0:39:50 > 0:39:57.
0:40:05 > 0:40:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:40:08 > 0:40:11# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:40:11 > 0:40:15# She makes sense of her senses while helping all her fans
0:40:15 > 0:40:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:40:17 > 0:40:19- # Touch your tongue- Tongue!
0:40:19 > 0:40:20- # Fingers- Fingers!
0:40:20 > 0:40:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:40:23 > 0:40:27# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:40:27 > 0:40:30# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:40:30 > 0:40:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes And Felix with our touch
0:40:32 > 0:40:36# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:40:36 > 0:40:38# Bud is Ollie's brother, he helps us with our taste
0:40:38 > 0:40:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place!
0:40:41 > 0:40:43- # Touch your tongue- Tongue!
0:40:43 > 0:40:44- # Fingers- Fingers!
0:40:44 > 0:40:47- # Eyes.- Eyes!- Ears.- Ears! - Nose.- Nose!
0:40:47 > 0:40:51# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:40:51 > 0:40:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:40:53 > 0:40:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:40:56 > 0:41:00Hello, everyone. I'm trying to find my book on cleaning. Aha!
0:41:01 > 0:41:04There it is. Oh, but it's a bit dusty!
0:41:07 > 0:41:09Oh... Oh....
0:41:09 > 0:41:12Atchoo! Oh!
0:41:12 > 0:41:16I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:41:20 > 0:41:23Hi, Nina!
0:41:23 > 0:41:24Hi, guys!
0:41:24 > 0:41:28We've got a question for you.
0:41:28 > 0:41:31Why do some things make us sneeze?
0:41:31 > 0:41:35That's a great question. Why do some things make us sneeze?
0:41:35 > 0:41:36I've noticed that too.
0:41:36 > 0:41:40In fact, some dusty dust just made me sneeze a minute ago!
0:41:40 > 0:41:44Come down to my lab and we'll do some experiments to investigate.
0:41:44 > 0:41:48ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:41:48 > 0:41:52I'm going to need some help and I know just who to ask.
0:41:52 > 0:41:54OK, Neurons. Time to get to work.
0:42:11 > 0:42:13ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:42:13 > 0:42:18OK. Today's question is why do some things make us sneeze?
0:42:18 > 0:42:22Which Neuron do you think would be most useful in helping us?
0:42:22 > 0:42:24ALL: Me! Me! Me!
0:42:24 > 0:42:27Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:42:27 > 0:42:31I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:42:31 > 0:42:33Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:42:33 > 0:42:35I send messages to brain from ear,
0:42:35 > 0:42:38if there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:42:38 > 0:42:39Will it be lovely Luke?
0:42:39 > 0:42:41For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:42:41 > 0:42:44I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:42:44 > 0:42:49- Will it be awesome Ollie?- If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:42:49 > 0:42:51my messages help your sense of smell.
0:42:51 > 0:42:55- Or will it be baby Bud? - Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,
0:42:55 > 0:42:59I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:43:01 > 0:43:04- It's Ollie! - CHEERING
0:43:04 > 0:43:07ALL: Go Ollie! Go Ollie!
0:43:07 > 0:43:12Go Ollie! Go Ollie! Go Ollie! Go Ollie! Go Ollie!
0:43:12 > 0:43:15Standing by to smell and tell, Nina.
0:43:15 > 0:43:19Today's question is why do some things make us sneeze?
0:43:19 > 0:43:21Because we sneeze through our nose,
0:43:21 > 0:43:23Ollie, our smell Neuron, will be helping us.
0:43:23 > 0:43:27I'd better get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:43:28 > 0:43:32Mika likes go-carting, Ryan likes camping
0:43:32 > 0:43:33and Molly loves fajitas,
0:43:33 > 0:43:37but they all want to know why some things make us sneeze.
0:43:37 > 0:43:42So, today, Mika, Ryan and Molly become the experimenters.
0:43:43 > 0:43:49- Hi, guys.- Hi, Nina.- Come on in. Welcome to my science lab.
0:43:49 > 0:43:52You asked, "Why do some things make us sneeze?"
0:43:52 > 0:43:53which is a great question
0:43:53 > 0:43:56- But why do you want to know? - Because sometimes we sneeze
0:43:56 > 0:44:01- even when we don't have a cold. - And we want to know why.
0:44:01 > 0:44:04You're absolutely right. Lots of things can make us sneeze.
0:44:04 > 0:44:08There must be a reason for all this sneezin'!
0:44:08 > 0:44:11Let's do some investigating to find out more.
0:44:11 > 0:44:14For our first experiment, we're using our senses.
0:44:14 > 0:44:18ALL: Whoop-woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina.
0:44:18 > 0:44:21Sneezes often start with a tickle in our nose.
0:44:21 > 0:44:25We're going to do an experiment to find out what might make our noses
0:44:25 > 0:44:27itchy and tickly enough to sneeze.
0:44:27 > 0:44:32So, we've all got some strong smelling peppercorns.
0:44:32 > 0:44:36You've also got some fluffy feather dusters.
0:44:36 > 0:44:40Your task is to test them on your noses to see if they tickle.
0:44:40 > 0:44:45- But be careful not to stick anything up there.- No! That could be painful!
0:44:45 > 0:44:50We've put covers on these peppercorns so they can't escape.
0:44:50 > 0:44:52So you're going to take a big sniff
0:44:52 > 0:44:56and if you think you're going to sneeze, use a tissue.
0:44:56 > 0:45:00Sneezing can spread nasty invisible germs that can make us ill.
0:45:00 > 0:45:03Have a little shake of your peppercorns.
0:45:03 > 0:45:05And sniff!
0:45:07 > 0:45:11- What did they smell like? - They smell quite spicy.
0:45:11 > 0:45:17- Any sneezy feelings? - My nose feels really scratchy.
0:45:17 > 0:45:20The special stuff in pepper that can cause a tickle
0:45:20 > 0:45:24is called piperine. Some of us are more sensitive to it than others.
0:45:24 > 0:45:26Let me have a smell.
0:45:30 > 0:45:32Can you feel the piperine, Felix?
0:45:32 > 0:45:35Ah... Ah... Atchoo!
0:45:35 > 0:45:38Atchoo!
0:45:38 > 0:45:41I certainly can!
0:45:41 > 0:45:43Ah...choo!
0:45:43 > 0:45:45Oh! Ho-ho!
0:45:45 > 0:45:48Peppercorns certainly can make us sneeze.
0:45:48 > 0:45:52Let's try the feather dusters now. Give each other a gentle tickle
0:45:52 > 0:45:55on the end of the nose.
0:45:55 > 0:45:58THEY GIGGLE That was all over my face!
0:46:00 > 0:46:02OK!
0:46:04 > 0:46:06So what does that feel like?
0:46:06 > 0:46:10- Very tickly. - It gave me a tickly nose.
0:46:10 > 0:46:14Yes. When things like a strong smell or a tickly feather
0:46:14 > 0:46:17get inside our nose, it can react by feeling itchy.
0:46:17 > 0:46:21This can make us want to rub it and our nose can also run a little.
0:46:21 > 0:46:25If our noses are tickled and itchy enough, it can make us sneeze.
0:46:25 > 0:46:30Some of us don't sneeze very easily, unless we have a cold,
0:46:30 > 0:46:33but other people have really sneezy noses that get tickled
0:46:33 > 0:46:36by all sorts of things that can be in the air.
0:46:36 > 0:46:42- What sort of things make you sneeze? - Flowers.- The dust makes me sneeze.
0:46:42 > 0:46:46So, our senses experiment has shown us that lots of things
0:46:46 > 0:46:50can make a sneeze start. Now we need to find out what happens next.
0:46:50 > 0:46:55I know just the place to race ahead with our discoveries. Let's go!
0:46:55 > 0:46:57ALL: Yay!
0:47:01 > 0:47:06- I wonder where Nina is taking us. - Nina said "racing ahead".
0:47:06 > 0:47:10Ah, yes! I love racing! I hope I win.
0:47:10 > 0:47:14Winning isn't everything, Bud. It's just fun to take part.
0:47:14 > 0:47:19Well, we're here and I don't think you'll be winning this race, Bud.
0:47:20 > 0:47:24OK, I've brought you to this race track to show you something amazing
0:47:24 > 0:47:29about sneezes. Watch very carefully as I pretend to sneeze.
0:47:29 > 0:47:34But first, put on your ear defenders. It's going to get noisy.
0:47:34 > 0:47:36How loud is Nina going to sneeze?
0:47:36 > 0:47:39OK, here goes!
0:47:39 > 0:47:41Ah... Ah...
0:47:41 > 0:47:44- Ah... Atchoo! - CAR ZOOMS
0:47:44 > 0:47:46Ooh!
0:47:46 > 0:47:49Wow! Nina just sneezed out a car!
0:47:49 > 0:47:52It came from behind her, not out of her.
0:47:52 > 0:47:57Ha-ha-ha! You're probably wondering what a racing car
0:47:57 > 0:48:01has to do with sneezes. A sneeze travels at around the same speed
0:48:01 > 0:48:06- as that racing car just did - 100 miles an hour.- ALL: Wow!
0:48:06 > 0:48:11That's why it's really important to cover your nose and mouth
0:48:11 > 0:48:13with a tissue when you sneeze.
0:48:13 > 0:48:17Because germs can fly out as fast as that car.
0:48:17 > 0:48:21That's right, Ollie. We can't see the germs cos they're tiny bugs,
0:48:21 > 0:48:25but some germs can make us ill, so after you sneeze into the tissue,
0:48:25 > 0:48:27put it straight in the bin.
0:48:27 > 0:48:33- Which part of our bodies do we use to sneeze?- ALL: Our noses.
0:48:33 > 0:48:38Yes! It starts with our nose, but we use many parts of our bodies
0:48:38 > 0:48:43to sneeze. The sneeze starts when something tickles our nose.
0:48:43 > 0:48:46The nose feels this and sends a message to our brain.
0:48:46 > 0:48:50Our brain sends lots of instructions to different parts of our bodies
0:48:50 > 0:48:53telling them it's time to sneeze.
0:48:53 > 0:48:57Let's try a practice sneeze together so we see all the parts in action.
0:48:57 > 0:49:00Put your hand just above your tummy and breathe in...
0:49:00 > 0:49:05- What can you feel? - ALL: It's getting bigger.
0:49:05 > 0:49:07This is our chest filling with air.
0:49:07 > 0:49:10When we sneeze, we push the air really quickly
0:49:10 > 0:49:14up the windpipe and out. Now let's take another big breath.
0:49:14 > 0:49:19This time, after three, we're going to let out a big sneeze.
0:49:19 > 0:49:22One, two, three...
0:49:22 > 0:49:25Atchoo!
0:49:25 > 0:49:30We're only pretending to sneeze. A real sneeze happens all by itself
0:49:30 > 0:49:35- because sneezing is what we call a reflex.- What's a reflex, Nina?
0:49:35 > 0:49:38A reflex is something our body does all by itself, like blinking,
0:49:38 > 0:49:43or yawning. We don't need to think. Our body does it all on its own.
0:49:43 > 0:49:46So we've discovered that sneezing is a reflex.
0:49:46 > 0:49:50It uses lots of parts of the body, not just our nose,
0:49:50 > 0:49:55and travels at 100 miles an hour, just like a racing car.
0:49:55 > 0:49:57But why does it do this?
0:49:57 > 0:50:02- Let's go back to the lab for one final experiment.- ALL: Yay!
0:50:03 > 0:50:08OK, these air cannons are going to be our pretend noses.
0:50:08 > 0:50:14If you watch carefully, I'm going to pull this out
0:50:14 > 0:50:17and...let it go!
0:50:17 > 0:50:19Ha-ha-ha! What did you feel?
0:50:19 > 0:50:21Wind.
0:50:21 > 0:50:25That's right. A blast of air comes out, just like a sneeze.
0:50:25 > 0:50:28And you're going to fill up these pretend noses
0:50:28 > 0:50:30with some tickly feathers.
0:50:30 > 0:50:33You should never put anything up your nose, Nina.
0:50:33 > 0:50:38That's right, Ollie. We're putting feathers into our pretend noses
0:50:38 > 0:50:42for the purposes of our experiment. We'd never do it with a real nose.
0:50:42 > 0:50:44OK, guys, get filling!
0:50:50 > 0:50:55The tickly feathers are in. It's time to get those noses sneezing.
0:50:55 > 0:50:58OK, so everyone carefully pick up your air cannon
0:50:58 > 0:51:01and face the feathers away from you.
0:51:01 > 0:51:03That's it.
0:51:03 > 0:51:05And on my command,
0:51:05 > 0:51:07Ryan, go!
0:51:07 > 0:51:10Look at those feathers flying.
0:51:10 > 0:51:12Mika, go!
0:51:12 > 0:51:14Molly, go!
0:51:15 > 0:51:17Ay!
0:51:17 > 0:51:21Brilliant! That was superb!
0:51:21 > 0:51:24What does this experiment tell us about sneezes?
0:51:24 > 0:51:28What do you think a sneeze might be doing to help your nose?
0:51:28 > 0:51:31- Getting rid of the thing that's tickling it.- That's right.
0:51:31 > 0:51:36When a nose feels something inside it that shouldn't be in there,
0:51:36 > 0:51:40we sneeze. The sneezing reflex is trying to blast away
0:51:40 > 0:51:42whatever the tickly thing is.
0:51:47 > 0:51:50Your question was, "Why do some things make us sneeze?"
0:51:50 > 0:51:55And I think we've answered it. We discovered sneezing is a reflex,
0:51:55 > 0:51:58which means it's something the body does all by itself.
0:51:58 > 0:52:02Sneezing often starts when something tickles inside our nose.
0:52:02 > 0:52:06This can be a strong smell, something tickly like a feather,
0:52:06 > 0:52:10or dust that gets into our nose and makes it itchy.
0:52:10 > 0:52:13Our nose doesn't like having things inside it.
0:52:13 > 0:52:16If it feels something tickling, the nose sends a message to the brain
0:52:16 > 0:52:20to make us sneeze to get rid of the tickly thing.
0:52:20 > 0:52:24The sneeze can blast out at a super-speedy 100 miles per hour,
0:52:24 > 0:52:27spreading lots of invisible germs.
0:52:27 > 0:52:30That's why we must always sneeze into a tissue
0:52:30 > 0:52:34and throw it in the bin. I hope that's answered your question.
0:52:34 > 0:52:37- ALL: Thanks, Nina. Bye!- Bye.
0:52:41 > 0:52:45If you want to find out more about the science that's all around us,
0:52:45 > 0:52:49go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:52:49 > 0:52:52# Hearts beating, lungs breathing
0:52:52 > 0:52:54# Fingers feeling, mouths eating
0:52:54 > 0:52:56# And don't forget your brain!
0:52:56 > 0:52:59# Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
0:52:59 > 0:53:01# Inside and out
0:53:01 > 0:53:04# Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
0:53:04 > 0:53:06# Come on, let's find out about
0:53:06 > 0:53:09# A handy hand and bendy knees
0:53:09 > 0:53:12# Stretchy backs and noses that sneeze
0:53:12 > 0:53:14# We all have brilliant bodies
0:53:14 > 0:53:16# Brilliant bodies!
0:53:16 > 0:53:19# Every part has a job to do
0:53:19 > 0:53:22# Even scabs and earwax too
0:53:22 > 0:53:25# We all have brilliant bodies
0:53:25 > 0:53:26# Brilliant bodies!
0:53:26 > 0:53:30# Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
0:53:30 > 0:53:32# Lashes to protect our eyes
0:53:32 > 0:53:35# Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
0:53:35 > 0:53:38# And don't forget to exercise. #
0:53:38 > 0:53:41I really enjoyed myself today.
0:53:41 > 0:53:44That spicy pepper certainly tickled our noses.
0:53:44 > 0:53:46I've had a fabby day,
0:53:46 > 0:53:51finding out that a sneeze is as fast a racing car!
0:53:51 > 0:53:55Ah, it's been such a great day, man,
0:53:55 > 0:53:59watching all those tickly, colourful feathers flying everywhere.
0:53:59 > 0:54:03And remember, everyone's body is different but they're all brilliant.
0:54:03 > 0:54:05See you again soon. Bye!
0:54:05 > 0:54:07ALL: Bye!
0:54:07 > 0:54:09Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
0:54:09 > 0:54:11Email us subtitling@bbc.co.uk