0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue- Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes- Eyes- Ears- Ears- Nose- Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:27# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:27 > 0:00:30# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:30 > 0:00:33# Luke he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:33 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue- Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes- Eyes- Ears- Ears- Nose- Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:51- # Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know- Yeah!
0:00:51 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:00:59Oh, heh-heh.
0:00:59 > 0:01:02Hello there. It's very warm in the workshop today
0:01:02 > 0:01:05so I'm making a fresh lemony drink to cool down.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08Just need some ice cubes now to make it nice and cold.
0:01:08 > 0:01:12The ice cubes are melting, I'd better get them in the glass.
0:01:12 > 0:01:13Nice and quickly.
0:01:15 > 0:01:18Boop-boop-boop.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20Oh, this looks tasty!
0:01:20 > 0:01:22ALARM BEEPS
0:01:22 > 0:01:27Oh! I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34- ALL: Hi, Nina.- Hi.
0:01:34 > 0:01:38- We've got a question for you. - We live near Loch Ness.
0:01:38 > 0:01:41Has Loch Ness always looked like this?
0:01:41 > 0:01:45That's a great question - "Has Loch Ness always looked like this?"
0:01:45 > 0:01:49Loch Ness is a really beautiful loch in Scotland.
0:01:49 > 0:01:53Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?
0:01:53 > 0:01:55ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:55 > 0:01:57Bye!
0:01:57 > 0:02:00I'm going to need some help to answer this one,
0:02:00 > 0:02:04and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:19 > 0:02:21Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:21 > 0:02:25OK, today's question is - "Has Loch Ness always looked like this?"
0:02:25 > 0:02:28Which Neuron do you think will be most useful
0:02:28 > 0:02:31in helping us find the answer?
0:02:31 > 0:02:33ALL: Me!
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:35 > 0:02:39I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:39 > 0:02:41Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:41 > 0:02:43I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:43 > 0:02:45If there's a sound I'll help you hear.
0:02:45 > 0:02:47Will it be... lovely Luke?
0:02:47 > 0:02:50For looking and seeing, day or night
0:02:50 > 0:02:52I'll help you with your sense of sight!
0:02:52 > 0:02:54Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:54 > 0:02:57If it's pongy or whiffy or you can't tell
0:02:57 > 0:02:59My messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:59 > 0:03:03- Or will it be Baby Bud? - Sour, salty, bitter or sweet
0:03:03 > 0:03:05I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:03:10 > 0:03:11It's Felix.
0:03:11 > 0:03:13CHEERING
0:03:14 > 0:03:18ALL: Go Felix! Go Felix! Go Felix!
0:03:20 > 0:03:24Marvellous! A little touch can mean so much.
0:03:25 > 0:03:29Today's question is - "Has Loch Ness always looked like this?"
0:03:29 > 0:03:33Loch Ness is a big bit of water surrounded by rocks and mountains.
0:03:33 > 0:03:37There's a lot to feel, so Felix, Touch Neuron, will be helping us
0:03:37 > 0:03:39today. But stand by, Neurons -
0:03:39 > 0:03:42I've a feeling I'll need help from all of you.
0:03:42 > 0:03:47Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the Explorers arrive.
0:03:47 > 0:03:49Kayla loves writing stories,
0:03:49 > 0:03:52Max loves dressing as a superhero
0:03:52 > 0:03:54and Cara loves eating hoc-chip cookies,
0:03:54 > 0:03:56but they all want to know -
0:03:56 > 0:03:59"Has Loch Ness always looked like this?"
0:03:59 > 0:04:01I live near Loch Ness.
0:04:02 > 0:04:05Loch Ness is really, really old.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08Has Loch Ness always looked like this?
0:04:08 > 0:04:13So, for one day only, Kayla, Max and Cara become the Explorers!
0:04:18 > 0:04:20- Hi, guys! - ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:04:20 > 0:04:24Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question -
0:04:24 > 0:04:27"Has Loch Ness always looked like this?"
0:04:27 > 0:04:31To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
0:04:31 > 0:04:34Whoop-woo, a senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:34 > 0:04:38First, let's have a look at this model of Loch Ness.
0:04:38 > 0:04:40And tell me what can you see.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45- That's the loch.- Yeah. Loch Ness is a long, narrow
0:04:45 > 0:04:49and very deep loch and there are lots of famous stories
0:04:49 > 0:04:53about a big friendly monster living here called Nessie.
0:04:53 > 0:04:57Loch Ness looks beautiful now, but a very, very long time ago
0:04:57 > 0:05:00you wouldn't be able to see Loch Ness at all
0:05:00 > 0:05:03because it was completely covered in ice.
0:05:03 > 0:05:04Let me show you...
0:05:08 > 0:05:14Brr! Brr! With all that ice it must have been very cold?
0:05:14 > 0:05:18- It was very cold, Felix.- What happened with all that ice, Nina?
