0:00:06 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help, cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses, while helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:22- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- # Nose - Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:30# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:30 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:39# Bud is Ollie's brother, he helps us with our taste
0:00:39 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Nose - Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:50- # Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know.- Yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:01:00Go on! Go on! Who's going to win?
0:01:00 > 0:01:01Oh, hello there!
0:01:01 > 0:01:06I've just been tidying the workshop, and I found these cool dinosaurs!
0:01:06 > 0:01:09Which one do you think would have the loudest roar?
0:01:09 > 0:01:11This one? With the long neck?
0:01:11 > 0:01:12SHE ROARS
0:01:15 > 0:01:16SHE LAUGHS
0:01:16 > 0:01:18Or...
0:01:18 > 0:01:20this one!
0:01:20 > 0:01:22SHE ROARS
0:01:22 > 0:01:23Hmm? Hmm.
0:01:23 > 0:01:24COMPUTER BEEPS
0:01:24 > 0:01:26Oh!
0:01:26 > 0:01:29I hear a beep, I see a flash. I wonder what they're going to ask!
0:01:29 > 0:01:30COMPUTER BEEPS
0:01:31 > 0:01:33MOUSE CLICKS
0:01:34 > 0:01:36ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:01:36 > 0:01:37Hi!
0:01:37 > 0:01:39We've got a question for you.
0:01:39 > 0:01:42How do we know about dinosaurs?
0:01:42 > 0:01:43That's a great question.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46How do we know about dinosaurs?
0:01:46 > 0:01:48Now, we see lots of dinosaur toys and books,
0:01:48 > 0:01:50but how do we know about them?
0:01:50 > 0:01:53Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?
0:01:53 > 0:01:56ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:56 > 0:01:57Bye!
0:01:57 > 0:02:00Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:02:00 > 0:02:02and I know just who to ask.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04OK, Neurons, time to get to work!
0:02:18 > 0:02:22ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:22 > 0:02:26OK. Today's question is, "How do we know about dinosaurs?" ROAR!
0:02:26 > 0:02:28Now, which Neuron do you think will be most useful
0:02:28 > 0:02:30in helping us find the answer?
0:02:30 > 0:02:33ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:35 > 0:02:40I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:42 > 0:02:46I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:48 > 0:02:50For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:50 > 0:02:52I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:52 > 0:02:55Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:55 > 0:02:57If it's pongy or whiffy, but you can't tell,
0:02:57 > 0:02:59my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:59 > 0:03:01Or will it be baby Bud?
0:03:01 > 0:03:06Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:03:06 > 0:03:08COMPUTER BEEPS
0:03:09 > 0:03:12It's Felix and Luke!
0:03:12 > 0:03:13CHEERING
0:03:13 > 0:03:15# Go, Felix! Go, Luke!
0:03:15 > 0:03:16# Go, Felix! Go, Luke!
0:03:16 > 0:03:19# Go, Felix! Go, Luke! #
0:03:21 > 0:03:24Today's question is, "How do we know about dinosaurs?"
0:03:24 > 0:03:27We're going to be looking and touching things,
0:03:27 > 0:03:28which the dinosaurs left behind,
0:03:28 > 0:03:32so Luke and Felix will be helping us today, but, stand by, Neurons.
0:03:32 > 0:03:34I have a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:03:34 > 0:03:38Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the Explorers arrive.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42Sian loves her family.
0:03:43 > 0:03:44Max loves playing chess.
0:03:45 > 0:03:48And Jonathan loves his new red shoes.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52But they all want to know, "How do we know about dinosaurs?"
0:03:52 > 0:03:54Dinosaurs are really cool.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57I've never seen a real dinosaur.
0:03:57 > 0:03:59So, how do we know about them?
0:04:01 > 0:04:02So, today, for one day only,
0:04:02 > 0:04:06Sian, Max and Jonathan become the Explorers!
0:04:11 > 0:04:13- Hi, guys! - ALL: Hi, Nina.
0:04:13 > 0:04:16Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question,
0:04:16 > 0:04:19"How do we know about dinosaurs?"
0:04:19 > 0:04:22To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
0:04:22 > 0:04:25ALL: Woop-woo! A senses experiment!
0:04:25 > 0:04:26# We're ready, Nina! #
0:04:26 > 0:04:30First, let's have a look at some pictures of dinosaurs.
0:04:30 > 0:04:32They look brilliant, don't they?
0:04:32 > 0:04:34They look really big.
0:04:34 > 0:04:36- LUKE:- We don't see them in the park, Nina.
0:04:36 > 0:04:40No-one has ever seen a real, live dinosaur, because they died out
0:04:40 > 0:04:46a very, very, very long time ago, way before people lived on Earth.
0:04:46 > 0:04:47So, how do we know about them
0:04:47 > 0:04:49when we weren't alive when they were here?
0:04:49 > 0:04:53Well, dinosaurs left us some clues.
0:04:53 > 0:04:54I have some special rocks here
0:04:54 > 0:04:58and they've got some funny shapes on them.
0:04:58 > 0:04:59Why don't you pass those along?
0:04:59 > 0:05:01You have a look at that one, Max.
0:05:01 > 0:05:03Sian.
0:05:03 > 0:05:05What do they look like to you?
0:05:05 > 0:05:07They look like seashells.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10You're right, they do look like shells, and how do they feel?
0:05:10 > 0:05:12Bumpy.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14These aren't just any old rocks.
0:05:14 > 0:05:16They're special rocks called fossils.
0:05:16 > 0:05:19Fossils are plants or animals that lived on Earth
0:05:19 > 0:05:24a very long time ago and, sometimes, when a plant or animal died,
0:05:24 > 0:05:25they turned into rocks,
0:05:25 > 0:05:28and it took a long time for them to work out what they were,
0:05:28 > 0:05:30because they looked so strange!
0:05:30 > 0:05:33Are fossils inside all rocks, Nina?
0:05:33 > 0:05:37That's a great question, and, no, fossils aren't inside all rocks.
0:05:37 > 0:05:41In fact, when most creatures died, they didn't turn into fossils.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44Fossils are only found in special places where
0:05:44 > 0:05:46the conditions are just right.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48Where do we find fossils, Nina?
0:05:48 > 0:05:51We need to go somewhere special to find them.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56FELIX: I wonder where Nina is taking us.
0:05:56 > 0:05:59- BELLE:- Nina said it's a big, special place.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03- BUD:- The cinema, that's special, cos you get popcorn!
0:06:03 > 0:06:07LUKE: No cinema, but it does look big and special.
0:06:08 > 0:06:11So, Explorers, we know that years and years and years ago,
0:06:11 > 0:06:15before people were around, dinosaurs lived on the Earth
0:06:15 > 0:06:17and they left behind some clues.
0:06:17 > 0:06:19ALL: Fossils!
0:06:19 > 0:06:23Yeah, that's right! And I know just the person to help us find some.
0:06:23 > 0:06:24This is Tom.
0:06:24 > 0:06:25Hi, everyone.
0:06:25 > 0:06:26ALL: Hi, Tom!
0:06:26 > 0:06:28Tom is a fossil expert,
0:06:28 > 0:06:32but you should never go looking for fossils on a beach without an adult.
0:06:32 > 0:06:34Tom here knows exactly where to look,
0:06:34 > 0:06:37and you should never take fossils away from the beach.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39Leave them for everyone to enjoy.
0:06:39 > 0:06:41So, let's see if we can find some fossils.
0:06:41 > 0:06:44Let's go fossil hunting! Come with me!
0:07:13 > 0:07:16Well done, Explorers! We found lots of different fossils!
0:07:16 > 0:07:20- Thank you so much for your help, Tom.- ALL: Thanks, Tom!
0:07:21 > 0:07:23What does this fossil look like?
0:07:23 > 0:07:24A seashell.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26That's right, it does,
0:07:26 > 0:07:30and lots of the fossils that we found today were sea creatures.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33That's because the bottom of the sea had exactly
0:07:33 > 0:07:35the right conditions to make fossils.
0:07:35 > 0:07:38But it wasn't just sea creatures that became fossils.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41Dinosaurs that lived on the land also became fossils,
0:07:41 > 0:07:45but only if they were covered by a river or the sea after they died.
0:07:45 > 0:07:48How did the sea make them into fossils?
0:07:48 > 0:07:49That's a great question!
0:07:49 > 0:07:52Well, after they died, the sea covered them up
0:07:52 > 0:07:55with lots of layers of mud very quickly.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59This protected the creature and after many, many years
0:07:59 > 0:08:04in the mud, the creatures' bones turned into rock, a special rock.
0:08:04 > 0:08:08So, fossils can show us what plants and creatures used to look like,
0:08:08 > 0:08:13and you can even find fossils of dinosaur poo and sick!
0:08:13 > 0:08:15And they're able to give us clues about what they ate!
0:08:15 > 0:08:18So, let's go and have a look at some other special rocks,
0:08:18 > 0:08:20and you can tell me what you think they are.
0:08:20 > 0:08:21This way!
0:08:23 > 0:08:25What do these look like?
0:08:25 > 0:08:27ALL: Footprints!
0:08:27 > 0:08:29Yeah! They are dinosaur footprints.
0:08:29 > 0:08:33They're a bit like the footprints we leave on sand when we walk on it.
0:08:33 > 0:08:35So, let's have a look at some more.
0:08:37 > 0:08:39ALL: Wow!
0:08:39 > 0:08:42And these footprints tell us other things as well.
0:08:45 > 0:08:48Look at these great pretend dinosaurs!
0:08:50 > 0:08:53So, you asked, "How do we know about dinosaurs?"
0:08:53 > 0:08:57And, so far, we've found out some dinosaurs left footprints.
0:08:57 > 0:08:59But what can footprints tell us?
0:08:59 > 0:09:00Well, let's find out.
0:09:00 > 0:09:04Each of you is going to be a different kind of dinosaur.
0:09:04 > 0:09:06Oh, I could do that!
0:09:06 > 0:09:08I could be a dinosaur!
0:09:08 > 0:09:09OLLIE LAUGHS
0:09:09 > 0:09:10OK, Bud!
0:09:10 > 0:09:13Now, Max, you're going to go first.
0:09:13 > 0:09:16So, can I ask you to step into the red paint?
0:09:16 > 0:09:18That's it.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20SHE LAUGHS
0:09:20 > 0:09:23So, you're going to walk very slowly along this paper,
0:09:23 > 0:09:27and I'd also like to hear your dinosaur roar as you go.
0:09:32 > 0:09:34HE ROARS
0:09:42 > 0:09:44HE ROARS
0:09:46 > 0:09:50Well done, Max, that was brilliant! OK, Jonathan, it's your turn.
0:09:50 > 0:09:53Take my hand and step into the blue paint.
0:09:53 > 0:09:55So, your dinosaur footprints are going to be blue
0:09:55 > 0:09:58and I'd like you to walk a little bit faster.
0:09:58 > 0:10:01Step onto the paper. OK, off you go!
0:10:06 > 0:10:08Good!
0:10:08 > 0:10:09And then a big roar to finish.
0:10:09 > 0:10:11HE ROARS
0:10:11 > 0:10:13Finally, I think we need a fast-moving dinosaur,
0:10:13 > 0:10:17so, Sian, can I ask you to step into the green paint.
0:10:17 > 0:10:18Woo!
0:10:18 > 0:10:20SHE LAUGHS
0:10:20 > 0:10:22Now, Sian, I would like you to go quite fast
0:10:22 > 0:10:25along the piece of paper, and don't forget your roar.
0:10:25 > 0:10:26Off you go!
0:10:29 > 0:10:31SHE ROARS
0:10:31 > 0:10:33Hey!
0:10:33 > 0:10:37Well done, guys! That was brilliant! Now, look at that.
0:10:37 > 0:10:41All the footprints are different. What are yours like?
0:10:41 > 0:10:42Close together.
0:10:42 > 0:10:46Yes, and these footprints show us that you were moving slowly.
0:10:49 > 0:10:51Now, this is a T-rex.
0:10:51 > 0:10:54It's a big, slower-moving dinosaur.
0:10:54 > 0:10:56SHE LAUGHS
0:10:56 > 0:10:58And, Jonathan, what are your footprints like?
0:10:58 > 0:11:00More spread out.
0:11:00 > 0:11:01That's right!
0:11:01 > 0:11:04And footprints like yours show us that you were moving a bit faster.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07Now, this is an Iguanodon
0:11:07 > 0:11:10and it's a faster-moving dinosaur.
0:11:10 > 0:11:12And, Sian, what about your footprints?
0:11:12 > 0:11:14There are big gaps in-between.
0:11:14 > 0:11:18Yes! These showed us that you were moving even faster.
0:11:18 > 0:11:21Now, this is an Ornithomimus.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24It's a very fast-moving dinosaur.
0:11:24 > 0:11:27So, scientists can work out how dinosaurs moved
0:11:27 > 0:11:32from their footprints, and what shape they were from their bones.
0:11:32 > 0:11:34What about their colour?
0:11:34 > 0:11:38Well, we don't know about that, exactly, but look at this.
0:11:38 > 0:11:41Dinosaurs might have been red.
0:11:41 > 0:11:42Or, even...
0:11:42 > 0:11:44multicoloured.
0:11:44 > 0:11:46But it's more likely they were like this,
0:11:46 > 0:11:50the same kind of colours as crocodiles and lizards.
0:11:50 > 0:11:52They would have lived amongst the trees,
0:11:52 > 0:11:55so they probably would have been dark brown or green,
0:11:55 > 0:11:57but scientists don't really know.
0:11:57 > 0:12:00Explorers, let me hear your dinosaur roars!
0:12:00 > 0:12:01ALL ROAR TOGETHER
0:12:01 > 0:12:03NINA LAUGHS AND ROARS
0:12:03 > 0:12:06# Nina and the Neurons! #
0:12:07 > 0:12:11So, your question was, "How do we know about dinosaurs?"
0:12:11 > 0:12:12And I think we answered it.
0:12:12 > 0:12:15LUKE: I like looking at the dinosaur clues
0:12:15 > 0:12:17from years and years and years ago.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21- FELIX:- We got to touch the fossils. They were really hard.
0:12:21 > 0:12:23- OLLIE:- Fossil-finding at the beach was fun.
0:12:23 > 0:12:26Oh, I love the smell of the seaside!
0:12:26 > 0:12:29BUD: I loved the dinosaur footprints.
0:12:29 > 0:12:32I could be a jumping dinosaur!
0:12:32 > 0:12:34So, I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:34 > 0:12:36ALL: Thanks, Nina. Bye!
0:12:36 > 0:12:38You're welcome. Bye!
0:12:40 > 0:12:41MOUSE CLICKS
0:12:41 > 0:12:44If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:44 > 0:12:48go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:48 > 0:12:53# Every day the sun comes up it brightens up the sky
0:12:53 > 0:12:56# A brand-new day to understand
0:12:56 > 0:13:00- # A chance to ask ourselves why - Why?
0:13:00 > 0:13:04# There's a world of possibilities outside our front door
0:13:04 > 0:13:06# Front door
0:13:06 > 0:13:11# So every day take a look around and explore
0:13:11 > 0:13:14- # Explore,- explore,- explore - explore
0:13:14 > 0:13:17- # Exploring in the garden - Grass
0:13:17 > 0:13:20- # Exploring in the park - Rivers
0:13:20 > 0:13:22- # Exploring in the daytime - Mountains
0:13:22 > 0:13:25- # And even when it's dark - Planets
0:13:25 > 0:13:28# Look at the Earth, look at the sky
0:13:28 > 0:13:30# Look at the world before us
0:13:30 > 0:13:33- # Explore,- explore,- explore,- explore
0:13:33 > 0:13:36# We're always on the lookout
0:13:36 > 0:13:39- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh o-oh
0:13:39 > 0:13:42- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh o-oh
0:13:42 > 0:13:44# We're Earth explorers. #
0:13:46 > 0:13:49And remember, exploring is about looking at the world around us,
0:13:49 > 0:13:52asking why, and finding out the answer.
0:13:52 > 0:13:55So, whether it's deep underground, at the end of your playground
0:13:55 > 0:13:59or way above the clouds, let's keep exploring our exciting world.
0:13:59 > 0:14:02See you again soon. Bye.
0:14:02 > 0:14:03ALL: Bye.
0:14:03 > 0:14:06Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd