
:01:16. > :01:19.girls from Beijing. The masks protect them from the air they
:01:20. > :01:24.breathe in. There are good days in China but take a look at one of the
:01:25. > :01:27.many bad ones. A thick grey smog, containing gasses and particles
:01:28. > :01:36.linked to asthma and heart trouble, covers the streets. The pollution,
:01:37. > :01:39.according to one study, is even shortening people's lives.
:01:40. > :01:42.You can't actually see some of the most damaging pollution. It's called
:01:43. > :01:49.PM 2.5 and involves particles that are microscopically small. This
:01:50. > :01:52.matters because the particles are small enough, not just to get into
:01:53. > :01:56.the lungs, but also into the bloodstream. This kind of pollution
:01:57. > :01:59.is measured by the cubic metre of air. The World Health Organisation
:02:00. > :02:03.sets a maximum limit of 25 of these particles in this space. It says we
:02:04. > :02:09.shouldn't breathe more of them within 24 hours. But a level of 200
:02:10. > :02:18.is routinely reached in many Chinese cities.
:02:19. > :02:21.The Government is trying to tackle the problem by closing coal-burning
:02:22. > :02:24.power stations which are the biggest source of pollution. They're also
:02:25. > :02:27.trying to limit traffic and officials say they're confident they
:02:28. > :02:30.can clean up. But in some cases smog has forced entire cities to close
:02:31. > :02:34.down. The International School of Beijing have taken matters into
:02:35. > :02:36.their own hands by sealing off their playground inside this massive
:02:37. > :02:39.inflatable dome, where the children play breathing filtered air. The
:02:40. > :02:42.Chinese government is banking on green technology for the future but
:02:43. > :02:55.pollution will be a reality there for years to come.
:02:56. > :02:59.Thousands of people in the American state of West Virginia are being
:03:00. > :03:02.told not to drink their tap water after a huge chemical spill in a
:03:03. > :03:05.river there. Around 300,000 people been affected and many schools and
:03:06. > :03:08.businesses closed after a chemical leaked from a storage tank into the
:03:09. > :03:11.public water treatment system. Officials say they're unsure about
:03:12. > :03:15.how dangerous the spill is. And the flooding problem is not
:03:16. > :03:18.going away. The Environment Agency is warning communities in the South
:03:19. > :03:22.East of England to be prepared for even more of it this week from
:03:23. > :03:27.ground water and rivers. After recent heavy rain, river levels are
:03:28. > :03:31.continuing to rise. Now, Christmas might be a distant
:03:32. > :03:36.memory for you guys but not for astronauts at the International
:03:37. > :03:40.Space Station. Christmas presents for the six astronauts, as well as
:03:41. > :03:43.food and equipment, were sent by NASA on Thursday on the spacecraft
:03:44. > :03:56.Cygnus and is due to arrive later this morning.
:03:57. > :04:00.All cyclists are advised to wear helmets when they get on their bike.
:04:01. > :04:04.Yours might look a little bit like this. But now a new helmet has been
:04:05. > :04:07.designed and the inside of it is made out of paper. Inventor Anirudha
:04:08. > :04:12.Surabhi studied woodpeckers when he was trying to come up with a new
:04:13. > :04:15.design as their heads take a lot of impact when it pecks. He noticed
:04:16. > :04:18.woodpeckers have a soft structure between their beak and skull and he
:04:19. > :04:24.decided to recreate this within a helmet using paper. Here's how it
:04:25. > :04:29.works. That is one layer of honeycomb cells
:04:30. > :04:36.and that is the second layer. You end up with tiny airbags. When you
:04:37. > :04:46.crash the pop and go all the way to the bottom without cracking.
:04:47. > :04:49.The Australian Open gets underway late tonight, UK time, with Andy
:04:50. > :04:53.Murray hoping his match fitness will allow him to go all the way in the
:04:54. > :04:57.Grand Slam after making a return from back surgery. Murray will play
:04:58. > :05:00.Go Soeda, who is ranked outside the top 100, in the first round on
:05:01. > :05:02.Tuesday, and defending champion Novak Djokovic says Murray could
:05:03. > :05:07.still be a threat. I'm sure he had a big problem with
:05:08. > :05:11.his back and had the surgery but we practised and played a little bit
:05:12. > :05:19.and he is striking the ball really well. It will take a little bit of
:05:20. > :05:22.time to get into matchplay mode but I'm sure he will be just fine.
:05:23. > :05:25.Over on the Newsround website, we've been asking you what you think about
:05:26. > :05:29.the new series of The Voice, which hit our TV screens last night with
:05:30. > :05:45.two new judges, Kylie Minogue and Ricky Wilson.
:05:46. > :05:51.Thanks for those comments, guys, and keep them coming in. And while
:05:52. > :05:54.you're over on the website, check out our quizzes on new coaches Kylie
:05:55. > :05:57.and Ricky Wilson. That's all from me. We're back at
:05:58. > :06:01.1:55pm.