0:05:18 > 0:05:23Good question, Luke. Some blocks of ice were as big as mountains
0:05:23 > 0:05:26- and these were called glaciers. - Glaciers!
0:05:26 > 0:05:28Oh-ho-ho, that's a cool word!
0:05:28 > 0:05:31There are no glaciers in Loch Ness any more.
0:05:31 > 0:05:35But there are still some in other parts of the world,
0:05:35 > 0:05:36let's have a look...
0:05:38 > 0:05:40It looks like that glacier's moving.
0:05:40 > 0:05:44Yes, glaciers do move, but only very slowly.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48Oh, ho-ho-ho!
0:05:48 > 0:05:52Egh! Egh! That feels all squidgy!
0:05:53 > 0:05:57- Oh, no, please put it down, Nina? - Oh-ho-ho-ho, sorry, Felix,
0:05:57 > 0:06:00I just want to demonstrate something with the slime.
0:06:00 > 0:06:04OK, guys, you've got some slime in front of you there.
0:06:04 > 0:06:06Why don't you pick it up?
0:06:06 > 0:06:08ALL: Ew!
0:06:16 > 0:06:19- What does it feel like? - It's gooey!- Yeah?
0:06:19 > 0:06:20Slime is pretty squidgy,
0:06:20 > 0:06:24but it actually moves the same way a glacier does.
0:06:24 > 0:06:29A glacier forms on high mountains and they slide downhill slowly...
0:06:29 > 0:06:32a bit like this slime.
0:06:32 > 0:06:36Ha-ha! Let's do an experiment!
0:06:36 > 0:06:39This drainpipe will be a pretend mountainside.
0:06:39 > 0:06:42You can see there's some rocks there
0:06:42 > 0:06:44and our slime is our glacier.
0:06:44 > 0:06:49Let's make this a proper mountainside by lifting it up.
0:06:55 > 0:06:57Heh!
0:06:57 > 0:06:59It's like a glacier.
0:07:00 > 0:07:03Nina's glacier looks like a slow-moving river.
0:07:03 > 0:07:08- What do you notice about the rocks? - They've been moved by the slime.
0:07:08 > 0:07:13That's right. As our glacier moves, it pushes the rocks along with it.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15They've got stuck in the slime.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18The same thing happens with real glaciers.
0:07:18 > 0:07:21So icy glaciers get rocks stuck in them too?
0:07:21 > 0:07:26That's right, Belle. Loch Ness used to be covered in a huge icy glacier
0:07:26 > 0:07:30and as the glacier moved along, it pushed some rocks out of the way,
0:07:30 > 0:07:36- but others got stuck in the glacier. - What else did the glaciers do, Nina?
0:07:36 > 0:07:39Well, glaciers did lots of interesting things.
0:07:39 > 0:07:44To find out more, I think we need to go somewhere wild and mysterious.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50Off we go for another adventure.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53Nina said it's somewhere wild and mysterious!
0:07:53 > 0:08:00- Maybe it's a huge sandy desert? - Desert - hot sand and prickly cacti?
0:08:00 > 0:08:03- I do hope not.- We've arrived.
0:08:03 > 0:08:06This is the famous and mysterious Loch Ness.
0:08:06 > 0:08:11- So what can we see from here?- We can see the loch and the mountains.
0:08:11 > 0:08:14We call this a valley or a glen, and it's just like
0:08:14 > 0:08:18our slime experiment in the workshop. Many years ago,
0:08:18 > 0:08:21a huge icy glacier moved down through here
0:08:21 > 0:08:24and pushed all the rocks in the middle out of the way.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27How do we know that a glacier was here, Nina?
0:08:27 > 0:08:31Great question, Belle. Let's experiment...
0:08:36 > 0:08:39- What can you feel on this rock? - Big scratches.
0:08:39 > 0:08:43- Yeah, and what do you think made these big scratches?- The glacier.
0:08:43 > 0:08:46You're right. The huge glacier that was here
0:08:46 > 0:08:50made these big scratches in this rock. Let's see how it did it.
0:08:52 > 0:08:55We are going to pretend that these pieces of ice are glaciers
0:08:55 > 0:09:00and that these pieces of clay are rocks, so let's see what happens
0:09:00 > 0:09:03when we rub the ice over the clay. So, everyone,
0:09:03 > 0:09:06take your piece of ice... and rub it over the top!
0:09:07 > 0:09:08Woo...
0:09:20 > 0:09:23Now, has the ice made any scratches in the clay?
0:09:23 > 0:09:25No, it just looks the same, Nina.
0:09:25 > 0:09:27Do you remember how our slime from earlier
0:09:27 > 0:09:30collected rocks on its way down the mountain?
0:09:30 > 0:09:34- Yes, Nina.- Well, let's pretend our ice has collected some rocks.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37So this time we're going to use these ice cubes,
0:09:37 > 0:09:40which have some sand stuck to them.
0:09:49 > 0:09:53- What happened this time?- There are scratches on the clay, Nina.
0:09:53 > 0:09:57Yes. Because the sandy ice cubes have a rough surface,
0:09:57 > 0:10:00when we rub them over the clay they made scratches.
0:10:00 > 0:10:04And a huge glacier made the same thing happen here in Loch Ness
0:10:04 > 0:10:06many, many years ago.
0:10:06 > 0:10:10Ah, the glacier slid down and got rocks stuck in it.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13- And the rocks made big scratches. - That's right, Neurons.
0:10:13 > 0:10:17What happened when the glacier melted, Nina?
0:10:17 > 0:10:20That's a brilliant question! Come with me to find out.
0:10:22 > 0:10:26- What can you see over there? - A hill.- Yes, well, it looks like
0:10:26 > 0:10:30a hill, but it's actually a big pile of rocks that were left here
0:10:30 > 0:10:33when the glacier melted. But how did this happen?
0:10:33 > 0:10:34Let's experiment.
0:10:37 > 0:10:41Have a look at this, guys. This block of ice
0:10:41 > 0:10:46has sand and stones frozen inside it. It's our pretend glacier.
0:10:46 > 0:10:49And we need it to melt. But this would take ages to melt,
0:10:49 > 0:10:53cos it's quite big, and real glaciers take years to melt.
0:10:53 > 0:10:58So I left another pretend glacier to melt yesterday. Look...
0:11:03 > 0:11:06And...here it is.
0:11:06 > 0:11:09Wow! Nina's glacier has disappeared!
0:11:09 > 0:11:11The ice on our glacier has melted
0:11:11 > 0:11:14and turned back into runny water again.
0:11:14 > 0:11:16And what's been left behind?
0:11:16 > 0:11:20- Sand and stones.- Yes, the sand and stones that were stuck in the ice
0:11:20 > 0:11:24have been dropped here. And this is exactly what happened
0:11:24 > 0:11:28many, many years ago to lots of the glaciers.
0:11:28 > 0:11:31The icy weather stopped and the weather got warmer,
0:11:31 > 0:11:33which made the glaciers melt.
0:11:33 > 0:11:36So the rocks the glaciers had picked up were left behind?
0:11:36 > 0:11:39That's right! When the glaciers melted,
0:11:39 > 0:11:42they left big piles of rocks, like that one over there.
0:11:42 > 0:11:44Ice changed the world around us,
0:11:44 > 0:11:47and we can still see where glaciers have been today.
0:11:47 > 0:11:51# Nina and the neurons. #
0:11:51 > 0:11:55So, your question was - "Has Loch Ness always looked like this?"
0:11:55 > 0:11:57And I think we've answered it.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59We found out that Loch Ness
0:11:59 > 0:12:02used to be covered in a huge, icy glacier.
0:12:02 > 0:12:07Glaciers slide down mountainsides and rocks get stuck in them!
0:12:07 > 0:12:10Moving glaciers make BIG valleys.
0:12:10 > 0:12:14And leave big scratches so we can see where they've been.
0:12:14 > 0:12:16But when a glacier melts,
0:12:16 > 0:12:20the rocks that it picked up get left behind. Marvellous!
0:12:20 > 0:12:22So I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:22 > 0:12:25ALL: Thanks, Nina! Bye!
0:12:25 > 0:12:27You're welcome! Bye!
0:12:29 > 0:12:34If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:34 > 0:12:37go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website.
0:12:37 > 0:12:39Have fun!
0:12:39 > 0:12:42# Every day the sun comes up it brightens up the sky
0:12:42 > 0:12:46# A brand-new day to understand
0:12:46 > 0:12:50- # A chance to ask ourselves why... # - Why?
0:12:50 > 0:12:55- # There's a world of possibilities outside our front door- Front door
0:12:56 > 0:13:00# So every day take a look around and explore
0:13:00 > 0:13:03- #- Explore- Explore- Explore- Explore
0:13:03 > 0:13:09- # Exploring in the garden- Grass - Exploring in the park- Rivers
0:13:09 > 0:13:15- # Exploring in the daytime- Mountains - And even when it's dark- Planets
0:13:15 > 0:13:20# Look at the Earth, look at the sky Look at the world before us
0:13:20 > 0:13:25- # Explore, explore, explore, explore - We're always on the lookout
0:13:25 > 0:13:29- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh o-oh
0:13:29 > 0:13:32- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh o-oh
0:13:32 > 0:13:35# We're Earth explorers. #
0:13:35 > 0:13:38Remember, exploring is about looking at the world around us,
0:13:38 > 0:13:41asking why, and finding out the answer.
0:13:41 > 0:13:45Whether it's deep underground, at the end of your playground
0:13:45 > 0:13:49or above the clouds, keep exploring our exciting world.
0:13:49 > 0:13:51See you again soon. Bye.
0:13:51 > 0:13:53ALL: Bye!
0:13:55 > 0:13:58Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd