0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:12# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:12 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses Helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19# Touch your tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20# Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:22# Eyes! Ears!
0:00:22 > 0:00:23# Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle, she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons They're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43# Touch your tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44# Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:46# Eyes! Ears!
0:00:46 > 0:00:47# Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:00:59Oh, hello!
0:00:59 > 0:01:02These aren't mine. They're a present for a friend.
0:01:02 > 0:01:06Some lovely stripy socks in a cool stripy box.
0:01:06 > 0:01:09Beep! Beep!
0:01:09 > 0:01:12I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:17 > 0:01:19- Hi, Nina!- Hi, Nina!
0:01:19 > 0:01:20Hi.
0:01:20 > 0:01:22We've got a question for you.
0:01:22 > 0:01:24Why are some rocks stripy?
0:01:24 > 0:01:26That's a great question!
0:01:26 > 0:01:28Why are some rocks stripy?
0:01:28 > 0:01:31There are lots of different types of rocks,
0:01:31 > 0:01:33some of them have stripes on them!
0:01:33 > 0:01:36Come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39ALL: See you soon, Nina! Bye!
0:01:39 > 0:01:41Bye!
0:01:41 > 0:01:44Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:44 > 0:01:47and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons. Time to get to work.
0:02:01 > 0:02:04ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:04 > 0:02:08OK, today's question is, "Why are some rocks stripy?"
0:02:08 > 0:02:11Which Neuron do you think will be most useful
0:02:11 > 0:02:14- in helping us find the answer? - Me!- Me!- Me!
0:02:14 > 0:02:15- Me!- Me!- Me!
0:02:15 > 0:02:18Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:18 > 0:02:22I can help so very much, if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:22 > 0:02:24Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:24 > 0:02:26I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:28 > 0:02:30Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:30 > 0:02:32For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:32 > 0:02:35I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:35 > 0:02:37Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:37 > 0:02:38If it's pongy or whiffy,
0:02:38 > 0:02:42but you can't tell, my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:42 > 0:02:43Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:43 > 0:02:46Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,
0:02:46 > 0:02:48I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:02:52 > 0:02:54It's Luke!
0:03:02 > 0:03:06Cool, Nina. I'll be looking out to help you.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09Today's question is, "Why are some rocks stripy?"
0:03:09 > 0:03:12Because we can see stripes, Luke, our sight Neuron,
0:03:12 > 0:03:15will be helping us today, but stand by, Neurons,
0:03:15 > 0:03:18I have a feeling I may need help from you all.
0:03:18 > 0:03:22I need to get the workshop ready before the Explorers arrive.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26Lilly Ann likes walking her dog Robbie,
0:03:26 > 0:03:27Alfie loves motorbikes
0:03:27 > 0:03:30and Christie loves lasagne!
0:03:30 > 0:03:33They all want to know why some rocks are stripy.
0:03:33 > 0:03:35Rocks look all different.
0:03:35 > 0:03:38There's big, stripy rocks near my house.
0:03:38 > 0:03:40Why are they stripy?
0:03:43 > 0:03:48For one day only, Lilly Ann, Alfie and Christie become the Explorers!
0:03:53 > 0:03:54Hi, guys!
0:03:54 > 0:03:55ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:03:55 > 0:03:59Welcome to my workshop, and thank you for your great question -
0:03:59 > 0:04:01why are some rocks stripy?
0:04:01 > 0:04:04To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
0:04:04 > 0:04:08Woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:08 > 0:04:12Let's have a closer look at these rocks.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16- They all look different, don't they?- Yes.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19There are lots of types of rock and they all look
0:04:19 > 0:04:20and feel different.
0:04:20 > 0:04:22Some are shiny,
0:04:22 > 0:04:24some are rough,
0:04:24 > 0:04:26some are sparkly
0:04:26 > 0:04:28and some are even stripy.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31They're all different colours, too.
0:04:31 > 0:04:33Let's play a game.
0:04:33 > 0:04:37We'll see how many different colours of rock there are by sorting them.
0:04:37 > 0:04:39- Ready?- Yes.
0:04:39 > 0:04:40OK, let's go!
0:05:12 > 0:05:15That looks great. Well done, everyone!
0:05:15 > 0:05:17Super quick sorting!
0:05:17 > 0:05:20- What colours do we have?- White.
0:05:20 > 0:05:22Brown.
0:05:22 > 0:05:26Yes! And there's also black, gold and purple.
0:05:26 > 0:05:29And rocks are different colours because lots of them
0:05:29 > 0:05:31are made of different minerals!
0:05:31 > 0:05:35Minerals... I like the sound of that word.
0:05:35 > 0:05:37Some rocks are made of minerals
0:05:37 > 0:05:40and minerals are in lots of other things, too,
0:05:40 > 0:05:44like sand and soil and even salt.
0:05:44 > 0:05:46I've got some minerals here.
0:05:46 > 0:05:50Minerals are made naturally in the world around us,
0:05:50 > 0:05:52and they are all different colours,
0:05:52 > 0:05:56but there are lots more of some minerals than others.
0:05:56 > 0:05:59That's why it's easier to find a brown or a grey rock
0:05:59 > 0:06:02than a blue or a yellow one.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05Look, we have a stripy rock!
0:06:05 > 0:06:09For a stripy rock, you need at least two different colours.
0:06:09 > 0:06:13Each coloured part is made of a slightly different type of rock.
0:06:13 > 0:06:16How are stripes made, Nina?
0:06:16 > 0:06:19Let's go to a very special shop to find out.
0:06:24 > 0:06:27Hmm, where do you think we're going today?
0:06:27 > 0:06:30Nina said we were going to a very special shop.
0:06:30 > 0:06:35Maybe we're going to a cheese shop to taste lots of yummy cheese.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38And smell it, too. Cheese smells great.
0:06:39 > 0:06:42Well, we're about to find out, guys!
0:06:43 > 0:06:45So, in order to answer your question -
0:06:45 > 0:06:47why are some rocks stripy? -
0:06:47 > 0:06:51we've come to this very special shop... A sand shop!
0:06:51 > 0:06:56So far, we've found out that rocks come in all different shapes, sizes
0:06:56 > 0:07:00and colours, and that's because they're made of different minerals.
0:07:00 > 0:07:03Different minerals make rocks different colours.
0:07:03 > 0:07:07But now we want to find out how stripy rocks are made.
0:07:07 > 0:07:10- Shall we go inside and do an experiment?- Yeah!- Let's go!
0:07:12 > 0:07:16Here we have some little jars, and we're going to fill them up
0:07:16 > 0:07:18with lots of different coloured sand.
0:07:18 > 0:07:21Pick a colour and put a spoonful into the jar,
0:07:21 > 0:07:24then pick another colour, and another,
0:07:24 > 0:07:27until it's filled up right to the top! Let's fill!
0:07:42 > 0:07:46Oh, Nina could make a multi-coloured sand castle!
0:07:57 > 0:08:00Well done, everyone! These are great sand jars!
0:08:00 > 0:08:03Look at all the different colours you've chosen.
0:08:03 > 0:08:06- What do they look like? - Stripy rocks.- They do!
0:08:06 > 0:08:11And each of these stripes is called a layer. Have a look at this rock.
0:08:12 > 0:08:17Some rocks are made in layers just like the sand in our jars.
0:08:17 > 0:08:21The layers of sand pile up on top of each other, and they get higher
0:08:21 > 0:08:25and higher and higher, and all that sand is very heavy,
0:08:25 > 0:08:29and, eventually, it gets squashed down into hard rock.
0:08:29 > 0:08:33But we can still see the stripy layers.
0:08:33 > 0:08:37Layered rocks like these are usually made near the sea,
0:08:37 > 0:08:40where the waves wash the sand along and it piles up in layers.
0:08:40 > 0:08:45- Now, which sand layer did you put in first?- The bottom one.
0:08:45 > 0:08:49- And which sand layer did you put in last?- The top one!
0:08:49 > 0:08:51Yes! And real stripy rocks are the same.
0:08:51 > 0:08:54The layers of rock at the bottom were
0:08:54 > 0:08:57there before the layers of rock at the top.
0:08:57 > 0:09:00That means the layers of rock at the bottom are older than
0:09:00 > 0:09:03the ones on top, cos they've been there longer.
0:09:03 > 0:09:06Scientists can look at layers of rock
0:09:06 > 0:09:09and find out what our world was like a long time ago.
0:09:09 > 0:09:11Are the stripes always across, Nina?
0:09:11 > 0:09:12Great question!
0:09:12 > 0:09:15Let's get exploring to find out.
0:09:19 > 0:09:23Now we want to know if stripes on rocks always go across.
0:09:23 > 0:09:25Well, have a look at this cliff!
0:09:29 > 0:09:31Wow! They're super, duper high cliffs!
0:09:31 > 0:09:34I can only just see the top.
0:09:34 > 0:09:36- Can you see the coloured layers? - Yeah.
0:09:36 > 0:09:40People have been coming to these cliffs for hundreds of years
0:09:40 > 0:09:44to look at these colourful layers, but are the layers in this cliff
0:09:44 > 0:09:48going the same way as the layers in our sand jars?
0:09:48 > 0:09:51- No, they're going up! - Well spotted!
0:09:51 > 0:09:54The coloured layers in these cliffs are going up,
0:09:54 > 0:09:57but the layers in our sand jars are going across.
0:09:57 > 0:10:02In fact, it looks as if the ground has been tipped over like this.
0:10:02 > 0:10:04Well, that's clever!
0:10:04 > 0:10:07By tipping the jar over, the sand layers are now going up.
0:10:07 > 0:10:11And there are lots of stripy cliffs that are tipped up like this
0:10:11 > 0:10:13all over the world.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16Ooh, I'm not sure I like the sound of that, Nina.
0:10:16 > 0:10:17Don't worry, Belle.
0:10:17 > 0:10:22It happened a very long time ago, and very, very slowly.
0:10:22 > 0:10:24How did the cliff tip over?
0:10:24 > 0:10:26Let's do an experiment to find out.
0:10:26 > 0:10:30This is a special box, and we're going to see what happens
0:10:30 > 0:10:33when we squeeze these stripy layers very tightly.
0:10:33 > 0:10:35Here it goes!
0:10:36 > 0:10:38Keep watching!
0:10:50 > 0:10:53Look! The wall is moving inwards!
0:10:53 > 0:10:55And squashing the sand together!
0:10:55 > 0:10:57Oooh, that's a very tight squeeze.
0:11:08 > 0:11:10What's happening to the layers?
0:11:10 > 0:11:12They're moving.
0:11:12 > 0:11:13Yes!
0:11:13 > 0:11:17Because the stripy layers are being squeezed, they're moving,
0:11:17 > 0:11:21and, in this part here, the squeezing has tipped the layers up.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25- What way are they facing now? - Upwards.- Yes!
0:11:25 > 0:11:29The stripes are no longer going sideways, they've tipped upwards!
0:11:29 > 0:11:33And this is what happened to these stripy cliffs, too.
0:11:33 > 0:11:37The ground is always moving very, very slowly,
0:11:37 > 0:11:40and, over millions of years, they got squeezed,
0:11:40 > 0:11:43and they tipped over, so the stripes were facing upwards.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51So, your question was, "Why are some rocks stripy?",
0:11:51 > 0:11:53and I think we've answered it!
0:11:53 > 0:11:58Stripy rocks are made by sandy layers building up, one on top
0:11:58 > 0:12:02of each other, and squashing together to become hard rock.
0:12:02 > 0:12:06The layers are the bottom were put down before the rocks at the top.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10The ground is always moving very, very slowly.
0:12:10 > 0:12:15And a long, long, long time ago, over millions of years,
0:12:15 > 0:12:19the rocky layers got squashed and tipped upwards.
0:12:19 > 0:12:23That's a lot of squeezing and squashing!
0:12:23 > 0:12:25So, I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:25 > 0:12:28ALL: Thanks, Nina. Bye!
0:12:28 > 0:12:29You're welcome. Bye!
0:12:33 > 0:12:37If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:37 > 0:12:40go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:41 > 0:12:46# Every day the sun comes up it brightens up the sky
0:12:46 > 0:12:49# A brand-new day to understand
0:12:49 > 0:12:52- # A chance to ask ourselves why - Why?
0:12:52 > 0:12:59# There's a world of possibilities outside our front door
0:12:59 > 0:13:03# So every day take a look around and explore
0:13:03 > 0:13:05- # Explore,- explore,- explore - explore
0:13:05 > 0:13:08- # Exploring in the garden - Grass!
0:13:08 > 0:13:11- # Exploring in the park - Rivers!
0:13:11 > 0:13:14- # Exploring in the daytime - Mountains!
0:13:14 > 0:13:17- # And even when it's dark - Planets!
0:13:17 > 0:13:20# Look at the Earth Look at the sky
0:13:20 > 0:13:22# Look at the world before us
0:13:22 > 0:13:25- # Explore,- explore,- explore,- explore
0:13:25 > 0:13:28# We're always on the lookout
0:13:28 > 0:13:31- # We're Earth explorers... - O-oh o-oh
0:13:31 > 0:13:34- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh o-oh
0:13:34 > 0:13:37# We're Earth explorers. #
0:13:37 > 0:13:41Remember, exploring is about looking at the world around us,
0:13:41 > 0:13:44asking why and finding out the answer.
0:13:44 > 0:13:48Whether it's deep underground, at the end of your playground
0:13:48 > 0:13:51or way above the clouds, keep exploring our exciting world.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54See you again soon. Bye!
0:13:54 > 0:13:56ALL: Bye!
0:13:56 > 0:13:59Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd