0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses while helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:22- # Eyes, eyes - Ears, ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- # Nose - Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes, eyes - Ears, ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Nose - Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:50- # Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know...- Yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:56# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:01:00Oh, hello. I'm experimenting with this water fountain.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03When I switch the pump on, water should come flowing up
0:01:03 > 0:01:05through the top here. Here we go.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08Yay, it worked!
0:01:08 > 0:01:10What a lovely water fountain.
0:01:10 > 0:01:15- BEEP!- I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:18 > 0:01:21- BOTH: Hi, Nina! - Hi!
0:01:21 > 0:01:23We've got a question for you.
0:01:23 > 0:01:25What is a geyser?
0:01:25 > 0:01:28That's a great question. What is a geyser?
0:01:28 > 0:01:31Geysers are like natural fountains that can shoot hot water
0:01:31 > 0:01:33and steam high into the air.
0:01:33 > 0:01:35But what actually is a geyser?
0:01:35 > 0:01:38Come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.
0:01:38 > 0:01:42BOTH: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:42 > 0:01:47Bye! Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one,
0:01:47 > 0:01:48and I know just who to ask.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:06 > 0:02:09ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:09 > 0:02:12OK. Today's question is, what is a geyser?
0:02:12 > 0:02:16Which Neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?
0:02:16 > 0:02:19ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!
0:02:19 > 0:02:21Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:21 > 0:02:25I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:25 > 0:02:28Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:28 > 0:02:32I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:34 > 0:02:36For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:36 > 0:02:38I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:38 > 0:02:40Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:40 > 0:02:43If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:43 > 0:02:47- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:47 > 0:02:52Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:55 > 0:02:57It's Ollie!
0:02:58 > 0:03:02Ollie! Ollie! Ollie! Ollie!
0:03:02 > 0:03:05Ollie! Ollie! Ollie!
0:03:07 > 0:03:09Standing by to smell and tell, Nina.
0:03:09 > 0:03:12Today's question is, what is a geyser?
0:03:12 > 0:03:14Geysers can smell quite strong,
0:03:14 > 0:03:17so Ollie, our smell neuron, will be helping us today.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21Stand-by, Neurons, I have a feeling I may need all of you.
0:03:21 > 0:03:26Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the explorers arrive.
0:03:27 > 0:03:31Michael likes eating pizza and Alex likes playing with his friends.
0:03:31 > 0:03:34But they both want to know what is a geyser.
0:03:34 > 0:03:36Geysers are cool.
0:03:36 > 0:03:38What is a geyser?
0:03:40 > 0:03:44So today, for one day only, Michael and Alex become the explorers!
0:03:49 > 0:03:51- Hi, guys. - BOTH: Hi, Nina.
0:03:51 > 0:03:55Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question,
0:03:55 > 0:03:59what is a geyser? To find out, let's start by using our senses.
0:03:59 > 0:04:01NEURONS: Woo-hoo!
0:04:01 > 0:04:04A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina.
0:04:04 > 0:04:08Let's start by exploring this model of a geyser.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11- So how would you describe the geyser?- Round and bumpy.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14Yes, it is round and bumpy.
0:04:14 > 0:04:18And look, it has water coming out of the top, just like a real geyser.
0:04:18 > 0:04:21But people don't make geysers,
0:04:21 > 0:04:24they are part of the natural world around us.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27So let's look at some real geysers over here.
0:04:27 > 0:04:30A geyser is like a natural fountain that shoots hot water
0:04:30 > 0:04:34out of the ground up into the air. Geysers are quite rare.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37There aren't many places where this happens.
0:04:37 > 0:04:40Some geysers have a strange smell, too, Nina.
0:04:40 > 0:04:44That's right. Smells can also come up from the cracks in the ground
0:04:44 > 0:04:48and some geysers smell very strange, a bit like rotten eggs.
0:04:48 > 0:04:51Rotten eggs? Ew, yuck!
0:04:51 > 0:04:55- Where does water come from, Nina? - That is a great question.
0:04:55 > 0:04:58Let's look under the ground. What can you see?
0:04:58 > 0:05:01- A hole under the ground.- Yeah.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04Underneath geysers, it's like a spider's web of tunnels
0:05:04 > 0:05:07that are all joined together.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09- And what else can you see? - Water!- Yes.
0:05:09 > 0:05:13Underneath some geysers, there are streams and rivers flowing.
0:05:13 > 0:05:17And the water fills up the holes and tunnels in the rock.
0:05:17 > 0:05:21And geysers can have lots and lots of water inside them,
0:05:21 > 0:05:24sometimes as much as a big swimming pool.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27What do you notice about the ground very far below
0:05:27 > 0:05:29- the surface of the geyser? - It looks red.
0:05:29 > 0:05:32Yeah. Very far below the surface of the earth,
0:05:32 > 0:05:36way deeper than we can dig a hole, it's extremely hot.
0:05:36 > 0:05:40And because the tunnels go so deep,
0:05:40 > 0:05:42the water inside them gets very hot, too.
0:05:42 > 0:05:46What happens when the water gets hot, Nina?
0:05:46 > 0:05:50Great question. This experiment will help to explain. Come with me.
0:05:50 > 0:05:54- Be careful around hot things. - That's right, Felix.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56That is why I've got my safety gear on.
0:05:56 > 0:05:59What can you see happening with the water?
0:05:59 > 0:06:02- There is steam coming off of it. - That's right.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05When water gets very hot, it turns into steam.
0:06:05 > 0:06:09You may have seen steam coming out of a kettle at home or
0:06:09 > 0:06:12coming from a pot of soup on the cooker, but steam is hot,
0:06:12 > 0:06:16so you shouldn't go near it. I'm going to put the lid on.
0:06:17 > 0:06:20Now watch carefully.
0:06:20 > 0:06:22What can you see happening?
0:06:22 > 0:06:24- The lid is moving.- Yes.
0:06:24 > 0:06:29By putting a lid on, I have trapped the steam inside the pot.
0:06:29 > 0:06:31When steam is trapped, it wants to get out,
0:06:31 > 0:06:35and the same thing happens underground with geysers.
0:06:35 > 0:06:36Oh, keep watching.
0:06:38 > 0:06:40Hey, fantastic!
0:06:40 > 0:06:43Are the old geysers steaming, Nina?
0:06:43 > 0:06:45That's a great question.
0:06:45 > 0:06:50To answer that, I think we need to go somewhere very special indeed.
0:06:53 > 0:06:58- Oh, goody, I love this bit. - I wonder where Nina is taking us.
0:06:58 > 0:07:01Nina said it is somewhere very special indeed.
0:07:01 > 0:07:04Perhaps it is a zoo with beautiful lions and tigers.
0:07:04 > 0:07:08And tricky monkeys! Oh-oh, ah-ah!
0:07:08 > 0:07:12Not a zoo, but very interesting smells.
0:07:16 > 0:07:20This is the Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, America.
0:07:20 > 0:07:24And behind us is one of the most famous geysers in the whole world.
0:07:24 > 0:07:27It's called Old Faithful.
0:07:27 > 0:07:32SNIFFS: I knew it! Wafts of rotten eggs. Geysers!
0:07:32 > 0:07:36NEURONS: Oh, what a pong!
0:07:36 > 0:07:38Pee-yew!
0:07:38 > 0:07:41What do you notice when we stand near Old Faithful?
0:07:41 > 0:07:44- There is a funny smell. - Yeah, it's a bit whiffy, isn't it?
0:07:44 > 0:07:48Oh, no, it's too smelly, I can't take it!
0:07:48 > 0:07:51Actually, I rather like a damp, musty pong.
0:07:51 > 0:07:55Geysers are only found in a few places around the world,
0:07:55 > 0:07:59but here, in Yellowstone National Park, there are about 300.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01So it's no wonder we can smell them.
0:08:01 > 0:08:05Now look. We can also see a little bit of steam coming out
0:08:05 > 0:08:06the top of the geyser.
0:08:06 > 0:08:09It's like we saw earlier in the workshop.
0:08:09 > 0:08:13I can't see much water coming out, Nina.
0:08:13 > 0:08:17No, Luke, and that's because geysers don't shoot water out all the time,
0:08:17 > 0:08:18only sometimes.
0:08:18 > 0:08:23Some geysers only shoot out water once a day or once a month or
0:08:23 > 0:08:25even once every 50 years.
0:08:25 > 0:08:29But Old Faithful here regularly shoots water out several
0:08:29 > 0:08:33times a day, so I wonder if it will happen soon.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42Oh!
0:08:48 > 0:08:52Wow! Huge jets of water and clouds of steam!
0:09:07 > 0:09:11- Wow! What did you think of that, guys?- It was amazing.
0:09:11 > 0:09:13Just imagine, all that steam
0:09:13 > 0:09:17and water was trapped deep beneath the ground, wanting to get out.
0:09:17 > 0:09:19Take a look at this.
0:09:19 > 0:09:23The water was getting hotter, the steam was building up.
0:09:23 > 0:09:27But when steam is trapped, it really wants to escape.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31- So the steam pushed its way out.- And pushed lots of water out with it.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33Old Faithful looks spectacular,
0:09:33 > 0:09:37but there are lots of other geysers here, shall we go and explore them?
0:09:37 > 0:09:40- BOTH: Yeah! - Let's go!
0:10:13 > 0:10:16Those geysers were lovely!
0:10:16 > 0:10:19Why don't geysers shoot out water all the time, Nina?
0:10:19 > 0:10:21Great question.
0:10:21 > 0:10:25Why don't we go back to my workshop to do one final experiment?
0:10:27 > 0:10:32Now, it's not quite Old Faithful, but welcome to my home-made geyser.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35We are going to pretend that this flask
0:10:35 > 0:10:39and this tube are like the tunnels full of water underground.
0:10:39 > 0:10:41At the top, there is an opening,
0:10:41 > 0:10:44just like the hole in the ground on a real geyser.
0:10:44 > 0:10:47Now we need one more thing to make a geyser - heat.
0:10:47 > 0:10:50Because it is very, very hot underground,
0:10:50 > 0:10:53we need the underground water to be very hot, too.
0:10:53 > 0:10:55So here we go, I'll just turn it on.
0:10:55 > 0:10:59Remember, hot water is dangerous, so I'm going to come over here
0:10:59 > 0:11:02and stand with you guys, at a safe distance.
0:11:02 > 0:11:03Let's watch.
0:11:07 > 0:11:09What's happening with the water now?
0:11:09 > 0:11:11There is steam coming off of it.
0:11:11 > 0:11:15Yes, the water is so hot, it has turned into steam.
0:11:15 > 0:11:17So let's see what happens next.
0:11:31 > 0:11:36NEURONS: Yippee! Woo-hoo!
0:11:36 > 0:11:38Yay! Our own home-made geyser.
0:11:38 > 0:11:43Oh, and it's stopped, just like a real geyser.
0:11:43 > 0:11:46Once the hot water has shot out of a real geyser,
0:11:46 > 0:11:49it takes a while for the tunnels to fill up again,
0:11:49 > 0:11:53just like our home-made geyser is slowly filling up again now.
0:11:53 > 0:11:57And the water will take a long time to get hot enough to turn into
0:11:57 > 0:12:01steam again, and that is why geysers don't shoot out water all the time,
0:12:01 > 0:12:03just sometimes.
0:12:07 > 0:12:09So, your question was, what is a geyser?
0:12:09 > 0:12:11I think we have answered it.
0:12:11 > 0:12:15Geysers are holes in the ground where hot water shoots out,
0:12:15 > 0:12:16high into the air.
0:12:16 > 0:12:20Steam gets trapped in deep, hot watery tunnels,
0:12:20 > 0:12:21below the geyser.
0:12:21 > 0:12:25As the steam escapes, it pushes water above it,
0:12:25 > 0:12:27out with a whoosh!
0:12:27 > 0:12:31This only happens sometimes because it takes a while
0:12:31 > 0:12:34for the geyser to fill up with hot water again.
0:12:34 > 0:12:38Geysers may have an unusual smell, but they are great fun.
0:12:38 > 0:12:41So, I hope that has answered your question.
0:12:41 > 0:12:44BOTH: Thanks, Nina. Bye!
0:12:44 > 0:12:47You're welcome. Bye.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50If you want to know more about the science all around us,
0:12:50 > 0:12:54go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:54 > 0:13:00# Every day the sun comes up it brightens up the sky
0:13:00 > 0:13:02# A brand-new day to understand
0:13:02 > 0:13:06- # A chance to ask ourselves why - Why?
0:13:06 > 0:13:11# There's a world of possibilities outside our front door
0:13:11 > 0:13:12# Front door
0:13:12 > 0:13:16# So every day take a look around and explore
0:13:16 > 0:13:19- # Explore,- explore,- explore - Explore!
0:13:19 > 0:13:22- # Exploring in the garden - Grass!
0:13:22 > 0:13:25- # Exploring in the park - Rivers!
0:13:25 > 0:13:28- # Exploring in the daytime - Mountains!
0:13:28 > 0:13:31- # And even when it's dark - Planets!
0:13:31 > 0:13:34# Look at the Earth Look at the sky
0:13:34 > 0:13:36# Look at the world before us
0:13:36 > 0:13:39- # Explore,- explore,- explore,- explore
0:13:39 > 0:13:42# We're always on the lookout
0:13:42 > 0:13:45- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh, o-oh
0:13:45 > 0:13:48- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh, o-oh
0:13:48 > 0:13:52# We're Earth explorers. #
0:13:52 > 0:13:55Exploring is about looking at the world around us,
0:13:55 > 0:13:57asking why and finding out the answer.
0:13:57 > 0:14:01Whether it's deep underground, at the end of your playground
0:14:01 > 0:14:05or way above the clouds, keep exploring our exciting world.
0:14:05 > 0:14:07See you again soon. Bye.
0:14:07 > 0:14:09Bye!
0:14:09 > 0:14:11Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd